1.

In terms of molecularity, the isomerization of ortho-xylene to para-xylene is a type of ______

reaction.
a Unimolecular c Trimolecular
b Bimolecular d None of the above

2. A type of feedback control system where it used for manipulated variables having only two states.
a Proportional Control c On/Off Control
b Loop Control d Proportional Integral Control

3. The dimensionless form of the heat-transfer coefficient is the

a Reynolds Number c Prandtl Number
b Biot Number d Nusselt Number

4. Refers to the type of boiling experienced when the hearing surface is surrounded by a relatively large
body of fluid which is not flowing at any appreciable velocity and is agitated only by the motion of the
bubbles and by natural-convection currents.
a Nucleate boiling c Agitated boiling
b Pool boiling d Falling film boiling

5. A ____ is a theoretical idealization for a perfect theoretical radiator, i.e., it absorbs all incident
radiation without reflection and emits isotropically.
a Whitebody c Blackbody
b Yellowbody d Redbody

6. What is the emissivity of the commonly used aluminum-surfaced roofing, estimated at 100oF?
a 0.11 – 0.19 c 0.040
b 0.039 - 0057 d 0.055

7. A plot of shear stress versus shear rate for a fluid in simple shear flow
a Velocity diagram c Stress diagram
b Histogram d Rheogram

8. Type of fluids that show increasing viscosity with increasing shear rate.
a Dilatant c Rheopectic
b Time-dependent d Viscoelastic

9. Defined as the difference between the actual property value of a solution and the value it have as
an ideal solution at the same T, P and composition.
a Excess Properties c Chemical Potential
b Property Changes of Mixing d Fugacity

10. A type of chemical reaction where a reactant reacts with a product to make more product.
a Chain Polymerization c Polymerization
b Catalytic Reaction d Autocatalytic Reaction

11. Type of polymerization reaction where the monomer and initiators are reacted without mixing to
make useful shapes directly.
a Bead Polymerization c Emulsion Polymerization
b Bulk Polymerization d Solution Polymerization

12. Dimensionless number with significant application in compressible flows.

a Dean Number c Mach Number
b Bond Number d Euler Number
13. In distillation processes, _____ is defined as the ratio which if decreased by an infinitesimal amount
would require an infinite number of stages to accomplish a specified separation between two
components.
a Reflux c Minimum Reflux
b Total Reflux d Maximum Reflux

14.
a c
b d

15.
a c
b d

16.
a c
b d

17.
a c
b d

18.
a c
b d

19.
a c
b d

20.
a c
b d

21.
a c
b d

22.
a c
b d

23.
a c
b d

24.
a c
b d

25.
a c
b d
26.
a c
b d

27.
a c
b d

28.
a c
b d

29.
a c
b d

30.
a c
b d

31.
a c
b d

32.
a c
b d

33.
a c
b d

34 – 36. A certain ideal gas (5 g) in a closed vessel exerts a pressure of 2 atm at 25oC. MM of the gas
is 16 g/mol.

34. What is the volume of the gas?

a 3.82 L c 5.72 L
b 4.56 L d 8.45 L

35. If the temperature is changed to 50oC at constant volume, what would be the new pressure?
a 5.22 atm c 3.56 atm
b 2.16 atm d 4.25 atm

36. What is the density of the gas?

a c
b d

37 – 38. Air is changed from an initial state of 277 K and 10 bar, where its molar volume is 2.28 m 3 kmol-
1 to a final state of 333 K and 1 atm. Assume for air that PV/T is constant and that Cv = 21 and Cp =
29.3 kJ kmol-1 K-1.

37. Calculate the change in internal energy.

a 2015 kJ/mol c 3003 kJ/kmol
b 1197 kJ/kmol d 2498 kJ/kmol
38. Calculate the change in enthalpy.
a 2598 kJ/mol c 2002 kJ/mol
b 1342 kJ/mol d 1658 kJ/kmol

39 – 41. Pure methane is burned with 40% excess air and 25% of its carbon content is converted to
CO, the rest CO2. 90% of its hydrogen burns to water, the rest remains as unburned H2. Air supplied is
at 23oC, 758 mmHg with 80% RH.

39. What is the percentage of CO in the stack gas (Orsat Analysis)?

a 1.96% c 3.35%
b 2.57% d 4.58%

40. Determine the m3 of air supplied per kg methane burned.

a 10.25 c 20.75
b 15.64 d 31.26

41. Determine the m3 of combustion products at 350oC and normal barometric pressure per kg
methane
a c
b d

42 – 44. Ethylene oxide is produced by the oxidation of ethylene with oxygen-enriched air:

C2H4 + O2  C2H4O

An undesired side reaction is the oxidation of ethylene to carbon dioxide:

C2H4 + O2 2CO2 + 2H2O

The feed stream to the ethylene oxide reactor consists of 45% (by mole) C2H4, 30% O2 and 25% N2. The
amounts of ethylene oxide and carbon dioxide in the product stream are 20 gmol and 10 gmol per 100
gmol of feed stream, respectively.

42. What is the total amount of stack gas produced?

a 75 mol c 60 mol
b 50 mol d 90 mol

43. What is the mole fraction of Ethylene Oxide in the stack gas?
a 0.3124 c 0.1124
b 0.2222 d 0.1111

44. What is the mole fraction of CO2 in the stack gas?

a 0.1111 c 0.2541
b 0.1984 d 0.2222

45 – 47. A material is crushed in a Blake jaw crusher such that the average size of particle is reduced
from 50 mm to 10 mm with the consumption of energy of 13.0 kW (kg/s). What would be the consumption
of energy needed to crush the same material of average size 75 mm to an average size of 25 mm:

45. Assuming Rittinger’s Law applies

a 6.54 c 7.29
b 4.33 d 5.68
46. Assuming Kick’s Law applies
a 8.88 c 6.54
b 9.56 d 4.33

47. Which of these results would be regarded as being more reliable?

a Kick’s Law c Both
b Rittinger’s Law d None

48 – 50. A furnace is fired with Sub-bituminous B (SubB) coal containing 10.3% moisture, 34% VCM and
7.7% ash. It is also known to contain 1.2% N and 1.57% S. Its calorific value is 22 MJ/kg.

48. What is the percentage of the fixed carbon (FC) in the feed?
a 56% c 37%
b 48% d 30%

49. What is the percentage of the total carbon (C) in the feed?
a 50.12% c 54.25%
b 45.62% d 65.21%

50. What is the calorific value of the VCM?

a 16.99 MJ/kg c 11.58 MJ/kg
b 14.52 MJ/kg d 19.84 MJ/kg

51 – 55. Steam comes from a boiler at 650 psia and 760oF. After expansion to 150 psia, the steam is
reheated to 760oF. Now expansion occurs to 3 in Hg abs. For the Rankine cycle with reheating (ideal
reheat cycle), calculate, for 1 lb of steam, the following:

51. The heat added

a c
b d

52. The heat rejected

a c
b d

53. Net work

a c
b d

54. The quality of the exhaust steam

a c
b d

55. Thermodynamic efficiency

a c
b d

56 – 58. A mixture (58.3 mol% n-hexane, 8.33% mol n-heptane, 33.3% steam) is cooled at a constant
pressure (1 atm) from an initial temperature of 350oF. If we assume that the hydrocarbons and water
are immiscible, calculate the following:

Given data:

ln P = A + B/T:
A = 17.7109, B = -6916.4 for n=hexane; A = 17.9184, B = -7547.4 for n-heptane; P = vapor pressure
(mm Hg), T = oR

56. Temperature at which condensation first occurs.

a c
b d

57. Composition of the first liquid phase as it appears.

a c
b d

58. Temperature at which the second liquid phase appears.

a c
b d

59 – 61. Benzene reacts with chlorine in a batch reactor to produce both mono- and dichlorobenzene
according to

C6H6 + Cl2  C6H5Cl + HCl

C6H5Cl + Cl2  C6H4Cl2 + HCl

A 1000-lb charge of benzene produced a product of 50 wt% monochlorobenzene, 30 wt%

dichlorobenzene, and 20% unreacted benzene. The gas produced consisted of 90 vol% HCl and 10 vol
% Cl2 at 1 atm and 200oF.

59. Calculate the volume of gas produced.

a 4815 ft3 c 6523 ft3
b 5801 ft3 d 3784 ft3

60. Determine the final weight of liquid product.

a 2450 lb c 3541 lb
b 1148 lb d 1416 lb

61. Determine the percentage of excess chlorine added, assuming the theoretical amount of chlorine
needed would produce pure monochlorobenzene.
a 4.8% c 2.6%
b 6.2% d 5.9%

62 – 64. A kiln is operated countercurrently to produce lime by burning a calcium carbonate sludge. The
compositions of the flue gas leaving the cold end of the kiln and the sludge entering the same end are

Sludge wt% Flue Gas Vol%

CaCO3 45 CO2 20
H2O 50 CO 1
Inerts 5 N2 76
O2 3

Methane, at a rate of 30,000 ft3/hr (measured dry at 60oF, 1 atm), is used to fire the kiln. If the lime conversion
is 90% complete, determine

62. Amount of flue gas produced per 100 lb of sludge.

a 3.84 mol c 5.54 mol
b 2.61 mol d 3.33 mol
63. Moles of CO formed.
a 0.0384 c 0.0554
b 0.0261 d 0.0333

64. Pounds per hour of CaO produced.

a 6079 lb/hr c 7541 lb/hr
b 8541 lb/hr d 6985 lb/hr

65. How many cubic feet per minute of entering air is needed to evaporate 10 lb of water per hour from
a rayon, if the air enters at 80oF and 25% humidity and leaves at 170 oF and 55% relative humidity.
The operating pressure is 14.3 psia.
a 17.26 cfm c 12.68 cfm
b 11.25 cfm d 13.54 cfm

66 – 68. We wish to scrub acetone from an air stream containing 0.020 mol fraction acetone. If we use
a countercurrent packed scrubber designed so that the exit gas does not exceed 0.0002 mol fraction
acetone, determine the following by using the data below:

 Gas rate is 700 ft3/hr per square foot cross section at standard conditions
 Water rate is 1000 lb/hr ft2;
 Kga is 1.75 lb mol/ft3 hr mol fraction difference;
 Henry’s law is valid and ye = 1.75xe (ye is the acetone vapor in equilibrium with the mole fraction
of acetone xe in the liquid)

66. Number of overall gas-phase transfer units.

a 4.84 c 6.58
b 5.62 d 5.16

67. Height of one transfer unit.

a 2.156 c 1.984
b 1.114 d 2.658

68. Total height of packing used.

a 4.14 ft c 6.54 ft
b 3.25 ft d 5.39 ft

69.
a c
b d

70.
a c
b d
Case 1. Pure methane is burned with 40% excess air and 25% of its carbon content is converted
to CO, the rest CO2. 90% of its hydrogen burns to water, the rest remains as unburned H2. Air
supplied is at 23oC, 758 mmHg with 80% RH.

1. What is the percentage of CO in the stack gas (Orsat Analysis)? Ans. 1.96%
2. Determine the m3 of air supplied per kg methane burned. Ans. 20.75
3. Determine the m3 of combustion products at 350oC and normal barometric pressure per kg
methane.

Source: Laurito

Case 2. A furnace is fired with fuel oil containing 86% C, 1%N and 0.1% S. Air is supplied at 25 oC,
740 mmHg and saturated with water. Average analysis of the stack gas shows 10.62% CO2, 1.17%
CO, 6.34% O2 and 81.87% N2. The stack gas leaves at 400oC and 765 mmHg.

1. What is the % excess air? Ans. 35.96%

2. What is the percentage of H in the fuel oil? Ans. 10.544
3. Determine the m3 air/kg oil. Ans. 16.34

Source: Laurito

Case 3. A furnace is fired with Sub-bituminous B (SubB) coal containing 10.3% moisture, 34% VCM
and 7.7% ash. It is also known to contain 1.2% N and 1.57% S. Its calorific value is 22 MJ/kg.

1. What is the percentage of the fixed carbon (FC) in the feed? Ans. 48%
2. What is the percentage of the total carbon (C) in the feed? Ans. 54.25%
3. What is the calorific value of the VCM? Ans. 16.988 MJ/kg

Source: Laurito

Case 4. A material is crushed in a Blake jaw crusher such that the average size of particle is
reduced from 50 mm to 10 mm with the consumption of energy of 13.0 kW (kg/s). What would
be the consumption of energy needed to crush the same material of average size 75 mm to an
average size of 25 mm:

1. assuming Rittinger’s Law applies? Ans. 4.33 kJ/kg

2. assuming Kick’s Law applies? Ans. 8.88 kJ/kg
3. Which of these results would be regarded as being more reliable and why? Ans. Kick’s Law

Source: Coulson
Case 5. A viscous solution containing particles with a density of 1461 kg/m 3 is to be clarified by
centrifugation. The solution density is 801 kg/m3, and its viscosity is 100 cp. The centrifuge has
a bowl with r2 = 0.02225 m, r1 = 0.00716 m, and height b = 0.1970 m.

1. Calculate the critical particle diameter of the largest particles in the exit stream if N = 23 000
rev/min and the flow rate q = 0.002832 m3/h. Ans. 0.746 x 10-7 m
2. Assuming that the thickness of the liquid layer is small compared to the radius, determine
the terminal velocity of the particles.
3. Calculate the corresponding Reynold’s number.

Case 6. Air is changed from an initial state of 277 K and 10 bar, where its molar volume is 2.28
m3 kmol-1 to a final state of 333 K and 1 atm. Assume for air that PV/T is constant and that C v =
21 and CP = 29.3 kJ kmol-1 K-1.

1. Calculate the change in internal energy. Ans. 1197 kJ kmol-1

2. Calculate the change in enthalpy. Ans. 1658 kJ kmol-1

Case 7. Ethylene oxide is produced by the oxidation of ethylene with oxygen-enriched air:

C2H4 + O2  C2H4O

An undesired side reaction is the oxidation of ethylene to carbon dioxide:

C2H4 + O2  2CO2 + 2H2O

The feed stream to the ethylene oxide reactor consists of 45% (by mole) C 2H4, 30% O2 and 25%
N2. The amounts of ethylene oxide and carbon dioxide in the product stream are 20 gmol and 10
gmol per 100 gmol of feed stream, respectively.

1. What is the total amount of stack gas produced? Ans. 90 mol

2. What is the mole fraction of Ethylene Oxide in the stack gas? Ans. 0.2222
3. What is the mole fraction of CO2 in the stack gas? Ans. 0.1111

Case 8. Steam comes from a boiler at 650 psia and 760oF. After expansion to 150 psia, the steam
is reheated to 760oF. Now expansion occurs to 3 in Hg abs. For the Rankine cycle with reheating
(ideal reheat cycle), calculate, for 1 lb of steam, the following:

1. The heat added

2. The heat rejected
3. Net Work
4. The quality of the exhaust steam
5. Thermodynamic efficiency

Case 9. A mixture (58.3 mol% n-hexane, 8.33% mol n-heptane, 33.3% steam)is cooled at a
constant pressure (1 atm) from an initial temperature of 350oF. If we assume that the
hydrocarbons and water are immiscible, calculate the following:

Given data:

ln P = A + B/T:
A = 17.7109, B = -6916.4 for n=hexane; A = 17.9184, B = -7547.4 for n-heptane; P = vapor pressure
(mm Hg), T = oR

1. Temperature at which condensation first occurs.

2. Composition of the first liquid phase as it appears.
3. Temperature at which the second liquid phase appears.

Case 10. Benzene reacts with chlorine in a batch reactor to produce both mono- and
dichlorobenzene according to

C6H6 + Cl2  C6H5Cl + HCl

C6H5Cl + Cl2  C6H4Cl2 + HCl

A 1000-lb charge of benzene produced a product of 50 wt% monochlorobenzene, 30 wt%

dichlorobenzene, and 20% unreacted benzene. The gas produced consisted of 90 vol% HCl and
10 vol % Cl2 at 1 atm and 200oF.

1. Calculate the volume of gas produced. Ans. 4815 ft3

2. Determine the final weight of liquid product. Ans. 1416 lb
3. The percentage of excess chlorine added, assuming the theoretical amount of chlorine
needed would produce pure monochlorobenzene. Ans. 4.8%
Case 11. A 70% NaOH liquor at 160oF with a heat content of 235 BTU/lb is diluted with 20% NaOH
liquor at 80oF with a heat content of 40 BTU/lb to give a final solution containing 40% NaOH. For
every 100 lb of product, how much heat must be removed to maintain a final product
temperature of 100oF? (Heat content of 40% solution is 94 BTU/lb at 100oF)
Case 12. A kiln is operated countercurrently to produce lime by burning a calcium carbonate
sludge. The compositions of the flue gas leaving the cold end of the kiln and the sludge entering
the same end are

Sludge wt% Flue Gas Vol%

CaCO3 45 CO2 20
H2O 50 CO 1
Inerts 5 N2 76
O2 3

Methane, at a rate of 30,000 ft3/hr (measured dry at 60oF, 1 atm), is used to fire the kiln. If the
lime conversion is 90% complete, determine

a. Amount of flue gas produced per 100 lb of sludge. Ans. 3.33 mol
b. Moles of CO formed. Ans. 0.0333 mol
c. Pounds per hour of CaO produced. Ans. 6079 lb/hr

Case 13. How many cubic feet per minute of entering air is needed to evaporate 10 lb of water
per hour from a rayon, if the air enters at 80oF and 25% humidity and leaves at 170oF and 55%
relative humidity. The operating pressure is 14.3 psia. Ans. 12.68 cfm

Case 14. We wish to scrub acetone from an air stream containing 0.020 mol fraction acetone. If
we use a countercurrent packed scrubber designed so that the exit gas does not exceed 0.0002
mol fraction acetone, determine the following by using the data below:

 Gas rate is 700 ft3/hr per square foot cross section at standard conditions
 Water rate is 1000 lb/hr ft2;
 Kga is 1.75 lb mol/ft3 hr mol fraction difference;
 Henry’s law is valid and ye = 1.75xe (ye is the acetone vapor in equilibrium with the mole
fraction of acetone xe in the liquid)

1. Number of overall gas-phase transfer units. Ans. 4.84

2. Height of one transfer unit. Ans. 1.114 ft
3. Total height of packing used. Ans. 5.39 ft

Case 15. We must cool 2500 gal/min (gpm) of water from 120 to 80oF. A cooling tower, at 70oF
and 1 atm, is to be designed to operate with entering air of 40% relative humidity.

1. How many cubic feet per minute of entering air must be supplied? Ans. 1.61 x 105 ft3/min
2. How many gallons per minute of makeup water must be supplied if windage loss is 95% of
the amount lost by evaporation? Ans.

Case 16. We wish to extract nicotine from water using kerosene. If we have 100 lb of a 2%
nicotine solution extracted once with 200 lb of kerosene, what percentage of the nicotine will be
extracted?

lb nicotine lb nicotine
Equilibrium: Y = 0.90X
lb kerosene lb water

Ans. 64.5%

Case 17. A 1¼ - in Schedule 40 steel pipe is insulated with a 2 in layer of asbestos covered by a
3- in layer of 85% magnesia. If the temperature inside the pipe wall is 300oF and the atmospheric
temperature is 80oF, determine the following provided the data below:

ksteel = 26, kasb = 0.087, k85% = 0.034 BTU/hr ft oF

1. What is the heat loss per foot of pipe? Ans. 39.1 BTU/ft
2. What is the temperature between the two insulations? Ans. 212.2 oF

Case 18. We wish to concentrate a colloidal solution from 15 to 65% solids. The specific heat of
the feed, entering at 50oF is 0.93. The pressure of the saturated steam to the evaporator is 10
psia; the condenser pressure is 5-in Hg abs. The steam chest has an overall heat transfer
coefficient of 200 BTU/hr ft2 oF. Water must be evaporated at the rate of 35,000 lb/hr. Neglecting
boiling point elevation, determine the following:

1. Heating surface required. Ans. 3317 ft2

2. Amount of steam required. Ans. 40,130 lb/hr
3. Steam economy. Ans. 0.87

Case 19. Forty-five pounds per minute of water is heated from 60 to 180oF in a 5/8 in, 16 BWG
(Birmingham Wire Gage) heat exchanger tube. If the steam condensing at 260oF, on the outside
of the tube gives an ho of 1000 BTU/hr ft2, determine the following:

1. Inside coefficient Ans. 2173 BTU/ hr ft3 oF

2. Overall Coefficient Ans. 696 BTU/ hr ft3 oF
3. Tube length required Ans. 27.4 ft

Case 20. A gas decomposes at 900oC according to

2A (g)  2R (g) + S (g)

With a rate constant of 1000 cm3/g mol sec using pure A.

1. How long will it take to react 80% of A in a batch reactor at 900 oC and 1 atm? Ans. 8.33 min
2. What plug flow reactor volume, at 900oC and 3 atm, will be required to react 80% of A with
a feed rate of 500 lb/hr? Molecular weight of A = 45. Ans. 346 ft3

Case 21. The isothermal, irreversible, aqueous phase reaction

A+B=E

At 100oF obeys

𝑑𝐶𝑒 𝑓𝑡 3
= 𝑟𝑒 = 𝑘𝐶𝑎 𝐶𝑏 , 𝑘 = 15
𝑑𝑡 𝑙𝑏 𝑚𝑜𝑙 ℎ𝑟

Using a 1000-ft3 stirred tank reactor with an aqueous feed of 2000 ft3/hr, what will be the
outlet concentration of E if the inlet concentration of A and B are both 0.25 lb mol/ft 3?

Ans. 0.1223 lb mol/ft3

Case 22. What size sharp-edged orifice was in use if a flow of 120 gpm produced a 4-in Hg
differential in a 4-in Schedule 40 pipe. The fluid, measured at 60oF, had a viscosity of 1 centistoke
and a specific gravity of 1.

Case 23. A centrifuge with a 20-in diameter bowl 14 in deep operates at 1200 rpm giving a 2 in
thick liquid layer when used with a sludge whose liquid has a specific gravity of 1.2 and a viscosity
of 2.5 CP. The solid component of the sludge has a specific gravity of 1.7. If the cut size of the
particles is 35 microns, what is the capacity of the centrifuge in gallons per minute?

Case 24. Oil, of density 900 kg/m3 and viscosity of 3 mNs/m2, is passed vertically upwards through
a bed of catalyst consisting of approximately spherical particles of diameter 0.1 mm and density
2600 kg/m3.

1. At approximately what mass rate of flow per unit area of bed will fluidization occur? Ans.
0.059 kg/ m2s
2. At approximately what mass rate of flow per unit area of bed will transport of particles occur?
Ans. 2.7 kg/m2 s

Case 25. Glass spheres are fluidized by water at a velocity equal to one half of their terminal
falling velocities.
The particles are 2 mm in diameter and have a density of 2500 kg/m3. The density and viscosity
of water are 1000 kg/m3 and 1 mNs/m2 respectively.
1. What is the porosity of the bed? Ans. 0.755
2. Determine the density of the fluidized bed. Ans. 1367 kg/m3
3. What is the pressure gradient in the bed attributable to the presence of particles. Ans. 3605
(N/m2)/m

Case 26. A plate and frame filter press gave a total of 8 m3 of iltrate in 1800 s and 11.3 m3 in 3600
s when filtration was stopped. The resistance of the cloth may be neglected and a constant
pressure is used throughout.

1. Calculate the final rate of filtration. Ans. 1.44 x 10-3 m3/s

2. Calculate the rate of washing. Ans. 3.6 x 10-4 m3/s
3. Estimate the washing time if 3 m3 of wash water is used. Ans. 8400 s (2.3 h)

Case 27. If a centrifuge is 0.9 m diameter and rotates at 20 Hz, at what speed should a laboratory
centrifuge of 150 mm diameter be run if it is to duplicate the performance of the large unit?

Ans. 49 Hz

Case 28. A saturated solution containing 1500 kg of potassium chloride at 360 K is cooled in an
open tank to 290 K. If the density of the solution is 1200 kg/m 3, the solubility of potassium
chloride/100 parts of water by mass is 53.55 at 360 K and 34.5 at 290 K. Calculate the following:

1. The capacity of the tank required. Ans. 3.58 m3

2. The mass of crystals obtained, neglecting any loss of water by evaporation. Ans. 534 kg

Case 29. A wet solid is dried from 35 to 10 per cent moisture under constant drying conditions in
5 h. If the equilibrium moisture content is 4 per cent and the critical moisture content is 14 per
cent, how long will it take to dry to 6 per cent moisture under the same conditions?

Ans. 6.65 hr

Case 30. A certain ideal gas (5 g) in a closed vessel exerts a pressure of 2 atm at 25 oC. MM of the
gas is 16 g/mol.

1. What is the volume of the gas? Ans. 3.82 L

2. If the temperature is changed to 50oC at constant volume, what would be the new
pressure? Ans. 2.16 atm
3. What is the density of the gas?