ISGF Technology Session

Improving System Reliability through

Automating Rural Feeders and
Substations

Amit Sharma
27th April 2012
Automatic Circuit Reclosers and Sectionalizers

Amit Sharma
24th Nov 2011
Overhead Faults
● 60% - 70% of faults are of a transient (temporary) nature:

• Conductors clashing in the wind

• Tree branches falling on overhead conductors

• Animals or birds getting curious

• Lightning strikes
 An “auto-reclose” cycle should clear the fault

• Some are more permanent:

• Careless motor vehicle drivers
• Operating error : leaving earths connected etc
 “lock out” of the section

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What is a Recloser ?

● A Recloser is a protection device:

● For overhead power lines
● It is a circuit breaker with more arduous
test & install conditions
● Designed to RECLOSE on to a fault.
● Terminology
● The “auto-reclose” cycle
●Will detect a fault and open for a pre-programmed time,
before closing again automatically
●This cycle can be repeated 3 times
●Lockout typically on the fourth trip

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What is a Sectionaliser ?
● A Sectionaliser is a switch:
● It is used in conjunction with an upstream “recloser” or “circuit breaker”
● It counts the interruption created by a recloser during a fault sequence.

● On a preset count
●trips during the dead time of the up stream recloser
●Isolates a faulty network section

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Benefit to the Customer
● Improved reliability of power supply
● Quality of supply
● Automatic recloser function - supply restoration after temporary faults
● Reduced outage time
● Minimise revenue loss
● Event Log and Remote control
● Reduce cost of fault finding
● Better knowledge of the network
● Reduction in the number of customer complaints

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MV NETWORK
MANAGEMENT
- why improve MV distribution?

● To obtain the best possible power

quality

The main issue is to reduce

outage time and cost to the utility
and its customers

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- how can outage time be reduced?

● By improving ● By improving the MV

MV networks: networks management:

 Large number of short  With Fault Passage

sections Indicators (FPI’s)
 Redundant networks  Or with remote
 Reliable components… controlled load break
switches
 Or with fully automated
reclosers and
sectionalizers

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- different types of devices

R
R2

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- overhead networks: types of faults
● Temporary ● Permanent
faults faults

80% 20%

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- temporary faults

● Temporary faults can be cleared by the

use of Automatic Circuit Reclosers
(ACRs)

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- temporary fault: one recloser

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- temporary fault: one recloser
15
O s

100%

Time

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- temporary fault: one recloser
15 15
O s s

100%

Time

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- temporary fault: one recloser
15 15
O s s

100%

Time

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- temporary fault: one recloser
15 15 15
O s s s

100%

Time

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- temporary fault: one recloser
15 15 15
O s s s

100%

Time
2
mn

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- temporary fault: TWO reclosers

R1
R2

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- temporary fault: TWO reclosers

R1
Network A- R2 Network B-
50%
50%

Network
B

Time

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- permanent faults

Permanent faults cannot be cleared by

automatic reclosing

To manage “permanent faults”, the

best solution is to add some
“sectionalizers”

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- case 1: no network automation
Permanent fault

100%

5H – 6H

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- case 1: no network automation
Permanent fault

100% 95%

5H – 6H

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- case 2: addition of non-communicating fault
passage indicators (FPI)
An FPI for each branch of the network

Add an FPI around

each major
«obstacle»…

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- case 3: addition of communicating FPIs

Put several
communicating
FPIs in strategic
locations

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- case 4: addition of communicating FPIs and remote
controlled load break switches

T T
R
T
T

T remote controlled load break

switches
Communicating FPI

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- case 5: recloser and sectionalizer load break
switches

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 - case 5: recloser and
sectionalizer load break switches

Sectionaliser load break switches are

always associated with a recloser or circuit
breaker:

● S1 = opens after ONE reclosing

operation
● S2 = opens after TWO reclosing
operations
● S3 = opens after THREE reclosing
operations
● S4 = opens after FOUR reclosing
operations
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- case 5: recloser and
sectionalizer load break switches Permanent fault

S3

S4 S3 1 S2

R 1 1 S2

S1

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- case 5: recloser and
sectionalizer load break switches Permanent fault

S3

S4 S3 2 S2

R 2 2 S2

S1

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- case 5: recloser and
sectionalizer load break switches Permanent fault

S3

S4 S3 2 S2

R 2 2 S2

S1

2’

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- case 5: recloser and
sectionalizer load break switches Permanent fault

S3

S4 S3 S2

R S2

S1

95
75 %
%

2’ 60’

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 - summary of overhead networks 1/2
Permanent fault
95%

Case 1
A recloser
6h

95%
Case 2
A recloser
+ FPIs
3h
95%
Case 3
A recloser
+ FPI with Com
1h30

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 - summary of overhead networks 2/2
Permanent fault

95%
Case 4: A recloser, 70 %

remote controlled
switches
10 1
and FPI with Com ’ h

95%
Case 5 75 %

A recloser
and sectionalizers
2’ 1
h

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SAIDI/SAIFI variations – Quality Power

● SAIDI (System Average Interruption Duration Index) can vary from a

few minutes to several hours,
● SAIFI (System Average Interruption Frequency Index) can vary from
1 to 10 and more, depending on :
● population density (rural or urban area)
● proportion between underground and overhead distribution
● maximum accepted costs for non distributed energy

Excellent Average Poor

Urban area < 10 mn 30 mn >2 hrs
Rural area < 30 mn 2 hrs >10 hrs

Permanent Interruptions (>1 mn)

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 33/11 KV Unmanned Remote
Controlled S/s

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Compact, Unmanned, Remote controlled 33/11 KV S/s with
2 transformers each up to 10 MVA.

● Half space than a conventional s/s.

● Economic as very less civil work.
● Saving in execution time and costly land in urban areas app.
● Remote regular maintenance.
● CB,Current & Voltage sensors are life sealed ,insensitive to the environment.
● All types of protection OC,EF,UV,OV,OF,UF,DF, measurement
KW,KWH,KVArH, data logging and event recording & self diagnostic facility
helps to analyze the system and energy consumption.
● Delivers quality power.
● Automatic callout to the remote control station in case of predefined critical
alarms.
● Communication with the remote central control station using GPRS Network
or other media like GSM, 3G, PSTN, Leased Lines, Radio, VSAT etc. using
established and field proven IEC 60870-5-104. Scalable to SCADA.
● Sub-station will have a unique aesthetic view in a crowded city.

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33/11 KV
unmanned
Remote
controlled s/s
within
25Mx15M
space

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33/11 KV s/s at Judges Filed Guwahati with 2 Nos. 5 MVA
Transformers.

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33/11 KV S/s at Kamakhya, Guwahati
with 2x5MVA Trfr.

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 Unmanned 33/11 KV , 10 MVA s/s at Nalagarh, HP

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 Pole mounted 11 KV Breakers/AR ( Sub station Application)

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 Channel Mounted 33 KV Breakers (SS Aplication)

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 Typical layout of 33/11 KV s/s with 2 Nos. 5 MVA Trfr.

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 Architecture – GPRS
Control Center

Remote Access
14 ” LCD to maintenance
staff

14 ” LCD
ADSL Line

M2M
Gateway ADSL Line

GPRS Cloud

Substation # 1 Future Substations (up to 30 nos.)

1 2 3 4 n

Br eake r Br eake r Br eake r Br eake r Br eake r

C ontrol C ontrol C ontrol C ontrol C ontrol
C ubic le C ubic le C ubic le C ubic le C ubic le

RS 23 2 RS 23 2 RS 23 2 RS 23 2 RS 23 2
or Nule c D ir ect Nule c D ir ect Nule c D ir ect Nule c D ir ect
Ethernet Port Protoc ol Protoc ol Protoc ol Protoc ol

Rs232 to
Ethernet
Converters
(If required)

Ethernet Switch Ethernet Switch

SEPAM
T-87 Leased Line
Leased Line
CAT 5

CAT 5
Energy
Meters RS 485 (Modbus)

Twisted Pair Cu GPRS Router

GPRS Router
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 Architecture – ASEB (Judge’s Field S/S)

SMS
WSOS or
3rd party SCADA

Protocol Gateway
Two way with Dynamic IPs Nulec Direct TCP/Modbus

Service provider independent VPN

Data encryption GPRS M2M Gateway
Firewall Leased Line with Static IP

VPN Tunnel
Scalable to any third party SCADA

GPRS VPN Tunnel

using Remote Moblie VPN
(DHBVN’s Scope)

Judge’s Field S/S

Judge’s Field S/S

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33KV Remote controlled VCB- substation application

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33KV substation and feeder breaker

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33 KV breaker in 33/11 KV S/S with 33/11 KV transformer

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 33KV outdoor VCB Breaker in Pandav-Nagar ( Delhi)

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33KV Pole Mounted Breaker protecting a 10 MVA 33/11 KV
Transformer

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Make the most
of your energy™

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 Thank You!!

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