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Abstract: Industrial development and population Resource recovery also provides a benefit for
growth have led to a surge in a global demand for energy supply, since residential and commercial
energy in recent years. An energy crisis is any refuse can be used as fuels. Used oil is obtained in
significant bottleneck in the supply of energy large quantity by routinely changed engine oil, used
resources to an economy. An emergency may emerge cooking oil, waste hydraulic oil. This rejected
due to increased consumption of energy, which leads product has certain properties similar to petroleum
to scarcity of fuels in future days. Fuel shortage can distillates and is a non-renewable energy source.
also be due to the excess and useless use of the fuels. Managing the waste has a better understanding of the
Used oil is obtained in large quantity by routinely economic benefits and technological advances that
changed engine oil, used cooking oil, waste makes the used oil as a dependable source of heat
hydraulic oil. This rejected product has certain and efficient. Burning used engine oil to obtain free
properties similar to petroleum distillates and is a heat in an eco-friendly way to interact with one of
non-renewable energy source. Managing the waste the industries major pollution. By switching a used
has a better understanding of the economic benefits product into a valuable fuel it helps to consume
and technological advances that makes the used oil national energy source and protect water and soil
as a dependable source of heat and efficient. By resources from oil pollution.[3]
switching used oil into a valuable fuel, it helps to The main7objective of the project titled is to
consume national energy sources and protect water reduce the inflation of the energy facing in India, the
and soil resources from oil pollution. Paying economic and easiest way to focus on conservation
considerable attention for heat recovery from used of energy is resource recovery program to overcome
engine oil with a good means of environmental sound the energy crisis problems. The used oil management
recycling practice by design and fabricating an oil is developed to ensure that used oil is managed in a
burner which burns the used engine oil and consistent and environmentally sound manner. Many
delivering the resulted energy for domestic purpose positive steps have been taken to solve the problem
and even for commercial purpose in future of used oil management. Used oil is a major potential
perception. source of environmental contaminating and also a
potential source for energy recovery. Hence
development of a new technique to provide a method
1. Introduction for managing used oil in a used oil burner. The
India has topped second place in world’s population complete study deals with design and fabrication of
which is directly increasing the industrial used engine oil burner, background study, working
development and consumption of energy throughout principle. Burning used oil is a best method for used
the country. This causes an imbalance in energy oil management which is inexpensive, easy with
demand and supply leading to face the country more advantages. The main7objective of the project
energy poverty which simultaneously being more titled is to reduce the inflation of the energy facing in
dependent on importing the resources in turn India, the economic and easiest way to focus on
increasing the taxation of every product. So, the conservation of energy is resource recovery program
foremost goal of India is overcome this energy crisis. to overcome the energy crisis problems.
The possible solution to eradicate energy crisis is to
move towards renewable resources but it has few 2. Methodology
hard-core drawbacks, so that can be overcome by Now, innovation and implementation of
shifting to the best solution resource recovery scientific technology leads to recycling of used oil
program. [1][4][2] dealing with any grade oil. Based on literature
survey, it costs Rs. 60/liter for recycling of any used
oil which is not preferable and non-economic.
Recycled oil was not having 100% originality in its excess air [6]. To design any oil burner the
application as like virgin oil. So, these drawbacks mandatory points that has to be followed are
triggered for recovering the retained energy of used Compressed air
engine oil by burning in an environmental sound Nozzle position
practice for the source of heat and make it as Oil feeding
a7sustainable energy source.[4]
2.3 Air supply
2.1 Collection of used engine oil and its For any oil burner to have a complete
assessment. combustion, air supply is the foremost criteria. To
As shown in fig 1used engine oil is widely available atomize any fuel oil minimum 2 to 4 cubic feet/meter
in almost all the petrol bunks of local area. There are of compressed air is required. Since the used engine
many advantages of used oil reusing instead of going oil has more viscosity rather than other virgin engine
for its recycling and it has been discussed earlier. oil. It’s employed with a compressor of following
specifications detailed at Table 2 and shown in Fig 3
[6].
Table 3 Details of pipes used 2meter and this potential head cause the oil to flow
Pipe Internal External by gravity. Oil flows through copper pipe drips right
diameter diameter in front of the nozzle where exactly combustion was
Rubber hose 8mm 15mm taking place by pre supplied LPG and air.
pipe
Plastic pipe 6mm 10mm
Copper pipe 4mm 5mm
3. Experimental procedure
The total assembly with all connections is
done as per the design parameters and all other
aspects shown in Fig 7. While doing the connection,
each pipe and valves should be checked for air
leakage, LPG leakage, oil leakage and clamping
should be done perfectly for every pipe. Initially,
LPG is turned ON and it flows through the pipe line
which can be regulated by valve and flows through
nozzle. LPG is used to start up flow of a burner. The
flow of LPG is lighted manually either by using Figure 8 Atomization of dripping oil in burner
matchstick/candle. By this time compressed air from tube (top) & Oil burner running with only used
the compressor through another line of gas cutting engine oil (bottom)
torch is made to flow at 2 bar pressure. Burner can
run even at less pressure up to 1 bar but not less than 4. Results and Discussion
1 bar. For the initial startup and to atomize the oil 2 The results for different parameters are
bar pressure is required and the flame color is blue. summarized below
increased upto certain level of pressure and later it is them to undergo combustion and because of this
decreasing. With the increase in pressure flame flame length decreases gradually.
length continously decreases and extinguishes at one
point of pressure and is shown in Fig 9. 4.2 Flame temperature
With no jet, the nozzle is completely opened Finding the flame temperature is a
and spray angle is more, the compressed air complicated task because the temperature of the
through the nozzle flows with initial flame will be in thousands of degrees. It is done
velocity only. manually with the use of stem type of thermocouple.
With half jet, the nozzle spray angle is half With the use of it, it’s easy to find the temperature at
closed and the velocity of compressed air any higher level. Fig 10 shows how manually the
through the nozzle increases compared to no temperature of the flame has been detected using
jet velocity. thermocouple and shows the results.
With full jet, the nozzle spray angle is
closed to its maximum and the velocity of
compressed air flowing through it is
maximum compared to no jet and half jet.
At 1bar,
With no jet there is no much pressurized air
particles to atomize and carry the oil
dorplets for complete combustion. 40% of
the oil droplets will not undergo combustion
and sprays out of a burner tube, this makes Figure 10 Temperature detection (top) and
the flame to be restricted for shorter length. temperature indicator (bottom)
With half jet, velocity of air is more
compared to no jet and air particles can The main intension of any oil burner is to
carry the oil droplets to travel for longer produce a constant density flame, but it’s not
time and that’s why flame increases in possible in practical aspect because of the
length and same holds good for full jet and inappropriate flow of reactants and products. Burner
continues till 1.5bar. flame is divided into three main regions that are
At 2bar, Base region
The atomizing pressure is optimized and This region is at tip of the burner tube and the
velocity is sufficient to carry even larger density of oil particles exceeds density of air
droplets to travel through air for longer time particles at this region. Because of this reason the
than small droplets before being burned up accumulation of oil particles is more and they don’t
and spray angle of nozzle is too small for get sufficient time, turbulence to undergo complete
this pressure which is also a reason for combustion. Partial combustion takes place at this
maximum length of flame with no jet, half region and rest of the combustion will takes place in
and full jet. upstream of the flame because initially viscosity of
Table 4 shows the details of results. As the oil is more and turbulent energy is not enough to mix
pressure is increased in parallel velocity of air is air and oil. Even though the reaction is partial the
increased more than the optimum level and temperature ranges from 9500C to 11000C because
hence the number of air particles increases there are many exothermic reactions. As the
which takes off the oil drops without letting combustion enhances the particles becomes lighter
References
[1] Frank Hsia-San Shu, Global Change and the
Energy Crisis. University of California, San
Diego, 2008, 1-41