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The Relation of Mothers’ Nutritional Status and Primary Teeth Dental Caries
Institution
Logo IWANY a
AMALLIAH , MUTHIA a
KHANSA , ANTON RAHARDJOa and RISQA RINA DARWITAa
aDepartment of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia
Correspondence: muthiakhansaa@gmail.com
Dental Caries PR p
(95%) value
Present Free Total
Mother’s nutritional 1.85 .001
status 55(85.9) 9(14.1) 64(100) (1.5-2.2)
Undernourished 100(46.1) 117(53.9) 217(100)
Normal
RESULTS
281 out of 335 mother-child pairs were entered for analysis.
1. The children’ average age was 30 months and the mothers’
average was 30.4 years (Table 1). 90
2. Social background of the mothers’ were mostly moderate level on 85.9%
80
education (61.2%) and did not work (88.5%) (Table 1).
Mother's
3. The prevalence of mothers and children with poor nutritional 70 Nutritional
status were 22.8% and 28.1% (Table 2). Status during
4. Mean of maternal mid upper arm circumference considered 60 Pregnancy:
Prevalence (%)
normal (25.3 cm ± 2.9 cm) and mean of z-score height / age was 53.9% Undernourished
50
-1.16 (SD 1.9), which was also considered normal (Table 2). 46.1%
5. More than half of the children had dental caries (55.2%), with 40
average value of decay was 2, ranged from 0-20 teeth (Table 2). Normal
6. There was significant difference for dental caries in primary 30
dentition between mothers’ with poor and good nutritional status
20
(p < .001) (Table 3).
7. The proportion of children with primary dental caries whose 14.1%
10
mothers had poor maternal nutritional status compared to the
children whose mothers had good nutritional status was 85.9% to 0
Present Dental Caries Free Dental Caries
46.1% (Figure 3). Caries Conditions
8. Mothers’ poor nutritional status had risk of their children getting
caries 1.85 (95% CI: 1.5-2.2) times higher than those with good Figure 3. Relation of mothers’ nutritional status and child’s dental caries
nutritional status (Table 3).
DISCUSSION
The mothers’ nutrition intake during pregnancy can effect the teeth growth process in the period of fetal growth because primary teeth
begim to form at 4th week of fetal growth and start the mineralization process at 12th week. This phase is a critical period because the
matrix apposition process of constructing structure of the primary teeth’s hard tissue is occurred.
This study in Beji and Tanah Baru Sub-districted showed the result. The significant relation between mother’s nutritional status in
pregnancy and her child’s dental caries was very strong.
Macronutrient and micronutrient have important role for primary teeth calcification. Vitamin A deficiency can affect the activity of
ameloblast cells in forming dental and email. Vitamin D is known to play role in regulation of metabolism of calcium and phosphorus that
is essential for the teeth. Deficiency of protein and calorie during pregnancy can cause salivary gland dysfunction and enamel hypoplasia
that can lead to caries.