Assgmnt 4

Faculty of Information and Communication Technology FTMK 2015/2016
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
(MPSW5013/PPSW6013)
PREPARED FOR:
PROF DR. ISHAK DESA
PREPARED BY:
NAME: AFIQAH BIN NGAH NASARUDDIN
MATRIX NUMBER: M041510003
NAME: AHMAD RAZIN BT JASMI
NAME: NUR SAIDATUL FATIMAH BINTI ABDUL RASHID
1
MPSW5013/PPSW6013
ASSIGNMENT 4
INSTRUCTIONS:
a) Use R software (R Studio)/SPSS/Any Software to complete this assignment.
b) There is only one submission for this assignment. Put all your R code, commands, answers and
respective graph in the report.
There has been a concern to the top management of UTeM over the continuously low achievements in
Mathematics and Statistics courses among UTeM’s first and second year students. One of the main reasons,
which has been commonly raised, is due to their inherited lack of Mathematics Competency before entering
UTeM. An initiative was conducted to test mathematics competency to all UTeM’s first year students in an
attempt to find remedial actions to the problem. The (regenerated) results from the test were included in the
attached excel files, namely MATRIC STUDENTS and STPM STUDENTS, which contain the test
achievements of 500 entering students with KPM Matriculation Certificate and 300 students with STPM
Certificate, respectively. Also included in the files are the results of the students’ achievements in BITI2233
STATISTICS and PROBABILITY course taken recently.
a) Randomly select 50 out of 500 MATRIC students, and also 50 out of 300 STPM students. Use the attached
500 random numbers list to select the MATRIC Students, and the 300 random numbers list to select the
STPM Students. Use the last two digit number of MyKad ID of one of your group members to start the
selection, and horizontally follow the random number list to select the next 49 students. Based on the
selected samples, conduct a basic descriptive analysis on the Mathematics Competency test achievements of
both the MATRIC and STPM students. Document the selected students’ samples and give the summary of
the analyses (which should include the average and standard deviation of both samples).
2
1. MATRIC students
MATH COMPETENCY TEST MARK/100 Deviation about the mean

Mark Test Observation (x-mean)2(x-mean)2(x-
(x) mean)2(x-mean)2
Count (n) x-mean
40 65 6 38.60
41 83 24 586.26
42 71 12 149.15
43 63 4 17.75
44 57 -2 3.19
45 65 6 38.60
46 60 1 1.47
47 66 7 52.02
48 56 -3 7.77
49 58 -1 0.62
50 76 17 296.28
51 65 6 38.60
52 73 14 202.00
53 79 20 408.56
54 69 10 104.30
55 48 -11 116.36
56 64 5 27.17
57 49 -10 95.79
58 50 -9 77.22
59 47 -12 138.94
60 54 -5 22.92
61 52 -7 46.07
62 53 -6 33.49
63 53 -6 33.49
64 49 -10 95.79
65 69 10 104.30
66 56 -3 7.77
67 68 9 84.88
68 71 12 149.15
69 55 -4 14.34
3
70 51 -8 60.64
71 52 -7 46.07
72 43 -16 249.24
73 71 12 149.15
74 62 3 10.32
75 46 -13 163.51
76 82 23 538.83
77 41 -18 316.39
78 57 -2 3.19
79 58 -1 0.62
80 71 12 149.15
81 49 -10 95.79
82 55 -4 14.34
83 52 -7 46.07
84 41 -18 316.39
85 46 -13 163.51
86 42 -17 281.81
87 52 -7 46.07
88 68 9 84.88
89 61 2 4.90
90 72 13 174.58
Deviation about the mean
MATH COMPETENCY TEST MARK/100 Observation (x) (x-mean)2
x-mean
Sum 2763 0 5598
Median 57
Mode 71
Count (n) 47 47 47
Average (mean) 58.7872340426
Variance (s2) 121.6928769658 121.6928769658
Standard Deviation (s) 11.0314494499 11.0314494499
 50 samples are randomly selected from no. 40 up to no. 90. The summation of math
competency test mark is 2,763 with an average of 58.787. The median is 57 and mode is 71
respectively. The highest mark is 83 and the lowest is 41.
4
BITI 2233 MARK/100 Deviation about the mean

Mark Test Observation (x-mean)2(x-mean)2(x-
(x) mean)2(x-mean)2
Count (n) x-mean
40 62 5 24.22
41 71 14 193.81
42 70 13 166.97
43 49 -8 65.26
44 57 0 0.01
45 67 10 98.44
46 48 -9 82.42
47 66 9 79.59
48 56 -1 1.16
49 50 -7 50.10
50 60 3 8.54
51 52 -5 25.79
52 51 -6 36.95
53 64 7 47.91
54 57 0 0.01
55 47 -10 101.57
56 68 11 119.28
57 62 5 24.22
58 53 -4 16.63
59 56 -1 1.16
60 64 7 47.91
61 46 -11 122.73
62 65 8 62.75
63 45 -12 145.89
64 68 11 119.28
65 61 4 15.38
66 76 19 358.03
67 57 0 0.01
68 51 -6 36.95
69 58 1 0.85
70 39 -18 326.83
71 44 -13 171.05
5
72 64 7 47.91
73 51 -6 36.95
74 45 -12 145.89
75 58 1 0.85
76 43 -14 198.20
77 45 -12 145.89
78 61 4 15.38
79 63 6 35.06
80 63 6 35.06
81 58 1 0.85
82 57 0 0.01
83 47 -10 101.57
84 67 10 98.44
85 61 4 15.38
86 53 -4 16.63
87 78 21 437.71
88 47 -10 101.57
89 48 -9 82.42
90 62 5 24.22
x-mean
Sum 2911 0 4092
Median 57
Mode 57
Count (n) 51 51 51
Average (mean) 57.0784313725
Variance (s2) 81.8337254902 81.8337254902
 50 samples are randomly selected from no. 40 up to no. 90. The summation of math
competency test mark is 2,911 with an average of 57.078. The median is 57 and mode is 57
respectively. The highest mark is 78 and the lowest is 39.
6
2. STPM students
MATH COMPETENCY TEST MARK/100 Mark Test Observation Deviation about the mean (x-mean)2(x-mean)2(x-
(x) mean)2(x-mean)2
Count (n) x-mean
40 81 5 23.62
41 59 -17 293.78
42 77 1 0.74
43 70 -6 37.70
44 91 15 220.82
45 80 4 14.90
46 79 3 8.18
47 92 16 251.54
48 71 -5 26.42
49 77 1 0.74
50 84 8 61.78
51 68 -8 66.26
52 50 -26 683.30
53 70 -6 37.70
54 84 8 61.78
55 73 -3 9.86
56 100 24 569.30
57 60 -16 260.50
58 67 -9 83.54
59 74 -2 4.58
60 79 3 8.18
61 77 1 0.74
62 73 -3 9.86
63 86 10 97.22
64 78 2 3.46
65 100 24 569.30
66 67 -9 83.54
67 53 -23 535.46
68 100 24 569.30
7
69 69 -7 50.98
70 84 8 61.78
71 63 -13 172.66
72 100 24 569.30
73 63 -13 172.66
74 92 16 251.54
75 75 -1 1.30
76 100 24 569.30
77 65 -11 124.10
78 61 -15 229.22
79 59 -17 293.78
80 75 -1 1.30
81 75 -1 1.30
82 96 20 394.42
83 61 -15 229.22
84 80 4 14.90
85 84 8 61.78
86 54 -22 490.18
87 76 0 0.02
88 72 -4 17.14
89 83 7 47.06
90 100 24 569.30
x-mean
Sum 3807 0 8348
Median 76
Mode 100
Count (n) 50 50 50
Average (mean) 76.14
Variance (s2) 170.367755102 170.367755102
 50 samples are randomly selected from no. 40 up to no. 90. The summation of math competency
test mark is 3,807 with an average of 76.14. The median is 76 and mode is 100 respectively. The
highest mark is 100 and the lowest is 50.
8
BITI 2233 MARK/100 Mark Test Observation Deviation about the mean (x-mean)2(x-mean)2(x-
(x) mean)2(x-mean)2
Count (n) x-mean
40 45 -9 87.11
41 51 -3 11.11
42 42 -12 152.11
43 60 6 32.11
44 57 3 7.11
45 48 -6 40.11
46 54 0 0.11
47 56 2 2.78
48 60 6 32.11
49 53 -1 1.78
50 53 -1 1.78
51 44 -10 106.78
52 52 -2 5.44
53 59 5 21.78
54 53 -1 1.78
55 56 2 2.78
56 58 4 13.44
57 49 -5 28.44
58 51 -3 11.11
59 57 3 7.11
60 47 -7 53.78
61 50 -4 18.78
62 56 2 2.78
63 58 4 13.44
64 55 1 0.44
65 60 6 32.11
66 61 7 44.44
67 55 1 0.44
68 61 7 44.44
69 56 2 2.78
70 56 2 2.78
9
71 70 16 245.44
72 54 0 0.11
73 50 -4 18.78
74 59 5 21.78
75 58 4 13.44
76 54 0 0.11
77 45 -9 87.11
78 54 0 0.11
79 56 2 2.78
80 54 0 0.11
81 58 4 13.44
82 53 -1 1.78
83 58 4 13.44
84 56 2 2.78
85 47 -7 53.78
86 53 -1 1.78
87 47 -7 53.78
88 61 7 44.44
89 52 -2 5.44
90 59 5 21.78
x-mean
Sum 2771 0 1385
Median 55
Mode 56
Count (n) 51 51 51
Average (mean) 54.3333333333
Variance (s2) 27.7066666667 27.7066666667
 50 samples are randomly selected from no. 40 up to no. 90. The summation of math competency
test mark is 2,771 with an average of 54.33. The median is 55 and mode is 56 respectively. The
highest mark is 70 and the lowest is 42.
10
b) Conduct a test of hypothesis with the intent of showing that, at the 0.05 level of significance, there is no
significant difference in the average Mathematics Competency between MATRIC students and STPM
students. Report the hypothesis testing process step by step and conclude the findings.
1. MATRIC students
STUDENT MATH COMPETENCY

ID TEST MARK/100
40 65
41 83
42 71
43 63
44 57
45 65
46 60
47 66
48 56
49 58
50 76
51 65
52 73
53 79
54 69
55 48
56 64
57 49
58 50
59 47
60 54
61 52
62 53
63 53
64 49
65 69
11
66 56
67 68
68 71
69 55
70 51
71 52
72 43
73 71
74 62
75 46
76 82
77 41
78 57
79 58
80 71
81 49
82 55
83 52
84 41
85 46
86 42
87 52
88 68
89 61
90 72
12
SUMMAR
Y OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
0.32442858
Multiple R 09
0.10525390
R Square 41
Adjusted 0.08699377
R Square 97
Standard 10.3813279
Error 655
Observati
ons 51
ANOVA
Significance
df SS MS F F
Regressio 621.21266968 621.2126696 0.02019749
n 1 33 833 5.7641394864 48
5280.8265460 107.7719703
Residual 49 03 266
5902.0392156
Total 50 863
Lower Upper
Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% 95.0% 95.0%
74.5490196 11.32653789 2.745921240336 61.3223951 87.775644 61.3223951 87.775644
Intercept 078 6.5818011 98 22E-015 016 114 016 114
- - - - - -
STUDENT 0.23710407 2.400862238 0.43556546 0.0386426 0.43556546 0.0386426
ID 24 0.0987578832 1 0.0201974948 89 759 89 759
13
2. STPM students
STUDENT MATH COMPETENCY

ID TEST MARK/100
40 81
41 59
42 77
43 70
44 91
45 80
46 79
47 92
48 71
49 77
50 84
51 68
52 50
53 70
54 84
55 73
56 94
57 60
58 67
59 74
60 79
61 77
62 73
63 86
64 78
65 95
66 67
67 53
68 92
69 69
70 84
14
71 63
72 94
73 63
74 92
75 75
76 100
77 65
78 61
79 59
80 75
81 75
82 96
83 61
84 80
85 84
86 54
87 76
88 72
89 83
90 93
15
SUMMAR
Y OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
0.01855197
Multiple R 37
0.00034417
R Square 57
-
Adjusted 0.02005696
R Square 35
Standard 12.4510183
Error 237
Observati
ons 51
ANOVA
Significance
df SS MS F F
Regressio 2.615384615 0.89718822
n 1 2.6153846154 4 0.0168704171 61
7596.3650075 155.0278572
Residual 49 415 968
7598.9803921
Total 50 569
Standard Lower Upper

Coefficients Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% 95.0% 95.0%
74.9803921 1.080041736056 59.1168201 90.8439642 59.1168201 90.8439642
Intercept 569 7.8939925962 9.498411766 81E-012 134 003 134 003
- -
STUDENT 0.01538461 0.129886169 0.22264336 0.25341259 0.22264336 0.25341259
ID 54 0.1184469094 8 0.8971882261 06 14 06 14
Conclusion:
 MATRIC students: Since the level of significance is 0.05 (95%) and P-value is 0.8971882261 is
more than 0.05 so the correlation is not statistically significant.
 STPM students: Since level of significance is 0.05 (95%) and P-value is 0.0201974948 less
than 0.05 so the correlation is statistically significant.
16
c) Construct a scatter diagram of the Mathematic Competency test achievements and achievements in
BITI2233 course for the 500 MATRIC students and 300 STPM students, independently. Determine their
correlation coefficients, and write a short conclusion on the findings. Do the same analyses for all combined
MATRIC and STPM students and compare the results.
1. MATRIX students
Matrix Math Comp Correlation Coefficients
100
80
60
Math Comp Test Mark
40
20
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Student ID
Matrix BITI Correlation Coefficients
100
80
60
BITI 2233 Test Mark
40
20
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Student ID
17
Matrix Math Comp & BITI 2233 Correlation Coefficients
100
90
80
70
60
Column B
Math Comp & BITI 2233 Test Mark 50 Column C
40
30
20
10
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Student ID
Correlation Coefficients
Positive relationship:
This means that as the number
Matrix Math 0.0053
of students increase, the test
mark for Math also increases.
Negative relationship:
Matrix BITI
-0.0695 of students increase,
2233
the test mark for BITI
decreases.
Positive value:
Matrix Math &
0.9973 of students increase, the test
BITI 2233
mark for Math and BITI also
increases.
18
2. STPM students
STPM Math Comp Correlation Coefficients
120
100
80
Match Comp Test Mark 60

40
20
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Student ID
STPM BITI 2233 Correlation Coefficients
80
70
60
50
BITI 2233 Test Mark 40
30
20
10
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Student ID
19
STPM Math Comp & BITI 2233 Correlation Coefficients
120
100
80
Column B
Math Comp & BITI 2233 Test Mark 60 Column C
40
20
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Student ID
Correlation Coefficients
STPM Math 0.0681
mark for Math also increases.
STPM BITI 2233 0.0098
mark for BITI also increases.
STPM Math & BITI 2233 0.9820 of students increase, the test
mark for Math and BITI also
increases.
20
d) Conduct a basic descriptive analysis on the achievement of MATRIC students and STPM students in the
BITI2233 course, separately and jointly. Describe the performance of students. Based on the above
analyses, give several recommendations to UTeM’s top management what strategy/policy/action should be
adopted in order to improve the overall students’ achievement in the University’s Mathematics and
Statistics courses.
1) Matric students
SQRT of 500 = 22.36068

= 22
BITI 2233 MARK/100
Mean 54.71
Standard Error 0.45
Median 55.00
Mode 55.00
Standard Deviation 10.05
Sample Variance 100.97
Kurtosis 0.37
Skewness -0.12
Range 69.00
Minimum 21.00
Maximum 90.00
Sum 27357.00
Count 500.00
21
1 20 20.0
2 23.4
Bin
3 26.8 Frequency
4 30.1 21.0 1.0
5 33.5 24.1 1.0
6 36.9 27.3 3.0
7 40.3
30.4 2.0
33.5 3.0
8 43.7
36.7 9.0
9 47.0
39.8 13.0
10 50.4
43.0 23.0
11 53.8
46.1 46.0
12 57.2 49.2 51.0
13 60.6 52.4 50.0
14 63.9 55.5 68.0
15 67.3 58.6 47.0
16 70.7 61.8 52.0
17 74.1 64.9 58.0
68.0 30.0
18 77.5
71.2 21.0
19 80.8
74.3 13.0
20 84.2
77.5 5.0
21 87.6
80.6 1.0
22 91 91.0
83.7 1.0
86.9 1.0
More 1.0
22
MATRIC students in the BITI2233 Test
80
70
60
50
40
Frequency
30
20
10
0
01/20/1900 02/04/1900 02/20/1900 03/08/1900 03/23/1900
Bin
 According to MATRIC students in the BITI2233 test graph result, majority of MATRIC
student score mark from 35 to 78. 68 students score 55.5 marks. If let say the passing mark is
B- which is 65 marks, so therefore more than half of the student have to repeat the BITI 2233
paper.
23
2) STPM students
SQRT of 300 = 17.32050807

= 18
BITI 2233 MARK/100
Mean 54.40
Standard Error 0.27
Median 54.00
Mode 56.00
Kurtosis 0.00
Skewness -0.04
Range 28.00
Minimum 42.00
Maximum 70.00
Sum 16320.00
Count 300.00
24
1 41 41 Bin Frequency
2 43 41 0
3 45 43 1
4 46 45 6
5 48 46 10
48 19
6 50
50 5
7 52
52 41
8 53
53 40
9 55
55 46
10 57 57 30
11 59 59 53
12 60 60 20
13 62 62 14
14 64 64 7
15 66 66 6
16 67 67 1
69 0
17 69
71 1
18 71 71
More 0
25
STPM students in the BITI2233 Test
60
50
40
30
Frequency
20
10
0
02/09/1900 02/16/1900 02/23/1900 03/02/1900 03/09/1900
Bin
 According to STPM students in the BITI2233 test graph result, majority of STPM student score
mark from 40 to 66. 53 students score 58.5 marks. If let say the passing mark is B- which is 65
marks, so therefore more than 3 quarter of the student have to repeat the BITI 2233 paper.
26
3) MATRIC and STPM students
SGRT 800 = 28.2842712475

= 29
Column1
Mean 54.59625
Standard Error 0.2990038445
Median 55
Mode 54
Kurtosis 1.2987926796
Skewness -0.0955420648
Range 69
Minimum 21
Maximum 90
Sum 43677
Count 800
27
1 20 20 Bin Frequency
2 23 20 0
3 25 23 1
4 28 25 2
5 31 28 2
6 33 31 2
7 36 33 3
8 38 36 4
9 41 38 13
10 44 41 16
11 46 44 18
12 49 46 57
13 52 49 75
14 54 52 73
15 57 54 127
16 60 57 89
17 62 60 116
18 65 62 73
19 68 65 52
20 70 68 31
21 73 70 19
22 75 73 11
23 78 75 10
24 81 78 3
25 83 81 0
26 86 83 1
27 89 86 1
28 91 91 89 0
91 1
More 0
28
MATRIC & STPM students in the BITI2233 Test
140
120
100
80
Frequency 60
40
20
0
01/19/1900 02/01/1900 02/14/1900 02/27/1900 03/12/1900 03/26/1900
Bin
 According to MATRIC and STPM students in the BITI2233 Test graph, majority of MATRIC
and STPM student score mark from 38 to 75. 127 students score 54.3 marks. If let say the
passing mark is B- which is 65 marks, so therefore more than half of the student have to repeat
the BITI 2233 paper. Overall, majority of both MATRIC and STPM student scores are below
par if let say the passing mark is B- (65 marks). So there UTeM’s top management has to revise
the strategy of teaching and learning to improve the overall students’ achievement in the
University’s Mathematics and Statistics courses.
 Based on the above analyses, some of the strategies are as follows. The objective of this
strategies is to improve the overall students’ achievement in the University’s Mathematics and
Statistics courses.
1) Mathematics lectures should be sent for workshops, retraining, conferences and seminars
in order to improve their teaching techniques. Scholarships and in-service training with pay
should be granted to mathematics teachers
2) The effective uses of instructional materials by mathematics lectures go a long way to
stimulate and sustain students’ interest in mathematics. Their effective use helps in
reducing the level of obstruction in teaching a topic i.e. they concretize the abstract nature
of mathematics. They also stimulate students’ imagination and help them retain the
concepts learnt. Teaching aids should be provided for mathematics lectures.
29
3) Lectures of mathematics in particular should be allowed to spend at least five years in a

particular school before being transferred. This would allow for continuity of the teaching
and learning process in our faculty or university.
4) The issue of large classes is responsible for lecture’s burden. The lecture is over-burdened
on all sides and to follow the way of least resistance, he emphasizes cram work. He cannot
adopt, and prepare for effective methods, as he has no spare time. His burden does not
allow him time to remove individual difficulties. This burden should be lightened to enable
mathematics lectures to show originality and initiative.
 Conclusion:
Mathematics is the very basis of all sciences and technology, and therefore, of all human progress.
Therefore, if we must develop technologically and in our economy, we must put functional and
technology policies in place. We must place mathematics in its proper perspective. This can only
be achieved by ensuring that mathematics teachers/ lectures are efficient and effective. We have to
redirect our priorities and resources towards the implementation of the strategies highlighted in this
paper since secondary school mathematics forms the gateway to the study of mathematics in our
tertiary institutions, we must develop it now.
30

Assgmnt 4

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Faculty of Information and Communication Technology FTMK 2015/2016

PROF DR. ISHAK DESA

NAME: AFIQAH BIN NGAH NASARUDDIN

MATRIX NUMBER: M041510003

NAME: AHMAD RAZIN BT JASMI

MATRIX NUMBER: M041520007

NAME: NUR SAIDATUL FATIMAH BINTI ABDUL RASHID

MATRIX NUMBER: M041510026

MATH COMPETENCY TEST MARK/100 Deviation about the mean

Sum 2763 0 5598

Average (mean) 58.7872340426

Variance (s2) 121.6928769658 121.6928769658

Standard Deviation (s) 11.0314494499 11.0314494499

BITI 2233 MARK/100 Deviation about the mean

Sum 2911 0 4092

Average (mean) 57.0784313725

Variance (s2) 81.8337254902 81.8337254902

Standard Deviation (s) 9.0461995053 9.0461995053

Count (n) x-mean

Sum 3807 0 8348

Average (mean) 76.14

Variance (s2) 170.367755102 170.367755102

Standard Deviation (s) 13.052499956 13.052499956

Count (n) x-mean

Sum 2771 0 1385

Average (mean) 54.3333333333

Variance (s2) 27.7066666667 27.7066666667

Standard Deviation (s) 5.2637122515 5.2637122515

STUDENT MATH COMPETENCY

STUDENT MATH COMPETENCY

Standard Lower Upper

Matrix Math Comp Correlation Coefficients

Matrix BITI Correlation Coefficients

Matrix Math Comp & BITI 2233 Correlation Coefficients

STPM Math Comp Correlation Coefficients

Match Comp Test Mark 60

STPM BITI 2233 Correlation Coefficients

STPM Math Comp & BITI 2233 Correlation Coefficients

SQRT of 500 = 22.36068

BITI 2233 MARK/100

MATRIC students in the BITI2233 Test

SQRT of 300 = 17.32050807

BITI 2233 MARK/100

STPM students in the BITI2233 Test

3) MATRIC and STPM students

SGRT 800 = 28.2842712475

MATRIC & STPM students in the BITI2233 Test

3) Lectures of mathematics in particular should be allowed to spend at least five years in a

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