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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background
(2008: 26) defined language is the process or a set processes used to ensure there
is agreement between the sender and receiver for meanings assigned to the
symbol and schema or combining them used for each communication. In the
elementary school for fifth and sixth level, junior to senior high school up to the
universities. In learning English there are four skills namely: speaking, writing,
progress in acquiring the langauge. In the same way, we give them the
opportunity to use this language, make mistakes, and learn from them.
In this sense the researcher especially discusses about the students’ skill of
able to deliver a message with a good language so that the audience could
understand it easily. Horwizt (1986: 12) said that “In ELF context, oral
has been noted that people who have difficulty in communicating with people are
people encounter many various difficulties that negatively affect their ability
words, giving an oral presentation is a good practice to equip the students with
not only experience in delivering their materials in public with a proper language
but also opportunities to improve their confidence. In fact, to be able to do so, the
presenter needs to have good presentation skills. Just as Rajoo (2010:43) argued,
Furthermore, having good oral presentation skills was very useful in the future
especially for the students’ career (Emder & Becker, as cited in El Enein, 2011).
Teacher Training and Education has included group and individual presentation
as one of the assessment criteria in most of its courses. Yet, the majority of
audiences. This phenomenon was in line with Emden and Becker, as cited in El-
Enein (2011), who pointed out that most of the students were very nervous about
presenting in public.Tuan and Mai (2012) found that understanding the topic
pointed out that organizing the ideas based on the topic that was given by the
Muhammadiyah University, there were some students that had problems in doing
oral presentation. The problems that they were faced such asproblem in
organizing ideas, understanding topic and anxiety. So, the presentation was not
running well.To handle those problems, proper strategies are needed. Therefore,
B. Problem Statement
statement as follows:
Based on the problem statements above, the purpose of this study was to
find out:
Muhammadiyah University.
4
The researcher hopes that the result of this study can be used as an input
for English teachers and find out strategies to solve the students’ difficulties on
oral presentation in the classroom interaction. Therefore, the students can improve
factors.
5
CHAPTER II
Some researchers has been conducting studies relate to this research, there
are as follows :
University.” The result of his research showed, according to the two tools,
good presentation.
University. The result of her research showed that students were actually
highly positive in their beliefs about benefits and usefulness of doing oral
hopes that this study will be useful to both teachers and students of other
research showed that students were highly positive in their beliefs about
activity. Also it has been revealed that classroom oral presentations have a
in the classroom interaction and they also used qualitative method with
Hassan, Kamel and Nadia used questionnaire and interview. Sivadjati used
interview and the researcher itself only use questionnaire to get the data.
sample, Hassan used junior and senior English major students forming
addition the speakers can support their talk with visual aids.
about things that are not clear to them. The speakers answer them to
typical speech event. There are different between normal speech and
oral presentation. The later is a type of speech, but the former is more
presentation as follows:
1. Individual Presentation
2. Group Presentation
Groups encourage team work and help students get feedback from each
of their group and to work together, in English, to plan how they will
present their ideas to the other members of the class. This facilitates
English use to meet a specific goal, in an authentic way, and with very
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little intervention from the teacher (Brooks & Wilson, 2014). In this
because the presenter needs to think twice about the grammar rule.
Rajoo (2010) pointed out that grammar also plays an important role
Tuan and Mai (2012) said that it is difficult for the learners if the
result it will make the students confuses because they did not have
enough knowledge about the topic. In relation with the topic, the
Khoury (2015) argued that one of the presenter problems when they
student’s problems especially about the tempo. Rajoo (2010) said that
5. MemorizingProblem
students suddenly forgot what they would say when speaking in front
of public.
6. Anxiety
Recent studies have found that anxiety becomes the most difficult
(2011) that most of the learners or students were very nervous about
presenting in public.
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7. Teacher’sExpectation
presentation. Gigante, Lewin, and Dell (2012) argued that most of the
8. Time Management
A study which was done by Tuan and Mai (2012) investigated on the
students also faced time problem when they were doing the
presentation.
attracting the students’ interest, being afraid if the points are not
argued that reading more about the grammar and the structure was the
2. The students should master the topic well in dealing with topic
was very helpful for the students in order to know more about the
also argued that the students, who suffered from organizing the idea
presenter should divide the main body of the presentation into some
points.
(Kim, 2014).
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adjust their speed. Pain (2014) pointed out that adjusting the speed or
slowing down the speed is the answer if the students’ have problem
in their speaking speed because the way the presenter gives the
gave a useful guideline for the students who are bad at memorizing.
He believed that keep talking or repeat the previous point when the
presenter could not memorize the material was very useful strategy.
exercise and
donotlookattheaudiences’eyescanreducetheanxietylevelonthestudents
8. Strategy about changing the students’ mindset when the students feel
mindset into the positive one was a good choice in dealing with the
under pressure feeling. Further, he also said that the way narrator’s
think which turned the negative into the positive thinking affect their
with the time problems or length of time when the students did an
oral presentation, the students should calculate the time well. If the
about. Then, Ellis (1999) also points out that interaction is generally used
receive the knowledge and attitude is school where the teaching and
learning process take a part. Interaction is one of the factor to make the
effectively. Thus, there are some definitions that can explores what the
interaction is.
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subject. The should not dominate all the communication, therefore it can
create the situation that make student share each other. Malamah &
Thomas (1985) stated that if teacher talks most dominate of the class
will be diminished.
where they usually get communicate each other, in this case, they
exists in the teaching and learning process between teacher and students,
kinds of action that involved as two or more objects has an effect upon
one another.
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as follows:
only listen, answer some question made by the teacher, and take notes
about his speech. Theories behind student and teacher interaction state
that this type of interaction is vital for students because it compares to the
relationships they will have in their live, such as the relationship with a
also learn how to be assertive without being rude, so that, their points and
“students are the main participants and the teacher plays a role of monitor
relationships they will have with work associates, friends and even their
spouses. Students must learn to rely on one other person and must be able
to evaluate what their own strenghts and weaknesses are as they try to
complete a task.
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C. Conceptual Framework
English Learning
Oral Presentation
Difficulties in Oral
Presentation
External factors
2.1 Conceptual Framework
difficulties thatfaced by the students in doing oral presentation. First of all, the
difficulties that faced by the students, after that the reseacher divided into internal
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH
A. Research Design
concerning correct status of the subject of the study. The descriptive method
also designed to obtain the current status of phenomenon and was directed
1. Population
2. Sample
C. Research Instrument
The instrument that was used in this research was questionnaire. The
LikertScale was used in this research. Gay (2000: 150) said that a Likert
NO SCALE SCORE
1 Strongly Agree 5
2 Agree 4
3 Undecided 3
4 Disagree 2
5 Strongly Disagree 1
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conducting this research in the classroom, the researcher did the following
procedures :
1. The researcher told each class to get permission that their class would be
3. The researcher shared the questionnaire to the students and told them to
𝑬
P= × 100
𝑵
Explanation:
P = Percentage
N = Total respondent
CHAPTER IV
A. Findings
questionnaire. The aim of this study was to know the students’ difficulties on oral
presentation. From the data result there are many students found some difficulties
on oral presentation, the data from the questionnaire used formula in chapter 3 to
Based on the table above, the result reveal that there were 70 students
whose involved to respond the statement number 1“I feel very anxious before
of students whose strongly agree and 33 students or 47.14% were agree with
with the statement and 7 students or 10% whose disagree with the statement
and there was none answered strongly disagree with the statement. It shows
that the most of the students feel anxious before on oral presentation.
Based on the table above, the result that were 70 students whose
with a group.” The result indicates there were 20 or 28.57% of the students
answered strongly agree with the statement and 36 students or 51.42% whose
agree with the statement and 6 students or 27% whose undecided with the
shows that the most of students like to do on oral presentation with a group
than individual.
25
Based on the table above, the result that there were 70 students whose
students or 37.14% whose agree with the statement. Meanwhile, there were
13 or 18.57% whose undecided with the statement and there were 17 students
strongly disagree with the statement. It shows that most of the students have
Based on the table, it can be seen that there were 70 students whose
15.71% from the total number of the students whose strongly agree with the
statement. The other 41 students or 58.57% from the total of the students
were agree with the statement. Meanwhile, there were 8 students or 11.42%
students answered strongly disagree. The result indicates that mostly students
themselves well.
Based on the table above, the result that were 70 students whose
or 2.85% from the total number of students whose strongly agree with the
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statement. The other 17 students or 24.28% from the total number of the
students were agree with the statement. Meanwhile, there were 23 students or
32.85% whose undecided with the statement and there were 24 students or
strongly disagree with the statement. The result indicates that most of
students chose disagree with the statement but there were some students agree
with the statement, it shows that some students sometimes get blankness
Based on the table above, the result reveal that there were 70 students
whose involved to respond the statement number 6“I feel embarrassed when
students whose strongly agree and 21 students or 30% were agree with the
the statement and 21 students or 30% whose disagree with the statement and
statement. It shows that the most of the studentsfeel embarrassed when they
do an oral presentation.
Based on the table above, it can be seen that there were 70 students
total number of the students whose strongly agree with the statement. The
other 28 students or 40% from the total of the students were agree with the
strongly disagree. The result indicates that mostly students feel worried when
they do an oral presentation because they have low English speaking skill.
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Based on the table above, it can be seen that there were 70 students
total number of students whose strongly agree with the statement number,
then 40 students or 57.14% from the total number of students were agree with
undecided, 7 or 10% from the total number of students answer disagree, and 3
result indicates that most of students choose agree with the statement, it
shows that most of students feel worried when they conduct an oral
Based on the table above, the result that were 70 students whose
involved to respond the statement number 9“I feel shy during oral
answered strongly agree with the statement and 21 students or 30% whose
agree with the statement and also 21 students or 30% whose undecided with
the statement and there were 19 students or 27.14% whose answered disagree
and other 5 students or 7.14% whose strongly disagree with the statement. It
shows that the most of students feel shy when they do on oral presentation.
Based on the table above, it can be seen that there were 70 students
students whose strongly agree with the statement number, then 31 students or
44.28% from the total number of students were agree with the statement.
students strongly disagree with the statement number 10. The result indicates
that most of students chose agree with the statement, it shows that most of
Based on the table above, it can be seen that there were 70 students
5.71% from the total number of the students whose strongly agree with the
statement. The other 28 students or 40% from the total of the students were
agree with the statement. Meanwhile, there were 20 students or 28.57% prefer
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answered strongly disagree. The result indicates that mostly students chose
agree even there were some students disagree with the statement but it shows
that most of the students find difficulty in time management when they do an
oral presentation.
Based on the table above, it can be seen that there were 70 students
21.42% from the total number of students whose strongly agree with the
students answer disagree, and 7 or 10% of students strongly disagree with the
statement number 12. The result indicates that most of students chose agree
with the statement even there were some students strongly disagree with the
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Based on the table above, it can be seen that there were 70 students
from the total number of students whose strongly agree with the statement
number 13, then 21 students or 30% from the total number of students were
number 13. The result indicates that most of students chose agree with the
statement, it shows that most of students care about grammar more than
14) I prefer to memorize the topic of presentation rather than understand it.
Based on the table above, the result that there were 70 students whose
of presentation rather than understand it.” The result indicates there were 6
or 8.57% students answered strongly agree with the statement and 8 students
27,14% whose undecided with the statement and there were 31 students or
strongly disagree with the statement. It shows that even the most of the
students were disagree with the statement but there were some students prefer
the classroom.
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15) The difficulty of the topic is the reason behind my low performance in
oral presentation.
Based on the table above, it can be seen that there were 70 students
were 12 students or 17.14% from the total number of the students whose
strongly agree with the statement. The other 32 students or 45.71% from the
total of the students were agree with the statement. Meanwhile, there were 16
students or 22.85% prefer to undecided with the statement and also 9 students
or 12.85% whose answered disagree then 1 student or 1.42% from the total
Based on the table above, the result that were 70 students whose
13 or 18.57% of the students answered strongly agree with the statement and
25.71% whose undecided with the statement and there were 8 students or
strongly disagree with the statement. It shows that the most of students find
Based on the table above, it can be seen that there were 70 students
from the total number of students were agree with the statement.
students strongly disagree with the statement number 17. The result
indicates that most of students chose agree with the statement, it shows
that most of students feel frightened when a lot of people watching their
oral presentation.
Based on the table above, it can be seen that there were 70 students
from the total number of students whose strongly agree with the statement
number, then 39 students or 55.71% from the total number of students were
number 18. The result indicates that most of students chose agree with the
statement even there were some students disagree with the statement, it shows
Based on the table above, the result that were 70 students whose
7.14% of the students answered strongly agree with the statement and 29
24.28% whose undecided with the statement and there were 14 students or
disagree with the statement. It shows that the most of students worry that
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other students will laugh at them when speak English during oral
presentation.
20) When late students enter class or talk to each other during oral
presentation, I lose my ideas.
Based on the table and chart above, the result that were 70 students
enter class or talk to each other during oral presentation, I lose my ideas.”
strongly agree with the statement and 24 students or 34.28% whose agree
with the statement and also 18 students or35.71% whose undecided with the
statement and there were 16 students or 22.85% whose answered disagree and
shows that even there were some students disagree with the statement, but the
most of students lose their ideas when late students enter class or talk to each
1 Strongly Agree 14 20
2 Agree 26 37.14
3 Undecided 14 20
4 Disagree 9 12.85
5 Strongly Disagree 7 10
Total 70 100
Based on the table above, it can be seen that there were 70 students
14 students or 20% from the total number of the students whose strongly
agree with the statement. The other 26 students or 37.14% from the total of
the students were agree with the statement. Meanwhile, there were 14
students or 20% prefer to undecided with the statement and also 9 students or
12.85% whose answered disagree then 7 students or 10% from the total
number of students answered strongly disagree. The result indicates that the
performance.
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1 Strongly Agree 14 20
2 Agree 36 51.42
3 Undecided 11 15.71
4 Disagree 8 11.42
5 Strongly Disagree 1 1.42
Total 70 100
Based on the table above, it can be seen that there were 70 students
from the total number of students whose strongly agree with the statement
number, then 36 students or 51.42% from the total number of students were
statement number 22. The result indicates that most of students chose agree
with the statement even there were some students disagree with the statement,
it shows the students feel anxious because the instructors is watching their
language.
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Based on the table above, the result that were 70 students whose
eyes during oral presentation.” The result indicates there were 10 or 14.28%
of the students answered strongly agree with the statement and 32 students or
45.71% whose agree with the statement and 10 students or 14.28% whose
undecided with the statement and there were 13 students or 18.57% whose
with the statement. It shows that the most of students try to avoid the
24) I don’t get useful feedback from the instructor after oral presentation.
Based on the table above, it can be seen that there were 70 students
feedback from the instructor after oral presentation”. There were 7 students
or 7.14% from the total number of students whose strongly agree with the
the statement number 24. The result indicates that most of students chose
disagree with the statement but there were some students agree with the
statement, it shows that some students sometimes don’t get useful feedback
B. Discussion
Based on the data that the researcher has been collected, there were
difficulties, there are 3 points that the researcher discusses; first, the problems
organizing the ideas), and last is problem under external factors (time
proved that most of the students agree with the statement “I feel very anxious
They found that the anxiety became the most complicated obstacle which the
students had to struggle with. Daniel and Hall (2014) said that in their
findings; practice more, take a deep breath, and never look at the audiences’
eyes that the strategies were very effective in dealing with anxiety because it
blankness. It was proved that there some students agree with the statement
say.”To deal with the blankness, keep talking or elaborating when your mind
goes blank was the key. Mitchell (2009) pointed out that if the participants
went blank, it was better to talk anything. Besides that, teachers expectation
also become one of difficulties that faced by the students. It is because the
students was a debater and a storyteller, which means that they were
had already known about their skills in presentation. Gigante, Lewin, and
Dell (2012) also said that most of the students were having problems in the
Allan (2015) said that changing your mindset into the positive one was a
good choice in dealing with the under pressure feeling. He also said that the
presentation later.
findings, other problems in doing an oral presentation is about the topic itself
whether students understand about the topic or not. It was proved that there
were many students agree with the statement “The difficulty of the topic is the
(2015) also argued that it is difficult for the learners if the teacher gave a topic
that is not familiar to the students and as a result it would make the students
confused because they didn’t have enough knowledge about the topic. Blake
(2013) said that “by using Google, yahoo, MSN search, Bing or other search
information in the internet could help the students find the desired
information.
them to present the ideas in a good order. It was proved that there were some
logically during oral presentation”. Gibson (2014) also believed that doing a
it requires good presentation skills. He said that in dealing with the problem
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carefully. As a result the presenter would be able to master the topic or the
material and organize it very well which means that the presenter should
divide the main body of the presentation into some logical points.
The last problem that the students faced about time management when
management when they had to present in front of public. It was proved that
there were some students agree with the statement “I find difficult in
was set by the lecturers were not enough. A study by Tuan and Mai (2012)
also supported the idea that the students had limited time to talk during an
oral presentation. The portion of the time that was given by the lecturer was
limited. According to Marshall (2009) in dealing with the time problem the
presenter should count the time really well. Calculating the time before you
in time management.
Due to the fact that presentation become one of the assessments which
the students should pass. Through this findings, the researcher want to help
fellow students to improve their skill. Besides that, to make the lecturers
CHAPTER V
A. Conclusion
(understanding the topic and organizing the ideas), and external factors (time
them pointed out that anxiety problem and unconfidence become the most
experts’ findings in their research those difficulties that faced by the students have
B. Suggestion
After finishing this research, the researcher wrote some suggestions that
1. For the lecturers, the result of this study can be used as additional
more aware in dealing with the students’ difficulties. Besides that, the
researcher hopes that the lecturers help the students to overcome their
2. For the students, they have to practice more and also find strategies to
solve their problems on oral presentation. So, they can improve their