Two Pump Wagon

1
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

College of Engineering and Industrial Technology
Chapter I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTNGS
Introduction
Energy is the most basic and essential of all resources. In the present
scenario there is a worldwide crisis in terms of power generation, due to limited
non-renewable resources such as petroleum. To cope up with this problem,
renewable energy is the answer. Renewable energy has a big contribution in
terms of harnessing electrical energy and it is the cleanest source of energy.
Renewable energy resources exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast to
other energy resources, which are concentrated in a limited number of
countries. Rapid deployment of renewable energy and energy efficiency is
resulting in significant energy security, climate change mitigation and economic
benefits. In international public opinion surveys, there is strong support for
promoting renewable sources such as solar power and wind power.
The motion from everyday tasks can provide low-cost electricity for
lighting and other appliances in rural households. The uses of energy have
evolved as humans have changed patterns of energy consumption. Although
renewable resources such as wind, water, and biomass were the first sources
of energy tapped to provide heat, light, and usable power, it was the energy
2
stored in fossil fuels and alternative energy sources are available free of cost
and do not tax the environment for their usage. The use of fossil fuels and other
non-reusable sources of energy must be reduced in order to keep emissions
low and alleviate the use of diminishing resources.
Researches revealed that there have been versions of human pump
powered generation applied towards electronics and electrical systems. The
human-powered generator can be operated if there is no sun for solar
generations, and no wind for wind generation. The electricity that was produced
was free of cost, ecologically friendlier and can be used for local use.
Incorporating electricity generation into the daily routine can reduce the
time, effort, and cost burden of the user. We feel that harnessing daily tasks to
provide electricity is more acceptable than isolated stationary human power
generation because people who have already worked all day may not want to
work again to power a light at night. There are many possible motions for
electricity generation, such as using a hand operated pump wagon for mining
minerals that use in mining.
Objectives:
This project study aims the following:
1. To produce alternative source from human powered generator.

3
2. To construct circuit that automatically delivers energy stored in battery
when the hand operated pump wagon start to move.
Conceptual Framework
In this study, the material and device used where hand car pump trolley,
gears, cranks, rotating shaft, DC generator, rectifier, battery, and Inverter.
The Pumping Power utilizes kinetic energy primarily from upper body
strength to operate a lever arm, as seen in a railroad hand pump trolley, to
produced electrical energy. The lever arm drives a bar connected to the lower
portion of a trolley. The rear wheel gear has two chains connected to it. The
first attached from the second wheel gear to the rear gear, and the second is
attached from the rear gear to the generator. The generator is mounted to the
base structure of the trolley. From the generator charge controllers, along with
a blocking diode, are then connected to a battery and final the power inverter
that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC).
In figure 1. Research paradigm illustrates the system flow of project
study of generating electrical energy from hand operated pump wagon
which produce an alternative source of energy. This will serve as a
guideline of the process that the researcher will follow.

4
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 pr Operated
Hand  Planning
Pump Wagon  Research of the
 Gear project
Mechanism  Gathering of
 Crank and Shaft Information  Generating
Rotator  Project Design Electrical
 Chains of the Prototype Energy from
 Permanent  Canvassing / Hand Operated
Magnet DC Purchasing of Pump Wagon
Generator materials
 Rectifier  Construction
 Battery
 Inverter
 Outlet
Figure 1. Research Paradigm.
First is the INPUT, at this part, hand operated pump wagon and different
components and devices to be install are being presented. This factors as the
study are conducting and provide the best way in methodology. Second is the
PROCESS, these include planning, research of the project, gathering of
information, project design of the prototype, canvassing/ purchasing of
materials and construction of the prototype. Researcher gives a systematic way
to create this project at this part. Lastly is the OUTPUT, stated the hand
5
operated pump wagon will innovate and generate electricity by using of human
power. All the data involved to produce such project is finalized.
Statement of the Problem
The main objective of this study is to create a human powered generator
that produces energy in innovative way from mechanical to electrical energy
that may be operated by people of most ages and capabilities.
Specifically, it will seek answer to the following objectives:
1. To build a prototype that would serve as an alternative source of the
electricity.
2. To find the appropriate gears and generator to be used to build the
prototype.
3. To determine how much electricity can this project produce and stored in
the battery.
4. To determine what environmental impacts and emissions displaced by
the generated energy.
Significance of the Study
The results of the study of Generating Electrical Energy from Hand
Operated Pump Wagon will be a great benefit to the following:

6
ENVIRONMENT. This help to reduce the pollution in order to keep
emissions low and alleviate the use of diminishing resources
STUDENTS. Engineering students can use this project study to
understand how mechanical energy converted into electrical power and also
the result will provide the students with some knowledge on the human
powered generator to their further studies of alternative source of energy.
RESEARCHER. This study will be an effective tool and reference for the
researcher who would intend to take any further relevant study regarding the
topic.
Scope and Limitation of the study
This project study focus on producing electricity from the modified handcar
pump trolley. Handcar Pump Trolley Is a railroad car powered by its
passengers with a typical design consists of an arm, called the walking beam,
that pivots, seesaw-like, on a base, which the operator alternately push down
and pull up to move the car and modified to produce electricity base on the
upper body of the operator. But this study mainly focused in charging devices
such as cell phone, LED Lighting fixtures and other gadgets with low voltage
requirements.
7
The prototype is designed to produce alternative source of energy and
the same time to save electricity consumption. This Idea was to modify the
handcar pump trolley, specifically the pumping power from the upper body.
The researchers limit the source of human energy by creating a hand
operated pump wagon to which the Permanent Magnet DC Generator will be
installed.
Delimitations
1. This project may be used in modifying the HAND OPERATED PUMP
WAGON but with respect to the design and its specification, The
researchers will only modify the materials to be used particularly the
design of it, to make it more suitable to a general group of people, what
the researchers meant is that it will be easy to use even to those who are
not really into bodybuilding sphere.
2. The researchers only focuses to power up household lightbulbs, and other
typical small appliances where its requirements will suit our designated
supply.
8
3. This project study also requires maintenance in order to prevent
malfunctions, defects, or damages. Lubrication and greasing up of the
gears and just a general cleaning will do as this Machine does not require
any special maintenance or treatment.
Definitions of Terms
The following terms are
defined operationally as used in this particular project research.
Alternating Current (AC) describes the flow of charge that changes
direction periodically.
Battery a container consisting of one or more cells, in which chemical
energy is converted into electricity and used as a source of power.
Charge Controller limits the rate at which electric current is added to or
drawn from electric batteries.
Crank Shaft a revolving rod that transmits power or motion\
Direct Current (DC) it is the unidirectional flow of electric charge
Gears is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh
with another toothed part to transmit torque. Geared devices can change the
speed, torque, and direction of a power source

9
Generator is a device that converts motive power (mechanical energy)
into electrical power for use in an external circuit.
Handcar Pump Trolley a typical design consists of an arm, called the
walking beam, that pivots, seesaw-like, on a base, which the passengers
alternately push down and pull up to move the car.
Power Inverter is an electronic device that changes DC to AC..
Wagon a wagon is a heavy four-wheeled vehicle pulled by draught
animals or on occasion by humans, used for transporting goods,
commodities, agricultural materials supplies and sometimes people.

10
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY
This study includes some reviews of related foreign and local literatures
or articles written and studies done by other researcher to further give the
reader broader information about the project study generating electrical energy
from hand operated pump wagon.
Conceptual and Research Literature
Hand operated pump wagon.
The history of the hand pump goes back hundreds of years. Our
inspiration for improvement comes from the generations of engineers and
inventors who have set out to design and build a better hand pump. This time
tested design does not require fuel or electricity (only your own). Sludge Sucker
hand pumps use manual diaphragm pump technology to help with pumping out
man holes, public works applications, telecommunications companies, the
marine industry and emergency dewatering applications everywhere.

11
The hand was a railroad car or in a rough road powered by its
passengers or passenger. Typically consist of hand operated design with an
arm, called the walking beam, that pivots seesaw-like on a base, which the
passengers alternately push down and pull up to move the cars wheels. This
research is same as the principle of trolley.
According to Mason C. (2011).The handcar has a brake that is activated
by a foot pedal. The brake was made of wood, though to increase its stopping
ability it was often covered with a leather pad. It use to stop the handcar from
its motion.
Generator
In 1831, scientist Michael Faraday discovered that when a magnet is
moved inside a coil of wire, an electric current flows in the wire. An electricity
generator is a device that converts a form of energy into electricity. Generators
operate because of the relationship between magnetism and electricity.
Generators that convert kinetic (mechanical) energy into electrical energy
produce nearly all of the electricity that consumers use.
According to Daware K. (n.d). A dc generator is an electrical machine
which converts mechanical energy into direct current electricity. This energy
conversion is based on the principle of production of dynamically induced emf.

12
According to Fitzgerald et al (n.d). DC generators have a simple solution
to the problem of converting mechanical energy to electric energy in DC form,
although AC generators feeding rectifier systems are certainly an option which
must be considered. Among the DC generators themselves, separately-excited
and cumulatively-compounded, self-excited machines are the most common.
This is related to the present study because a generator was used to produce
electricity in the design of the project. The concept was converted into energy
through a generator was important in this study.
Internal Combustion Engines
Such as diesel engines, are also used to produce mechanical energy to
operate electricity generators. Diesel-engine generators are used in many
remote villages in Alaska and are widely used for power supply at construction
sites and for emergency or backup power supply for buildings and power
plants. Diesel-engine generators can use a variety of fuels including petroleum
diesel, biodiesel, natural gas, biogas, and propane. Small internal combustion
engine generators fueled with gasoline, natural gas, or propane are commonly
used by construction crews and tradespeople and for emergency power supply
for homes.
Energy Storage
13
According to Ter-Gazarian. (1994). A battery is a device that can store energy
in a chemical form and then convert it into electrical energy when needed.
There were two fundamental types of chemical storage 6 batteries:
The rechargeable or secondary cell, and the non-rechargeable, or primary cell.
In terms of storing energy or electricity, they are similar. The battery is
comprised of at least one, but possibly many such cells appropriately
connected and these cells are where the actual action storage and discharged
took place. All electrochemical cells consist of two electrodes separated by
some distance. The space between the electrodes is filled with an electrolyte
which is an ionic liquid that conducts electricity. One electrode is the anode and
it permits electrons to flow out of it. The other electrode is the cathode which
receives the electrodes. The energy is stored in the particular compounds that
make up the anode, cathode and the electrolyte such as zinc, copper, and
SO4, respectively. Series and parallel connections of batteries were the options
to increase the Ampere-Hour capacity or voltage and even both in accordance
to what was needed. Ampere-Hours are normally used to indicate the amount
of energy a storage battery can deliver.

14
Principle of Hand powered generator
The mechanics of hand-powered generators are not too complicated.
They work like other generators, except the initial energy is provided by your
arm rather than from steam by burning coal or a flowing river. A generator is
basically an electric motor working in reverse. Both are based on principles of
magnetism discovered by physicist Michael Faraday.
Faraday discovered in 1831 that passing a conductive wire through a
magnetic field produced an electric current in the wire. By spinning a coil of
wire around a magnet, he found that he could create a steady current. Thus,
he could convert energy used to spin the coil into electrical energy. This
principle powers generators that run on gasoline or diesel fuel, as well as the
massive turbines in modern power plants, where the coils are turned by falling
water or steam generated by burning coal or igniting nuclear reactions.
According to Creager et al. (2012).as the same principle of finished
product of the Lever Arm Generator is can be used in two ways. First, small
appliances can be directly hooked into the female end of the cable connected
to the generator thus powering each item individually. Second, the Lever Arm
Generator can be used to charge a battery to store power for later use. Proper
usage of the Lever Arm Generator can be achieved by one or two people by
stationing themselves adjacent to the lever bar and applying an up and down
15
force on the lever bar. The lever bar’s motion causes the bike portion of the
generator to begin rotating due to the connecting shaft between the two
components. As the pedal gear rotates, the wheel connected to the rear gear
spins causing the belt attached to both the generator and the tire of the wheel
to produce power.
According to Creager et al. (2012) ThePump’n Power utilizes kinetic
energy primarily from upper body strength to operate a lever arm, as seen in a
railroad hand pump trolley, to produce electrical energy. It will applied to the
new study which the mechanical converts into electrical energy.
Synthesis of the study
Based from the previous work of the related literature and studies
wherein the basic principle of the concept and ideas are adopted regarding to
the construction and application of the hand operated pump wagon and
generator were summarized and collect to easily visualize mentally the project
study. All the details in the related studies were analyzed carefully to and set as
the basis of the methods to be used to construct the prototype and make the
system work.
16
The data gather for existing applications of some published and patented
project were also examined. Also the problems that might occur during testing
are observed to avoid complications.
CHAPTER III
METHODS AND PROCEDURE
This chapter presents the research methodology was made to
determine the methods and procedures to a better conceive. It shows
the methods and step by step procedures on how this project will be
worked.
METHODS
Planning
The proponents talk over the nature of the project and note the
ideas that will be used for the project. Methods that will be used
17
throughout the creation of the project are listed and all possible output
is discussed.
Research of the Project
To know the nature of Hand Operated Pump Wagon, the proponent
made a research on different books, articles, and websites. The Factors that
will affect the project such as the availability of the materials, applications,
existence of the related project, and the operation of the complete system
are considered.
Gathering of the Information
Different studies and literature that is related to the creation of the
project are cited and studied. Through reading and internet surfing, all
information essentials to the project are analyzed.
Project Designing
After understanding the operation, the physical structure of the
components of the project including the dimensions and the general
design is plotted.
18
Figure 2. Prototype
Canvassing / Purchasing of Materials
After designing, canvassing and purchasing of all the materials and
devices to be used in the creation of the project is done. Specifications
and prices are the main consideration in choosing the right materials.
List of Materials
 Hand Operated Wagon

19
Figure 3. Wagon
A wagon (also alternatively and archaically spelt waggon in British
and Commonwealth English) is a heavy four-wheeled vehicle pulled by
draught animals or on occasion by humans (see below), used
for transporting goods, commodities, agricultural materials, supplies and
sometimes people.
Wagons are immediately distinguished from carts (which have
two wheels) and from lighter four-wheeled vehicles primarily for carrying
people, such as carriages. Wagons are usually pulled by animals such
as horses, mules or oxen. They may be pulled by one animal or by
several, often in pairs or teams. However, there are examples of human-
propelled wagons, such as mining corfs.

20
 Chains
Figure 4. Chains
Used for transmission of mechanical power on many kinds of
industrial and agricultural machinery. It consists of a series of short
cylindrical rollers held together by side links. It is driven by a toothed
wheel called a sprocket. It is a simple, reliable, and efficient means of
power transmission
 Connecting Wires
21
Figure 5. Connecting wires
A wire is a single, usually cylindrical, flexible strand or rod of
metal. Wires are used to bear mechanical loads or electricity and
telecommunications signals. Wire is commonly formed by drawing the
metal through a hole in a die or draw plate. Wire gauges come in various
standard sizes, as expressed in terms of a gauge number. The term wire
is also used more loosely to refer to a bundle of such strands, as in
"multistranded wire", which is more correctly termed a wire rope in
mechanics, or a cable in electricity.
 DC Generator
Figure 6. Permanent Magnet DC Generator
Permanent Magnet DC Generator was used in this design. Since
the generator can handle output current of 7.5A, operating continuously,
it can provide power of 96 to 118.5 W to charge the system battery.

22
 Gear
Figure 7. Gear
A rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with
another toothed part to transmit torque. Geared devices can change the
speed, torque, and direction of a power source.
 Battery
Figure 8. 12V Rechargeable Battery
Is a type of electrical battery which can be charged,
discharged into a load, and recharged many times, as opposed to a

23
disposable or primary battery, which is supplied fully charged and
discarded after use. It is composed of one or more electrochemical
cells.
 Charge Controller
Figure 9. Charge Controller
Limits the rate at which electric current is added to or drawn from
electric batteries. It prevents overcharging and may protect
against overvoltage, which can reduce battery performance or lifespan,
and may pose a safety risk.
 Inverter
24
Figure 10. Power Inverter
Is an electronic device or circuitry that changesdirect
current(DC) toalternating current(AC).
 OUTLET
Figure 11. Outlet
A point on a wiring system at which current is taken to supply
electric devices.
Handcar Pump Trolley Screw Drivers
Gears Pliers
Chain Screws
25
DC Generator Bolts and Nuts
Connecting Wires Soldering Iron and Leads
Battery Multi-Tester
Charge Controller Socket – Outlet
Power Inverter
Table 1. List of Materials, Tools and Equipment’s
In table 1. It shows the List of Materials, Tools and Equipment’s
that needed in this project. It indicates what type will be use.
Table 2. Price of the Components
Description Quantity Unit Price Total
Price
Hand Operated 1pc 8,000 8,000
Wagon
Chains 1pc 200 200

26
Generator 1pc 2,100 2,100
Gears 2pcs 150 300
Connecting 5m 50 250
Wires
Rechargeable 2pcS 800 1,600
Battery 12V
Inverter 1pc 1,500 1,500
Bolts and Nuts 30pcs 15 450
Charge 1pc 1,250 1,250
Controller
Total15,650
In table 2. Shows the Description, quantity, price of
components and summation of the price of component.
Procedure
The construction of this project is slightly difficult to assemble. The
materials that the researcher used are very light and affordable. The
procedures of this study are as follows:

27
1. Prepare all the tools, equipment’s and materials as
mentioned in the list above. Be sure that all the materials are in good
conditions and tested.
2. After preparing the materials that need to
use. Assemble the chain to the gear mechanism of Hand Operated
Pump Wagon to the cogwheels of PMDC Generator
3. After that connect two terminals output of the PMDC
Generator put the two connecting wires through the input terminals
of the battery.
4.After done to connect wire in battery put another wire to the
battery and connect the two output terminals through the input
terminals of charge controller.
5.Next, put another two connecting wires in the charge
controller and connect the output terminals through the
input terminals of inverter.
6. Last, after putting a pair of connection in the input terminals
of inverter, put again another two connecting wires between the
output terminals of inverter to the input terminals of the outlet where

28
the socket is intact. That process will produce an output of 220V to
the socket.
Block Diagram of the Prototype
PM DC 24V
PUMP Generator Rechargeable
Battery
220V AC 24V DC TO 220V

OUTPUT Charge
AC & 300WATTS Controller
(OUTLET)
POWER
Figure 13. Block Diagram of the Project Study

29
In the figure above show how pumping power utilizes kinetic
energy from upper body strength to operate the handcar pump
trolley and how the methods will help to produce an alternative
source of energy. The energy were continuous and renewable. Also
this project are eco-friendly with low emissions and alleviate the use
of diminishing resources in the environment.
REFERENCES
Alberto, J. et al. Flock House Handcar Generator. Retrieved April
1, 2012,
http://www.appropedia.org/Flock_House_Handcar_Generator#Discussio
Ciesielski, M. (2016). Handcar #education. Retrieved March
30,2016.https://gallery.autodesk.com/fusion360/projects/handcar-
education
Daware, K. (2012). Basic Construction and Working of A DC
Generator. Retrieved December 12, 2012.

30
http://www.electricaleasy.com/2012/12/basic-construction-and-
working-of-dc.html
Fitzgerald, A.E, Kingsley, C. Jr. and Umans, S.D. Electric
Machinery 6th Edition, pp.397.
Froilan, G.D, F. (2014). Portable Self-Sustaining Electric
Generator. Retrieved
2014,https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/CEIS/article/download/10305/10
508
Lepage, J.D. (2017). Military Trains and Railways: An Illustrated
History. Jefferson, NC. McFarland& Company, Incorporated Publishers
Mason, C. (2011). Rail Road Handcar. Retrieved 2011.
http://www.railroadhandcar.com/history/history.php
Smith M. (2013) “Abstract” Human-Powered Small-Scaled Generation
System for a Sustainable Dance Club, IEEE, pp. 439.
Tarun, A. (2015). Generators – Working, Types & Advantages. Retrieved
2015, https://www.elprocus.com/working-of-generators/
Ter-Gazarian A. (1994), Energy Storage for Power Systems, Peter
Peregrinus Ltd.
31
https://wastecorp.com/Hand-Pumps
https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.php?page=electricity_genera
ting
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316255091_Energy_Storage_i
n_Power_Systems
https://electronics.howstuffworks.com/gadgets/travel/hand-powered-
generators1.htm

Two Pump Wagon

Transféré par

Informations du document

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Two Pump Wagon

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

1

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTNGS

scenario there is a worldwide crisis in terms of power generation, due to limited

non-renewable resources such as petroleum. To cope up with this problem,

renewable energy is the answer. Renewable energy has a big contribution in

terms of harnessing electrical energy and it is the cleanest source of energy.

Renewable energy resources exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast to

other energy resources, which are concentrated in a limited number of

countries. Rapid deployment of renewable energy and energy efficiency is

resulting in significant energy security, climate change mitigation and economic

benefits. In international public opinion surveys, there is strong support for

promoting renewable sources such as solar power and wind power.

evolved as humans have changed patterns of energy consumption. Although

non-reusable sources of energy must be reduced in order to keep emissions

low and alleviate the use of diminishing resources.

Researches revealed that there have been versions of human pump

powered generation applied towards electronics and electrical systems. The

human-powered generator can be operated if there is no sun for solar

provide electricity is more acceptable than isolated stationary human power

minerals that use in mining.

This project study aims the following:

1. To produce alternative source from human powered generator.

2. To construct circuit that automatically delivers energy stored in battery

when the hand operated pump wagon start to move.

gears, cranks, rotating shaft, DC generator, rectifier, battery, and Inverter.

strength to operate a lever arm, as seen in a railroad hand pump trolley, to

that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC).

In figure 1. Research paradigm illustrates the system flow of project

study of generating electrical energy from hand operated pump wagon

which produce an alternative source of energy. This will serve as a

guideline of the process that the researcher will follow.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Figure 1. Research Paradigm.

PROCESS, these include planning, research of the project, gathering of

information, project design of the prototype, canvassing/ purchasing of

materials and construction of the prototype. Researcher gives a systematic way

power. All the data involved to produce such project is finalized.

Statement of the Problem

The main objective of this study is to create a human powered generator

that produces energy in innovative way from mechanical to electrical energy

that may be operated by people of most ages and capabilities.

Specifically, it will seek answer to the following objectives:

1. To build a prototype that would serve as an alternative source of the

2. To find the appropriate gears and generator to be used to build the

4. To determine what environmental impacts and emissions displaced by

the generated energy.

Significance of the Study

The results of the study of Generating Electrical Energy from Hand

Operated Pump Wagon will be a great benefit to the following:

ENVIRONMENT. This help to reduce the pollution in order to keep

emissions low and alleviate the use of diminishing resources

STUDENTS. Engineering students can use this project study to

powered generator to their further studies of alternative source of energy.

Scope and Limitation of the study

pump trolley. Handcar Pump Trolley Is a railroad car powered by its

The prototype is designed to produce alternative source of energy and

The researchers limit the source of human energy by creating a hand

operated pump wagon to which the Permanent Magnet DC Generator will be

1. This project may be used in modifying the HAND OPERATED PUMP

researchers will only modify the materials to be used particularly the

design of it, to make it more suitable to a general group of people, what

not really into bodybuilding sphere.