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Standard Terminology of
Coal and Coke1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D121; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
inherent impurity, n—the inorganic material in coal that is cutinite, n—a liptinite maceral in the form of a sheet
structurally part of the coal and cannot be separated from it reflecting its origin from leaf- or twig-covering plant cuticle,
by coal preparation methods. D2234/D2234M frequently exhibiting reticulation in planar section and a
serrated edge in cross section.
inherent moisture—See inherent moisture under moisture. exinite—Deprecated term. Use preferred term liptinite;
initial deformation temperature (IT), n—in reference to the sometimes has also been used as a synonym for sporinite.
fusibility of coal and coke ash according to Test Method
D1857, the temperature at which the first rounding of the fusinite, n—an inertinite maceral distinguished principally
apex of the cone occurs. Shrinkage or warping of the cone is by the preservation of some feature(s) of the plant cell wall
ignored if the tip remains sharp. structure, and with a particle size greater than 50 µm except
when it occurs as a fragment within the binder matrix; see also
isoperibol, adj—a term used in combustion calorimetry mean- semifusinite.
ing constant temperature jacket (environment). funginite, n—an inertinite maceral occurring as round or
isotropic phase, n—as used in Test Method D5061, a binder- ovoid bodies, frequently containing voids, reflecting an origin
phase carbon texture that exhibits optical properties that are from fungal sclerotia; also occurs (especially in lower rank
the same in all directions when viewed with an optical coals) as interlaced, stringy materials derived from fungal
microscope having mutually exclusive polarized light, for hyphae.
example, crossed nicols. D5061 inertinite, n—macerals that exhibit higher reflectance than
other organic substances in the coal.
laboratory sample—See laboratory sample under sample. DISCUSSION—In any coal ranked lower than anthracitic, inertinite
lenticular anisotropic phase, n—as used in Test Method reflectance commonly spans the range from only slightly higher than
D5061, a group of binder-phase anisotropic carbon textures associated vitrinite to very high reflectance (often as high as Ro > 6 %).
distinguished by their lens-shaped domains (that is, length In anthracitic rank coals, inertinite reflectance may be lower than that
Anthracitic meta-anthracite
anthracite
semianthracite
Lignitic lignite A
lignite B
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