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Timber Design
Basic Formulas

Bending Stress
fb=McIfb=McI

Horizontal Shear Stress


fv=VQIbfv=VQIb

Formula for Spacing of Bolts and Nails


s=RIVQ=Rqs=RIVQ=Rq

Notching of Beams Formulas

Rectangular beams notched at points of support on the tension


side:
Fv=3V2bd′(dd′)Fv=3V2bd′(dd′)

Beams notched at points of support on the tension side


Fv=3V2An(dd′n)Fv=3V2An(ddn′)

Beams notched at point of support on the compression side


V=23Fvb[d−e(d−d′)d′]V=23Fvb[d−e(d−d′)d′]

Allowable Bending Stress


Slenderness Factor
Cs=Ledb2−−−−√Cs=Ledb2

Short Unbraced Beam (Cs ≤ 10)


F′b=FbFb′=Fb

Intermediate Unbraced Column (10 < Cs ≤ Ck)


F′b=Fb[1−13(CsCk)4]Fb′=Fb[1−13(CsCk)4]

Ck=0.811EFb−−−√Ck=0.811EFb

Long Unbraced Beam For (Ck < Cs < 50)


F′b=0.438ECs2Fb′=0.438ECs2

Allowable Compression at an Angle to Grain

Jacoby's Formula
Pn=Psin2ϕ+Qcos2ϕPn=Psin2ϕ+Qcos2ϕ

Hankinson's Formula
Pn=PQPsin2θ+Qcos2θPn=PQPsin2θ+Qcos2θ

Allowable Compressive Stress for Columns

Short column (Le/d ≤ 11)


F′c=FcFc′=Fc

Intermediate column (11 < Le/d < K)


F′c=Fc[1−13(Le/dK)4]Fc′=Fc[1−13(Le/dK)4]
K=0.671EFc−−−√K=0.671EFc

Long column (Le/d ≥ K)


F′c=0.30E(Le/d)2Fc′=0.30E(Le/d)2

Combined Flexure and Axial Stress

Flexure and Axial Tension


ftFt+fbFb≤1.0ftFt+fbFb≤1.0

fb−ftF′b≤1.0fb−ftFb′≤1.0

Flexure and Axial Compression


fcF′c+fbF′b−Jfc≤1.0fcFc′+fbFb′−Jfc≤1.0

J=Le/d−11K−11J=Le/d−11K−11

K=0.671EFc−−−√K=0.671EFc

Wind Load for the Design of Purlins

Wind pressure perpendicular to vertical surface


P=0.0000473v2P=0.0000473v2

Wind pressure normal to the roof (Duchemins Formula)


Pn=2Psinθ1+sin2θPn=2Psinθ1+sin2θ

 Bending Stress and Shearing Stress in Timber Beam


 Bolted Connection
 Notching on Beams
 Working Stresses of Philippine Woods at 50% Stress Grade
 Working Stresses of Philippine Woods at 80% Stress Grade
 Allowable Loads on One Bolt in Timber Connection
Bending Stress and Shearing Stress in Timber Beam ›
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Timber Design
 Bending Stress and Shearing Stress in Timber Beam
 Bolted Connection
 Notching on Beams
 Working Stresses of Philippine Woods at 50% Stress Grade
 Working Stresses of Philippine Woods at 80% Stress Grade
 Allowable Loads on One Bolt in Timber Connection

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