Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY
A.O. DE LA SERNA
INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGY, COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES, DILIMAN, QUEZON CITY, PHILIPPINES
OCTOBER 1, 2010
ABSTRACT
This affirms the importance of the employment of ion exchange chromatography, including its concept of
isocracy and electroneutrality, resin polymerization and sulfonation, stoichiometric ratio, hydration and
particulates, in chemical analysis and determination of total ion concentration of Cu II in samples
provided by instructor. This report discusses basic mechanisms and materials of specifically cation
exchange columnar chromatography. Dowex 50 cation exchange resin was the stationary phase and the
solvent containing the analyte ion was the mobile phase. IC conditions were kept paramount during the
duration of the experiment. 10 mL of the analyte sample was then eluted to the preconditioned column for
three trials. Per trial, the eluate was allowed to flow to a fresh Erlenmeyer flask until its pH = 5. This
fresh pool was then titrated with previously standardized sodium hydroxide NaOH against a primary
standard KHP. Cu2+ concentration in ppm was then calculated using the titrimetric data. The actual
concentration was 1250 ppm Cu2+, the entire class reported a substantially accurate experimental value –
1260 ppm Cu2+ of 0.8% error. The highly accurate value affirms the feasibility of IC as a means of
determining total ion concentration.
It is grounded on the stoichiometric ratio that 1 Limitations of IC. Like any other instrumental
mole Cu2+ = 2 moles H+. Therefore, using the method and as a still growing chromatographic
science, IC is assailed with a few limitations. Table 6 shows the overall class statistics.
Table 5 lists ions yet analyzable by IC
An IC setup may encounter chromatographic Upon intent analysis of the data, it can be
anomalies. An example is water dip, otherwise concluded that since the class has a very small
known as carbonate water dip. There are also amount of pooled standard deviation (9.86ppm),
the class garnered a very precise result. The
minor shifts in retention and calibration curves.
class got an accurate result basing on the
Temperature must also be kept constant since substantially low percent error of 0.8% with the
minor fluctuations can alter the ionic kinetic reported class value of 1260 ppm. It can be
energy. There are times that to maintain the induced that the interval in which, taking into
isocracy, a buffer is needed. However, buffer account the confidence level, the value of the Cu
2+
may react with the resin or even the solvent concentration from finite number of sources
containing the analyte. The method provides no lies is in 1260±7.59 ppm.
direct information on events occurring at the
The veracity and feasibility of IC can be
surface of the stationary phase, because the ion- affirmed basing from the experiment results. It
exchange equilibrium is always determined by can be concluded that the total ion concentration
the balance between the H+ and analyte ion can be accurately determined via IC, and that the
interaction with active sites of a resin. Impurities mechanism of isocracy of ionic charges and
may also affect the data. These limitations may stoichiometric ratio are of vital importance for
have lead to these statistical deviations. calculations involving IC. The highly accurate
value affirms the feasibility of IC as a means of
However, the standard deviations per group are
determining total ion concentration.
very minimal and can still substantiate the
feasibility of IC. Appendix C shows more
statistical data including standard and relative
standard deviations and confidence intervals. REFERENCES
The standard deviations were pooled and the [1] Dyer A., Hudson MJ.,et al. 1993. “Ion
average ppm was computed. Table 6 shows the Exchange Processes: Advances and
overall class statistics. Applications”. The Royal Society of Chemistry.
[2] Skoog D., West D., et al. 1996. [4] Smith, Frank. 1983. “The Practice of Ion
“Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, 7th Chromatography”. Wiley-Interscience
Edition”. Saunders College Publishing Publications
[3] Walton, Harold. 1976. “Ion Exchange [5] Ballesteros J., Caleja HJ., Carillo KJ.,et al.
Chromatography”. Dowen, Hutchinson & Ross, 2009 ed. “Analytical Chemistry Laboratory
Inc. Manual”. University of the Philippines –
Diliman, Institute of Chemistry.