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A talk / lecture by
Stavros Didakis (PhDc, MA, BSc)
sdidakis@gmail.com
www.stav-didakis@blogspot.com
www.soniconlab.com
Sound
Theory
Sound...
1.
Consists
a
natural
energy,
which
can
be
measured
(acous:c
energy)
2.
Is
transmi>ed
in
sine
waves
3.
Is
transmi>ed
faster
in
solid
objects,
then
in
liquids,
and
in
air.
Sound
Theory
From the impact with an object (i.e. drum) a sound wave is created.
Acous:c
energy
consists
of
pressure
waves
that
travel
through
air
but
also
through
other
liquid
and
solid
materials
(except
space/air
void).
Sound
Theory
Sound
Parameters
Amplitude
(α)
The
maximum
devia:ons
or
aberra:ons
(the
highest
points)
either
posi:ve
or
nega:ve
above
and
below
the
zero
line
at
a
par:cular
:me,
is
called
range
or
amplitude
of
a
sound
wave
and
is
measured
in
decibels
(dB).
Sound
Theory
Sound
Parameters
Frequency
(f)
The
number
of
cycles
performed
during
one
second
from
the
vibra:ons
of
a
sound
source
is
called
wave
frequency,
and
is
measure
in
Hertz
(Hz).
Sound
Theory
Sound
Parameters
Speed/Velocity
(C)
Sound
speed
is
affected
by
temperature,
air
density,
wind
speed,
humidity,
and
is
measured
in
meters
per
second
(m/sec)
At
sea
level
with
20
Celsius
degrees,
the
sound
velocity
is
calculated
to
be
more
or
less
sta:c
at:
340
meters
per
second
Sound
Theory
Sound
Parameters
(4)
Wave
length
(λ)
Is
the
distance
between
corresponding
points
in
adjacent
circles,
and
it
is
measured
in
meters
(m).
The
lower
the
frequency,
the
bigger
the
wave
length
is.
The
higher
the
frequency,
the
shorter
the
wave
length
is.
Sound
Theory
Analogue
Sound
1 2 3 4
Thus,
if
our
signal
has
a
maximum
frequency
of
20,000
Hertz
(20kHz),
then
the
sampling
rate
has
to
have
at
least
40,000
Hertz
(40
kHz).
Alterna:vely
“fake”
frequencies
appear
in
the
digital
sound,
also
known
as
alias
frequencies
that
affect
the
result.
Sound
Theory
Digital
Sound
Quan?za?on
Quan:za:on
is
a
digital
process
that
tries
to
match
as
close
as
possible
the
amplitude
of
the
analogue
signal
(decibels)
in
digital
samples.
This
process
is
done
with
the
use
of
binary
digit
rates.
The
higher
the
bit
rate,
the
more
accurate
is
the
reconstruc:on
of
the
original
signal.
Bit
Rates:
2^2
/
2^4
/
2^8
/
2^16
/
2^24
/
Sound
Theory
Digital
Sound
Sampling
Rates
&
Bit
Depth
Standards
sdidakis@gmail.com
www.stav-didakis@blogspot.com
www.soniconlab.com