Many people believe that social networking sites (such as Facebook) have had

a huge negative impact on both individuals and society.

To what extent do you agree?

Social networking sites, for instance Facebook, are thought by some to have had a
detrimental effect on individual people as well as society and local communities.
However, while I believe that such sites are mainly beneficial to the individual, I
agree that they have had a damaging effect on local communities.

With regards to individuals, the impact that online social media has had on each
individual person has clear advantages. Firstly, people from different countries
are brought together through such sites as Facebook whereas before the
development of technology and social networking sites, people rarely had the
chance to meet or communicate with anyone outside of their immediate circle or
community. Secondly, Facebook also has social groups which offer individuals a
chance to meet and participate in discussions with people who share common
interests.

On the other hand, the effect that Facebook and other social networking sites
have had on societies and local communities can only be seen as negative. Rather
than individual people taking part in their local community, they are instead
choosing to take more interest in people online. Consequently, the people within
local communities are no longer forming close or supportive relationships.
Furthermore, society as a whole is becoming increasingly disjointed and
fragmented as people spend more time online with people they have never met
face to face and who they are unlikely to ever meet in the future.

To conclude, although social networking sites have brought individuals closer

together, they have not had the same effect on society or local communities. Local
communities should do more to try and involve local people in local activities in
order to promote the future of community life.

For an IELTS agree disagree essay you can either agree with the statement,
disagree with the statement or give your opinion which contains a balanced
approach to the issues in the statement. However, this does not mean you can
discuss both sides impartially – you must give a clear opinion to get a good score
in the criterion of Task Response which is 25% of your marks. Another name for
an agree disagree essay is an opinion essay or argumentative essay. Download a
PDF copy of the model essay below: IELTS Agree Disagree Model Essay

Sample2
The growing number of overweight people is putting a strain on the health care system in
an effort to deal with the health issues involved. Some people think that the best way to
deal with this problem is to introduce more physical education lessons in the school
curriculum. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
IELTS Agree Disagree Model Essay
Owing to the problems which a growing population of overweight people cause for the
health care system, some people think that the key to solving these issues is to have more
sport and exercise in schools. In my opinion, I completely agree that this is the best way
to tackle the issue of deteriorating public health in relation to weight.

Firstly, dealing with the issues surrounding obesity and weight problems is best solved by
taking a long term approach and introducing more sport and exercise in schools. This
method will ensure that the next generation will be healthier and will not have such health
problems. At the moment, the average child in the West does sport possibly twice a week,
which is not enough to counteract their otherwise sedentary lifestyle. However, by
incorporating more sports classes into the curriculum as well as encouraging
extracurricular sports activities, they will undoubtedly become fitter and more active.

Another point to consider is that having more sports lessons for children in schools will
probably result in children developing an interest in exercise which might filter through to
other members of their family and have a longer lasting effect. In other words, parents
with sporty children are more likely to get involved in sport as a way of encouraging their
children. By both parents and children being involved, it will ensure that children grow up
to incorporate sport into their daily lives. This is certainly a natural and lasting way to
improve public health.

In conclusion, to deal with an increasing population of unfit, overweight people, changing

the lifestyle of the coming generation by introducing sport in schools is the easiest and
most effective method to use.

Sample3
The model answer below is for an IELTS cause and solution essay in writing task
2 on the topic of crime and punishment.

Many offenders commit more crimes after serving the first punishment. Why is this
happening, and what measures can be taken to tackle this problem?

A large number of criminals who serve their first prison sentence, leave prison
only to reoffend. This is mainly because of the lack of rehabilitation and difficulty
finding regular employment once released. There are a number of solutions
which should be implemented to deal with criminals who reoffend.

Firstly, the reason for most first-time offenders committing crimes again, once
they have been released from prison, is due to the lack of rehabilitation whilst in
prison. In other words, offenders are not given a chance to retrain and learn new
skills for their future or develop a deeper understanding of correct moral
behaviour and instead mix with other criminals, which only strengthens their
criminal intentions. Secondly, repeat offending is also owing to the difficulty in
finding employment after being released. As a result, many of them struggle
financially which leads them back to crime, regardless of the consequences.

There are two effective solutions to the problem of repeat offenders. One way to
tackle this is to ensure that all criminals entering prison are given the chance to
retrain with useful skills which will hopefully ensure them a job after they have
served their sentence. By doing this, it will help them reintegrate back into
society and give them some means of supporting themselves financially. Another
method of dealing with criminals who reoffend is to have more supervision and
checks in place when they are back in society. This solution would hopefully
prevent them from taking any chances and deter them from reoffending because
they are being so closely watched.

In conclusion, having training in prison and also close observation when first
time offenders are released are effective in dealing with the issue. If governments
implemented these solutions, crime figures would soon drop

Sample4
Below is an IELTS advantage / disadvantage model essay about having one
language in the world. The essay is estimated at band score 9.

The development of tourism contributed to English becoming the most prominent

language in the world. Some people think this will lead to English becoming the only
language to be spoken globally.

What are the advantages and disadvantages to having one language in the
world?

IELTS Advantage Disadvantage Model Essay

It is thought by some people that English, which is now the most widely spoken
language in the world, may one day predominate over all other languages and
result in their eventual disappearance. Having one language would certainly aid
understanding and economic growth but there will also be some drawbacks.

One evident benefit to having one global language is that it would enable greater
understanding between countries. In other words, if everyone spoke one
language, there would be complete understanding between not only countries
but all people throughout the world which would promote learning, the flow of
information and ideas. Another reason that one language would be advantageous
is that it would help economic growth. With all people speaking the same
language, there will be less barriers and therefore trade would flourish between
countries, resulting in a healthier world economy.

On the other hand, there are obvious disadvantages to having only one global
language. Firstly, it would mean that all other languages would eventually
disappear and, along with them, their cultures. The diversity of cultures is one of
the joys this world has to offer. Each culture is unique with its own way of life
and own perspectives of the world which would all be lost if there were only one
language. Secondly, it would result in the collapse of tourism because there
would be no reason to travel for pleasure and interest if all countries had the
same language and similar cultures. This would devastate many countries
economically that rely on tourism as a source of income.

In conclusion, while there are plus points to having one global language, too
much would be lost as a result. Maintaining local languages and cultures should
be prioritised to ensure a rich world heritage for future generations.

Sample5

Some people think that money is one of the most essential factors in promoting
happiness.

Do you think people can be happy without much money?

What other factors contribute towards happiness?

Money is considered by many people to be one of the most important

contributing factors towards happiness. In my opinion, it is possible for people to
be happy even if they have little money and other aspects of life can play a more
vital role in creating happiness.
Although having money brings happiness to a lot of people, it does not
necessarily follow that people without money are, therefore, unhappy. Take for
example the comparison between developing and developed countries, most
Westerners would agree that people in developing countries are happier, enjoy
stronger family connections and take more pleasure in the simplicities of life to a
greater extent than those in developed countries.

One way that people can gain happiness is through their work. For instance, a
doctor doing volunteer work in underdeveloped countries may have very little
money but the reward of helping people and doing the job they are good at,
brings happiness in itself. In other words, happiness can be found by using skills
that people are trained for and through job satisfaction.

Finally, another factor influencing happiness is having supportive and loving

people in one’s life. While money may bring the opportunities to enjoy
pleasures, few people would enjoy them on their own. Being surrounded by a
loving and caring family is considered by most people to be more valuable than
any amount of money.

In conclusion, money is not essential for happiness, which can be found through
job satisfaction as well as family. If more people strived in life towards true
happiness rather than money, the world would be a better place.

Sample6
Completing university education is thought by some to be the best way to get a good
job. On the other hand, other people think that getting experience and developing
soft skills is more important.
Discuss both sides and give your opinion.

It is considered by some that being a university graduate is the key to securing a

good job, while there are others who think that it is better to have experience and
soft skills. In my opinion, I believe that having university education is essential
for academic jobs while soft skills and experience are more useful in business.

On the one hand, many think it is easier for most people to find a good job if they
are university graduates with a good degree. In other words, having tertiary
education puts people one step ahead of others who do not and this can be the
deciding factor in getting a good job. The competition to get in to universities and
the increasing number of graduates show just how significant this level of
education is for people’s future work opportunities.
On the other hand, having work experience and soft skills, such as leadership
skills and other interpersonal skills, can also throw the balance in favour of the
applicant, according to some. For many positions there are an overwhelming
number of applicants and, therefore, it is often thought that having relevant
experience in that line of work or having acquired useful soft skills that can be
valuable to a company, can put one ahead of the game when applying for a
position.

Finally, in my opinion, whether needing high level education or skills and

experience, depends on the position being applied for. Take for example law,
medicine or teaching, it is impossible to be considered for a position without the
required educational background. In contrast, in business, it would be more
important for a candidate to have soft skills and experience in that line of
business so they can step into a position without further training and be of
immediate benefit to the company.

In conclusion, getting a good job requires a relevant background either in

experience or education depending on the type of work and field. People should
make sure they attain the necessary skills or degrees before applying for a job in
order to be sure of success.

Sample7

In some parts of the world it is becoming popular to research the history of one’s
own family. Why might people want to do this? Is it a positive or negative
development?

Exploring one’s family background and history is becoming increasingly popular

in numerous countries around the world. In my opinion, through research and
knowing more about one’s family, people can see common trends passed
through generations and useful information which can only be seen as beneficial
for people’s future.

Firstly, some people look into their family history in order to discover any
common trends with family members of a previous generation. This can be
especially so with people who have particular skills, gifts or interests in
uncommon fields. In other words, as some gifts and skills are hereditary, it can be
interesting for people to learn how many others in their family shared these
talents from previous generations.

Another reason for the popularity of finding out about one’s family history is
often due to general curiosity of one’s geographical origins. That is to say, some
families moved abroad, away from their own country, generations ago which
resulted in them losing their original culture and adopting the culture of the
country they moved to. Therefore, through research, people can learn more about
their country of origin and understand more about the culture that their family
originally came from.

Finally, the trend of researching family history is certainly beneficial and can help
people find their place in the world. Some people feel a lack of direction in life or
are dislocated from others but by learning more about their past family history, it
can help them relate to the world and feel more comfortable about who they are.
Take, for example, a person who feels nervous about making a certain choice in
life, they may feel comforted by knowing that others in their family made the
same choice many generations ago.

In conclusion, it can be advantageous for people to learn more about the family’s
background and origins. It would be useful for children to learn about their own
family history, if this was incorporated into the school curriculum.

Sample8

Below is an example of a band score 9 IELTS writing task 2 model essay. The task
is a direct questions essay which is quite common in IELTS. Read it carefully and
pay attention to the structure of the essay, the linkers and the sentence structures.

Essay Question

Art is considered an important part of a society as well as an expression of its

culture. Do you think it is important for children to be taught art? Do you think
children should be encouraged to focus on art rather than other subjects?

Model Answer

It is commonly believed that art plays a fundamental role in society as artists are
able to express their thoughts and their culture in their work. In my opinion,
children should definitely learn art because they can develop creativity and learn
to express themselves in their art work but it should not be taught to the
detriment of other subjects.

Firstly, art is an essential subject which children, especially young children,

should learn in order to help promote their creativity and imagination. Without
the development of imagination and creative thinking, children will struggle to
grow into dynamic, individual thinkers when they reach adulthood.
Furthermore, some children are particularly gifted in their creative abilities and
studying art can help them nurture their talents.

Another important advantage for children when practicing art is that it provides
a medium through which they can express their emotions and feelings. In other
words, young children do not have the linguistic capabilities to put their ideas
into language and thus communicate directly. Therefore, by using art, they are
able to convey meaning through pictures and symbols. For this reason, many
child psychologists often study the art work of children to gain an insight into
what they think and feel.

Finally, however, regardless of how useful the study of art is for children, this
should not result in more focus being placed on art rather than other subjects.
Children need to have a balance of all subjects so as to facilitate a healthy
development both mentally and physically. Thus, ensuring that there is a healthy
balance of art, sciences, languages and physical education in the school syllabus
is essential.

In conclusion, while art certainly helps a child develop creativity as well as

express their thoughts, it should be taught equally alongside all other subjects. A
school curriculum should offer a balance of subjects.

Sample9
Nowadays, more people are choosing to socialise online rather than
face to face. Is this a positive or negative development?

IELTS Model Essay: Positive or Negative Development?

An increasing number of people meet and talk to their friends online instead of in
person. In my opinion, this is a negative development which can lead to isolation,
potentially harmful situations and also problems later on in life.

One serious problem that can arise from people socialising online is that it can
lead to isolation. Before the internet, people would frequently go out to meet
friends, for example in cafes, bars or restaurants, whereas now people prefer to
stay at home alone, chatting online. As a result, people are starting to spend the
majority of their time alone at home in their room without meeting others.
Isolation of this kind is not healthy and can sometimes lead to depression and
other issues.
Another issue is that meeting people online can be risky. In other words, people
can assume fake identities online as well as hide their true characteristics. This is
particularly concerning for teenagers who are impressionable and can easily be
led into dangerous situations. Furthermore, as this interaction is online, parents
have no way of monitoring it and protecting their children.

Finally, socialising online can end in difficulties years later as conversations and
shared photos that had been forgotten reappear. This situation is currently
critical for many people, again especially for teenagers who do not think carefully
before posting online. That is to say, information which is put online can remain
there forever and while people may share intimate communications with close
friends, these words can then resurface later on leading to much embarrassment.

In conclusion, although it has become more popular for people to socialise

through the internet, it has brought about too many problems for this to be
considered a positive trend.

Sample10
: Some people consider price as most important thing to think about when
buying product (such as cell phone) or service (e.g. medical treatment). Do you
agree or disagree?
It is thought by some people that the price of a product or service is essential to
consider before deciding to purchase something. While I agree that people need
to consider carefully before spending large amounts of money in order to avoid
debt, the necessity of the purchase must play a role in the decision to buy.

It is essential that people take time to reflect on how much money they should
spend on an item or service, and whether or not they can actually afford it within
their available budget. Over the last few decades, the rise in personal debt has
escalated as people are tempted to buy goods and services due to pressure from
advertising and the increasingly easy access of credit cards. For this reason, any
purchase that is costly and is bought using credit ought to be well thought
through, particularly when the item is a luxury item that is not actually essential.

On the other hand, there are circumstances when the cost of a service or item
becomes an irrelevant consideration. A typical example of this would be when
someone’s life depends on a product or service, such as a new treatment for a
disease not offered through normal channels. In such a case, a person’s budget
becomes redundant and the expense should not deter someone from proceeding
with the purchase. However, these situations are rare and in most circumstances
price ought to be considered so that excessive spending is planned and budgeted
to avoid serious debt problems.

In conclusion, people should deliberate carefully before spending large sums of

money on goods and services, except in cases of dire necessity.

Sample11
Essay Question 2: In many cities, many people are living in large apartment
blocks. Does this accommodation have more advantages or disadvantages.

An increasing number of people are choosing to live in high rise apartment

blocks. In my opinion, although these blocks of flats are often cheaper, they offer
cramped living space and can present serious fire risks.

One obvious advantage to living in a multi-story apartment block is that it offers

people affordable accommodation in urban areas. With the growth of urban
populations, land is becoming increasingly expensive and, as a result, many
people are no longer able to afford their own house. Large apartment blocks
require a small area of land but can provide a lot of flats which enable people on
low incomes to continue living near city centers and near their jobs.

However, high rise apartment blocks usually offer small apartments with no
outdoor areas. For families, this can be a problem as each individual member of
the family has little personal space which can result in a build up of tension as
relationships can become strained. Another problem is that such restricted living
quarters offer no space for exercise which is a vital requirement for healthy
living.

Finally, one of the worst problems of living in a high rise block of flats is the fire
risk that it presents. If a fire should break out in one of the flats, the number of
floors in the building means that people can become easily trapped on the top
floors, unable to escape the fire. This was unfortunately illustrated by the Grenfell
Tower block fire that claimed 71 lives in London in 2017. The speed with which
the fire spread through the 24 floors, made it impossible for everyone to escape.

In conclusion, large blocks of flats may be offer a cheaper living option, but they
also offer people lower quality accommodation with serious fire risks.
 Sample12
People attend colleges or universities for many different reasons (for example, new
experiences, career preparation, increased knowledge etc.). Why do you think people

attend colleges or universities?

People primarily enrol in a college or university to achieve the necessary education and
degree they require to build a career. Apart from the career, people seek higher studies
to gain knowledge, to enhance social status and learn more about diverse cultures.

The current society and its educational structures are far different than they had been a
century back when a self-educated person could gain a good career and parents could
arrange private tutors to ensure their children’s education. But in today’s world,
universities are the authority to declare a person to have the necessary education to be
ready for the job. People are going to universities because this is the most common way
of getting the education. The sole purpose of a college or university is to ensure the
proper theoretical and moral education to build the ideal citizens the country needs and
this is the system which is unquestionably accepted by the society. People who do not
have the plan to use their certificate to get a job either because they have other career
plans or may be blessed with inherited fortune.

Many go to these educational institutes to learn values, gather ideas and education they
require to be good humans. In fact, education is a borderline between a savage person
and a good man and this is another reason the society has adopted the idea of
education for all.

Some people go to universities to get further education to enhance their horizon or to

improve their job position and salary. Others go to the colleges and universities to let the
world know that they are educated. Funny this may seem but many people simply
consider the higher education as the status they require to get a higher position in the
society.

In conclusion, education, experiencing diverse cultures and customs, getting prepared

for the future career, improving job position, subject matter interests and social status are
the main reasons for people to attend colleges and universities.
 Why people attend colleges or universities?

 University degree nowadays is mandatory to apply for a good job. To find better job
opportunity after graduation and having higher salary are thus the main reasons many
students get enrolled in a college or university.
 This is the most common and perhaps the only method nowadays to enhance our
knowledge and skills.
 Becoming familiar with the latest technology, including computer, digital systems, or
medicine.
 Better social status. After graduation, socially they have higher prestige among their
family, friends, or other people.
 More probable to be able to apply and become prosperous a highly qualified
graduate abroad.
 To improve their social skills by meeting more educated people.
 To gain training and practical education.
 These days without the certification from colleges and universities it is almost
impossible for someone to claim a good job or to be certified to practice in a specialised
field of work.
 To learn the values, ideas, knowledge and skills.
 Sometimes promotion and increments are the reasons many professionals get
enrolled in further studies in universities.
 Many people enrol in a special course offered by universities because of their
interests in this subject or to gain the knowledge they need.
 Many people get enrolled in a college or university to maintain a status.
 For many people, this is an excellent opportunity to enhance their knowledge, skill
and experience.
 University and colleges are the best places to learn about diverse cultures, people
and social skills.

Sample13
Many people believe that women make better parents than men and that is why they have
the greater role in raising children in most societies. Others claim that men are just as

good as women at parenting.

Parental responsibilities and roles are very important for the parents to make their children
prepared for the future. The way a father or mother treats a child affects greatly for his/her
future growth both mentally and physically. If parents fail to take great care of their children,
 then those children might go astray and will claim their parents for their misfortune. Every
mother and father love his or her children more than anything in this world and they expect
them to be great persons and well established in future. Throughout the human history,
mothers mainly take care of the children and do most of the works for the children. On the
contrary, men are mainly busy outside the home to earn the living for the whole family.

This is not to say that men are not of importance in children caring and they do not know their
kids. They are most necessary if children are to appreciate fully the roles of both sexes. But
women have proven themselves superior parents as a result of their condition, their less
aggressive natures and they are generally better to communicate with kids. Men remain busy
at their works and have to stay outside the home most of the time, but women have lots of
spare times to share with their children. From the time they are little girls, females learn about
nurturing. First with dolls and later perhaps with younger brothers and sisters; girls are given
the role of career. Girls see their mothers in the same roles and so it is natural that they
identify this as a female activity. Boys, in contrast, learn competitive roles far removed from
what it means to nurture. While boys may dream of adventures, girls' conditioning means
they tend to see the future in terms of raising families. Girls also appear to be less aggressive
than boys. In adulthood, it is men, not women, who prove to be the aggressors in crime and
in war. Obviously, in raising children, a more patient, gentle manner is preferable than a more
aggressive one. Although there certainly exists gentlemen and aggressive women, by and
large, females are less likely to resort to violence in attempting to solve problems.

But if we consider that all women are good for their children and men can not raise a kid
properly then perhaps it would be a partial judgment. Is not there any family where the
mother has died or not present and it is the father who takes care of the children as well as
does jobs outside? Certainly, there are lots. In third world countries, fathers are
comparatively more educated than the mothers and the take care of their children's
education greatly. A child needs the affection and caring of both father and mother.

Who can be the better parent? Men or Women?

Women are better than men at parenting:

 Mothers have a closer sensational relationship to their offspring than fathers because
of a better bonding between them and their children.
 Women usually spend more time with their children than men because, in many
countries, they are usually less engaged in working.
 Genetically women can be socially active and communicate better with their
surrounding than the men can.
 As a role of mother, mothers can transfer their experience to their daughters to
become perfect mothers in the future.
 A child spends most of the times, it's childhood with the mother and thus mothers
have a better understanding of their offspring.
 Genetically mothers have better quality in taking care of their children.

Men are better than women at parenting:

 Men have been more responsible to their family financially, so they can transfer their
experience to their children far better than the women can.
 Males’ hormones help better them to be more flexible to difficult situations happening
in their real life, and they can transfer their experience to their boys.
 Fathers are usually more serious in punishing of their children than mothers, so they
can control better their children to avoid crime.
 In many societies, fathers have better educational qualifications and diverse
experience. That’s why they can better prepare their children for the future.
 A father makes future of the child financially secure.
 Men's contribution to a child's development is found to be more effective when it
comes to imbibing discipline

Sample14
World history suggests that violence and conflict were more evident under
male leadership than under female leadership. So, for peace to prevail,

female leadership can be considered as a better option than male leadership.

(Disagreement: Denied the fact that violence and conflict were less under female
leadership)
The human history has been violence and conflict-stricken since the beginning of the
human existence. If we look back in history or to the world around us, we see wars,
conflict, power struggles and revolutions, peace making kings, prudent emperors and
ruthless rulers. History also reveals that society has always been predominantly male
dominated, with leaders and rulers mainly being men. It is, hence, easy to blame the
ruler and put the responsibility of atrocities on the shoulders of men. But a deeper
perspective always reveals to historians that conflict is a generic tendency of humans.
So peace being disturbed is not the liability of men only, but humans in general, and a
power shift, from men to women, is destined to be futile in prevailing peace.

Most of the women who are known to be great till date, e.g. Queen Isabella of Spain,
Queen Mary, a.k.a. Bloody Mary, Victoria, and Elizabeth of Britain, all have ruled over a
vast spectrum of power. And they often have done so ruthlessly, achieving goals with an
iron hand. They have waged wars that are barely comparable to only a few of those
devised by men. These women are not anomalies of history, but examples from
numerous others, who went beyond the boundaries of gender in the path of prevailing in
power while expanding peace whenever they deemed it to be expandable.

The two greatest wars of modern history, World Wars I & II, have taught us that wars are
impersonal. Race, religion, nationality, sex are only pretences to the universally human
lust for power. It is true that during both the global conflicts men were in the rulers’
thrones. But it will be foolish to say that Margaret Thatcher, the famed Iron Lady who
spared no road against a minnow enemy in the war of Falkland, would be more
peacefully diplomatic than how the greats Winston Churchill and Franklyn D. Roosevelt
had been tackling the Axis of Hitler.

The gender issue is only a determinant in the battle of the sexes, not the battles among
nations and peoples. It is therefore, impertinent, if not irrational, to conclude that world
conflicts result from the rule of a particular gender and the finer sex would do a better job
at prevailing peace if selectively put at the helm of human nations.

Sample15
Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of
the following topic:
To solve the ever-increasing environmental hazards throughout the world, the best way is

to increase the price of fuel.

There are several reasons that are causing the environmental harms and this has become an
urgent issue to discuss and bring a solution about. The number of ever increasing cars is one
of the reasons that leads to affect the environment negatively and there are some
assumptions that increasing the fuel price would solve this problem. But the reality would be
different, and increased fuel price will cause lots of other problems while it would contribute
very little to reduce the environmental pollutions and hazards. So this can’t be the best
solution in any way.
First of all, the maximum numbers of cars are owned by the rich people and fuel price would
not restrain them from using the cars. The price of fuel, in fact, increased significantly over
the past 12 years and that has done nothing to reduce the car usages. On the contrary, the
number of cars running on the roads has increased more than expected. Besides, the fuel
price determines the market prices of other daily necessary products and increasing the price
would only bring misery to the low and medium earning class population. Electronic
wastages, industries, household electrical devices, deforestation, chemical wastages,
unthoughtful activities of people are causing more damage to the mother earth than the gas
omission by the cars. We should focus on those aspects as well before increasing the price
of fuel just based on an assumption.
The main idea of increasing the fuel price is to reduce the number of cars running in the
street and to restrain the car owners from using the cars less. But that would prove to be a
ridiculous solution especially when car owners are mostly high earning class and they would
not bother about the fuel price.

The best solution to address this utmost concerning issue is to introduce an environment
friendly energy source like solar energy system, to improve the public transportation system
& train system so that people mostly use these systems instead of always using their own
cars, increasing the awareness of the people so that they do not directly contribute to harm
the environment, and making strict rules so that deforestation, chemical wastages and other
harmful ways of environmental pollutions get reduced.

Sample16
Safety standards are important when building people's homes. Who should be responsible
for enforcing strict building codes – the government or the people who build the homes?

(Viewpoint: Both Government & People should be careful and

responsible)
People aspire to build their homes to suit their tastes as well as that of their family. While
several houses are constructed on a regular basis, there have been questions on the safety
standards adopted in such constructions, thus endangering not only the lives of
homeowners but also of those in the neighbourhood and the society at large. While some
people opine that the responsibility of ensuring a quality construction lies with the
owners, there are others who believe that the onus lies with the government. This essay
will discuss both points of view.

To begin, houses that are being constructed by those in the lower income groups do look
at the most cost effective option. In the process, they invariably explore cheaper options
that include a compromise on material and construction quality. This ultimately leads to a
house construction that is inferior and might not comply with even the basic safety
standards. For example, there are several instances where even a moderate amount of
rainfall has led to the houses getting washed away. There are also cases where minor
tremors have led to the collapse of the entire building. Further, compromising on the
quality of electrical wiring can lead to short circuit and hence a fire, that can affect not
just the house owner, but can lead to severe loss of lives and property in the entire
neighbourhood

In my opinion, the solution to the problem lies with having a regulatory body to monitor the
quality of building constructions. The regulatory body should be under the Government. The
safety standards and the minimum specification of materials that can be used in any house
constructions need to be clearly defined. This should include essential parameters such as
foundation strength, structure strength, electrical wiring specification, water resistant material etc.

Further, at various stages of construction, the owner needs to approach the authority for approval.
Upon such requests, the authority needs to carry random audits before approval. This would not
only put a system in place but also serves as a deterrent to house owners who intend to
compromise on construction quality.

In conclusion, while the quality of house constructions at present pose a grave danger to the
society, there is certainly an opportunity in this challenge, to put forth a system that would be
robust and go a long way in ensuring that building constructions of the future adhere to the
specified standards and are completely safe to both the owners as well as the society at large

Sample17
Many office authorities impose a restriction on smoking within the office premises. Some
governments have even banned smoking in all public places. This is a good idea but it

takes away some of our freedom.

(Agreement: Smoking should be banned in office premises and public places)
There is no scope of argument that cigarette smoking is harmful both for the smoker and people
around him/her. Cigarette smoking has two major effects on non-smokers-injurious passive
smoking and smoking display that has an invitational or persuasive effect on non-smokers. I
believe banning smoking in public places and offices not only will discourage smoking but will
also keep the smoking practice out of site, though it might apparently look like transgress into
smoker’s freedom. But I believe any harmful activity of a particular person or group of people can
not be a definition of freedom. If smoking right in any place is a definition of freedom then why
not other drugs? In m opinion, every public place including office must be smoking free.
There are several reasons that government and private authorities are being strict on smoking in
offices and even public places. Firstly, this is an accepted fact that smoking is injurious and
deadly to health in several ways. Secondly, smoking causes health hazards to non-smokers who
inhale smoke passively from the smokers. Thirdly, smoking has a strong psychologically
influence on others, particularly on children and young who learns from their elderly. Fourthly, in
many countries, the cost of health care and insurance has gone up due to smoking related
illnesses. So health authorities and governments are trying to have been seen that due to the
restrictions, the habit of smoking is on a decline among office goers.

Though non-smokers think that restricting smoking in offices and public places is a good
idea, smokers often view it as an intervention into their right. Smokers argue that cigarette
smoking has a direct relation to their workplace performance, though passive smoking
can cause objections from colleagues. But considering the harm of smoking it should be
banned.

Though pressure groups such as tobacco companies may discourage restrictions on

smoking, since the advantages of ban outweigh the disadvantages, mass public support
such bans. Moreover, offices have the right to regulate staff behaviour and activities and
governments too can ban smoking in public places for a greater societal benefit.

In conclusion, restricting smoking in workplaces and in public is a good idea. I can also
understand the opinion of smokers that banning smoking in such places limits their work
speed but I believe with little practice and determination they can overcome it. So I
strongly support the idea of prohibiting smoking in any public place including the office
premises

Sample18
Nowadays, more and more foreign students are going to English-Speaking countries to
learn the “international language – English". It is undoubtedly true that studying English
in an English-speaking country is the best way, but it is not the only way to learn it.
Do you agree or disagree with the above statement
(Disagreement: It is the only best way to learn it)
Language is a skill and like any other skill, it can be best achieved through practising. Being
in an English speaking country gives a competitive advantage of learning it faster and in a
more efficient way than other ways and that why I consider learning English can be best
achieved by being in an English speaking country.

Many people would argue that, if learning English in only possible by living in an English
country ho come people with really good English can exist when they have never been to an
English-speaking country. Yes, it is true that proper study and determination to grasp the
language can bring success to a person without living in a non-English-speaking country but
there are some gaps yet. The amount of effort someone needs to put in learning the
language would be much more compared to someone living in an English speaking country.

Firstly, being in an English speaking country would make the learner to communicate in this
language all the time and being in such a situation helps learn faster and more competently.
They would learn the language through practical experiences and that is more important than
reading tomes of grammatical rules from textbooks.

Second, the language is not merely how it is defined in the grammar books and how the
words are spelt. Rather it is a natural ability to express the feelings and thought to someone
else in an effective way and it is quite impossible to become a natural thinker of a language
without actually being in an environment where this is the only languag

Learning from experience is better than learning from text and that makes an English
speaking country living person more competent than a non-English speaking country living
person in terms of the command of the language. When the first person communicates
naturally and without any brainstorming, the later one would do that as less accurately.
Pronunciation and language style is very important in terms of communicating English and
that can be best learned from the native speakers of this language and that’s why being in an
English speaking country to learn the language is the best way. Because of this realisation,
thousands of people from different parts of the world are coming to English Speaking
countries to learn the language.

In conclusion, though a language can be learned through reading, practice and other good
ways, being in a country where this language is the native language is the best way to learn
it.

Sample18
Do you support that the nuclear technology should be used for constructive purposes?

Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples
and relevant evidence.
Alternative answer 2: (Viewpoint: Nuclear technology should be used
positively for the benefit of the human.)
Like any other technological invention, the nuclear power has a great potential to be used
positively for the betterment of the people and at the same time, it can cause disaster if
used negatively. So the use of nuclear technology and its possible destructive power is an
issue which is much debated and in my opinion, we should use this power positively for
the benefit of the human.

First of all, the technology contains power and this power can both be positively and
harmfully used. Nothing is wrong with the technology or tool but with the people who
actually command it. We can’t think of the modern life without the use of cell phone, TV,
refrigerator etc. and are not they causing harm to the environment? Yes they are, and a
single gas cylinder can be used to cook foods and then feed people or run vehicles and on
the contrary can be used to blow up a house. Only because the gas has the power to blow
a house does not abstain us from using it for our benefits.

Second, most of the countries in the world, except few rich countries, struggle for the
electricity and similar energy powers and can’t improve because of the scarcity of it. The
nuclear power can be a great source of energy for these countries and can be a very
effective solution for them to improve their life standard and overall economic status.

In every sphere of life, we need energy: from irrigation to hospital operation and the use
of nuclear energy can ensure better lives for us. Obviously, the nuclear power possesses a
great power that can destroy a city or even a country if not properly handles, but this is
not the reason we should completely forget about a power that can change the world.

In conclusion, we should learn from our past mistakes about the explosions of the nuclear
centres and then come with better solutions to use this power towards the betterment of
mass people.

Sample19

The 21st century has begun. What changes do you think this new century will bring?

The new century comes with a different technology, inventions, political and social
changes and also brings the new brutality in human history and the 21st century has
already brought many changes in the world and human lives and certainly there are yet
more changes to come.
First of all, the technological changes and updates would become more frequent and the
use of the internet, cell phone and computers would become widespread. Even in very
remote areas people would use these technological advances and that would both
positively and negatively affect their lifestyle. Second, the religious fanaticism would
diminish and except few fanatic people, most other would live a life where religion would
bring little conflicts. Third, the improvements in genetic engineering and medical science
would improve the way of people live as it would eradicate many deadly diseases.
However, the history suggests that new devastating diseases would emerge without any
cure. Fourth, the conflict among nations would become more economic than the doctrine
and politics. The world would be divided in terms of capitalism and socialism and new
political dogma would appear in many countries.

Fifth, People would learn more about the outer space as the experiment and scientific
research on outer space are going on more steadily than ever. Sixth, the nuclear power
would replace the traditional power sources and at the same time many countries would
possess the nuclear power and that would always be a threat to the world. I would not be
surprised if nuclear war takes place in this century and destroy a great number of
countries. Then people would explore the sea resources as the land resources would be
less in number and that would be a great new source for people.

In conclusion, the world would have newer technologies and a better life expectation in
this century while the political conflict would arise and that might lead to destruction. At
the same time, people would learn more about the outer space and sea resources more
than ever.

Sample20
We are becoming increasingly dependent on computers. They are used in business,
hospitals, crime detection and even to fly planes. What things will they be used in the
future? Is this dependence on computers a good thing or should we be more suspicious of
their benefits?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.

Today, the computer has become an indispensable tool in our day-to-day activities. In
fact, we find it very difficult to get through a working day without it. In this essay, we will
 discuss the usage of computers in the foreseeable future. Also, we will analyse how this
dependency will have negative impacts on the society.

To begin with, computers can be used in performing daily chores at the house. For
instance, cleaning of the home can be done with the minimum effort and time with the
advent of robot maids. In addition, teachers can use computers for teaching their students
by staying at their own place. In other words, tutors can arrange multiple classes in
different cities at the same time by the help of this tool. Thus, it is obvious that the
computer can be used in household work as well as for teaching purpose in the coming
future.

However, inordinate usage of this tool has many disadvantages. First of all, human beings
will be replaced by this machine leading to the increase in the unemployment which is
intrinsically tied to the rate of the crime within the nation. Furthermore, the absence of
physical presence of teachers in the classroom can raise the problems of discipline within
the students. In other words, social development of these pupils will be harmed and
thereby, will cause a hindrance in the nation's social growth.

From above, it can be seen that computers will be used for various activities at home as
well as at educational institutions in the future. But, excessive utilisation of this machine
can boost the issues related to job causing rise in the crime and afflict the young people's
development. It is thus hoped that people will be made aware of the harmfulness of
relying too much on computers.

hat things computers will be used in the future?

 In space exploration, the breakthrough in robots will lead humans to have access
farthest planets and stars. While robots have been sent to Mars, they could be sent to
farther stars.
 In medicine, digitalization will revolutionise distant microsurgery, procedures which
are controlled from a distance, helping people all over the world to be cured far better than
being expected.
 Criminals and crimes will be detected far easier ways than now. More highly-tech
satellites will be used to track fugitives escaping from jail or criminals escaping from the
crime scene by using of more developed digital sensors.
 Present communication systems like fax, mail or telegram will be just history for the
next coming generation.
 Customers will be able to find, select, and purchase their favourite item through the
web far simpler. For example, digital scent technology will help people to smell the items
via online shopping.
 Pilotless passenger planes will be used be aviation companies as avian digitalization
will develop more.
 Undersea exploration and reaching in the deeper sea level would be possible. That
would enhance our knowledge about the creatures of the sea and would help us to find
more resources for our foods and other needs.
 The computer would replace many manual labours in most of the manufacturing
companies.
 Traffic controls both in the highways and air would be fully automated and any
violation of traffic rules would be detected and fined instantly.
 Weather forecasts would be pretty accurate and reliable forecasts of natural
calamities would be easier to predict.
 Devastating weapons would be designed and used with the help of computer
technology in the near future.
 Mathematics, statistics, chemistry and Physics would enhance further with the high
speed and unimaginable calculating power of the computers.
 Teachers would be able to arrange multiple classes in different locations at the same
time by the help of computer based educations tools and the internet.

Arguments: Why the dependency on computers is a good thing.

 In many cases where calculation and long hour works are required, computers are
more reliable than humans. The amount of calculation a supercomputer can do in few
seconds would take the entire lifetime for a human.
 We can save our time. Computers assist us uploading data faster than other devices.
They can also contain massive data in a tiny storage device.
 They are more economical. By spending few hundred dollars of money to buy a
laptop, we can improve many other abilities. For instance, online courses are less
expensive than the regular training, so we have to have a computer and Internet for
connection.
 To save information and files, less space is needed when it comes to using
computers.
 They can be used in workplaces which are hazardous for the human.
 Humans are biologically unable to reach certain places like far away in the space or
bottom of the sea where computer-riven robots could be sent.
 Computers follow our instructions and always act as they were made. Their usages
are controlled by the human. So negative aspects of computers are not their fault, the fault
is ours.

Sample21
It is said that "Not everything that is learned is contained in books".

Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained
from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
(Notion : Knowledge gained from books plays a very important role in the modern
life)

People are learning and practising through their entire life. I believe that life experience
and practice are the basic reasons of the humankind's evolution. However, in my opinion,
knowledge gained from books plays a very important role in the modern life.

The most obviously important advantage of books is that they hold all knowledge gained
by previous generations. People write books about their discoveries and inventions, which
are gained through practice and experience. This knowledge is accumulated in books that
are passed from generation to generation. So, basically, people get all knowledge about
the previous achievements from books, analyse it and then, according to their experience
and new data, write new books. In this case, books are the holders of humankind's
experience.

For example, at old times people thought that the Earth was flat. It was concluded from
observations and studying. However, the next generations, using the experience of their
ancestors, proved that the Earth was round. Personally, I think that books are very
important because they are able to give people the basic and fundamental knowledge.
Books store history, the important events and discoveries. Without them, it is difficult and
sometimes impossible to move forward, make new discoveries and inventions.

To summarise, I think a person should take basic knowledge from books because it will
help him to make his own inventions, conclusions and discoveries. Only using both books
and one’s experience one can move forward.

In favour of Books:
 Books are important to raise our concept about important subjects affecting our life,
like science, nature, or health.
 The materials we learn from books can help us to become more competitive in our
real life, at our job or study.
 Books increase our abstract thinking. We will be able to have better conceptual
thoughts if we analysis them before by reading more books.
 Reading more books, we will have better basics to create better frames in practice.
Those only trusting on their sole experience may make more mistakes.
 Books improve our self-confidence. Reading about experts’ opinions, we will able to
rely more on performance in practice.
 Books can help us to become successful businesspersons than those who just rely
on their experience.
 Humans can save their money as they read more due to using other professionals’
knowledge and experience written in books.
In favour of Practical Experience:
 Practical lessons help us to have more deeply understanding, while theory learned
from books will be forgotten far easier.
 Having a better experience, we can save our time. We may have to review several
times a book to learn about its subjects, while by having enough experience it is not
necessary we review them.
 By having more practice, we will become more flexible to critical conditions.
 Experience assists us to become more socially active. Instead of studying materials
in an isolated condition, for example in a library, we can meet more people by practising
more.
Sample 22
Fatherhood ought to be emphasized as much as motherhood. The idea that women are
solely responsible for deciding whether or not to have babies leads on to the idea that they
are also responsible for bringing the children up.

To what extent do you agree or disagree with the statement?

You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your answer
with examples and relevant evidence

I believe that child-rearing should be the responsibility of both parents and that, whilst the
roles within that partnership may be different, they are nevertheless equal in importance.
In some societies, it has been made easier over the years for single parents to raise
children on their own. However, this does not mean that the traditional family, with both
parents providing emotional support and role-models for their children, is not the most
satisfactory way of bringing up children.
Of crucial importance, in my opinion, is how we define 'responsible for bringing the
children up'. At its simplest, it could mean giving the financial support necessary to
provide a home, food and clothes and making sure the child is safe and receives an
adequate education. This would be the basic definition.

There is, however, another possible way of defining that part of the quotation. That would
say it is not just a father's responsibility to provide the basics for his children, while his
wife involves herself in the everyday activity of bringing them up. Rather, he should share
those daily duties, spend as much time as his job allows with his children, play with
them, read to them, help directly with their education, participate very fully in their lives
and encourage them to share his.

It is this second, fuller, concept of 'fatherhood' that I am in favour of, although I also
realise how difficult it is to achieve sometimes. The economic and employment situation
in many countries means that jobs are getting more, not less, stressful, requiring long
hours and perhaps long journeys to work as well. Therefore it may remain for many a
desirable ideal rather than an achievable reality.

Sample23
Without capital punishment (the death penalty) our lives are less secure and crimes of
violence increase. Capital punishment is essential to control violence in society.

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

(Agreement: Capital punishment is essential to control violence in society.)

Nowadays, the crime rate is accelerating according to many surveys. To rein this
situation, there should be a mechanism in place like jail for lifetime and death penalty
based on the severity of the crime. The government should enforce such laws to create a
high alert around the society and endorse a secure ruling to its people.

Many incidents are the best examples of imbalanced society values in the recent days.
Those are like killing someone's own mother or a plan to murder the best friend due to
immaturity. If there is no mechanism to stop such kind of incidents would severely impact
the society livelihood. Hence, capital punishment is mandatory to implicate a fear among
the people who create such violence and which ensures the peaceful life of innocent
people.
In fact, I believe the death penalty is the only way to punish the criminals as they commit
serious crimes which directly aid in controlling the violence at least to some extent. For
instance, recently a group of five men brutally raped and murdered a woman in the broad
daylight. Due to that, the high court had punished death penalty to that group which has
created a sensation as the capital punishment is very rare in my country and social
volunteers said the crime rate is gradually decreasing after that incident. Thus, violence is
effectively controlled if the capital punishment is endorsed by a society.

In some society, the crime is so violent and severer that the government and the law
enforcing authority have to handle that strictly. As a result, they do not have any
alternative other than imposing capital punishment. Capital punishment gives a message
that you won’t be given any second chance if you commit a serious crime like murdering
someone. This message is strongly needed in some society to control the crime rate.
Without capital punishment, you can’t ensure that the same criminal won’t commit the
crime again. You can’t actually control the crime and severe lawbreaking with the minor
punishment in all of the countries. The theme that someone who murdered another human
will regret someday and after few years would lead a dignified and free life when the
relatives and family members of the victim would remorse forever. What punishment do
you have in your mind if someone is a psychopathic killer and is out of redemption?
Minor punishment and reformation facility? This does not just make sense.

To summarise, capital punishment is important to bring down the crime ratio and to also
provide the secured life. Otherwise, ambience in the society will disturb which is not
recommended for the common man. Hence, it is advisable to imply such punishment
which leads a peaceful life with less violence in these days and also in the future.

Sample24
Some Governments say how many children a family can have in their country should be
strictly controlled. They may control the number of children someone has through taxes.
Is It sometimes necessary and right for a government to control the population in this
way?

Do you agree or disagree with this policy?

Model Answer 3: (Agreement)

Nowadays high population and population control have become two big critical issues all
over the world. Some people of today’s society are of the opinion that it is the
government’s sole concern how they will control the population of these countries while
others oppose the idea but my inclination is toward the former.

On one hand, it is argued that it is family's responsibility to decide the number of children
they will have. The most vital argument for the reason which can initially be mentioned is
that it is the interference of human rights if a government decides the number of family
member. It seems human basic right how they build and raise their family. For example,
financially solvent people can raise a big family and they might want to have more
children. Moreover, now people live in the global village and scatter the skilled
manpower throughout the other countries and it’s the prominent solution of
overpopulation of any selected area. To clarify this matter, Japan is facing the problem of
negative population and Bangladesh is overcrowded. If Bangladeshi skilled people move
to Japan to help them in different jobs and development, it would be a really good
solution for both countries.

On the other hand, there is a quite plausible reason why it is essential for the government
to take various steps to control population. What can be cited first regarding this is
overpopulation is the main problem for developing and under-developed countries. It’s
their prime concern to lower birth rate. For instance, some incentives for one child and
imposing taxes for more than two children are the best ways to ensures lower birth rate. A
further point is that we are exploited our resources very badly. In the future, there will be
no natural resources for coming generations. So in order to make wise utilisation of our
gas, oil and minerals, we need to control the population. Last but not least it is difficult to
maintain big family and ensure proper education for them.

In a nutshell taking all the aforementioned pros and cons into account, I personally opine
that government should control the population of the country for the betterment of the
human civilisation.

Sample25
In many countries, children are engaged in some kind of paid work. Some people regard
this as completely wrong, while others consider it as valuable work experience, important
for learning and taking responsibility.

What are your opinions on this issue?

In the past few years, life has become really tough for many people and because of the
ever increasing living expenses some people send their children to earn to lessen the load.
In some cases, children of fatherless families have no other choice but to start working for
a living and supporting the family.

In fact, children going to work has become a very common issue that has been discussed
by many human rights organisations. In my opinion, the young children must be brought
up to be responsible and be able to face the difficulties of life and hence they should start
working from the early ages.

I strongly recommend the tradition of working for children who are not intending to
participate in academic institutions, those who want to work in trade and business,
carpentry, blacksmithing or any other craft-related jobs. It's very useful to be engaged in
paid work from the early age as it would increase the skill and experience they need to
run a successful business. Imagine that a young child whose parents want him to the run
the family business as a blacksmith and send him to school to have a good education, and
can’t support the expense, would actually do more harm than good to the children.
Eventually, he would become more frustrated and won’t be able to run the business the
way he should have been.

So why go to school and university if your parents can’t afford it? In my belief, it's less
expensive and more effective to learn this craft works from the young age by going to
learn and work practically, and that, of course, will give him valuable experience. On the
other hand, working from the early age teaches people to become more responsible and
practical. We might go against the idea of child labour in first world country but the
scenarios in a third world country are completely different. In those countries, there are
thousands of families where children are the primary earner. The country can’t ensure the
education and living of these families and hence they do not have the right to abolish the
early childhood working trends.
In conclusion, I am not with the idea of children's work in all the circumstances, but in
certain situations as I have illustrated. If the child is looking forward to having a good
profession in a large organisation, I don't think that going to early work is a good idea.

Sample26
When a country develops its technology, the traditional skills and ways of life die out. It
is pointless to try and keep them alive.

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

The technological revolution affects all countries around the world in many ways
significantly. It seems that the traditional skills and the ways life used to be present have
disappeared. This essay will discuss how the technology has led to this case and whether
it is worth attempting to save people's traditional life or not.

To begin with, there are various reasons why traditional skills no longer exist as it was
many years ago. One major reason is the development of technology. For illustrations,
modern technology has been used for many tasks such as agriculture, industries, and the
machines have replaced people’s manual tasks in most cases. Moreover, the internet alters
the way of communication dramatically; instead of visiting family these days, for
example, people speak with each other over the phone or chat using social media like
Facebook or Twitter. Perhaps, that is why the traditional skills are expiring with the
demand if time and modernization.

Let's move to another point in the statement: some people argue that the traditional
experience shouldn't be saved. The principal reason for their opinion is that global
advertising encourages everyone to buy the same products. For instance, people wear
similar clothes, rather than traditional costumes, and eat from the same types of
restaurants such as KFC and Mac Donald and their branches are present all over the
world. This shows that it does not make sense to keep the traditional skills alive.

To conclude, this essay has looked at the possible reasons of die out of traditional life,
such as the revolution in technology and popularity of the internet, and also the reason
why it is aimless to keep them alive.

Sample28
The threat of nuclear weapons maintains the world peace. Nuclear power provides cheap
and clean energy. The benefits of nuclear technology far out-weight the disadvantages.

Do you agree or disagree?

Some countries are developing their nuclear weapons these days, and it becomes a serious
threat to the world peace. But it is undeniable that nuclear technology is clean for the
environment and offers low-cost energy source. Therefore a lot of people believe that
nuclear technology has more positive sides than its negatives. I personally disagree with
the statement and the following essay will discuss in details about it.

To begin with, even though nuclear power could be used as an alternative source of
energy, but some parties could misuse the technology. Nuclear power plants can be used
as propaganda by some countries, whereas they will tell the public that they only use the
technology for power generation purposes. But, the public would never know what lies
behind their plants, as they might be developing an advanced and sophisticated nuclear
weapons.

And then, although nuclear power plants are safe to the environment and cheaper in cost,
many people still believe that they are a serious threat to the surrounding areas. Some
countries have tried to manage their nuclear power plants cautiously, but sometimes
unexpected events happen and cause a serious effect on the surrounding areas. For
example, it is undeniable that Japan is well known for its advanced, effective and modern
nuclear technology. But in the year 2010, a tsunami had struck one of the country’s power
plants, and as a consequence, it caused a leakage in the plants and many casualties were
found.

I believe that that weapon of much destruction is always a threat to the world and it is
hard to believe that a weapon can maintain world peace. The history tells us how the
weapons have destroyed millions of lives and have caused severe damage to our
environment.
In conclusion, although nuclear technology could be used as a clean and cheap source of
energy, I strongly disagree with it. Even though strict monitoring is made sure for those
nuclear plant and research centres, some countries might secretly use it as a weapon. And
then, no matter how well the power plants are built, they could still be a threat for our
civilisations, as we could never predict that any natural disaster could hit these power
plants anytime.

Sample29
Nowadays, international tourism is the biggest industry in the world. Unfortunately,
international tourism creates tension rather than understanding between people from
different cultures.

Today the world is more connected than any time before and people from all over the
countries can arrive at their destination within 24 hours. However, while this possibility
permits to millions of individuals to encounter different cultures every year, the
phenomenon of the international tourism brings also conflicts between people with
different habits and costumes.

To begin, tourism creates isolation more than integration. In fact, tourists prefer to look at
different places, costumes and habits like sitting in front of the television screen,
watching a documentary, more than sharing time with the indigenous population.
Furthermore, tourists don't respect foreign habits and cultures, often because they don't
understand it. For example, they throw the litter on the ground, or even worse they don't
respect their hosts’ religion.

Nevertheless, the effects of international tourism are not all negative. Sometimes tourists
fall in love with people and places they visit and decide to live in there, acting as
mediators between cultures and enhancing integration. It's the case of lots of tourist
guides that decided to move abroad and enjoy a different lifestyle and culture, trying to
share their feelings with visitors. Also speaking the language of the place we visit can
help us understand people from different cultures.

In addition, a large amount of money around the tourism business contrasts the
tendency of some countries to close their border to foreign people. This can lead to a
better comprehension of these cultures and so to integration.
In conclusion, the biggest industry in the world have to feel the need of changes in the
way tourism is structured, so it could become a mean of integration and reciprocal
understanding more than create tensions between cultures.

Writing task 1

ntroduction + Basic/ General Trends + Details Description + Summary (optional).

Each part has a specific format and therefore being equipped with the
necessary vocabulary will help you answer the task 1 efficiently and will
save a great deal of time.

Vocabulary for the Introduction Part:

Starting Presentation Type Verb Description

 The/ the given / diagram / table / shows / represents / the comparison of…
the supplied / the figure / illustration / depicts / the differences…
presented / the graph / chart / flow enumerates / the changes...
shown / the chart / picture/ illustrates / the number of…
provided presentation/ pie presents/ gives / information on…
chart / bar graph/ provides / data on…
column graph / line delineates/ outlines/ the proportion of…
graph / table data/ describes / the amount of…
data / information / delineates/ information on...
pictorial/ process expresses/ denotes/ data about...
diagram/ map/ pie compares/ shows comparative data...
chart and table/ bar contrast / indicates / the trend of...
graph and pie figures / gives data the percentages of...
chart ... on / gives the ratio of...
information on/ how the...
presents information
about/ shows data
about/
demonstrates/
sketch out/
summarises...

Example :
1. The diagram shows employment rates among adults in four European countries from
1925 to 1985.

2. The given pie charts represent the proportion of male and female employees in 6 broad
categories, dividing into manual and non-manual occupations in Australia, between 2010
and 2015.

3. The chart gives information about consumer expenditures on six products in four
countries namely Germany, Italy, Britain and France.

4. The supplied bar graph compares the number of male and female graduates in three
developing countries while the table data presents the overall literacy rate in these
countries.
5. The bar graph and the table data depict the water consumption in different sectors in
five regions.

6. The bar graph enumerates the money spent on different research projects while the
column graph demonstrates the fund sources over a decade, commencing from 1981.

7. The line graph delineates the proportion of male and female employees in three
different sectors in Australia between 2010 and 2015.

Note that, some teachers prefer "The line graph demonstrates..." format instead
of "The given line graph demonstrates...". However, if you write "The given/ provided/
presented...." it would be correct as well.
Tips:
1. For a single graph use 's' after the verb, like - gives data on, shows/ presents etc.
However, if there are multiple graphs, DO NOT use 's' after the verb.

2. If there are multiple graphs and each one presents a different type of data, you can
write which graph presents what type of data and use 'while' to show a connection. For
example -'The given bar graph shows the amount spent on fast food items in 2009 in the
UK while the pie chart presents a comparison of people's ages who spent more on fast
food.

3. Your introduction should be quite impressive as it makes the first impression to the
examiner. It either makes or breaks your overall score.

4. For multiple graphs and/ or table(s), you can write what they present in combination
instead of saying which each graph depicts. For example, "The two pie charts and the
column graph in combination depicts a picture of the crime in Australia from 2005 to
2015 and the percentages of young offenders during this period."
e General statement is the first sentence (or two) you write in your reporting. It should
always deal with:

What + Where + When.

Example: The diagram presents information on the percentages of teachers who have
expressed their views about the different problems they face when dealing with children
in three Australian schools from 2001 to 2005.
What = the percentages of teachers...
Where = three Australian schools...
When = from 2001 to 2005.....
A good General statement should always have these parts.

Vocabulary for the General Trend Part:

In general, In common, Generally speaking, Overall, It is obvious, As is observed, As a
general trend, As can be seen, As an overall trend, As is presented, It can be clearly seen
that, At the first glance, it is clear, At the onset, it is clear that, A glance at the graphs
reveals that...

Example:
1. In general, the employment opportunities increased till 1970 and then declined
throughout the next decade.

2. As is observed, the figures for imprisonment in the five mentioned countries show no
overall pattern, rather shows the considerable fluctuations from country to country.

3. Generally speaking, citizens in the USA had a far better life standard than that of
remaining countries.

4. As can be seen, the highest number of passengers used the London Underground
station at 8:00 in the morning and at 6:00 in the evening.

4. Generally speaking, more men were engaged in managerial positions in 1987 than that
of women in New York this year.

5. As an overall trend, the number of crimes reported increased fairly rapidly until the
mid-seventies, remained constant for five years and finally, dropped to 20 cases a week
after 1982.

6. At a first glance, it is clear that more percentages of native university pupils violated
regulations and rules than the foreign students did during this period.

7. At the onset, it is clear that drinking in public and drink driving were the most
common reasons for US citizens to be arrested in 2014.
8. Overall, the leisure hours enjoyed by males, regardless of their employment status,
was much higher than that of women.

The structure of the IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 (Report Writing):

Introduction:

Introduction (never copy word for word from the question) + Overview/ General trend
(what the diagrams indicate at a first glance).
Reporting Details:

Main features in the Details

+ Comparison and Contrast of the data. (Do not give all the figures.)
+ Most striking features of the graph.

Conclusion:

Conclusion (General statement + Implications, significant comments)

[The conclusion part is optional.]

1. Write introduction and General trend in the same paragraph. Some students prefer to
write the 'General Trend' in a separate paragraph and many teachers suggest the both to be
written in a single paragraph. Unless you have a really good reason to write the general
trend in the second paragraph, try to write them both in the first paragraph. However, this
is just a suggestion, not a requirement.

2. Your 'Introduction (general statement + overall trend/ general trend) should have 75 -
80 words.

3. DO NOT give numbers, percentages or quantity in your general trend. Rather give the
most striking feature of the graph that could be easily understood at a glance. Thus it is
suggested to AVOID -
"A glance at the graphs reveals that 70% male were employed in 2001 while 40 thousand
women in this year had jobs."

And use a format /comparison like the following:

"A glance at the graphs reveals that more men were employed than their female
counterpart in 2001 and almost two-third females were jobless in the same year. "
Vocabulary to Start the Report Body:

Just after you finish writing your 'Introduction' (i.e. General Statement + General
overview/ trend), you are expected to start a new paragraph to describe the main features
of the diagrams. This second paragraph is called the 'Body Paragraph / Report Body". You
can have a single body paragraph/ report body or up to 3, (not more than 3 in
any case) depending on the number of graphs provided in the question
Just after you finish writing your 'Introduction' (i.e. General Statement
+ General overview/ trend), you are expected to start a new paragraph
to describe the main features of the diagrams. This second paragraph
is called the 'Body Paragraph / Report Body". You can have a single
body paragraph/ report body or up to 3, (not more than 3 in any case)
depending on the number of graphs provided in the question and the
type of these graphs. There are certain phrases you can use to start 1.
As is presented in the diagram(s)/ graph(s)/ pie chart(s)/ table.

2. As (is) shown in the illustration...

34. As the diagrams suggest...
5. According to the...
6. Categorically speaking...
7. Getting back to the details...
8. Now, turning to the details...
9. The table data clearly shows that...
10. The diagram reveals that...
11. The data suggest that...
12. The graph gives the figure...
13. It is interesting to note that...
14. It is apparently seen that...
15. It is conspicuous that...
16. It is explicitly observed that...
17. It is obvious...
18. It is clear from the data...
19. It is worth noticing that...
20. It is crystal clear/ lucid that...
21. It can be clearly observed that...
22. It could be plainly viewed that...
23. It could be noticed that...
24. We can see that...

. As can be seen in the...

 Vocabulary to show the changes:

Trends Verb form Noun Form

Increase rise / increase / go up / uplift / rocket(ed) / a rise / an increase / an upward trend / a growt
climb / upsurge / soar/ shot up/ improve/ leap / a jump / an improvement/ a climb.
jump/ leap/ move upward/ skyrocket/ soar/
surge.

Decrease fall / decrease / decline / plummet / plunge / a fall / a decrease / a reduction / a downward
drop / reduce / collapse / deterioriate/ dip / trends /a downward tendency / a decline/ a d
dive / go down / take a nosedive / slum / slide a slide / a collapse / a downfall.
/ go into free-fall.

Steadiness unchanged / level out / remain constant / a steadiness/ a plateau / a stability/ a static
remain steady / plateau / remain the same /
remain stable / remain static

Gradual increase an upward trend / an upward tendency / a ceili

------------ trend

Gradual decrease a downward trend / a downward tendency / a

------------ descending trend

Standability/ Flat level(ed) off / remain(ed) constant /

remain(ed) unchanged / remain(ed) stable /
No change, a flat, a plateau.
prevail(ed) consistency / plateaued /
reach(ed) a plateau / stay(ed) uniform
/immutable / level(ed) out/ stabilise/
remain(ed) the same.

1. The overall sale of the company increased by 20% at the end of the year.

2. The expenditure of the office remained constant for the last 6 months but the profit
rose by almost 25%.

3. There was a 15% drop in the ratio of student enrollment in this University.
4. The population of the country remained almost the same as it was 2 years ago.

5. The population of these two cities increase significantly in the last two decades and it
is expected that it will remain stable during the next 5 years.

1. Use 'improve' / 'an improvement' to describe a situation like economic condition or

employment status. To denote numbers use other verbs/nouns like increase.
2. Do not use the same word/ phrase over and over again. In fact, you should not use a
noun or verb form to describe a trend/change more than twice; once is better!

3. To achieve a high band score you need to use a variety of vocabulary as well as
sentence formations.

Vocabulary to represent changes in graphs:

Type of Adverb form Adjective form

Change
 Rapid dramatically / rapidly /
change sharply / quickly /
hurriedly / speedily /
swiftly / significantly/
considerably /
substantioally / noticably.
dramatic / rapid / sharp /
quick / hurried / speedy /
swift / significant /
considerable / substantial /
noticable.

Moderate moderately / gradually / moderate / gradual /

change progressively / progressive / sequential.
sequentially.

Steady steadily/ ceaselessly. steady/ ceaseless.

change

Slight slightly / slowly / mildly / slight / slow / mild /

change tediously. tedious.

Example:
1. The economic inflation of the country increased sharply by 20% in 2008.

2. There was a sharp drop in the industrial production in the year 2009.

3. The demand for new houses dramatically increased in 2002.

4. The population of the country dramatically increased in the last decade.

5. The price of the oil moderately increased during the last quarter but as a consequence,
the price of daily necessity rapidly went up

cabulary to represent frequent changes in graphs:

Type of Change Verb form Noun form

Rapid ups and wave / fluctuate / oscillate / waves / fluctuations /

downs vacillate / palpitate oscillations /
vacillations / palpitations

Example:
1. The price of the goods fluctuated during the first three months in 2017.

2. The graph shows the oscillations of the price from 1998 to 2002.

3. The passenger number in this station oscillates throughout the day and in early
morning and evening, it remains busy.

4. The changes of car production in Japan shows a palpitation for the second quarter of
the year.

5. The number of students in debate clubs fluctuated in different months of the year and
rapid ups and downs could be observed in the last three months of this year.

Tips:
1. 4. DO NOT try to present every single data presented in a graph. Rather pick 5-7 most
significant and important trends/ changes and show their comparisons and contrasts.
2. The question asks you to write a report and summarise the data presented in graphs(s).
This is why you need to show the comparisons, contrasts, show the highest and lowest
points and most striking features in your answer, not every piece of data presented in the
diagram(s).

Great change / Huge difference:

Adjectives Adverbs
Overwhelming Overwhelmingly
Substantial Substantially
Enormous Enormously

Big change / Big difference:

Adjectives Adverbs
Significant Significantly
Considerable Considerably

Medium change / Moderate difference:

Adjectives Adverbs
Somewhat Somewhat
Moderate Moderately

Minor change / Small difference:

Adjectives Adverbs
Fractional Fractionally
Marginal Marginally
Slight Slightly

Dates, Months & Years related vocabulary and grammar:

» From 1990 to 2000, Commencing from 1980, Between 1995 and 2005, After 2012.
» By 1995, In 1998, In February, Over the period, During the period, During 2011.
» In the first half of the year, For the first quarter, The last quarter of the year, During the
first decade.
» In the 80s, In the 1980s, During the next 6 months, In the mid-70s, Next 10 years,
Previous year, Next year, Between 1980 - 1990.
» Within a time span of ten years, within five years.
» Next month, Next quarter, Next year, Previous month, Previous year.
» Since, Then, From.

Percentage, Portion and Numbers:

Percentages:
10% increase, 25 percent decrease, increased by 15%, dropped by 10 per cent, fall at
50%, reached to 75%, tripled, doubled, one-fourth, three-quarters, half, double fold,
treble, 5 times higher, 3 timers lower, declined to about 49%, stood exactly at 43%.

Fractions:
4% = A tiny fraction.
24% = Almost a quarter.
25% Exactly a quarter.
26% = Roughly one quarter.
32% Nearly one-third, nearly a third.
49% = Around a half, just under a half.
50% Exactly a half.
51% = Just over a half.
73% = Nearly three quarters.
77% = Approximately three quarter, more than three-quarter.
79% = Well over three quarters.

Proportions:
2% = A tiny portion, a very small proportion.
4% = An insignificant minority, an insignificant proportion.
16% = A small minority, a small portion.
70% = A large proportion.
72% = A significant majority, A significant proportion.89% = A very large proportion.
89% = A very large proportion.
ords/ Phrases of Approximation - Vocabulary:

» Approximately
» Nearly
» Roughly
» Almost
» About
» Around
» More or less
» Just over
» Just under
» Just around
» Just about
» Just below
» A little more than
» A little less than.
What criteria would a band 9 graph response satisfy?

Task Achievement:
A) Fully satisfies all the requirements of the task.
B) Clearly presents a fully developed response.
What will be assessed by the examiner?
a) How appropriately, accurately and relevantly you fulfil your task requirements.
b) How accurately you write your report and how appropriately you present the data
(compare/ contrast/ show the most striking trends/ features/ data.)

Coherence and Cohesion:

A) Uses cohesion in such a way that it attracts no attention.
B) Skillfully manages paragraphing.
What will be assessed by the examiner?
a) No misinterpretation and presentation of data and trend.
b) How well you organise your paragraphs.
c) Overall clarity and fluency of your report and message.
d) How well you have organised and liked the information, data and ideas in your writing.
e) Logical sequencing and appropriate use of linking devices between and within your
sentences.
Tips:
1. Do not incorporate more than 3-4 paragraphs.
2. Do not use a single paragraph to describe everything.
3. The conclusion part is optional. If you think that you have already written more than
170 words and have nothing to say, you can skip the conclusion.

Lexical Resource:
A) Uses a wide range of vocabulary with very natural and sophisticated control of lexical
features.
B) Rare minor errors occur only as ‘slips’.
What will be assessed by the examiner?
a) The range of vocabulary you have used in your writing.
b) How accurately and appropriately you have used words/ phrases while presenting the
graph(s) as a report.

Tips: Do NOT use words/ phrases that are already given in the question. Do so only if
there is no alternative word(s)/ phrase(s) to convey the same meaning/idea.

The column graph shows employment rate variations in six countries, namely, Australia,
Switzerland, Ireland, UK, New Zealand and the USA between 1995 and 2005. As is
observed, employment rates in these countries improved and there have been notable
advancements for women in the workforce.

It is obvious that women had lower employment rates in most of the countries. For
example, in Australia in 1995, 57 percent of men had a job, but only 27 percent of women
were employed. In this year, the highest employment rates for women (70%) was in
Iceland where more than 80% men were working class.

The second biggest trend in the graph is the improvement in employment between 1995
and 2005. In all countries shown, figures for both men and women employment rates
improved. The biggest change was in the United Kingdom, from 55 percent of men in
1995 to 73 percent over the ten years period. Furthermore, the increases in employment
rates for women were much higher in New Zealand. The percentage of working women
jumped from 25 percent to 42 percent, and in the United States from 45 percent to 61
percent over the decade. In these countries, at least a 12 percent increased both for men
and women over the ten years.
The given diagram shows the stages of manufacturing and process adjustment of the
consumer goods. As is observed from the flowchart, the goods manufacturing is a
complex process which is done in several stages and information is sometimes fed back to
earlier stages to make some adjustments.

Firstly, raw materials and other components are stored together and production planning
is done. Two major process involves in the overall manufacturing process: one is
manufacturing process itself and another one is the information feedback process with
which the adjustment of the manufacturing is done. After the product research, the design
part is done and this input is used in product planning stage. After the production planning
is complete the assembly, inspection, testing and packaging stages are done sequentially.
Feedback from testing phase is used in the design stage and which led back to product
planning stage. Again, the market research affects the design and advertising stages and
inputs from the market research stage are used in the packaging stage. The final two
stages are dispatch and sales. The information flow stage gives feedback to other stages to
refine and adjust the process.

In summary, the consumer goods manufacturing process involves both the multi-staged
manufacturing and research methods. The manufacturing stages involve the storage,
assembly, inspection, packing to the sales methods whereas the research stages include
market & product research, design and advertisement.

(Approximately 231 words)

The bar chart compares the expenditure on different consumer goods by the people of
four European countries; namely Britain, France, Italy and Germany. At the first glance,
British spent more money on consumer goods while Germans spent the least.

It is worth noticing that, British spent more than 170 thousand pound sterling for
photographic films which is the highest amount spent on any consumer goods. British
also spent more than 160 thousand for purchasing Toys and CDs, which is higher than
that of by any other nation. For perfumes, tennis racquets and personal stereos, they spent
more than other nations as well. On the other hand, French people spent around 165
thousand for purchasing photographic films, which makes it the highest amount they
spent on consumer goods.

French citizens spent about 158 thousand on toys which is a tie with Italians. For
photographic films, toys and CDs, their spending totalled second highest among the given
four nations. Finally, they spent less than 150 thousand on remaining consumer goods.

Italian citizens spent around 150 thousand on personal stereos, tennis racquets and CDs
while they spent about 5 thousand more on photographic films and toys. Finally, Germans
spent the fewer amount in all consumer items than any other nation and their average
spending was 145 thousand.

The given illustration presents information on the Hawaiian Island Chain centre of the
Pacific Ocean. As is observed from the diagram, the Hawaiian island chain directly
affects the Pacific tectonic plate and because of it, this plate shifts around 7-9 centimetre
per year.

As is observed from the graph, below the Pacific Ocean, the Hawaiian island chain stands
as several volcanos which are almost 80 million years old. These volcanos stand over the
Pacific plate and the eruptions of these volcanos’ created a new volcano just over the
Magna spume. The Pacific plate is situated on solid dense rock and because of the new
volcano development; the hot spot spume remained static. The eruption process of the
volcano’s starts from as deep as 2800 km and that has spat the solid rock layer.

Major islands within 100 km of this area are Maui, Molokai, Oahu and Kauai and because
of the eruption and sliding of the plates, the centre of the Pacific Ocean is ever changing.

The table shows how people in different age groups spend their leisure time in Someland
over the course of a year. Overall, the amount of leisure time available varies
considerably across the age groups and people of different age levels have very different
ways of spending their leisure time.

According to the figures, as people age in Someland, their time for socialising reduces.
Teenagers and people in their twenties spend around 500 and 350 hours per year on
socialising with a group of more than 4 people. Although the total hours of socialising in
their 30s, 40s, 50s and 60s are fairly constant (between 300-350), socialising with more
than 4 people drops dramatically to 50 hours in the 30s and 40s age groups. Group and
individual exercise follow a similar pattern.

People of all ages spend a good part of their leisure time on entertainment such as
enjoying TV/ video and cinema. In both cases, teenagers and retired people spend around
twice as much time as those who are at working age. Home entertainment ranges from
just over a thousand hours for teenagers and retired people and an average of 600 hours
for everyone else. Cinema accounts for 100 hours of the teenagers and retired people’s
leisure and 25-50 hours for the rest. It is worth noticing that there is a significant trend
towards solitary and smaller group activities as people grow older.

The maps depict an island before and after some renovation works for tourists and
compares the changed on the island for the constructions. Generally speaking, many new
facilities have been constructed for tourists, including accommodations, restaurant,
swimming facilities etc. and those have been built without affecting the natural resources
that much.

Before the facilities were constructed, there was only trees and beach on the island and
most of the places were empty. In this island, many new tourists’ facilities have been
made including accommodation facilities, restaurant, reception centre, pier for boating,
swimming facility on the beach and so on. Interestingly plants and trees were not cut
down to build these constructions and most of the constructions were made near the
beach.

Besides, footpaths and roads for commuting have been built to facilitate the tourists. The
footpaths were made to walk between the residing places and the beach while the motor
tracks were created to visit the restaurant, reception area, and pier for boating.

In summary, the construction was mainly made to facilitate the tourists' stay, visit and
amusement and for that, no plants or trees were cut.

The given diagram shows different stages of brick manufacturing for the building
industries. Generally speaking, brick production involves 7 steps, starting from the
digging stages and ending at the delivery stage.

As is given in the graph, the first step of brick manufacturing is digging the clay with a
large digger. This clay is then filtered and processed in a roller machine and then mixed
with sand and water. In the third stage, the mixture is either kept in a mould or cut in a
wire cutter to make the raw shape of the bricks. In the next step, the shaped raw bricks are
dried for 24 to 48 hours in a drying oven. After that, the dried raw bricks are kept in a
kiln, both in moderate and high temperature, up to 1300 degree centigrade and then
placed in a cooling chamber for about 48 to 72 hours. This process makes the brick to be
packed and delivered in the final two steps. The delivery process is the final process of
brick manufacturing and as it is noted, brick making is a moderately complex process that
requires some predefined works to make it usable.

(Approximately 195 words)

The given diagram shows how the weather information is collected by Australian Bureau
of Meteorology to provide accurate and updated weather forecasting. As is observed from
the given illustration, the weather information collection is done via satellites, radars and
drifting buoys and then analysed before broadcasting them to the public.

As is presented in the diagram, the weather information is collected using three different
types of sources namely, satellites, radars and drifting buoys. The raw data collected from
satellites is basically satellite photos while radar information is observed from the radar
screens and the synoptic charts are yielded from the drifting buoys and these three types
of data are fed into a computer system to analyse and prepare the weather news for
broadcasting.
After that, the weather, the news is broadcasted in different public media like televisions,
radios and telephones. The final information regarding the weather is provided to the
public via TV news, radio broadcasting and as a recorded announcement in devices like
telephones.

he given pictorial show the life cycle of the silkworm and also shows the processes of silk
cloth productions.
The life cycle of a silkworm begins from the eggs laid by the mother worm and from
these eggs the silkworm larvae are generated after 10 days. The silkworm larva usually
eats leaves like mulberry leaves and completes the second stage of the life cycle in 4-6
weeks. In their third stage, they create silk thread shells and remain there for another 3 to
8 days and then create an oval cocoon. The cocoon stage lasts for around 16 days and
they become moth in the final stage. With time the moths become grown-up and recycle
the processes again.

The second picture describes the processes of the silk cloth production which have more
than 5 stages. In the initial stage, the silk thread shells of the silkworm are selected and
then boiled in the next stage. After boiling in water the threads are unwinded and they are
usually 300 to 900 meter long. Then these are twisted and dyed and finally, those are
weaved to silks. The twisting, dying, weaving and then dying again the process is done
more than once as per necessary to produce fine quality silks.
The line graph compares the amount of noise complaints to environment health
authorities made by people. This data has been collected during a period of 16 years in
Newtown city.

In 1980, the traffic noise started from 300 complaints per year and it stabilises until it
plummeted to a low point of 200 in 1986 till 1988, then it made a peak in 1992 and
continued to rose steadily until the end of 1996. On the other hand, the number of
complaints about heavy industries started its growth from 400 complaints in 1980 and had
steeply increased three years on, since that time it remained reasonably stable during the
next 13 years.

Although, road works started at a high point of 600 at the beginning of 1980, from 1980
onwards it declined steadily to a point of 70, respectively. However, it fluctuated slightly
through the time between 1982 and 1996. It can be seen that domestic household had the
bigger complaints amount at the end of 1996 of point 1200, even though it began at 500
in 1980.

The main summary that can be drawn from the graphs is that the bigger number of
complaints noise to environments health authorities were domestic household and road
works. They began to increase about 20% in the course of next 6 years.