JF608 :

Quality Control

Prepared by :
Zainal Abidin bin Ab Kasim
Noor Hapizah binti Abdullah

Topic 2 : Basic Quality Concept

Employees Organizations

Customers

Suppliers
Society
 Pride in products and
Product quality services
Job satisfaction

Process quality Improved communications

Streamlined work processes

Happier customers
Customer satisfaction Strong customer
relationships

Profit Greater job security/benefits

 Market
Share
Quality Profit

Cost

Organizations
Quality results in:
Increased choices.
Improved goods and
services.
Expectations met or
exceeded.
Achievement of performance requirements

Streamlined processes

Efficient communication

Increased customer satisfaction

Economic growth and
stability

Increased employment
opportunities

Product safety
ZeroDefects is a standard of
performance management that
adopts the attitude of defect
prevention, to DoItRightTheFirstTime.
Manufacturing Sales
Customer
Department Department
External Customer :
Person or organization that (buys)
receives the product or service.
Example ?

Internal Customer :
Employee or department that
receives the output.
Example ?
Many definitions

No perfect definition

Usually it is very clear

when quality is missing
Quality control is the operational techniques and
activities that are used to fulfill requirements for
quality.
Involves integrating the following related
techniques and activities :
i. Specifications of what is needed
ii. Design of the product
iii. Production or installation
iv. Inspection to determine conformance to
specifications
v. Review of usage to provide information for the
revision of specifications if needed
The basic goal of quality control is to ensure
that the products, services, or processes
provided meet specific requirements and are
dependable, satisfactory, and
fiscally(money-wise) sound.
Quality Assurance

All those planned and systematic activities

implemented to provide adequate confidence
that an entity will fulfill requirements for
quality
 Quality Quality
Control (QC) Assurance (QA)
Product Process

Line function Staff function

Find defects Prevent defects

Reactive Proactive
 Quality Quality
Control (QC) Assurance (QA)
Testing Defining Process
Inspection Auditing Process
Product Checkpoints Training
SPC Information Systems
QA Develops Plans To Ensure Quality For The
Overall Organizational System
QC Inspects And Reports
The Same As Finance (QA) And Accounting (QC)
TQM may be defined as managing the entire
organization so that it excels on all dimensions
of products and services that are important to
the customer.
View all work as process – production and
business
Process – purchasing, design, invoicing, etc.
Inputs – PROCESS – outputs
Process improvement – increased customer
satisfaction
Improvement – 5 ways; Reduce resources,
Reduce errors, Meet expectations of
downstream customers, Make process safer,
make process more satisfying to the person
doing
Inputs – processing – outputs
feedback

Process Outputs
Work methods Products
Input
Procedures
Materials Delivered service
Tools
Info, Data In-process jobs –
Production – Cutting,
People Welding, etc. forms signed,
drawing completed
Money Bank –
deposit/withdrawal Others
process,
Kad Pintar Application Also by-products,
Process at NRD wastes

Conditions
Receiving inspection
In-process inspection
Final inspection
Spot check procedures
100 percent inspection
Acceptance sampling
Customer demand
Increase productivity
Reduce Waste
Leverage for Procuring new contracts
Greater confidence of defect free supply
Management information aiding quality and
production processes
i. Provides an assessment of risk
ii. Inexpensive and suited for
destructive testing
iii. Requires less time than other
approaches
iv. Requires less handling
v. Reduces inspector fatigue
Is the inspection done during production or
manufacturing process occurs.

What to inspect?
Key quality characteristics that are related to
cost or quality (customer requirements)
Where to inspect?
Key processes, especially high-cost and value-
added
How much to inspect?
All, nothing, or a sample
1. Statistical Process
Control (SPC)
Control charts are
used for process
monitoring and
variability
reduction.
SPC is an on-line
quality control tool.
Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 4th Edition
2. Acceptance Sampling
Acceptance sampling is the inspection
and classification of a sample of the
product selected at random from a larger
batch or lot and the ultimate decision
about disposition of the lot.
Two types:
1. Outgoing inspection - follows production
2. Incoming inspection - before use in
production
 Lot received for inspection

Sample selected and analyzed

Results compared with acceptance criteria

Accept the lot Reject the lot

Send to production Decide on disposition

or to customer