Académique Documents
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2018‐2019
Prof. G. Bertagnoli
Summer session verification test 03/07/2019
Student’s data
Name Surname
1. Consider the pre‐fabricated beam section pictured below with the following dimensions:
tw [m] 0.25
bfi [m] 0.75
bfs [m] 0.75
tfi [m] 0.40
tfs [m] 0.20
hw [m] 2
Calculate the following geometrical parameters of the pre‐fabricated beam:
Consider this beam to be one of the four inner beams of a simply supported bridge deck made of 6
beams (as shown in the following picture) on a span of 42m. The interaxis between the longitudinal
beams is 3.4m. The thickness of the slab is 0.2m. Consider the slab perfectly flat for your calculation
(disregard the slope for water drainage that you can see in the drawing below).
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The beam is prefabricated and then used to assemble the deck
by casting in situ the slab and the transverse beams.
The concrete used for the beam is fck 50 MPa, whereas the
concrete used for the cast in situ slab is fck 37 MPa.
In prefabrication factory prestressing is applied by means of 94
pre‐tensioned strands. Each strand has an area of 92.8 mm2 and
is tensioned at 1240 MPa.
In midspan section the centroid of the strands is at 0.22m form
the bottom fiber.
The application of pre tensioning prestressing and therefore deadweight of the beam is done when the
beam has an age of 28 days.
The slab and the transverse beams are cast when the beam age is 55 days and when the beam age is 60
days we can assume that they are rigid and effective. The bending moment in midspan due to the only
weight of the transverse beams is 427 kNm.
Calculate the following geometrical parameters of the composite section (beam + slab):
Calculate the following stresses in midspan of the prefabricated beam at 28 days:
Calculate the following stresses in midspan of the prefabricated beam at 56 days:
Calculate the following stresses in midspan of the prefabricated beam at 60 days:
Now, at 60 days we introduce a second prestressing by means of a curved parabolic tendon with a steel
section of 1232 mm2 and the centroid at 8 cm from the bottom fiber of the beam in the midspan.
The stress in this tendon in midspan after short‐term losses (friction, elastic and draw in) is 1092 MPa.
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Calculate the following stresses in midspan of the composite beam at 60 days after the introduction of
2nd prestressing:
Permanent loads (pavement, barriers, etc…) are introduced when the prefabricated beam age is 90 days
and generate a bending moment of 2249 kNm in midspan.
Calculate the following stresses in midspan of the prefabricated beam after the introduction of
permanent loads:
Calculate the stress in quasi permanent condition at time 90 days neglecting long term losses:
The relaxation losses are given by the following diagram.
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The long term losses can be calculated according to EN 1992‐1‐1 as described in the last page of this
text.
The creep coefficient can be calculated from the diagram given below using t0 = 28 days.
The value of the shrinkage strain at time t= is 3.30 E‐4.
Calculate the stress in quasi permanent condition at time t= :
2. Describe LM1 and LM2 for traffic loads on road bridges.
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3. Calculate MINIMUM reinforcement (bar diameter and spacing) supposing it is oriented in X and Y
directions and verify concrete compression in the following membrane element, where
σx = ‐4 MPa, σy = 2 MPa, τxy = ‐2 MPa.
The thickness of the element is 10 cm.
Remember the following equations for principal stresses in elastic field:
Angle between x axis and 2 axis (positive if counter clockwise)
2𝜏
𝑡𝑎𝑛 2𝜃
𝜎 𝜎
Asx required = 0.03 mm2/m Asy required = 0.76 mm2/m
Asx prov. 18/250mm Asy provided = 114/200mm
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