Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 7

Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)

Vol-3, Issue-1, 2017


ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

Design and Fabrication of Oil Burner,


Based on Used Engine Oil as a
Sustainable Source of Energy
Madhusudan S1, Vismay K G2, Gururaja S3
1,2,3 (
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical engineering, Vidyavardhaka college of
Engineering-Mysuru, India)

Abstract: Industrial development and population Resource recovery also provides a benefit for
growth have led to a surge in a global demand for energy supply, since residential and commercial
energy in recent years. An energy crisis is any refuse can be used as fuels. Used oil is obtained in
significant bottleneck in the supply of energy large quantity by routinely changed engine oil, used
resources to an economy. An emergency may emerge cooking oil, waste hydraulic oil. This rejected
due to increased consumption of energy, which leads product has certain properties similar to petroleum
to scarcity of fuels in future days. Fuel shortage can distillates and is a non-renewable energy source.
also be due to the excess and useless use of the fuels. Managing the waste has a better understanding of the
Used oil is obtained in large quantity by routinely economic benefits and technological advances that
changed engine oil, used cooking oil, waste makes the used oil as a dependable source of heat
hydraulic oil. This rejected product has certain and efficient. Burning used engine oil to obtain free
properties similar to petroleum distillates and is a heat in an eco-friendly way to interact with one of
non-renewable energy source. Managing the waste the industries major pollution. By switching a used
has a better understanding of the economic benefits product into a valuable fuel it helps to consume
and technological advances that makes the used oil national energy source and protect water and soil
as a dependable source of heat and efficient. By resources from oil pollution.[3]
switching used oil into a valuable fuel, it helps to The main7objective of the project titled is to
consume national energy sources and protect water reduce the inflation of the energy facing in India, the
and soil resources from oil pollution. Paying economic and easiest way to focus on conservation
considerable attention for heat recovery from used of energy is resource recovery program to overcome
engine oil with a good means of environmental sound the energy crisis problems. The used oil management
recycling practice by design and fabricating an oil is developed to ensure that used oil is managed in a
burner which burns the used engine oil and consistent and environmentally sound manner. Many
delivering the resulted energy for domestic purpose positive steps have been taken to solve the problem
and even for commercial purpose in future of used oil management. Used oil is a major potential
perception. source of environmental contaminating and also a
potential source for energy recovery. Hence
development of a new technique to provide a method
1. Introduction for managing used oil in a used oil burner. The
India has topped second place in world’s population complete study deals with design and fabrication of
which is directly increasing the industrial used engine oil burner, background study, working
development and consumption of energy throughout principle. Burning used oil is a best method for used
the country. This causes an imbalance in energy oil management which is inexpensive, easy with
demand and supply leading to face the country more advantages. The main7objective of the project
energy poverty which simultaneously being more titled is to reduce the inflation of the energy facing in
dependent on importing the resources in turn India, the economic and easiest way to focus on
increasing the taxation of every product. So, the conservation of energy is resource recovery program
foremost goal of India is overcome this energy crisis. to overcome the energy crisis problems.
The possible solution to eradicate energy crisis is to
move towards renewable resources but it has few 2. Methodology
hard-core drawbacks, so that can be overcome by Now, innovation and implementation of
shifting to the best solution resource recovery scientific technology leads to recycling of used oil
program. [1][4][2] dealing with any grade oil. Based on literature
survey, it costs Rs. 60/liter for recycling of any used
oil which is not preferable and non-economic.

Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 262


Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Vol-3, Issue-1, 2017
ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

Recycled oil was not having 100% originality in its excess air [6]. To design any oil burner the
application as like virgin oil. So, these drawbacks mandatory points that has to be followed are
triggered for recovering the retained energy of used  Compressed air
engine oil by burning in an environmental sound  Nozzle position
practice for the source of heat and make it as  Oil feeding
a7sustainable energy source.[4]
2.3 Air supply
2.1 Collection of used engine oil and its For any oil burner to have a complete
assessment. combustion, air supply is the foremost criteria. To
As shown in fig 1used engine oil is widely available atomize any fuel oil minimum 2 to 4 cubic feet/meter
in almost all the petrol bunks of local area. There are of compressed air is required. Since the used engine
many advantages of used oil reusing instead of going oil has more viscosity rather than other virgin engine
for its recycling and it has been discussed earlier. oil. It’s employed with a compressor of following
specifications detailed at Table 2 and shown in Fig 3
[6].

Figure 1 collection of used oil from engine

Table 1 Fluid properties of used engine oil


Fluid Apparatus Results
properties used
Density - 716kg/m3 Figure 2 complete layout of the used engine oil
burner
Specific gravity - 0.716
Flash point Pensky martin 1100C Table 2 Specifications of compressor
Fire point Pensky martin 1400C Art. No. CRM1042 Values
Calorific value Bombs 39,000 Compressor specifications
calorimeter KJ/Kg Voltage 230 V
Viscosity Redwood 67.7cs Power 1.5hp
viscometer
Air displacement 5.686 cubic feet per
meter
Before making use of any oil or fuel, fluid properties Tank capacity 24 liter
must be known because they are used in various
applications throughout the project. And hence oil Maximum pressure tank + 8 bar
properties are checked with recommended outlet
experimental techniques and equipment’s and the
values are listed in the Table 1.

2.2 Design and fabrication of used engine oil


burner
Various review technique and design were
studied before concluding the design of the burner.
The basic principle of oil burner is to mix oil and air
in a controlled condition for the combustion and then
to deliver the resulted heating energy for further
applications. Fig 2 shows the complete design
construction of used engine oil burner. Complete
combustion is possible by burner without any visible
smoke only if there is stoichiometric ratio of oil and

Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 263


Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Vol-3, Issue-1, 2017
ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

Figure 3 air compressor (top) & pressure gauge


and pressure control set (bottom)

2.4 Oil supply


Handling the oil in a burner is also an
important fact. A preheating element can be
accommodated at the oil tank for heating purpose to
decrease the viscosity of oil. But in this case, air
volume displacement of the compressor used is more
compared to the required value and because of this Figure 5 gas cutting torch (top) & burner stand
preheating of oil is not necessary. For gravity fed oil (bottom)
burner, oil tank has to be placed at certain height
(2m), so that ease flow of oil from the tank takes Both the lines are provisioned with control valves.
place. Tank is monitored with a tap to regulate the oil Torch is having nozzle operating mechanism where
flow shown in Figure 4. The tap is connected with jet of air can be formed. Torch can be clamped to the
plastic tubing with hose clamped. stand using fasteners. Gas cutting torch is shown in
Figure 5. At the top of the burner a small hole is
drilled where exactly used engine oil drips right in
front of the placed gas cutting torch nozzle tip. The
hole is lined up by S shape copper pipe which is
brazed to the drilled hole shown in Figure 5 [8].

Figure 4 Oil feed tank with tap

2.5 Burner assembly and pipes


During construction of oil burner selection of nozzle,
oil feeding, preliminary adjustments for air and Figure 6 gas cutting torch fastened to burner
supporting fuel is a complicated task. Gas cutting stand (top) & pipes (bottom)
torch has two flow lines, one for oxygen and another
for acetylene. But for the purpose of lighting up of To interlink any equipment or materials in an
the burner LPG is required and hence acetylene flow assembly there need a connection system and that is
line is swapped by LPG and oxygen flow line is used done by hose pipe. Each pipe is clamped at the ends
by compressed air. for leak proof. Figure 6 and Table 3 shows the pipes
used and details of it respectively

Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 264


Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Vol-3, Issue-1, 2017
ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

Table 3 Details of pipes used 2meter and this potential head cause the oil to flow
Pipe Internal External by gravity. Oil flows through copper pipe drips right
diameter diameter in front of the nozzle where exactly combustion was
Rubber hose 8mm 15mm taking place by pre supplied LPG and air.
pipe
Plastic pipe 6mm 10mm
Copper pipe 4mm 5mm

3. Experimental procedure
The total assembly with all connections is
done as per the design parameters and all other
aspects shown in Fig 7. While doing the connection,
each pipe and valves should be checked for air
leakage, LPG leakage, oil leakage and clamping
should be done perfectly for every pipe. Initially,
LPG is turned ON and it flows through the pipe line
which can be regulated by valve and flows through
nozzle. LPG is used to start up flow of a burner. The
flow of LPG is lighted manually either by using Figure 8 Atomization of dripping oil in burner
matchstick/candle. By this time compressed air from tube (top) & Oil burner running with only used
the compressor through another line of gas cutting engine oil (bottom)
torch is made to flow at 2 bar pressure. Burner can
run even at less pressure up to 1 bar but not less than 4. Results and Discussion
1 bar. For the initial startup and to atomize the oil 2 The results for different parameters are
bar pressure is required and the flame color is blue. summarized below

4.1 Flame length


To check the flame length, mass flow rate
of oil is maintained constant, pressure and velocity of
the compressed air is varied with three different
cases of jet formation. (changing spray angle of the
nozzle). Flame length is checked using graduation
scale as shown in the Fig 9.

Figure 7 complete assembly of used oil burner &


Initial stage of combustion (with supply of LPG
and oil)

As discussed earlier, torch has a control


over compressed air. This controlling is done
manually by adjusting the jet opening and there by
varies the velocity of compressed air. During the Figure 9 flame length measurement (top) &
startup jet is half opened. Meanwhile oil from the Variation of flame length on pressure (bottom)
tank is made to flow at very low rate, literally drip
feeding. Fig 8 shows the drip feeding and Based on the result analysis, with increasing
atomization of oil. Tank is placed at a height of pressure of compressed air the flame length has

Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 265


Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Vol-3, Issue-1, 2017
ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

increased upto certain level of pressure and later it is them to undergo combustion and because of this
decreasing. With the increase in pressure flame flame length decreases gradually.
length continously decreases and extinguishes at one
point of pressure and is shown in Fig 9. 4.2 Flame temperature
 With no jet, the nozzle is completely opened Finding the flame temperature is a
and spray angle is more, the compressed air complicated task because the temperature of the
through the nozzle flows with initial flame will be in thousands of degrees. It is done
velocity only. manually with the use of stem type of thermocouple.
 With half jet, the nozzle spray angle is half With the use of it, it’s easy to find the temperature at
closed and the velocity of compressed air any higher level. Fig 10 shows how manually the
through the nozzle increases compared to no temperature of the flame has been detected using
jet velocity. thermocouple and shows the results.
 With full jet, the nozzle spray angle is
closed to its maximum and the velocity of
compressed air flowing through it is
maximum compared to no jet and half jet.

Table 4 Values of flame length with respect to


pressure
Pressure in Flame Flame Flame
bar length in length in length in
cm cm cm
(no jet) (half jet) (full jet)
1 7 26 32
1.5 9 30 42
2 10 55 62
2.5 20 30 27
3 19 28 22
3.5 18 25 19

At 1bar,
 With no jet there is no much pressurized air
particles to atomize and carry the oil
dorplets for complete combustion. 40% of
the oil droplets will not undergo combustion
and sprays out of a burner tube, this makes Figure 10 Temperature detection (top) and
the flame to be restricted for shorter length. temperature indicator (bottom)
 With half jet, velocity of air is more
compared to no jet and air particles can The main intension of any oil burner is to
carry the oil droplets to travel for longer produce a constant density flame, but it’s not
time and that’s why flame increases in possible in practical aspect because of the
length and same holds good for full jet and inappropriate flow of reactants and products. Burner
continues till 1.5bar. flame is divided into three main regions that are
At 2bar,  Base region
 The atomizing pressure is optimized and This region is at tip of the burner tube and the
velocity is sufficient to carry even larger density of oil particles exceeds density of air
droplets to travel through air for longer time particles at this region. Because of this reason the
than small droplets before being burned up accumulation of oil particles is more and they don’t
and spray angle of nozzle is too small for get sufficient time, turbulence to undergo complete
this pressure which is also a reason for combustion. Partial combustion takes place at this
maximum length of flame with no jet, half region and rest of the combustion will takes place in
and full jet. upstream of the flame because initially viscosity of
Table 4 shows the details of results. As the oil is more and turbulent energy is not enough to mix
pressure is increased in parallel velocity of air is air and oil. Even though the reaction is partial the
increased more than the optimum level and temperature ranges from 9500C to 11000C because
hence the number of air particles increases there are many exothermic reactions. As the
which takes off the oil drops without letting combustion enhances the particles becomes lighter

Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 266


Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Vol-3, Issue-1, 2017
ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

and the velocity of air is enough to carry the oil


particles and forms next region called core region. 5. Conclusion
 Used engine7oil is a residue formed after the
Table 5 Flame temperature at different pressure usage of its original purpose. It has got many
Pressure Base Core Tip contaminants, change in physical and chemical
(Bar) temperature temperature temperature properties which makes and treat it as a waste
(o C) ( o C) ( o C) product. Recycling of used engine oil is a
1 1102 920 660 noneconomic practice and disposal of it is not
1.5 990 940 758 acceptable due to environmental issues. So this
2 980 1025 860 waste product is assessed for its fluid properties
2.5 996 1051 750 and certified with certain hereditary qualities of
virgin oil and declared it as a good potential
3 975 1075 880
source for heat recovery and being a medium to
3.5 1042 1080 700 meet the solution for energy challenges in the
country.
 Core region  Simplest method to trap the huge potential of
The vaporized oil mixture from base region used engine oil is to burn it and the method for
will have good proportion of oxygen, how to burn it is detailed here. Design and
temperature, time and turbulence to make a fabrication has been done for oil burner which is
complete combustion. Turbulent energy is more fueled by used engine oil. Theory of operation
sufficient to cause the perfect mixing of oil and working principle is discussed. On burning,
vapor and air, oil fumes will form fine due to its high calorific value it liberates huge
combustible gases that cause complete amount of heat that can be delivered to various
combustion of all the oil particles in this region applications.
and temperature increases from 9500 C to 11000  Many trial and error methods are followed to
C. The temperature range seems to be similar in optimize the setting of burner to fire the oil.
base and core region but temperature at core is With constant fuel flow rate and varying
more than the base region and results are shown pressure, optimization of burner has been done
in graph. for the preliminary adjustments, correct amount
 Tip temperature and pressure of air, position of nozzle, supply
Spray angle increases as the length of the and shut off of startup fuel, jet formation. Fuel
flame increases towards the tip side. consumption, stoichiometric air required, length
Combustible gases at this region are very less and temperature of the flame, emissions and
and as it contain more of products than the combustion efficiency are found and calculated.
reactants. Temperature is continuously varying  Main objective of the burner design is to have a
as the product gas takes much of the heat and air homogeneous combustion. But in practical
supplied also takes away unburned mixture. aspect it will never happen. Maximum try has
Hence constant flame is not possible at the tip been done for complete combustion and make it
and results show the temperature of flame at the an eco friendly burner. On burning any fuel and
flame tip. Figure 11 shows the variation of flame due to the presence of high contaminants it’s
temperature with pressure at three parts of the obvious to have emissions and percentage of
flame. unburned gases (emissions) is detected.
Problems faced during the operation and how
emissions can be controlled is chaptered future
work.
 There is a great potential of used engine oil as a
sustainable7energy source. Research and
development can be done regarding the design
of oil burner by adopting7premixing pre-
vaporizing system instead of sir atomizing by
gravity feeding. Emissions can be controlled by
the pretreatment7of used engine oil to remove
the pollutant precursors or with emissions
control to remove the air
pollutants.7Pretreatment/ addition of additives
not only reduce the emission level but also
increase combustion efficiency and reduction in
Figure 11 variation of flame temperature on
erosion and corrosion of combustor internal
pressure

Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 267


Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Vol-3, Issue-1, 2017
ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

surfaces. These burners can be used in domestic


purposes, industrial and commercial applications
as a heat source for boilers in power plants, heat
treatment process in furnaces and in forging
applications.

References
[1] Frank Hsia-San Shu, Global Change and the
Energy Crisis. University of California, San
Diego, 2008, 1-41

[2] Teresa Rauckyte, Douglas J. Hargreaves,


Zenon Pawlak, Determination of heavy
metals and volatile aromatic compounds in
used engine oils and sludges, Fuel 85, 2006,
481-485

[3] Bruce Podobnik, Global Energy


Inequalities, Exploring the Long-Term
Implications, Journal of world-systems
research 2002, 252-274

[4] Nicola ArmaroliandaVincenzo Balzani -The


Future of Energy Supply: Challenges and
Opportunities, Angewandte Chemie
international education 45, 2006, 2-17

[5] C Ghiaus, R Belarbi, F Allard, Optimal


settings of residential oil burners, Energy
and buildings, 34 (2002) 83-90

[6] E. Lincheta, J. Barroso, J. Suarez, F.


Barreras and A. Lozano, Performance of
internal mixing air-assisted nozzles for
heavy fuel oil burners, Zaragoza, 2002, 9 -
11

Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 268

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi