QUESTION NUMBER QS.

WITH OPTIONS A
ADVSC1 During her presidency of the short-lived Suggestion should be followed by
Woman’s State Temperance Society (1852- bossy verb. Usage of just 'be'
1853), Elizabeth Cady Stanton, as she was a rather than 'should be' is the
staunch advocate of liberalized divorce laws, correct way. Usage of "as" is
scandalized many of her most ardent incorrect. "As" is used in the same
supporters in her suggestion that drunkenness sense as "because". It implies a
should be made sufficient cause for divorce. cause-and-effect relationship - Not
A. as she was a staunch advocate of liberalized logical.
divorce laws, scandalized many of her most
ardent supporters in her suggestion that
drunkenness should be
B. as she was a staunch advocate for liberalized
divorce laws, scandalized many of her most
ardent supporters by her suggestion of
drunkenness being
C. in being a staunch advocate for liberalized
divorce laws, had scandalized many of her most
ardent supporters with the suggestion of
drunkenness being
D. a staunch advocate of liberalized divorce
laws, scandalized many of her most ardent
supporters by suggesting that drunkenness be
ADVSC2 E. amerging
By staunchits advocate of liberalized
two publishing divorce
divisions, the "Their" references the two
laws, she scandalized
company will increasemanytheir of her of
share most
theardent publishing divisions and not
supporters
country’s $21 in suggesting
billion bookthat drunkenness
market from 6 company. Company is singular and
should be
percent to 10 percent, a market ranging from should be referenced by "it". The
obscure textbooks to massmarket paperbacks. appositive phrase "a market
A. their share of the country’s $21 billion book ranging …" refers to "6 percent".
market from 6 percent to 10 percent, a market
ranging
B. from 6 percent to 10 percent its share of the
$21 billion book market in the country, which
ranges
C. to 10 percent from 6 percent in their share
of the $21 billion book market in the country, a
market ranging
ADVSC3 A
D.recent reviewfrom
in its share, of pay scales indicates
6 percent that of An 'ed' participial modifier
to 10 percent,
CEO’s
the $21 now earnbook
billion an average
marketof in 419
the times more modifies the nearest noun phrase.
country,
pay
whichthan blue-collar workers, compared to a 'Compared' seems to modify blue
ratio
rangesof 42 times in 1980. collar workers. This is incorrect.
A. that
E. to 10CEO’s
percentnow earn6 an
from average
percent of 419oftimes
its share the 'Ratio of 42 times' is redundant.
more pay $21
country’s thanbillion
blue-collar workers,which
book market, compared 42 times of what? Not clear.
to a ratio of 42 times
Ranges
B. that, on average, CEO’s now earn 419 times
the pay of blue-collar workers, a ratio that
compares to 42 times
C. that, on average, CEO’s now earn 419 times
the pay of blue-collar workers, as compared to
42 times their pay, the ratio
D. CEO’s who now earn on average 419 times
more pay than blue-collar workers, as
compared to 42 times their pay, the ratio
E. CEO’s now earning an average of 419 times
the pay of blue-collar workers, compared to
the ratio of 42 times
ADVSC4 The 32 species that make up the dolphin family CORRECT ANSWER. Subject and
are closely related to whales and in fact include Verb are in agreement. Parallelism
the animal known as the killer whale, which is maintained
can grow to be 30 feet long and is famous for
its aggressive hunting pods.
A.include the animal known as the killer whale,
which can grow to be 30 feet long and is
B.include the animal known as the killer whale,
growing as big as 30 feet long and
C.include the animal known as the killer whale,
growing up to 30 feet long and being
D.includes the animal known as the killer
whale, which can grow as big as 30 feet long
and is
E.includes the animal known as the killer
ADVSC5 Soaring television
whale, which costs to
can grow accounted forlong
be 30 feet more
and it The pronoun 'it' does not have a
than
is half the spending in the presidential clear antecedent.
campaign of 1992, a greater proportion than it
was in any previous election.
A. a greater proportion than it was
B. a greater proportion than
C. a greater proportion than they have been
D. which is greater than was so
E. which is greater than it has been

ADVSC6 Recently physicians have determined that Not caused by … but a bacterium'
ADVSC7 stomach ulcers
Rivaling the are notofcaused
pyramids by even
Egypt or stress,
the is
Thenotpronoun
parallel.'them'
This isincorrectly
incorrect.
ancient cities of the Maya as an achievement, refers to 'the army'. 'them' is also
the army of terra-cotta warriors created to redundant here.
protect Qin Shi Huang, China’s first emperor, in
his afterlife is more than 2,000 years old and
took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to
complete them `

A. took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to

complete them
B. took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to
complete it
C. took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to
complete
D. 700,000 artisans took more than 36 years to
complete
E. to complete them too 700,000 artisans more
than 36 years
ADVSC8 Past assessments of the Brazilian rain forest The correlative conjunction
have used satellite images to tally deforested "either X or Y" requires perfect
areas, where farmers and ranchers have clear- parallelims between X and Y.
cut and burned all the trees, but such work has "either + as well as" is incorrect.
not addressed either logging, which is the 'burning down individual trees' is
removal of only selected trees, as well as not parallel to 'do not denude
surface fires, burning down individual trees but forests'
do not denude the forest.
A. which is the removal of only selected trees,
as well as surface fires, burning
B. which removes only selected trees, or
surface fires that burn
C. which removes only selected trees, along
with surface fires that burn
ADVSC9 By sucking sap
D. removing from
only the young
selected trees,twigs of the
or surface by sucking' incorrectly modifies
hemlock tree,
fires, burning tree growth is retarded by the 'tree growth'. It should modify
woolly adelgid, causing needles to
E. removing only selected trees, as well as change color 'the wooly adelgid'. 'causing …' is a
from
surfacedeep
firesgreen
that to grayish green and to drop comma + -ing modifier at the end
burn
prematurely. of a clause and applies to the
A. tree growth is retarded by the woolly subject of the preceding clause. It
adelgid, causing needles to change color from illogically modifies "tree growth".
deep green to grayish green and to drop
B. tree growth is retarded by the woolly
adelgid, and this causes the color of needles to
change from deep green to grayish green, and
their dropping
ADVSC10 C. the woolly
Faulty adelgid retards
voting equipment, tree growth,
confusing ballots, The pronoun ‘they’ does not have
which causes needles to change
voter error, and problems at polling color fromhave an antecedent. 'Which incorrectly
places
deep
been green
cited by toagrayish green,
new study of and dropping
the 2000 United modidies 'election'. Note also that
D. the woolly
States adelgid
Presidential retardswhich
election, tree growth,
estimated "estimated" and "did not count"
causing
that theyneedles
did nottocount
change color from
4 million deep of are in the same tense. (happened
to 6 million
green to grayish green
the100 million votes cast. and to drop approximately at the same time).
E.
a.)the woolly
Faulty adelgid
voting retards confusing
equipment, tree growth, and Clearly, illogical.
ballots,
this causes
voter error, the
andcolor of needles
problems to change
at polling places from
have
deep
been green
cited by toagrayish green,
new study of and the their
the 2000 United
dropping
Stated presidential election, which estimated
that they did not count 4 million to 6 million of
the 100 million votes cast.
b.) Citing faulty voting equipment, confusing
ballots, voter error, and problems at
pollingplaces, a new study of the 2000 United
States presidential election has estimated that
4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes
cast were not counted.
c.) Citing faulty voting equipment, confusing
ballots, voter error, and problems at polling
places, 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million
votes cast were not counted in the 2000 United
States presidential election, a new study
estimates.
d.) A new study has cited faulty voting
equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and
problems at polling places in estimating that 4
million to 6 million of the 100 million votes that
were cast had not been counted in the 2000
United States presidential election.
e.) A new study of the 2000 United States
presidential election, citing faulty voting
equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and
problems at polling places, has estimated 4
million to 6 million votes had not been counted
of the 100 million votes cast.
ADVSC11 To develop more accurate population forecasts, Incorrectly compares 'a great deal
demographers have to know a great deal more more' with 'now'. The verb 'do' is
than now about the social and economic missing.
determinants of fertility.
A. have to know a great deal more than now
about the social and economic
B. have to know a great deal more than they do
now about the social and economical
C. would have to know a great deal more than
they do now about the social and economical
D. would have to know a great deal more than
they do now about the social and economic
E. would have to know a great deal more than
now about the social and economic

ADVSC12 Although people in France consume fatty foods Incorrectly compares 'people in
ADVSC13 at a rate
Retail comparable
sales rose 8/10to
ofthe Unitedin
1 percent States, their
August, France'
"that of to
1.4'United States'.
percent TheThe
growth".
intensifying expectations that personal pronoun "that" does not refer to
spending in the July-September quarter more anything. Also, what was the
than doubled that of the 1.4 percent growth expectation in August? That
rate in personal spending for the previous "personal spending in July-
quarter. September quarter will more than
A. that personal spending in the July- double"; Note that the "will"
September quarter more than doubled that of changes to "would" when we
B. that personal spending in the July- report the sentence. (read - future
September quarter would more than double in the past).
C. of personal spending in the July-September
quarter, that it more than doubled
D. of personal spending in the July-September
quarter, more than doubling that of
E. of personal spending in the July-September
quarter, that it would more than double that
ADVSC14 The four-million-year-old fossilized skeleton The idiom form is ' so.. that …'.
known as Lucy is so small compared with many The sentence does not conform to
other skeletons presumed to be of the same the idiom
species, and so some paleontologists have
argued that Lucy represents a different lineage.
A. presumed to be of the same species, and so
B. presumed to be of the same species that
C. presumed that they are of the same species,
and so
D. that they have presumed to be of the same
species, so that
E. that they have presumed are of the same
species, and

ADVSC15 A study by the Ocean Wildlife Campaign urged establishment', 'closing' and
states to undertake a number of remedies to 'requiring' are not parallel. ‘a
reverse a decline in the shark population, number of remedies’ must have
which includes the establishment of size limits plural ‘include’ instead of singular
for shark catches, closing state waters for shark 'includes'. 'Which' incorrectly
fishing during pupping season, and requiring modifies shark population. Note
commercial fishers to have federal shark that "which" cannot jump over an
permits. infinitive phrase "to reverse" to
A. which includes the establishment of size refer to "remedies". (It can only
limits for shark catches, closing jump over prepositions).
B. which includes establishing limits to the size
of sharks that can be caught, closing
C. which include the establishment of size
limits for shark catches, the closing of
D. including establishing size limits for shark
catches, closing
ADVSC16 Yellow jackets
E. including thenumber among
establishing ofthe 900toorthe
limits sosize society' is not a location. Hence
species
of sharks that are caught, the closing of living usage of 'where' is incorrect.
of the world’s social wasps, wasps
in a highly cooperative and organized society 'They' can only refer to wasps.
where they consist almost entirely of females— Wasps cannot consist of almost
the queen and her sterile female workers. entirely females. The society can
A. wasps living in a highly cooperative do so.This is incorrect as it distorts
and organized society where they consist the meaning.
almost entirely of
B. wasps that live in a highly cooperative
and organized society consisting almost entirely
of
C. which means they live in a highly
ADVSC17 cooperative and organized
Antarctica receives society,
more solar almost
radiation all so cold' and 'reflective' are not
than
D. which means that their
does any other place on Earth, yet the society is parallel. 'so that' is incorrect
highly cooperative,
temperatures are soorganized,
cold and theandice
it iscap
almost
is usage. "so that" is used to
entirely
reflective, so that little polar ice melts during express intent. It implies that the
E.
the summer; otherwise, the water levels of the "ice cap is reflective" because it
livinginasocietythatishighlycooperative,organiz
oceans would rise 250 feet and engulf most of wants "little polar ice to melt
ed,anditconsistsofalmostall
the world’s great cities. during summer" - clearly
A. is reflective, so that little polar ice melts nonsensical.
during the summer; otherwise,
B. is so reflective that little of the polar ice
melts during the summer; were it to do so,
C. so reflective that little polar ice melts during
the summer, or else
D. reflective, so that little of the polar ice melts
during the summer, or
E. reflects so that little of the polar ice melts
during the summer; if it did
ADVSC18 Retailers reported moderate gains in their So bad as that' is wrong usage of
November sales, as much because of their idiom. Moreover "as much X as Y"
sales of a year earlier being so bad as that -X and Y must be perfectly parallel.
shoppers were getting a head start on buying X = because …; Y = that … - not
their holiday gifts. parallel. Also, this option seems to
A. of their sales of a year earlier being so imply that moderate gains were
bad as that due to "their sales" - clearly
B. of their sales a year earlier having illogical. (Note that "being"
been as bad as because functions as a modifier.)
C. of their sales a year earlier being as
bad as because
D. their sales a year earlier had been so
bad as because
E. their sales of a year earlier were as
bad as that
ADVSC19 Possible long-term consequences of the possible' and 'may' are redundant.
“greenhouse effect”, the gradual warming of 'melting the ice caps' and 'a rising
the Earth’s climate, may include melting the sea level' are not parallel.
polar ice caps and a rising sea level. Moreover, "melting the ice caps"
A. may include melting the polar ice caps and a seems to imply an action, not a
rising sea level consequence. We need to say
B. may include the melting of polar ice caps "melting of polar ice caps".
and the rising sea level
C. may include polar ice caps that are melting
and sea levels that are rising
D. include melting the polar ice caps and sea
levels that are rising
E. include melting of the polar ice caps and a
rise in sea level
ADVSC20 Data gathered by weather satellites has been The participial modifier 'reporting'
analyzed by scientists, reporting that the modifies the entire preceeding
Earth’s northern latitudes have become about clause and applies to the subject -
ten percent greener since 1980, due to more "data". Incorrect.
vigorous plant growth associated with warmer
temperatures and higher levels of atmospheric
carbon dioxide.
A. Data gathered by weather satellites has been
analyzed by scientists, reporting that the
Earth’s northern latitudes have
B. Data gathered by weather satellites has been
analyzed by scientists, and they report the
Earth’s northern latitudes as having
C. After analyzing data gathered by weather
satellites, scientists report that the Earth’s
ADVSC21 northern
Unlike thelatitudes have
conviction held by many of her ‘conviction’ is compared to
D. After analysis
colleagues of data,
that genes gathered
were by weather
relatively simple Barbara McClintock. This is
satellites,
and static,scientists report the Earth’s
Barbara McClintock adherednorthern
to her incorrect.
latitudes
own moreascomplicated
having ideas about how genes
E. Afteroperate,
might data gathered by weather
and in 1983, at the satellites
age of 81,was
analyzed
was by scientists,
awarded who for
a Nobel Prize report
her that the
discovery
Earth’s
that thenorthern
genes inlatitudes
corn are have
capable of moving
from one chromosomal site to another.
A. Unlike the conviction held by many of
her colleagues that genes were relatively
simple and static
B. Although many of her colleagues
were of the conviction of genes being relatively
simple and static
C. Contrary to many of her colleagues
being convinced that genes were relatively
simple and static
D. Even though many of her colleagues
were convinced that genes were relatively
simple and static
ADVSC22 Almost a decade after New York State passed that all twelve break laws', 'many
laws to protect patients by reducing the residents work' and 'that more
grueling hours worked by medical residents, than half' are not parallel.
twelve hospitals have been investigated by
state medical officials, finding that all twelve
consistently break the laws, many residents
work longer than 24 hours straight, and that
more than half the surgical residents work
more than 95 hours a week.
A. twelve hospitals have been
investigated by state medical officials, finding
that all twelve consistently break the laws,
many residents work longer than 24 hours
straight, and that more than half the surgical
residents work
B. an investigation by state medical
officials of twelve hospitals have found all
twelve consistently breaking the laws, that
many residents work longer than 24 hours
straight, with more than half the surgical
residents working
C. an investigation of twelve hospitals by
state medical officials has found that all twelve
consistently break the laws, that many
residents work longer than 24 hours straight,
and that more than half the surgical residents
work
D. twelve hospitals were investigated by
state medical officials who found all twelve
breaking the laws, with many residents working
ADVSC23 Shoppers
longer than in 24
sporting
hours goods stores,
straight, unlikethan
and more in ‘unlike/like + preposition' is always
department stores, do very
half the surgical residents worklittle impulse wrong. 'Not buying' and 'leave' are
shopping, not buying a pair of skis
E. an investigation by state medicaland a not parallel. (whereas they should
boomerang
officials has found that, of twelve hospitals, all have been logically parallel).
when they come in for a
basketball, but theybreak
twelve consistently leave the
withlaws,
a basketball
that many
only.
residents work longer than 24 hours straight,
A.
within more
department stores,
than half do very residents
the surgical little impulse
shopping,
working not buying a pair of skis and a
boomerang when they come in for a
basketball, but they leave with a basketball
only
B. in department stores, shop impulsively very
little; someone who comes in for a basketball
will leave with a basketball only and not also
buy a pair of skis and a boomerang as well
C. those in department stores, do very little
impulse shopping, do not buy a pair of skis and
a boomerang when they come in for a
basketball, but leave with only a basketball
D. those in department stores, do very little
impulse shopping; someone who comes in for
a basketball will leave with a basketball only
and not buy a pair of skis and a boomerang as
well
E. department stores, shop impulsively very
little; someone will not buy a pair of skis and a
boomerang when they come in for a basketball
but will leave with only a basketball
ADVSC24 Minivans carry as many as seven passengers CORRECT ANSWER. Parallelism is
and, compared with most sport utility vehicles, maintained and the meaning is
cost less, get better gas mileage, allow conveyed correctlty.
passengers to get in and out more easily, and
have a smoother ride.
A. Minivans carry as many as seven
passengers and, compared with most sport
utility vehicles, cost less,
B. Minivans, which carry as many as
seven passengers, compared with most sport
utility vehicles, they cost less,
C. Minivans carry as many as seven
passengers, in comparison with most sport
utility vehicles, and have a lower cost, they
D. Minivans, carrying as many as seven
passengers, compared with most sport utility
ADVSC25 In ancientcost
vehicles, Thailand,
less, much of the local artisans’ The pronoun 'they' has no logical
creative energy
E. Minivans, waswhich
expended
carryforas the
many creation
as antecedent as 'artisans' is in
of Buddha images and when they
seven passengers, compared with most sport constructed possessive form. "expended for"
and decorated
utility vehicles the the cost
temples that and
is lower, enshrined
they is incorrect idiom. "and" is used to
them. connect two independent clauses.
A. much of the local artisans’ creative Here we connect one independent
energy was expended for the creation of clause and one dependent clause.
Buddha images and when they constructed
and decorated the temples that enshrined
them
B. much of the local artisans’ creative
energy was expended on the creation of
Buddha images and on construction and
decoration of the temples in which they were
enshrined
C. much of the local artisans’ creative
ADVSC26 energy
In Greekwas expended
theology on the creation
the supreme of
being was CORRECT ANSWER. 'Who dwelt'
Buddha images as well as constructing
Esaugetu Emissee (Master of Breath), who and and 'Who had the power' are
decoration
dwelt in an upper realm in which the skywere
of the temples in which they was parallel.
enshrined
the floor, and who had the power to give and
D. away
to take creating imagesofoflife.
the breath Buddha accounted
for much of the local artisans’
A. in which the sky was the creative
floor,energy,
and
and
who had the power to give and to takethe
also constructing and decorating
temples
B. enshrining
where the them sky was the floor, having
the powerthe
E. to creating
give andof toBuddha
take images
accounted for much
C. whose floor was theof the local artisans’
sky, and who has
creative energy as well as
the power of giving and of taking construction and
decoration of the temples that enshrined
D. in which the sky was the floor, with them
ADVSC27 the
A new
power
hair-growing
of giving and
drugtaking
is being sold for three Function ‘as’ used in comparison
ADVSC28 times E.thewhose
A leading price, per
figure floor
in milligram,
the was the sky,
Scottish as the
having
drug’s
the
enlightenment, doesn’t
A leadingmake sense.
figure .. ' incorrectly
power to give and take
Adam Smith’s two major books are to modifies ‘two major books’. This is
democratic capitalism what Marx’s Das Kapital incorrect.
is to socialism.
A. Adam Smith’s two major books are to
democratic capitalism what
B. Adam Smith’s two major books are to
democratic capitalism like
C. Adam Smith’s two major books are to
democratic capitalism just as
D. Adam Smith wrote two major books that are
to democratic capitalism similar to
E. Adam Smith wrote two major books that are
to democratic capitalism what
ADVSC29 Though subject to the same wild-animal The pronoun ‘it’ has no
control efforts that killed off almost all the antecendent as 'coyote's' is
wolves in North America over the past century, possessive. The modifier "though
the coyote’s amazing ability of adapting to the subject ….. Century' incorrectly
presence of humans has enabled it to expend modifies 'amazing ability of the
its range into Alaska and Central America. coyote'. "ability of" is unidiomatic.
A. coyote’s amazing ability of adapting to
the presence of humans has enabled it to
expend its
B. coyote, because of its amazing ability
of adapting to the presence of humans, have
been able to expand their
C. coyote, because of its amazing ability
ADVSC30 to adapt to the
Twenty-two presence
feet long and of10
humans,
feet inhas been the "that" has to refer to many
diameter,
able to expand its
the AM-1 is one of the many new satellites new satellites. Because it is
that D. amazing
is a part of 15ability of the of
years effort coyote to adapt preceded by the article "the".
subjecting
to the
the presence of humans
interactions have enabled
Earth’s atmosphere, it to "The" is used to refer to specific
oceans,
expand
and landthe surfaces to detailed scrutiny from things (this means that we need to
E.
space.amazing ability of the coyote to adapt to have a description of "many new
the presence of humans
A. satellites that is has enabled
a part it to
of 15 years satellites"). "effort of subjecting" is
expandofthe
effort subjecting the interactions of Earth’s not correct. "effort to subject" is
atmosphere, oceans, and land surfaces the correct form as we need the
B. satellites, which is a part of a 15-year infinitive to state intent. Also, "15
effort to subject how Earth’s atmosphere, years effort" is incorrect
oceans, and land surfaces interact
C. satellites, part of 15 years effort of
subjecting how Earth’s atmosphere, oceans,
and land surfaces are interacting
D. satellites that are part of an effort for
15 years that has subjected the interactions of
Earth’s atmosphere, oceans, and land surfaces
E. satellites that are part of a 15-year
effort to subject the interactions of Earth’s
atmosphere, ocean, and land surfaces
ADVSC31 Building on civilizations that preceded them in Incorrect usage of 'like'. 'Such as'
coastal Peru, the Mochica developed their own needs to be used to give
elaborate society, based on cultivating such examples. 'Cultivating', 'The
crops like corn and beans, the harvesting of fish harvesting' and 'exploiting' are not
and shellfish, and exploiting other wild and parallel.
domestic resources.
A. based on cultivating such crops like
corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and
shellfish, and exploiting
B. based on the cultivation of such crops
as corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and
seafood, and the exploitation of
C. and basing it on the cultivation of
crops like corn and beans, harvesting fish and
seafood, and the exploiting of
D. and they based it on their cultivation
of crops such as corn and beans, the harvest of
fish and seafood, and exploiting
E. and they based it on their cultivating
such crops like corn and beans, their harvest of
fish and shellfish, and they exploited
ADVSC32 So dogged were Frances Perkins’ investigations ‘so..that’ is the correct idiom.
of the garment industry, and her lobbying for ‘that’ is missing after ‘persistent’.
wage and hour reform was persistent, Alfred E. This sentence then is a run-on.
Smith and Franklin D. Roosevelt recruited Also, note that "her lobbying …
Perkins to work within the government, rather was persistent" is not parallel to
than as a social worker. "so dogged were …"
A. and her lobbying for wage and hour
reform was persistent,
B. and lobbying for wage and hour
reform was persistent, so that
C. her lobbying for wage and hour
reform persistent, that
ADVSC33 D. lobbying
The Quechuans for wage
believed and
that allhour reform
things "contact with it directly with …"
was so persistent,
participated in both the material level and the is incorrect. "it" cannot refer to
E. level
mystical so persistent
of reality,her
andlobbying for wage
many individual the plural compound noun
and hour reform, that
Quechuans claimed to have contact with it "physical and spiritual level"
directly with an ichana (dream) experience.
A. contact with it directly with
B. direct contact with it by way of
C. contact with the last directly through
D. direct contact with the latter by means of
E. contact directly with the mystical level due
to

ADVSC34 Even though more money was removed out of ‘more..as’ is wrong idiom. 'More ..
stock funds in July as in any month since Than..' is the correct idiom.‘any
October 1987, sales of fund shares in July were month’ is incorrect as 'July' itself is
not as low as an industry trade group had part of any month.
previously estimated.
A. as in any month since October 1987,
sales of fund shares in July were not as low as
B. as had been in any other month since
October 1987, sales of fund shares in July were
not as low as what
C. than there was in any other month
since October 1987, sales of fund shares in July
were not as low as that which
D. than in any month since October
1987, sales of fund shares in July were not as
low as
E. than in any other month since
October 1987, sales of fund shares in July were
not as low as what
ADVSC35 In 2000, a mere two dozen products accounted ‘because of’ and ‘by the fact’ are
for half the increase in spending on not parallel.(Note that not just X
prescription drugs, a phenomenon that is but Y is a variation of not only X
explained not just because of more expensive but Y)
drugs but by the fact that doctors are writing
many more prescriptions for higher-cost drugs.
A. a phenomenon that is explained not just
because of more expensive drugs but by the
fact that doctors are writing
B. a phenomenon that is explained not just by
the fact that drugs are becoming more
expensive but also by the fact that doctors are
writing
C. a phenomenon occurring not just because of
drugs that are becoming more expensive but
because of doctors having also written
D. which occurred not just because drugs are
becoming more expensive but doctors are also
Writing
E. which occurred not just because of more
expensive drugs but because doctors have also
Written

ADVSC36 The themes that Rita Dove explores in her ‘the themes’ requires plural ‘are’
poetry is universal, encompassing much of the instead of singular ‘is’.
human condition while occasionally she deals
with racial issues.
A. is universal, encompassing much of
the human condition while occasionally she
deals
B. is universal, encompassing much of
the human condition, also occasionally it deals
C. are universal, they encompass much
of the human condition and occasionally deals
D. are universal, encompassing much of
ADVSC37 the
According tocondition
human while occasionally
its proponents, a proposed dealing
new CORRECT ANSWER. Modifiers are
style of aircraft could, by skimming along the correctly placed and structured.
top ofE. theare universal, they
atmosphere, encompass
fly between mostmuch
of the human condition, also
points on Earth in under two hours.occasionally are
Dealing
A. According to its proponents, a
proposed new style of aircraft could, by
skimming along the top of the atmosphere, fly
between most points on Earth in under two
hours.
B. By skimming along the top of the
atmosphere, proponents of a proposed new
style of aircraft say it could fly between most
points on Earth in under two hours.
C. A proposed new style of aircraft could
fly between most points on Earth in under two
hours, according to its proponents, with it
skimming along the top of the atmosphere.
D. A proposed new style of aircraft, say
its proponents, could fly between most points
on Earth in under two hours because of its
skimming along the top of the atmosphere.
E. According to its proponents, skimming
along the top of the atmosphere makes it
possible that a proposed new style of aircraft
ADVSC38 Many financial experts believe that policy Correct Answer.
makers at the Federal Reserve, now viewing
the economy as balanced between moderate
growth and low inflation, are almost certain to
leave interest rates unchanged for the
foreseeable future.
A. Reserve, now viewing the economy as
balanced between moderate growth and low
inflation, are
B. Reserve, now viewing the economy to
be balanced between that of moderate growth
ADVSC39 and low inflation
Floating and are
in the waters of the equatorial Pacific, CORRECT ANSWER. Absolute
C. of
an array Reserve
buoys who, now
collects andviewing the data modifier has been used correctly.
transmits
economy as balanced
on long- term between
interactions betweenmoderate
the ocean
growth
and theand low inflation,
atmosphere, are
interactions that affect
D. Reserve,
global climate. who now view the economy
to beA.balanced between
atmosphere, that of moderate
interactions that affect
growth
B. and low inflation,
atmosphere, withwill be
interactions
E. Reserve, which now views the economy to
affecting
be balanced between that
C. atmosphere moderate
affectsgrowth and
ADVSC40 low inflation,
Concerns is publicthat
about
D. atmosphere health led to the
is affecting CORRECT ANSWER. No issues with
construction betweenas
E. atmosphere 1876 and 1904 of three the sentence.
affects
separate sewer systems to serve metropolitan
Boston.
A. Concerns about public health led to
the construction between 1876 and 1904 of
three separate sewer systems to serve
B. Concerns about public health have led
to the construction of three separate sewer
systems between 1876 and 1904 to serve
C. Concerns about public health have led
between 1876 and 1904 to the construction of
three separate sewer systems for serving
D. There were concerns about public
health leading to the construction between
1876 and 1904 of three separate sewer
systems serving
E. There were concerns leading between
1876 and 1904 to the construction of three
separate sewer systems for serving
ADVSC41 One of the primary distinctions between our
intelligence with that of other primates may lay
not so much in any specific skill but in our
ability to extend knowledge gained in one
context to new and different ones.
Idiom is ‘between X and Y’ not
'between x with that of y'. The
correct idiom is "so much X as Y".
Here, "as" is replaced with "but".

A. between our intelligence with that of other

primates may lay not so much in any specific
skill but
B. between our intelligence with that of other
primates may lie not so much in any specific
skill but instead
C. between our intelligence and that of other
primates may lie not so much in any specific
skill as
D. our intelligence has from that of other
primates may lie not in any specific skill as
E. of our intelligence to that of other primates
may lay not in any specific skill but
ADVSC42 The results of two recent unrelated studies ‘of recognizing’ and ‘to grasp’ are
support the idea that dolphins may share not parallel. "dolphins as capable
certain cognitive abilities with humans and to spontaneously" is unidiomatic.
great apes; the studies indicate dolphins as Also, this sentence says "studies
capable of recognizing themselves in mirrors— indicate dolphins .." - illogical. We
an ability that is often considered a sign of self- need a "that" after indicate.
awareness—and to grasp spontaneously the
mood or intention of humans.
A. dolphins as capable of recognizing
themselves in mirrors—an ability that is often
considered a sign of self-awareness—and to
grasp spontaneously
ADVSC43 Authoritative parents
B. dolphins’ are to
ability more likely than
recognize CORRECT ANSWER. Comparison is
permissive
themselvesparents to haveability
in mirrors—an children who
that as
is often correctly done.Parallelism is
adolescents are self-confident, high in
considered as a sign of self-awareness—and of self- maintained
esteem, and responsibly
spontaneously grasping independent.
A.
C. Authoritative
dolphins to beparents
capableare of more likely
recognizing
than permissive
themselves parents to ability
in mirrors—an have children who
that is often
as adolescents are self-confident, high
considered a sign of self-awareness—and to in self-
esteem, and responsibly independent.
grasp spontaneously
B.
D. Authoritative
that dolphins parents
have thewho areofmore
ability
likely than permissive
recognizing themselves parents to have ability
in mirrors—an
adolescent
that is oftenchildren thatas
considered area self-confident,
sign of self-
high in self-esteem, and responsibly
awareness—and spontaneously grasping
independent.
E. that dolphins are capable of
C. Children
recognizing of authoritative
themselves in mirrors—anparents,
ability
rather than permissive parents, are
that is often considered a sign of self- the more
likely to be self-confident,
awareness—and have a high
of spontaneously self-
grasping
esteem, and to be responsibly independent as
adolescents.
D. Children whose parents are
authoritative rather than being permissive, are
more likely to have self-confidence, a high self-
esteem, and be responsibly independent when
they are an adolescent.
E. Rather than permissive parents, the
children of authoritative parents are the more
likely to have self-confidence, a high self-
esteem, and to be responsibly independent as
an adolescent.
ADVSC44 The market for recycled commodities like singular ‘market’ needs singular
aluminum and other metals remain strong ‘remains’ not plural ‘remain’. 'Like'
despite economic changes in the recycling is used incorrectly to give
industry. examples.
A. commodities like aluminum and other
metals remain
B. commodities like those of aluminum
and other metals are remaining
C. commodities such as aluminum and
other metals remains
D. commodities, such as aluminum and
other metals, remain
E. commodities, like the commodities of
ADVSC45 aluminum
Repetition and
of Q8other metals, remains
ADVSC46 The greatest road system built in the Americas "which" must be followed by a
prior to the arrival of Christopher Columbus clause. "over 2500 miles long" and
was the Incan highway, which, over 2,500 miles "extending" are not parallel.
long and extending from northern Ecuador
through Peru to Southern Chile.
A. Columbus was the Incan highway,
which, over 2,500 miles long and extending
B. Columbus was the Incan highway,
over 2,500 miles in length, and extended
C. Columbus, the Incan highway, which
was over 2,500 miles in length and extended
D. Columbus, the Incan highway, being
over 2,500 miles in length, was extended
E. Columbus, the Incan highway was
ADVSC47 Although
over 2,500producer prices
miles long, rose at an
extending "and" requires parallelism.
unexpectedly steep rate in September, analysts "foreshadowing" is not parallel to
said that the increase resulted mostly from anything.
temporary factors and not necessarily
foreshadowing that there would be a
resurgence of inflation.
A. factors and not necessarily foreshadowing
that there would be
B. factors and not necessarily that it
foreshadowed
C. factors and did not necessarily foreshadow
ADVSC48 D.
Thefactors, while
state has not necessarily
proposed new rules a that would CORRECT ANSWER. The sentence
foreshadowing
set of
minimum staffing levels for nurses, rules construction Is correct. The
E. factors,to
intended while it did
ensure thatnotatnecessarily
least one nurse is meaning is conveyed correctly.
foreshadow
assigned for that
everythere
four would
patientsbeput through
triage in a hospital emergency room.
A. rules intended to ensure that at least one
nurse is assigned for every four patients put
through triage in a hospital emergency room
B. rules with the intent of ensuring one nurse
at least to be assigned for every four patients
to be put through triage in a hospital
emergency room
C. rules intending to ensure at least one nurse
is assigned for every four patients in a hospital
emergency room put through triage
D. with the intent of ensuring that at least one
nurse should be assigned for every four
patients in a hospital emergency room that are
put through triage
E. and this is intended to ensure one nurse at
least to be assigned for every four patients put
through triage in a hospital emergency room
ADVSC49 Like the grassy fields and old pastures that the Singular verb 'is' cannot refer to
upland sandpiper needs for feeding and plural 'sandpipers'. The sentence
nesting when it returns in May after wintering basically reads - "the sandpipers +
in the Argentine Pampas, the sandpipers vanishing (modifier)" - this refers
vanishing in the northeastern United States is to ONLY those sandpipers that are
a result of residential and industrial vanishing - clearly nonsense.
development and of changes in farming
practices.
A. the sandpipers vanishing in the northeastern
United States is a result of residential and
industrial development and of changes in
B. the bird itself is vanishing in the
northeastern United States as a result of
residential and industrial development and of
changes in
C. that the birds themselves are vanishing in
the northeastern United States is due to
residential and industrial development and
changes to
D. in the northeastern United States,
sandpipers’ vanishing is due to residential and
ADVSC50 The city has
industrial proposed aand
development number of water
to changes in "so that" specifies intent. This
treatment and conservation projects
E. in the northeastern United States, the the cost suggests that "raises water bills" is
of which raises water bills high enough so
sandpipers’ vanishing, a result of residential that done with a purpose. Also, the use
even environmentalists are beginning
and industrial development and changing to raise of present tense "raises" is not
alarms. appropriate as the projects are
A. the cost of which raises water bills high "proposed", not implemented.
enough so that "will raise" is more appropriate.
B. at a cost raising water bills so high that
C. at a cost which raises water bills high enough
so
D. whose cost will raise water bills so high that
E. whose cost will raise water bills high enough
so that
ADVSC51 The first trenches that were cut into a 500-acre Usage of past continuous is not
site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong preferable - "were arising". Simple
evidence for centrally administered complex past will suffice. "evidence for
societies in northern regions of the Middle East centrally adminstered societies" is
that were arising simultaneously with but not the intended meaning. The
independently of the more celebrated city- intended meaning is the idea
states of southern Mesopotamia, in what is THAT "centrally administered
now southern Iraq. societies arose simultaneously
A. that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell with more celebrated cities of
Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence Mesopotamia".
for centrally administered complex societies in
northern regions of the Middle East that were
arising simultaneously with but
B. that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell
Hamoukar, Syria, yields strong evidence that
centrally administered complex societies in
northern regions of the Middle East were
arising simultaneously with but also
C. having been cut into a 500-acre site at Tell
Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence
that centrally administered complex societies in
northern regions of the Middle East were
arising simultaneously but
D. cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar,
Syria, yields strong evidence of centrally
administered complex societies in northern
regions of the Middle East arising
simultaneously but also
E. cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar,
Syria, have yielded strong evidence that
centrally administered complex societies in
northern regions of the Middle East arose
ADVSC52 The Organization of Petroleum Exporting the condition implied is this -
Countries (OPEC) had long been expected to "only if non-opec nations …, the
announce a reduction in output to bolster group will pare …". The usage of
sagging oil prices, but officials of the "but" is incorrect. Also, note that
organization just recently announced that the the hypothetical subjunctive
group will pare daily production by 1.5 million requires the use of "would", not
barrels by the beginning of next year, but only "will". Also, note that subordinate
if non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, clauses ("if") that are placed at the
and Russia, were to trim output by a total of end of sentences must not be
500,000 barrels a day. separated by commas.
A. year, but only if non-OPEC nations, including
Norway, Mexico, and Russia, were to trim
output
B. year, but only if the output of non-OPEC
nations, which includes Norway, Mexico, and
Russia, is trimmed
ADVSC53 Unlike
C. yearthe
onlyoriginal National
if the output of Museum
non-OPECofnations,
Science Which' incorrectly modifies
and Technology
including Norway, in Mexico,
Italy, where
and the models
Russia, wouldare 'exhibit'. It should modify the
encased
be trimmedin glass or operated only by staff infinitive 'touch'.
members, the Virtual Leonardo
D. year only if non-OPEC nations, whichProject, an
online
includesversion
Norway, of the museum,
Mexico, encourages
and Russia, were
visitors
trimming tooutput
“touch” each exhibit, which thereby
activates theifanimated
E. year only non-OPECfunctions of the piece.
nations, including
A. exhibit, which thereby activates
Norway, Mexico, and Russia, trim output
B. exhibit, in turn an activation of
C. exhibit, and it will activate
ADVSC54 D.surge
A exhibit
in and
newthereby
home salesactivate
and a drop in CORRECT ANSWER. Subject and
E. exhibit
weekly which, as a result,
unemployment activates
claims suggest that the Verb are in agreement. It is
economy might not be as weak as some concise.
analysts previously thought.
A. claims suggest that the economy might not
be as weak as some analysts previously
thought
B. claims suggests that the economy might not
be so weak as some analysts have previously
Thought
C. claims suggest that the economy might not
be as weak as have been previously thought by
some analysts
D. claims, suggesting about the economy that it
might not be so weak as previously thought by
some analysts
E. claims, suggesting the economy might not be
as weak as previously thought to be by some
ADVSC55 Analysts
The health benefits of tea have been the Its' refers to tea. Tea does not
subject of much research; in addition to its have many possibilities. This
possibilities for preventing and inhibiting some distorts the measning of the
forms of cancer, the brewed leaves of Camellia sentence. "possibility for" is
sinensis may also play a role in reducing the unidiomatic. The correct idioms
risk of heart disease and stroke. are "possibility that" and
A. in addition to its possibilities for preventing "possibility of".
and inhibiting
B. in addition to its possibilities to prevent or
inhibit
C. besides the possibility that it prevents and
inhibits
D. besides the possible preventing and
inhibiting of
E. besides possibly preventing or inhibiting
ADVSC56 Seldom more than 40 feet wide and 12 feet Note that "but" requires parallel
deep, but it ran 363 miles across the rugged construction. "seldom more than
wilderness of upstate New York, the Erie Canal …" is a phrase whereas "but it ran
connected the Hudson River at Albany to the …" is a clause.
Great Lakes at Buffalo, providing the port of
New York City with a direct water link to the
heartland of the North American continent.
A. Seldom more than 40 feet wide and 12 feet
deep, but it ran 363 miles across the rugged
wilderness of upstate New York, the Erie Canal
connected
B. Seldom more than 40 feet wide or 12 feet
deep but running 363 miles across the rugged
wilderness of upstate New York, the Erie Canal
connected
C. It was seldom more than 40 feet wide and
12 feet deep, and ran 363 miles across the
rugged wilderness of upstate New York, but the
ADVSC57 Erie Canal, connecting
Thelonious Monk, who was a jazz pianist and "both X and Y" - X and Y must be
D. The Erie produced
composer, Canal wasaseldom
body ofmore
workthan
both40 perfectly parallel.
feet wide
rooted or 12
in the feet deep and
stride-piano it ranof
tradition 363 miles
Willie
across the Smith
(The Lion) ruggedandwilderness of upstate
Duke Ellington, yet New
in
York, which connected
many ways he stood apart from the
E. The Erie Canal,
mainstream seldom more than 40 feet
jazz repertory.
wide
A. and 12 feet
Thelonious deep,
Monk, whobutwas
running
a jazz363 miles
pianist and
across the rugged
composer, produced wilderness
a body ofofwork
upstate
bothNew
York,
Rooted connecting
B. Thelonious Monk, the jazz pianist and
composer, produced a body of work that was
rooted both
C. Jazz pianist and composer Thelonious Monk,
who produced a body of work rooted
D. Jazz pianist and composer Thelonious Monk
produced a body of work that was rooted
E. Jazz pianist and composer Thelonious Monk
produced a body of work rooted both
ADVSC58 Clouds are formed from the evaporation of the One part of the sentence reads -
oceans’ water that is warmed by the Sun and "evaporation of ocean's water that
rises high into the atmosphere, condensing in rises into the atmosphere". This is
tiny droplets on minute particles of dust. redundant as "that rises into the
A. Clouds are formed from the evaporation of atmosphere" implies that the
the oceans’ water that is warmed by the Sun water has evaporated. X is formed
and rises high into the atmosphere, condensing by Y implies that Y FORMS X.
in tiny droplets on minute particles of dust. X is formed from Y implies that Y is
B. Clouds form by the Sun’s warmth the MATERIAL used to form X.
evaporating the water in the oceans, which A: Clouds are formed from the
rises high into the atmosphere, condensing in evaporation.
tiny droplets on minute particles of dust. It means that The evaporation is
C. Warmed by the Sun, ocean water the material used to form clouds.
evaporates, rises high into the atmosphere, and Also, the present participle
condenses in tiny droplets on minute particles condensing implies
of dust to form clouds. contemporaneous action -- an
D. The water in the oceans evaporates, warmed action happening AT THE SAME
by the Sun, rises high into the atmosphere, and TIME as the preceding actions --
condenses in tiny droplets on minute particles but the intended meaning is that
of dust, which forms clouds. the water condenses AFTER it rises
E. Ocean water, warmed by the Sun, high into the atmosphere.
evaporates and rises high into the atmosphere,
which then condenses in tiny droplets on
minute particles of dust to form as clouds.

ADVSC59 According to a recent study of consumer Plural subject "increases" needs

spending on prescription medications, plural verb 'account'.
increases in the sales of the 50 drugs that were
advertised most heavily accounts for almost
half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug
spending last year, the remainder of which
came from sales of the 9,850 prescription
medicines that companies did not advertise or
advertised very little.
A. heavily accounts for almost half of the $20.8
billion increase in drug spending last year, the
ADVSC60 remainder
A March 2000 of which
Census came
Bureau survey showed "largest share for any country to
B. heavily were
that Mexico accountedwhat accounted
for more forthanalmost half contribute" -seems to imply that
a quarter
of the $20.8 billion increase in drug
of all foreign-born residents of the United spending there is a maximum limit. It
last year;
States, thethe remainder
largest of the
share for anyincrease
country coming
to implies that it is a duty/obligation.
C. heavily accounted
contribute since 1890,forwhenalmost half30
about of percent
the
$20.8
of the billion
country’sincrease in drug spending
foreign-born populationlastwas
year, the remainder
from Germany. of the increase coming
D. the
A. heavily, accounting
largest share forfor anyalmost
country halftoof the
$20.8 billion increase in drug spending last
contribute
year,
B. thewhile theshare
largest remainder
that any of country
the increase
has came
E. heavily,
contributed which accounted for almost half of
thewhich
C. $20.8makes
billionitincrease
the largestin drug
sharespending
for any last
year,
countrywith
tothe remainder of it coming
contribute
D. having the largest share to be contributed by
any country
E. having the largest share to have been
contributed by any country
ADVSC61 Because of a similarity to dance, synchronized "movements" do not have agency.
swimming—exhibition swimming in which the They cannot synchronize to
movements of one or more swimmers something by themselves.
synchronize to a musical accompaniment—is "synchronize to" is unidiomatic.
sometimes called water ballet, especially in
theatrical situations.
A. of one or more swimmers synchronize to
B. of one swimmer or more is synchronized
with
C. of one or more swimmers are synchronized
with
D. by one swimmer or more is synchronized to
E. by one or more swimmers synchronize to

ADVSC62 While studying the genetic makeup of corn, a The modifier 'While studying the
new class of mutant genes was discovered by ….corn' incorrectly modifies ' a
Barbara McClintock, a discovery which led to new class of genes'. It should
greater understanding of cell differentiation. rather modify BM. "which" must
A. a new class of mutant genes was discovered be separated by commas.
by Barbara McClintock, a discovery which led
B. a new class of mutant genes in corn were
discovered by Barbara McClintock, leading
C. Barbara McClintock discovered a new class
of mutant genes, and it led
D. Barbara McClintock discovered a new class
ADVSC63 of mutant
At the annualgenes, a discovery
stockholders that ledinvestors Threat from' is incorrect. "Threat
meeting,
E. Barbara
heard McClintock,onwho
a presentation the discovered
numerous a new of' is preferred. 'Sales for' is
class of mutant
challenges genes,
facing leading including
the company, incorrect. 'Sales of' is preferred.
among them the threat from a rival’s Also, note that the usage of
multibillion-dollar patent infringement suit and "including" is redundant. "among"
the declining sales for the company’s powerful means the same thing. "threat" is
microprocessor chip. not perfectly parallel to
A. including among them the threat from a "declining".
rival’s multibillion-dollar patent-infringement
suit and the declining sales for
B. which includes the threat of a rival’s
multibillion-dollar patent-infringement suit and
declining sales of
C. included among these the threat from a
rival’s multibillion-dollar patent-infringement
suit as well as a decline in sales for
D. among them the threat of a rival’s
multibillion-dollar patent-infringement suit and
ADVSC64 the decline
Whereas in in sales of the tiny tubes that
mammals CORRECT ANSWER. Correct
E.
convey nutrientsthe
among these threatcells
to bone fromare
a rival’s
arrayed in comparison between 'mammals'
multibillion-dollar patent-infringement
parallel lines, in birds suit as and 'birds'.
the tubes form a random
well as the decline in sales for
pattern.
A. Whereas in mammals the tiny tubes that
convey nutrients to bone cells are arrayed in
parallel lines, in birds the tubes
B. Whereas the tiny tubes for the conveying of
nutrients to bone cells are arrayed in mammals
in parallel lines, birds have tubes that
C. Unlike mammals, where the tiny tubes for
conveying nutrients to bone cells are arrayed in
parallel lines, birds’ tubes
D. Unlike mammals, in whom the tiny tubes
that convey nutrients to bone cells are arrayed
in parallel lines, the tubes in birds
E. Unlike the tiny tubes that convey nutrients to
bone cells, which in mammals are arrayed in
parallel lines, in birds the tubes
ADVSC65 A mixture of poems and short fiction, Jean RW and RE are not novels. The list
Toomer’s Cane has been called one of the following - should have novels.
three best novels ever written by Black Note that we are comparing
Americans—the others being Richard Wright, novels and hence need the same
author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author structure to be paralleled.
of Invisible Man.
A. Black Americans—the others being Richard
Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison,
author of Invisible Man
B. Black Americans—including Native Son by
Richard Wright and Invisible Man by Ralph
Ellison
C. a Black American—including Richard Wright,
author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author
of Invisible Man
D. a Black American—the others being Richard
Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison,
author of Invisible Man
E. a Black American—the others being Richard
Wright’s Native Son and Ralph Ellison’s Invisible
ADVSC66 In
Manan attempt to produce premium oysters, a sitting' and 'provides' are not
firm in Scotland has developed a prototype of a parallel. The participial modifier
submersible oyster farm, sitting below the 'Sitting' incorrectly modifies "a
surface of the ocean, and it provides ideal firm in Scotland".
conditions for the mollusks’ growth.
A. farm, sitting below the surface of the ocean,
and it provides
B. farm, sitting below the surface of the ocean
ADVSC67 for providing
Because of wireless service costs plummeting the sentence reads - "because of
C. farm that
in the last sitsand
year, below the surface
as mobile phones of the
areocean wireless costs + modifier" - not the
and providing
increasingly common, many people now using intended meaning. "and" must
D. farm
their that sits
mobile below
phones to the
makesurface of the aocean connect two things in parallel.
calls across
and provides
wide region at night and on weekends, when "wireless costs plummeting" is a
E. farm thatwireless
numerous is sittingcompanies
below theprovide
surface of the phrase whereas "as mobile
ocean and it provides
unlimited airtime for a relatively small monthly phones are …" is a clause. "many
fee. people now + modifier" is not a
A. Because of wireless service costs complete sentence. Hence, this
plummeting in the last year, and as mobile option is a sentence fragment.
phones are increasingly common, many people
B. As the cost of wireless service plummeted in
the last year and as mobile phones became
ADVSC68 Dressed
increasinglyas acommon,
man and using
many the
people name Robert CORRECT ANSWER. 'was injured'
Shurtleff,
C. In the last year, with the cost offirst
Deborah Sampson, the woman to and 'was discharged' are parallel.
wireless
draw
service plummeting, and mobile phones have Simple past used correctly. Note
a soldier’s pension, joined the Continental
Army
become in 1782 at the age
increasingly of 22, was
common, thereinjured
are many also the usage of past perfect "had
three
people times, and was discharged in 1783 become" - this happened before
because she had become too
D. With the cost of wireless service ill to serve. she "was discharged".
A. 22, was injured three times, and
plummeting in the last year and mobile phones was
discharged in 1783 because
becoming increasingly she had
common, many become
people
B.
are22, was injured three times, while being
discharged
E. While theincost 1783ofbecause
wireless she
servicehad has
become
C. 22, and was injured three times,
plummeted in the last year and mobile phones and
discharged
are increasinglyin 1783, being many people are
common,
D. 22, injured three times, and was discharged
in 1783 because she was
E. 22, having been injured three times and
discharged in 1783, being
ADVSC69 Unlike most other mergers in the utility There need to be two companies.
industry, which have been driven by the need "Leading gas and electric
to save money and extend companies’ service company" seems like one
areas, the merger of the nation’s leading gas company. This distorts the
and electric company is intended to create a meaning of the sentence.
huge marketing network for the utilities in
question with states opening their utility
markets to competition.
A. and electric company is intended to create a
huge marketing network for the utilities in
question with states opening
B. and electric companies are intended to
create a huge network for marketing the
utilities in question as states open
C. and electric companies are intended to
create a huge network that will be marketing
the utilities in question, with states opening
ADVSC70 D. company
In many and electric
nations, criminalcompany
law doesarenotintending
apply to CORRECT ANSWER. Subject and
to create a huge
corporations, butmarketing network
in the United Statedfortoday,
the a Verb are in agreement. It is
utilities in question,
corporation commitswith states
a crime opening one of concise.
whenever
E. company
its employees and leadingaelectric
commits crime, ifcompany
the is
intended
employeetoactedcreate a huge
within thenetwork
scope offor
his or her
marketingand
authority the ifutilities in question
the corporation as statesas a
benefited
open
result.
A. a corporation commits a crime whenever
one of its employees commits a crime, if the
employee acted
B. a corporation is committing a crime
whenever one of its employees committed a
crime, if those employees were acting
C. corporations commit a crime whenever one
of its employees does, on the condition that
the employee acts
D. corporations commit crimes whenever an
employee of those corporations commit a
crime, if it was while acting
E. the corporation whose employees commit a
crime, commits a crime, whenever the
employee acted

ADVSC71 Unlike a female grizzly bear in the Rockies, Incorrectly compare a 'female
which typically occupies a range of 50 to 300 bear' and 'range'.
square miles, a male’s range will cover 200 to
500 and occasionally as many as 600.
A. Unlike a female grizzly bear in the Rockies,
which typically occupies a range of 50 to 300
square miles, a male’s range will cover 200 to
500 and occasionally as
B. Unlike the range of a female grizzly bear in
the Rockies, typically occupying 50 to 300
square miles, a male will cover 200 to 500 and
occasionally so
C. While the typical range of a female grizzly
bear in the Rockies is 50 to 300 square miles,
with males, their range can cover 200 to 500
square miles and occasionally so
D. Whereas a female grizzly bear in the Rockies
typically occupies a range of 50 to 300 square
miles, a male will cover 200 to 500 and
ADVSC72 Growing evidence that coastal erosion occurs "Such .. Like" is incorrect. "not in
continuously, not in just such calamitous bursts just such calamitous bursts …"
like hurricanes, has led scientists and planners seems to imply that coastal
to urge a stringent new approach to limiting erosion does not occur in
development along the nation’s shoreline. "calamitous bursts" - not the
A. coastal erosion occurs continuously, not in intended meaning.
just such calamitous bursts like hurricanes, has
B. coastal erosion occurs continuously, not just
in calamitous bursts such as hurricanes, has
C. coastal erosion is continuously occurring, not
in just calamitous bursts like hurricanes, having
D. there is continuous coastal erosion, not just
in calamitous bursts such as hurricanes, which
has
E. there is continuous coastal erosion
occurring, not in just such calamitous bursts
ADVSC73 Scientists have identified
like hurricanes, has an asteroid, 2000 "it can do tremendous damage …"
BF19, that is about half a mile wide and, if it is not parallel to "is about half a
strikes Earth, it can do tremendous damage to mile wide"
part of the planet but probably not cause
planet-wide destruction.
A. and, if it strikes Earth, it can do tremendous
damage to part of the planet but
B. and, if it would strike Earth, part of the
planet could experience a tremendous amount
of damage but it would
C. and that, if it were to strike Earth, could do
tremendous damage to part of the planet but
would
D. and that, if Earth is struck by it, can do part
ADVSC74 of
Thethe planeteconomic
current tremendous damage,
downturn hasbut it would both' and 'as well as' together are
E. and that, if it strikes Earth, it could
significantly reduced advertising income both unidiomatic. The usage of a
experience
for businessajournals
tremendousas wellamount of damage conditional "especially if focusing
as general
but
consumer magazines, especially if focusing on …" does not make sense. Also, "if
technology. focusing …" seems to be a comma
A. has significantly reduced advertising income + -ing modifier at the end of a
both for business journals as well as general sentence and applies to the
consumer magazines, especially if focusing subject "the current economic
B. has significantly reduced advertising income downturn" - Not logical.
both for business journals and for general
consumer magazines, especially those focusing
C. significantly reduced advertising income for
both business journals and for general
consumer magazines, especially when focused
D. reduced both business journals’ and general
consumer magazines’ advertising income
ADVSC75 The United States
significantly, minted
especially about 857 million
if focused CORRECT ANSWER. Converys
silver-colored
E. reduced advertising income significantly for meaning correctly. It is concise.
“Susan B. Anthony” dollars
between 1979journals,
both business and 1981, asbut
wellthe
as coin proved
for general
unpopular because it looked
consumer magazines, andthose
especially felt too much
focusing
like a quarter.
A. The United States minted about 857 million
silver-colored “Susan B. Anthony” dollars
between 1979 and 1981, but the coin
B. About 857 million silver-colored “Susan B.
Anthony” dollars were minted as coins in the
United States between 1979 and 1981 but
C. About 857 million silver-colored “Susan B.
Anthony” dollars that were minted between
1979 and 1981 in the United States
D. About 857 million silver-colored “Susan B.
Anthony” dollars that the United States minted
between 1979 and 1981
E. Between 1979 and 1981 the United States
minted about 857 million silver-colored “Susan
B. Anthony” dollars, which
ADVSC76 Over 75 percent of the energy produced in "it" = "over 75 percent of the
France derives from nuclear power, while in energy produced in France".
Germany it is just over 33 percent.
A. while in Germany it is just over 33 percent
B. compared to Germany, which uses just over
33 percent
C. whereas nuclear power accounts for just
over 33 percent of the energy produced in
Germany
D. whereas just over 33 percent of the energy
comes from nuclear power in Germany
E. compared with the energy from nuclear
power in Germany, where it is just over 33
ADVSC77 A new study suggests that the conversational
percent ability for' is unidiomatic. 'For
pace of everyday life may be so brisk it distinguishing' and 'to make' are
hampers the ability of some children for not parallel. Also the correct form
distinguishing discrete sounds and words and, of the idiom is "so + adjective +
the result is, to make sense of speech. that" - the "that" is missing. The
A. it hampers the ability of some children for sentence reads - "AND, the result
distinguishing discrete sounds and words and, is, it hampers the ability to make
the result is, to make sense of speech". - result of what?
B. that it hampers the ability of some children
to distinguish discrete sounds and words and,
as a result, to make
C. that it hampers the ability of some children
to distinguish discrete sounds and words and,
the result of this, they are unable to make
ADVSC78 D.
Forthat it hampers
protection fromthe
theability
summerof some children
sun, the CORRECT ANSWER. Conveys the
to
Mojave lived in open-sided, flat-topped and
distinguish discrete sounds and words, meaning accurately. Modifier is
results
dwellings in not making
known as shades, each a roof of specific and concise.
E. as to hamper
poles and arrowweed the ability of some
supported bychildren
posts setfor
in
distinguishing
a rectangle. discrete sounds and words,
resulting
A. each a in being
roof unable
of poles andtoarrowweed
make
B. each a roof of poles and arrowweed that are
being
C. with each being a roof of poles and
arrowweed
D. with roofs of poles and arrowweed to be
E. with roofs of poles and arrowweed that are

ADVSC79 Sulfur dioxide, a major contributor to acid rain, CORRECT ANSWER. Modifiers are
is an especially serious pollutant because it correctly placed and structured.
diminishes the respiratory system’s ability to
deal with all other pollutants.
A. an especially serious pollutant because it
diminishes the respiratory system’s ability to
deal
B. an especially serious pollutant because of
diminishing the respiratory system’s capability
of dealing
C. an especially serious pollutant because it
diminishes the capability of the respiratory
system in dealing
D. a specially serious pollutant because it
diminishes the capability of the respiratory
system to deal
E. a specially serious pollutant because of
diminishing the respiratory system’s ability to
deal
ADVSC80 While digging in the Egyptian desert, huge "digging …" should modify
fossil bones have been found by paleoentologists. "which"
paleontologists, which appears to have been illogically refers to
the second most massive dinosaur that ever "paleoentologists".
lived.
A. huge fossil bones have been found by
paleontologists, which appears to have been
B. huge fossil bones have been found by
paleontologists, which appear to be from
C. it appears that paleontologists have found
ADVSC81 huge
In thefossil bones that
mid-1970’s, since are from
birds were overcome comma before "and" when it joins
D. paleontologists
by have found
pollution, and routinely huge
falling fossil
from thebones
sky two phrases is incorrect. "this"
from what
above appearsfreeways,
Los Angeles to be this prompted cannot refer to an entire clause.
E. paleontologists
officials in Californiahave found huge
to devise a planfossil
that "devise a plan that reduced
bones, which
reduced are from
automobile what appear to be
emissions. emissions" - incorrect. Reduced is
A. since birds were overcome by pollution, and in the future of "devise". Hence,
routinely falling from the sky above Los Angeles we need "future in the past" -
freeways, this prompted officials in California to "would".
devise a plan that reduced
B. since birds that had been overcome by
pollution were routinely falling from the sky
above Los Angeles freeways, it prompted
officials in California to devise a plan that
would reduce
C. birds had been overcome by pollution and
routinely fell from the sky above Los Angeles
freeways, prompting officials in California to
devise a plan that reduced
D. birds overcome by pollution routinely fell
from the sky above Los Angeles freeways,
prompting officials in California to devise a plan
ADVSC82 to reducea government advisory committee
In Japan, "called for" indicates an intention.
E. birds
called for overcome
the breakupby pollution
of Nippon and routinely
Telephone We need to use "so that" to
falling from theCompany,
and Telegraph sky abovethe Loslargest
Angeles freeways specify intention. (Not required for
telephone
were
company prompting officials
in the world, soinitCalifornia
would be to twodevise
local the exam - The timeline of tenses
aphone
plan to reduce
companies and one long-distance also does not make sense. "called
provider. for …" - this sentence is stated in
A. In Japan, a government advisory committee the present. However, "it would
called for the breakup of Nippon Telephone …" is stated in the past.)
and Telegraph Company, the largest telephone
company in the world, so it would be
B. The breakup of the world’s largest telephone
company, Nippon Telephone and Telegraph
Company, was called for by a government
ADVSC83 advisory
In committeePope
1713, Alexander in Japan,
began sohis
it would be
translation Taking' and 'Pronounced' are not
C.
of A
thegovernment
Iliad, a work advisory committee
that, taking him seven in Japan
years parallel. "taking …" is a modifier
called for the breakup
until completion, of Nippon
and that literaryTelephone
critic Samuel whereas the part to the right hand
and Telegraph
Johnson, Pope’sCompany, the world’s
contemporary, largest
pronounced side of "and" is a verb phrase.
telephone
the greatest company,
translationintoin any language. "Until" used as a preposition = "up
D. Thetranslation
A. his breakup ofofNippon
the Iliad,Telephone
a work that, and to" (seven years up to completion
Telegraph
taking himCompany,
seven years theuntil
world’s largest and is Wrong)
completion,
telephone
that literarycompany, was called
critic Samuel Johnson, for Pope’s
by a
government advisory
contemporary, committee in Japan, so it
pronounced
would be
B. his translation of the Iliad, a work that took
E.
him sevenfor
Called by ato
years government
complete and advisory
that literary
committee,
critic Samuelthe breakup
Johnson, of Nippon
Pope’s Telephone
contemporary,
and Telegraph Company in Japan, the world’s
pronounced
largest telephoneofcompany,
C. his translation the Iliad,was to be
a work intohad
that
taken seven years to complete and that literary
critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary,
pronounced it as
D. translating the Iliad, a work that took seven
years until completion and that literary critic
Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary,
pronounced it as
ADVSC84 Scientists who studied the famous gold field but THAT' is not parallel to
known as Serra Pelada concluded that the rich anything.
lode was not produced by the accepted
methods of ore formation but that swarms of
microbes over millions of years concentrated
the gold from jungle soils and rivers and rocks.
A. not produced by the accepted methods of
ore formation but that swarms of microbes
over millions of years
ADVSC85 B.
Thenot produced byoffice
commission’s the accepted methods of CORRECT ANSWER. Correct usage
of compliance,
ore formation but instead
inspections, and investigations plans swarms of to
microbes of 'not only but also'. Maintains
over millions of years that
intensify its scrutiny of stock analysts to parallelism.
C. not produced
investigate not only by the accepted
whether methods
research is anof
ore formationfunction
independent but swarms of microbes
at brokerage over
firms, but
millions of years that
also whether conflicts result when analysts
D.
ownproduced
the stocks nottheyby the
writeaccepted
about or methods
when they of
ore paid
are formation
for theirbutwork
by swarms of microbes
by a firm’s investment that
over
bankingmillions of years
division.
E. produced not
A. to investigate not by the
onlyaccepted
whethermethods
researchofis
ore formation but that swarms
an independent function at brokerage firms, of microbes
ADVSC86 overalso
The
but millions
whether of years
nineteenth-century conflicts chemist
result Humphry
when analystsDavy CORRECT ANSWER. "A critique'
presented
own the stocks the results of hisabout
they write earlyor experiments
when they and 'A vision' are parallel.
in
arehis “Essay on Heat and Light,” a critique of all
chemistry since Robert
B. to investigate not only Boyle as well
whether as a vision
research is
of
an aindependent
new chemistry that Davy
function hoped tofirms,
at brokerage found.
A.
buta also
critique of all chemistry
if conflicts result when since Robertown
analysts Boyle
as
thewell as athey
stocks vision of aabout or they are
write
B. a critique
C. to not onlyofinvestigate
all chemistry following
whether Robert
or not
Boyle
researchandisalso his envisioning
an independent of a at
function
C. a critique
brokerage of allbut
firms, chemistry after Robert
also if conflicts resultBoyle
and
when envisioning
analysts own as well
the stocks they write about
ADVSC87 D.
or critiquing
are financial
Several all chemistry
officers offrom Robert Boyle
the company spoke CORRECT ANSWER. Clear and
forward
D. not and
only toalso a vision
investigate
on condition that they not be named of
whether or not
in the concise. "on condition that"
E. critiquing
research
press is an
reports. allindependent
the chemistry done since
function at requires the subjunctive mood.
Robert
brokerage Boyle
A. that they as well
firms,
not as
butnamed
be also hiswhether
own envisioning
conflicts of
result
B. thatwhen
their analysts
names will own notthebestocks
used they write
about
C. thator are names are not used
their
E.
D. not
of notonly to investigate
having their names whether research is
an
E. of not naming them at brokerage firms,
independent function
but also whether conflicts result when analysts
own the stocks they write about or when
ADVSC88 There are several ways to build solid walls using The forming' and 'they are laid'
just mud or clay, but the most extensively used are not parallel.
method has been the forming of bricks out of
mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air
drying or sun drying, they are laid in the wall in
mud mortar.
A. the forming of bricks out of mud or clay,
and, after some preliminary air drying or sun
drying, they are laid
B. forming the mud or clay into bricks, and,
after some preliminary air drying or sun drying,
to lay them
C. having bricks formed from mud or clay, and,
after some preliminary air drying or sun drying,
they were laid
D. to form the mud or clay into bricks, and,
after some preliminary air drying or sun drying,
to lay them
E. that bricks were formed from mud or clay,
ADVSC89 Just
which,likeafter
the background
some preliminary in art air
history needed
drying or sun Incorrectly compares 'background
by an archaeologist
drying, were laid in order to evaluate finds in art history' to a 'nautical
of ancient art, the nautical archaeologist needs archaeologist'.
specialized knowledge of the history and
theory of ship design in order to understand
shipwrecks.
A. Just like the background in art history
needed by an archaeologist in order to
evaluate finds of ancient art, the
B. Just as an archaeologist who needs a
background in art history to evaluate finds of
ADVSC90 The globalization
ancient art, a of financial-services "because of Verb + -ing" is
companies
C. Just as anhas been a boon
archaeologist to money
needs a background considered unidiomatic.
launders,
in art historybecause of allowing
to evaluate finds money placed
of ancient art, in
so
a bank in a less regulated jurisdiction to be
transferred to a branch inwho
D. Like the archaeologist a more regulated
evaluates finds of
one.
ancient art and requires a background in art
A. of allowing
history, so the money placed in a bank in a less
regulated jurisdiction
E. As evaluating to ancient
finds of be transferred
art requires an
B. of allowing who
archaeologist the transfer
has a of money placed
background art in a who broke' and 'they recorded'
ADVSC91 Unlike
bank inhuman
a less runners, who
regulated broke theinfour-
jurisdiction
history, so the
minute milethat
C. it allows in 1954
money andplaced
they consistently
in a bank in a are not parallel. Use of simple past
recorded faster times ever since,
less regulated jurisdiction is transferred horses in 'recorded' is incorrect. Use of
classic races such as the Kentucky
D. it allows the transfer of money have been Derby have present perfect 'have recorded' is
had
placed in a bank in a less regulated jurisdiction preferred with "since". "horses
winning times with little improvement:
Secretariat’s
E. it allows moneyworld-record-breaking
placed in a bank in Derby
a lesstime have had winning times with little
of
regulated jurisdiction to be transferred and improvement" - seems to imply
1:59 2/5, for example, was set in 1973
remained unsurpassed more than a quarter of that they NO longer have such
a century later. times. i.e. they might have shown
A. they consistently recorded faster times ever improvement in timing.
since, horses in classic races such as the
Kentucky Derby have had winning times with
little improvement
B. they have consistently recorded faster times
ever since, those of horses in classic races such
as the Kentucky Derby have shown little
improvement in winning times
C. have consistently recorded faster times ever
since, horses in classic races such as the
Kentucky Derby have shown little improvement
in winning times
D. have consistently recorded faster times ever
since, in those of classic races such as the
Kentucky Derby, horses have had winning times
with little improvement
E. consistently recorded faster times ever since,
those of horses in classic races such as the
ADVSC92 Marconi’s conception of the radio was as a "conception of X as Y" is not
substitute for the telephone, a tool for private idiomatic. "it is precisely the
conversation; instead, it is precisely the opposite" - states a general truth.
opposite, a tool for communicating with a This implies that this was true
large, public audience. even when the radio was
A. Marconi’s conception of the radio was as a conceived.
substitute for the telephone, a tool for private
conversation; instead, it is
B. Marconi conceived of the radio as a
substitute for the telephone, a tool for private
conversation, but which is
C. Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for
ADVSC93 private conversation
The single-family thatconstructed
house could substitute
by thefor CORRECT ANSWER. 'Overlaid' and
the telephone; instead, it has become
Yana, a Native American people who lived in 'banked' are parallel. It is clear and
D. Marconi
what is nowconceived of the radiowas
northern California, to be a toolin
conical concise.
for private conversation, a substitute
shape, its framework of poles overlaid with for the
telephone, which has become
slabs of bark, either cedar or pine, and banked
E. Marconi
with dirt toconceived
a height ofofthree
the radio
to four to feet.
be a
substitute for the telephone,
A. banked with dirt to a height of a tool for private
conversation, other than what it
B. banked with dirt as high as that of is,
C. banked them with dirt to a height of
ADVSC94 On Earth,
D. was among
banked thedirt
with surest indications
as high as of rate that trees grow' is illogical.
sunspot cycles with
E. was banked are believed to be
dirt as high asthe
thatrate
of that trees do not grow rates. "among"
trees grow, as seen in the rings visible in the is a preposition. Hence, "surest
cross sections of their trunks. indications" cannot be the subject.
A. On Earth, among the surest indications of "the rate" is the subject. Hence,
sunspot cycles are believed to be the rate that "are" is incorrect.
trees grow
B. On Earth, among the surest indications of
sunspot cycles are, it is believed, the rate of
tree growth
C. On Earth, the rate at which trees grow is
believed to be among the surest indications of
sunspot cycles
D. Among the surest indications on Earth of
sunspot cycles, believed to be the tree growth
rate
E. Among the surest indications on Earth of
sunspot cycles is believed to be the rate at
which trees grow

ADVSC95 Since 1975 so many people have been moving So such that' is incorrect. Use of
to Utah such that Mormons who were once 75 continous form 'are accounting' is
percent of the population are now only incorrect. We do not use
accounting for half of it. continuous tenses with state verbs
A. so many people have been moving to Utah such as love/hate/own/account
such that Mormons who were once 75 percent etc.
of the population are now only accounting for
half of it
B. many people have been moving to Utah, so
Mormons once 75 percent of the population
are now accounting for only half
C. that many people have been moving to
Utah, such that the Mormons that were once
75 percent of the population are now
accounting for only half of it
D. many people have been moving to Utah
such that the Mormons, who once represented
75 percent of the population, now only
account for half
E. so many people have been moving to Utah
that the Mormons, who once represented 75
ADVSC96 When working with overseas clients, an "when working …" incorrectly
understanding of cultural norms is at least as modifies "an understanding …".
important as grasping the pivotal business
issues for the global manager.
A. When working with overseas clients, an
understanding of cultural norms is at least as
important as grasping the pivotal business
issues for the global manager.
B. When they work with overseas clients,
understanding cultural norms is at least of
ADVSC97 equal
Were itimportance
not for thetofusion-powered
the global manager as
heat and "were it not + instead" is
grasping the pivotal business issues.
radiation that rush from its core, instead its redundant.
C.
ownForweight
globalwould
managerscauseworking with
a star to overseas
collapse.
clients,
A. insteadunderstanding
its own weight cultural
wouldnorms
causeisaat least
star to
as important
collapse as grasping the pivotal business
issues.
B. instead a star would have collapsed under its
D.
ownForweight
global managers working with overseas
clients,
C. a staran understanding
would have to beof cultural norms
collapsing under itsis at
least as
own weightimportant to them as that they grasp
the
D. apivotal business
star would issues.
collapse under its own weight
E.
E. its own weight would havewith
Global managers working overseas
caused a star’s
clients
collapsefind an understanding of cultural norms
to be equally important as grasping the pivotal
business issues.
ADVSC98 Although energy prices have tripled in the "indicates few people" is illogical.
United States over the last two years, research Usage of "nor" is incorrect. It must
indicates few people to have significantly connect a negative idea in clause 1
reduced the amount of driving they do, nor are ("few people") with a positive idea
they making fuel efficiency a priority when in clause 2 ("they are making").
shopping for cars. "they are making" is incorrect
A. few people to have significantly reduced the because "they" = "few people"
amount of driving they do, nor are they making (not many)
B. few people having significantly reduced the
amount of driving they do or made
C. that there are few people who have
significantly reduced the amount of driving
they do, nor having made
D. that few people have significantly reduced
the amount of driving they do and are not
ADVSC99 In 1914 a total of 469,000 cars and trucks were "the numbers of" - we do not
making
ADVSC100 producedfewinpeople
the United
E. that commitment
Heavy have
by an States, but into
significantly
executive 1929
a course know
reduced what
Who will thisthose
miss referssigns?
to. Not
theaction,
of amount of driving
especially if itthey
hasdo or made
worked well in the clear. The two "it"s refer to two
past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient different things. 1st = course of
trouble or misinterpret them when they do action. 2nd = placeholder.
appear.
A. Heavy commitment by an executive to a
course of action, especially if it has worked well
in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of
incipient trouble or misinterpret them when
they do appear.
B. An executive who is heavily committed to a
course of action, especially one that worked
well in the past, makes missing signs of
incipient trouble or misinterpreting ones likely
when they do appear.
C. An executive who is heavily committed to a
course of action is likely to miss or misinterpret
signs of incipient trouble when they do appear,
especially if it has worked well in the past.
D. Executives’ being heavily committed to a
course of action, especially if it has worked well
in the past, makes them likely to miss signs of
incipient trouble or misinterpreting them when
they do appear.
ADVSC101 Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress CORRECT ANSWER
that made provision for the removal of the
government of the United States to the new
federal city, Washington, D.C., also established
the Library of Congress.
A. Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress
that made provision for the removal of the
government of the United States to the new
federal city, Washington, D.C., also established
B. The act of Congress, which was approved
April 24, 1800, making provision for the
removal of the government of the United
States to the new federal city, Washington,
D.C., also established
ADVSC102 Emily
C. TheDickinson’s letters
act of Congress to SusanApril
approved Huntington
24, 1800, comma + -ing modifiers should
Dickinson
which made provision for the removal of the serve either as descriptions or as
were written over a period beginning
agovernment
few years before
of the Susan’s marriage
United States to Emily’s
to the new effects of the preceding clause.
brother and Washington,
federal city, ending shortly before
D.C., and Emily’s
established "outnumbering her letters …" is
death in 1886,
D. Approved outnumbering
April 24, 1800, makingher letters to
provision not a description because it does
anyone else.
for the removal of the government of the not describe HOW they were
A. Dickinson were written over
United States to the new federal city, a period written over a period of time. It is
beginning
Washington, a few
D.C.,years before
the act Susan’s marriage
of Congress also also not an effect because "were
to Emily’s
established brother and ending shortly before written over a period of time"
Emily’s
E. Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress does NOT automatically lead to
death in 1886, outnumbering
B. Dickinson
made provisionwereforwritten over aofperiod
the removal the that "outnumbering her other letters".
begins a few of
government years
the before
UnitedSusan’s
States to marriage
the newto What if she wrote only letter per
Emily’s
federal brother and endedD.C.,
city, Washington, shortly
alsobefore
establishing year?
Emily’s death in 1886, outnumber
C. Dickinson, written over a period beginning a
few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s
brother and that ends shortly before Emily’s
death in 1886 and outnumbering
D. Dickinson, which were written over a period
beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage
ADVSC103 to Emily’s brother,
Prospecting for gold ending
duringshortly before Emily’s
the California gold Because of' should be followed
deathwas
rush in 1886, and outnumbering
a relatively easy task, because of by a noun idea. Here it is
E. Dickinson,
erosion, which were
prehistoric glacierwritten over aand
movement, period followed by a clause - "riverbeds
beginning a few years riverbeds
ancient, gold-bearing before Susan’s
thrustmarriage
to the thrust … put gold within reach …"
to Emily’s brother and ending shortly
surface by volcanic activity put gold literally before
Emily’sreach
within deathforin 1886,
anybody outnumber
with a pan or shovel.
A. because of erosion, prehistoric glacier
movement, and ancient, gold-bearing riverbeds
thrust to the surface by volcanic activity put
gold literally within reach for
B. because of erosion, prehistoric glacier
movement, and volcanic activity that thrust
ancient, gold-bearing riverbeds to the surface,
and putting gold literally within reach of
C. owing to erosion, prehistoric glacier
movement, and volcanic activity that had
thrust ancient, gold-bearing riverbeds to the
surface, and putting gold literally within reach
of
D. since erosion, prehistoric glacier movement,
and volcanic activity that thrust ancient,
goldbearing riverbeds to the surface, putting
gold literally within reach for
E. since erosion, prehistoric glacier movement,
and ancient, gold-bearing riverbeds thrust to
the surface by volcanic activity put gold literally
within reach of
ADVSC104 In an attempt to guarantee the security of its "prohibit" does not take the
innovative water purification method, the command subjunctive. The correct
company required each employee to sign a forms of the idiom are "prohibit X"
confidentiality agreement prohibiting that its and "prohibit X from Verb-ing Y"
water purification methods be disclosed to
companies using an analogous purification
process.
A. prohibiting that its water purification
methods be disclosed to companies
B. prohibiting them from the disclosing of its
water purification methods to any company
C. prohibiting disclosure of its water
purification methods to any company
D. that would prohibit them from disclosure of
its water purification methods to companies
E. that would prohibit its water purification
methods to be disclosed to a company
ADVSC105 The first English settlers to establish a It' has no antecedent.
permanent colony in America did it not at
Plymouth but along the shore of the James
River west of Chesapeake Bay.
A. it not at Plymouth but
B. so not at Plymouth but
C. not at Plymouth but instead
ADVSC106 South
D. not American
at Plymouthbirdbut
that
didforages
so for winged "that includes" refers to "group"
termites and
E. it not at other small
Plymouth insects while swinging
but rather whereas its parallel structure "that
upside down from the foliage of tall trees, the are" refers to "New world tropical
graveteiro belongs to the ovenbird family, a birds".
group of New World tropical birds that includes
more than 230 species and that are
represented in virtually every kind of habitat.
A. graveteiro belongs to the ovenbird family, a
group of New World tropical birds that includes
more than 230 species and that are
B. graveteiro belongs to the ovenbird family, a
group of New World tropical birds that includes
more than 230 species and is
C. graveteiro belongs to the ovenbird family, a
group of New World tropical birds that include
more than 230 species and is
D. graveteiro, which belongs to the ovenbird
family, a group of New World tropical birds that
includes more than 230 species and that are
E. graveteiro, which belongs to the ovenbird
family, a group of New World tropical birds that
includes more than 230 species and is
ADVSC107 Fossils of the arm of a sloth found in Puerto the sentence reads - "fossils
Rico in 1991, and dated at 34 million years old, ..found, and dated …, made it the
made it the earliest known mammal of the earliest known mammal" -
Greater Antilles islands. because of the comma, the verb
A. sloth found in Puerto Rico in 1991, and "made" seems to be part of a
dated at 34 million years old, made it the different construction, not
earliest known mammal of attached to the subject "fossils".
B. sloth, that they found in Puerto Rico in 1991, Also note that we do not use
has been dated at 34 million years old, thus comma to connect two phrases
making it the earliest mammal known on "found ..., and dated ..."
C. sloth that was found in Puerto Rico in 1991,
was dated at 34 million years old, making this
the earliest known mammal of
D. sloth, found in Puerto Rico in 1991, have
been dated at 34 million years old, making the
sloth the earliest known mammal on
E. sloth which, found in Puerto Rico in 1991,
was dated at 34 million years old, made the
sloth the earliest known mammal of

ADVSC108 In Scotland, the number of wild salmon have There are multiple issues here.
been reduced because of uncontrolled deep- Because of …. Coastal netting, by
sea and coastal netting, by pollution, and by pollution and by various other
various other threats to the fish’s habitat. threats are not parallel. The
A. number of wild salmon have been reduced number of wild salmon is singular.
because of uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal Hence, usage of 'have been' is
netting incorrect.
B. number of wild salmon is reduced because
deep-sea and coastal netting is not controlled
C. numbers of wild salmon has been reduced
because of uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal
netting
D. wild salmon’s numbers are reduced by deep-
sea and coastal netting that is not controlled
E. wild salmon’s numbers have been reduced
by uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal netting

ADVSC109 A scrub jay can remember when it cached a The verb 'tend' should be 'tends'
particular piece of food in a particular place, as the subject 'A scrub jay' is
researchers have discovered, and tend not to singular. "if [participle]" -- a
bother to recover a perishable treat if stored modifier that, by convention,
long enough to have rotted. refers to the SUBJECT of the
A. tend not to bother to recover a perishable sentence (not the proximate
treat if noun) - refers to "a scrub jay" -
B. they tend not to bother recovering a illogical.
perishable treat
C. tending not to bother to recover a
perishable treat it
D. tends not to bother recovering a perishable
treat
E. tends not bothering to recover a perishable
treat it
ADVSC110 The population of India has been steadily
increasing for decades, and it will probably
have what is estimated as 1.6 billion people by
2050 and surpass China as the world’s most
populous nation.
A. it will probably have what is estimated as
B. they are likely to have
C. the country will probably have
D. there will probably be
E. there will be an estimated
"it" refers to "population of india".
So, the sentence reads "the
population will have 1.6 billion
people" - not correct. We need
the verb "be" instead of "have".
"probably + estimated" is
redundant.

ADVSC111 Unlike that of earlier works on slavery, Incorrect comparison. Earlier

Blassingame’s innovative study relies not on works on slavery should be
the records of White slave owners but on the compared with Blassingame's
records of the salves themselves, especially the innovative study. 'That of' causes
70 or so autobiographies and memoirs that the issue.
have been preserved.
A. that of earlier words on slavery,
Blassingame’s
B. that of earlier works on slavery, Blassingame
in his
C. earlier works on slavery, Blassingame in his
ADVSC112 D. earlier
In the works on
sixteenth slavery,
century, theBlassingame’s
push for greater "like" should be followed by a
E. the earlier works on slavery,
precision in measuring time was Blassingame in noun. "more recently" is an
not, like more
his
recently, motivated by complicated adverb. "not motivated by …" is
philosophical questions about the nature of not parallel to "but the practical
matter and the universe, but the practical matters …". "like more recently"
matters of navigation: sailors simply needed should have referred to "sixteenth
more highly accurate timepieces in order to century" but it does not.
compute their longitude from the positions of
the stars.
A. not, like more recently, motivated by
complicated philosophical questions about the
nature of matter and the universe, but the
practical matters of navigation
B. being motivated by the practical matters of
navigation, instead of complicated
philosophical questions about the nature of
matter and the universe, as it has been recently
C. motivated not by complicated philosophical
questions about the nature of matter and the
universe, like they were more recently, but by
the practical matters of navigation
D. motivated by the practical matters of
navigation, not complicated philosophical
questions about the nature of matter and the
universe, which was the case more recently
E. motivated not by complicated philosophical
questions about the nature of matter and the
universe, as has been the case more recently,
but by the practical matters of navigation.
ADVSC113 The normative model of strategic decision-
making suggests that executives examine a
firm’s external environment and internal
conditions, and in using the set of objective
criteria they derive from these analyses, can
decide on a strategy.
A. conditions, and in using the set of objective
criteria they derive from these analyses, can
decide
B. conditions, and they use the set of objective
criteria derived from these analyses in deciding
C. conditions and, in using the set of objective
criteria derived from these analyses, deciding
D. conditions and, using the set of objective
criteria derived from these analyses, decide
E. conditions and, in their use of the set of
objective criteria they derive from these
analyses, they decide
"and in using …., can decide ..." -
the verb phrase "can decide" does
not have a subject as it is
separated by commas. The
modifier "in using …" is incorrect
because the verb "can decide on a
strategy" is NOT a part of "using
the set of objective criteria". the
comma before and ", and in
using ..." is incorrect as it makes
the verb "can decide" parallel to
"suggests" instead of "examine".

ADVSC114 Unlike mainstream American businesses, more Mainstream business are

than half of which fail, the failure rate for incorrectly compared with the
businesses in the Amish community hovers failure rate
around 5 percent.
A. Unlike mainstream American businesses,
more than half of which fail
B. Unlike mainstream American businesses, in
which the failure rate is more than half
C. Unlike mainstream American businesses,
where more than half of them fail
D. While the rate of mainstream American
ADVSC115 businesses
In late 1997,failing is more than
the chambers halfthe pyramid
inside The singular pronoun 'its' does
E. While
of more than
the Pharaoh half ofat
Menkaure mainstream
Giza were closed not agree with the plural
American
to visitors businesses
for cleaningfail
and repair due to "chambers". "due to" incorrectly
moisture exhaled by tourists, which raised its refers to "cleaning and repair"
humidity to such levels so that salt from the (the nearest noun phrase). "such
stone was crystallizing and fungus was growing levels so that" is unidiomatic.
on the walls. Also, this option has a meaning
A. due to moisture exhaled by tourists, which error. The chambers were not
raised its humidity to such levels so that salt closed because of moisture but
from the stone was crystallizing because of the fact THAT moisture
B. due to moisture that tourists had exhaled, had raised the humidity to very
thereby raising its humidity to such levels that high levels.
salt from the stone would crystallize
C. because tourists were exhaling moisture,
which had raised the humidity within them to
levels such that salt from the stone would
crystallize
D. because of moisture that was exhaled by
tourists raising the humidity within them to
levels so high as to make the salt from the
stone crystallize
E. because moisture exhaled by tourists had
raised the humidity within them to such levels
that salt from the stone was crystallizing
ADVSC116 As sources of electrical power, windmills now "almost expected to double"
account for only about 2,500 megawatts implies that it was almost
nationwide, but production is almost expected "expected", but then ultimately
to double by the end of the year, which would was NOT expected at all. "which"
provide enough electricity for 1.3 million incorrectly refers to "year".
households.
A. almost expected to double by the end of the
year, which would provide
B. almost expected that it will double by the
end of the year, thus providing
C. expected that it will almost double by the
end of the year to provide
ADVSC117 D. attempting
In expected almost to double
to solve by thecaused
the problems end of the
by Include' should be used instead of
ayear and thus
lowering to provide.
of the price of oil, oil companies 'includes' because we are referring
E. expected
operating in almost
the Northto double
Sea haveby taken
the end of the to "approaches". "their" is
a variety
year,
of which would
approaches, thusincludes
which be providing
their reducing redundant because removing it
employment, using new technology to pump does not change the meaning.
oil more efficiently from smaller fields, and
finding innovative ways to cut the cost of
building and operating platforms.
A. which includes their reducing employment,
using new technology to pump oil more
ADVSC118 efficiently
Five hundred million different species of living "nearly 99 percent of them
B. which includes
creatures reducing
have appeared onemployment,
Earth, nearlyusing
99 vanishing" is an absolute phrase.
new technology to be
percent of them vanishing. more efficient in However, this does not make
pumping oil
A. Five hundred million different species of sense as it has no bearing on HOW
C. which
living includehave
creatures reducing employment,
appeared on Earth,using
nearly the species "have appeared".
new technology
99 percent of themto pump oil more efficiently
vanishing.
D. which include the reduction
B. Nearly 99 percent of five hundred of employment,
million
their using
different new technology
species to pumpthat
of living creatures oil more
efficient
appeared on Earth have vanished.
E.
C. including
Vanished aare reduction
nearly 99ofpercent
employment,
of the their
five
use
hundred million different species ofefficient
of new technology to be more living at
pumping
creatures oil
that appeared on Earth.
D. Of five hundred million different species of
living creatures that have appeared on Earth,
nearly 99 percent of them have vanished.
E. Of the five hundred million different species
of living creatures that have appeared on Earth,
nearly 99 percent have vanished.
ADVSC119 Not one of the potential investors is expected CORRECT ANSWER. Subject and
to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank Verb agree. Correct hypothetical
until a merger agreement is signed that form 'were' is used.
includes a provision for penalties if the deal
were not to be concluded.
A. is expected to make an offer to buy First
Interstate Bank until a merger agreement is
signed that includes a provision for penalties if
the deal were
B. is expected to make an offer for buying First
Interstate Bank until they sign a merger
agreement including a provision for penalties if
the deal was
C. is expected to make an offer to buy First
Interstate Bank until a merger agreement be
signed by them with a provision for penalties if
the deal were
D. are expected to make an offer for buying
First Interstate Bank until it signs a merger
agreement with a provision for penalties
ADVSC120 included
Many if the
of the deal was
earliest known images of Hindu The modifer fashioned either ……
E. are expected
deities to befrom
in India date makingthe an offer
time to buy
of the of Mathura incorrectly modifies
First Interstate Bank until they sign
Kushan empire, fashioned either from the a merger empire. It should modify 'images'.
agreement
spotted including
sandstone ofaMathura
provisionorfor penalties if
Gandharan "either from spotted sandstone" is
the deal
grey were
schist. not parallel to "or Gandharan"
A. empire, fashioned either from the spotted
sandstone of Mathura or
B. empire, fashioned from either the spotted
sandstone of Mathura or from
C. empire, either fashioned from the spotted
sandstone of Mathura or
D. empire and either fashioned from the
ADVSC121 Plants
spottedare more efficient
sandstone at acquiring
of Mathura or fromcarbon In the form of carbon dioxide'
than are fungi,
E. empire in thefashioned
and were form of carbon dioxide,
either from the modifies fungi. This is incorrect.
and converting
spotted sandstoneit toofenergy-rich
Mathura orsugars.
from Also, note the lack of parallelism -
A. Plants are more efficient at acquiring carbon "at acquiring carbon than are
than are fungi fungi" is not parallel to
B. Plants are more efficient at acquiring carbon "converting it to energy …" (the
than fungi problem is because of the
C. Plants are more efficient than fungi at conjunction "than")
acquiring carbon
D. Plants, more efficient than fungi at acquiring
carbon
E. Plants acquire carbon more efficiently than
fungi

ADVSC122 Scientists have dated sharp-edged flakes of It seems to imply that the date on
stone found in the fine-grained sediments of a which we knew that humans
dry riverbed in the Afar region of Ethiopia to made stone tools has been
between 2.52 and 2.60 million years ago, pushed back by 150,000 years -
pushing back by more than 150,000 years the absurd.
earliest date when it is known that humans
made stone tools.
A. when it is known that humans made
B. at which it is known that humans had made
C. at which humans are known to have made
D. that humans are known to be making
E. of humans who were known to make
ADVSC123 According to analysts, an alliance between The pronoun 'are' should be used
three major personal computer companies and instead of 'is' as the subject
most of the nation’s largest local telephone 'speeds' is plural. "telephone lines
companies would enable customers to receive with speeds …" seems to imply
Internet data over regular telephone lines with that those lines have speeds.
speeds much higher than is currently possible.
A. with speeds much higher than is
B. with speeds that are much higher than are
C. at much higher speeds as are
D. at much higher speeds than that
E. at speeds much higher than are
ADVSC124 Heirloom tomatoes, grown from seeds saved Often green and striped'
from the previous year, only look less incorrectly modifies 'round and
appetizing than their round and red red supermarket cousins'. It
supermarket cousins, often green and striped, should refer to heirloom
or have plenty of bumps and bruises, but are tomatoes. "only look less
more flavorful. appetizing" and "have plenty of
A. cousins, often green and striped, or have bumps and bruises" are not
plenty of bumps and bruises, but are logically parallel. The second must
B. cousins, often green and striped, or with be a description of the first.
plenty of bumps and bruises, although
C. cousins, often green and striped, or they
have plenty of bumps and bruises, although
they are
D. cousins; they are often green and striped, or
with plenty of bumps and bruises, although
E. cousins; they are often green and striped, or
have plenty of bumps and bruises, but they are
ADVSC125 Researchers in Germany have unearthed "it" has no antecedent. "appears +
400,000-year-old wooden spears from what it was" - two verbs side by side.
appears was an ancient lakeshore hunting Incorrect. "evidence of human
ground as stunning evidence of human ancestors" is not the intended
ancestors who systematically hunted big game meaning. Usage of "as" does not
much earlier than believed. make sense here.
A. it appears was an ancient lakeshore hunting
ground as stunning evidence of human
ancestors who
B. it appears had been an ancient lakeshore
hunting ground and stunning evidence that
human ancestors
C. appears was an ancient lakeshore hunting
ground and is stunning evidence that human
ADVSC126 Regardless
ancestors of their form or function, all CORRECT ANSWER. Correctly
aerodynamically
D. appears to be anenhanced, curved objects
ancient lakeshore hunting modified
made
ground,forstunning
throwingevidence
have been
thatcalled
human
boomerangs
ancestors by non-Australians even since
1788, whenthat
E. appears Europeans saw Dharug-peaking
it is an ancient lakeshore
men
hunting ground, stunninginevidence
tossing “bumariny” the areaof later
human
known as who
ancestors Sydney.
A. Regardless of their form or function, all
aerodynamically enhanced, curved objects
made for throwing have been called
boomerangs by non-Australians even since
1788,
B. Regardless of their form or function, any
aerodynamically enhanced, curved object
made for throwing has been called a
boomerang by non-Australians even since
1788,
C. Ever since 1788, non-Australians have called
all aerodynamically enhanced, curved objects
made for throwing boomerangs, regardless of
their form or function, from
D. Ever since 1788, any aerodynamically
enhanced, curved object made for throwing
has been called a boomerang by non-
ADVSC127 The electronics company has unveiled what it A is horribly redundant. "that"
claims to be the world’s smallest network stands for "length". So, the option
digital camcorder, the length of which is that of reads - "the length of which is
a handheld computer, and it weighs less than length of a handheld computer".
11 ounces. "the length of which is that of …"
A. to be the world’s smallest network digital AND "it weighs less than …" are
camcorder, the length of which is that of a not parallel. The first is a modifier
handheld computer, and it weighs and the second is a clause. "claim
B. to be the smallest network digital camcorder to be" is incorrect - It is used when
in the world, which is as long as a handheld the person refers to
computer, weighing himself/herself.
C. is the smallest network digital camcorder in
the world, which is as long as a handheld
computer, and it weighs
D. is the world’s smallest network digital
camcorder, which is as long as a handheld
computer and weighs
E. is the world’s smallest network digital
camcorder, the length of which is that of a
handheld computer, weighing

ADVSC128 Because an oversupply of computer chips has CORRECT ANSWER. Describes

sent prices plunging, the manufacturer has Cause-effect correctly. Uses the
announced that it will cut production by correct present perfect tense 'has
closing its factories for two days a month. sent'.
A. Because an oversupply of computer chips
has sent prices plunging
B. Because of plunging prices for computer
chips, which is due to an oversupply
C. Because computer chip prices have been
sent plunging, which resulted from an
Oversupply
D. Due to plunging computer chip prices from
an oversupply
E. Due to an oversupply, with the result that
computer chip prices have been sent plunging
ADVSC129 Almost like clones in their similarity to one "them" has no antecedent. Also,
another, the cheetah species’ homogeneity the initial modifier "Almost like
makes them especially vulnerable to disease. clones …" should refer to
A. the cheetah species’ homogeneity makes "cheetahs". Here it refers to
them especially vulnerable to disease "homogeneity".
B. the cheetah species is especially vulnerable
to disease because of its homogeneity
C. the homogeneity of the cheetah species
makes it especially vulnerable to disease
D. homogeneity makes members of the
cheetah species especially vulnerable to
disease
E. members of the cheetah species are
especially vulnerable to disease because of
their homogeneity
ADVSC130 The Environmental Protection Agency’s "saying that …" refers to EPA's
proposal to place restrictions on both diesel proposal. It should have referred
fuel and diesel engines has sparked a to the oil industry
counterattack by the oil industry, saying that
the move will exacerbate the nation’s fuel
supply problems.
A. on both diesel fuel and diesel engines has
sparked a counterattack by the oil industry,
saying
B. on both diesel fuel and engines have
sparked the oil industry to counterattack, and
they say
C. on both diesel fuel and diesel engines has
sparked a counterattack by the oil industry,
which says
D. both on diesel fuel and engines has sparked
the oil industry to a counterattack, saying
E. both on diesel fuel and diesel engines have
sparked the oil industry to counterattack, and it
says

ADVSC131 The Acoma and Hopi are probably the two Correct Answer. 'both dating….'
oldest surviving Pueblo communities, both correctly modifies 'The Acoma and
dating back at least a thousand years. Hopi'.
A. both dating
B. both of which have dated
C. and each has dated
D. and each one dating
E. each one of which date
ADVSC132 Neither First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt nor "what" is very specific. For
Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins sought example - "What I found on the
recognition by the press, and both cautiously table" implies everything that I
allowed others of the Roosevelt brain trust to found on the table. "something I
take credit for the genesis of historic programs found on the table" implies some
in public employment, relief, and social security of the things, not everything.
that were in large measure what they had been "what they had been responsible
responsible for. for" implies that they were
A. to take credit for the genesis of historic responsible only for those. they
programs in public employment, relief, and were not responsible for anything
social security that were in large measure what else.
they had been responsible for
B. to take credit for the genesis of historic
programs in public employment, relief, and
social security for which the two women were
in large measure responsible
ADVSC133 C. taking
Unlike thecredit
manyfor the genesis
winter greens of historic
that have tough "those" does not have an
programs
leaves andinthus public employment,
require a lengthyrelief,
cookingandtime, antecedent. We need to compare
social of
those security
escarole for need
whichlittle
the or twonowomen
cooking.were winter greens to escarole.
in large
A. manymeasure
winter greensresponsible
that have tough leaves
D. taking
and credit for
thus require the genesis
a lengthy of historic
cooking time, those
programs
of escaroleinneed public employment, relief, and
social
B. many security
winterthat were
greens in large
that have measure what
tough leaves
theythus
and wererequire
responsible for cooking time,
a lengthy
E. taking needs
escarole credit for the genesis of historic
ADVSC134 programs
C. tough
After severalin public
leaves years employment,
of many
of winter
rapid growth,relief,
greens and
theand that "while" is used to indicate contrast
health
social
they security
require which
for a were
lengthy
care company became one of the largest largely
cooking their
time, between things that happen at the
responsibility
escarole
health needs
care providers in the metropolitan area, same time.
D. tough
while leaves
it then of many
proved winter
unable greensthe
to handle and the
requirement
increase that theyfalling
in business, have months
a lengthy cooking
behind in
time, those of
its payment to escarole
doctors and needhospitals.
E. lengthy
A. while it cooking
then provedtimeunable
required toby the many
handle the
winter greens
increase with tough
in business, fallingleaves,
months escarole
behind in
needs
its payment to
B. while it then proved unable to handle the
increase in business and fell months behind in
its payment to
C. but then it proved unable to handle the
increase in business, falling months behind in
its paying
D. but then proving unable to handle the
ADVSC135 Under
increase high pressure and
in business, intense
falling months heat,
behind in Changes and remaining are not
graphite,
paying the most stable form of pure carbon, parallel. 'Whether or not' is
changes
E. but then intoproved
the substance
unable tocommonly
handle thereferred redundant. We need to use "that"
to as diamond
increase and remaining
in business, this way
falling months whether
behind in to refer to objects away from us,
or not the heat and pressure are removed.
paying not "this".
A. remaining this way whether or not
B. remaining like that even as
C. remaining as such whether or not
D. remains in this way although
E. remains thus even when
ADVSC136 The global-warming effect of ocean white caps The verb 'is' should be used
are one of the many aspects of the ocean instead of 'are' because effect is
environment that are not yet incorporated in singular.' To predict' is the right
any detail into the computer models used for usage, not 'for predicting'.
predicting how rising greenhouse gas
concentrations could affect climate.
A. The global-warming effect of ocean white
caps are one of the many aspects of the ocean
environment that are not yet incorporated in
any detail into the computer models used for
predicting
B. The effect on global warming of ocean white
caps are one of the many aspects of the ocean
environment not yet incorporated in any detail
ADVSC137 into
Tom computer
Bradley wasmodels,
mayorwhich
of Losthey use to
Angeles from The past perfect 'had transformed'
predict
1973 to 1993, an era when the city had is incorrect as we are referring to a
C. The effect from
transformed of ocean white caps
a collection on global
of suburban specific time period. Use simple
warming is one to
neighborhoods of the
the second-largest
many aspects ofcity thein the past.
ocean
Unitedenvironment
States. that are not yet
incorporated in any detail
A. an era when the city had into the computer
transformed
models
B. an eraused to predict
during which the city was
D. That ocean white caps have an effect on
transformed
global
C. an erawarming is one of the
that transformed it many aspects of
ADVSC138 the
D. during which era the city yet
The ocean
resultsenvironment
of the not
company’s having been
cost-cutting
transformed The pronoun 'they' should be used
incorporated
measures
E. arein
during which any
evidentdetail
itsinto
in was
the city the computer
profits, which
transformed in place of 'it' to refer to plural
models that
increased are
five used for
percent predicting
during the first three 'profits'.
E. That ocean
months of thiswhite caps it
year after have
fell an
overeffect on two
the last
global warming is one of the many aspects of
years.
thewhich
A. oceanincreased
environment not yet being
five percent during the first
incorporated
three monthsinofany
thisdetail into computer
year after it fell
models,
B. whichwhich they usefive
had increased to predict
percent during the
first three months of this year after it had fallen
C. which have increased five percent during the
first three months of this year after falling
D. with a five percent increase during the first
three months of this year after falling
E. with a five percent increase during the first
three months of this year after having fallen

ADVSC139 Part of the proposed increase in state The number of' is singular. Hence,
education spending is due to higher the verb 'has' should be used
enrollment, since the number of students in instead of 'have'. Similarly, the
public schools have grown steadily since the usage of "are" is incorrect.
mid- 1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, are at a
record high.
A. enrollment, since the number of students in
public schools have grown steadily since the
mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, are at
B. enrollment, with a number of students in
public schools growing steadily since the mid-
1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, reaching
C. enrollment: since students in public schools
have grown steadily in number since the mid-
1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, have reached
D. enrollment: the number of students in
public schools has grown steadily since the
mid-
1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, has reached
E. enrollment: students in public schools have
grown steadily in number since the mid- 1980’s
and, at nearly 47million, are at
ADVSC140 Vivien Thomas, who had no formal medical If we remove the modifiers the
training, in struggling against overwhelming sentence reduces to Vivian
odds, he became a cardiac surgeon and Thomas, he became. This is
eventually to receive an honorary doctorate incorrect as the 'he' is redundant.
from Johns Hopkins University. The sentece basically reads -
A. who had no formal medical training, in "Vivien Thomas in struggling
struggling against over whelming odds, he against overwhelming odds". The
became preposition "in" does not make
B. having had no formal medical training, in sense as Vivien Thomas was not
struggling against overwhelming odds to part of "struggling ...".
become
C. who, having no formal medical training, he
struggled against overwhelming odds in
becoming
D. who, having had no formal medical training
and struggled against overwhelming odds,
became
ADVSC141 The
E. whoyield ofno
had natural
formal gasmedical
from Norway’s
training, Troll gas "such an extraction rate" refers to
field is expected
struggled againstto increase annually
overwhelming odds until
to the "six billion cu.ft/day" - an
year
become 2005 and then to stabilize at six billion extraction rate. So, this option
cubic feet a day, which will allow such an reads "six billion cu.ft/day allows
extraction rate at least for 50 years’ production six billion cu.ft/day for at least 50
A. 2005 and then to stabilize at six billion cubic years" - Illogical.
feet a day, which will allow such an extraction
rate at least for
B. 2005 and then to stabilize at six billion cubic
feet a day, an extraction rate that will allow at
least
C. 2005 and then stabilizing at six billion cubic
feet a day, with such an extraction rate at the
least allowing
D. 2005, then stabilizing at six billion cubic feet
a day, allowing such an extraction rate for at
least
E. 2005, then stabilizing at six billion cubic feet
ADVSC142 aNobody
day, which
knowswillexactly
allow such an extraction
how many languagesrate CORRECT ANSWER
for at least
there are in the world, partly because of the
difficulty of distinguishing between a language
and the sub-languages or dialects within it, but
those who have tried to count typically have
found about five thousand.
A. and the sub-languages or dialects within it,
but those who have tried to count typically
have found
B. and the sub-languages or dialects within
them, with those who have tried counting
typically finding
C. and the sub-languages or dialects within it,
but those who have tried counting it typically
find
D. or the sub-languages or dialects within
them, but those who tried to count them
typically found
E. or the sub-languages or dialects within
them, with those who have tried to count
typically finding
ADVSC143 Discussion of greenhouse effects has usually CORRECT ANSWER. Events are
focused on whether the Earth would warm and described in chronological order.
by how much, but climatologists have indicated Sentence is clear and concise
all along that the most obvious effects, and
those that would have the largest impact on
people, would be extremes of temperature,
precipitation, and storminess.
A. the most obvious effects, and those that
would have the largest impact on people,
would be extremes of temperature,
precipitation, and storminess
B. the effects that are the most obvious ones,
extremes of temperature, precipitation, and
storminess, would be those impacting the most
on people
C. those effects to have the largest impact on
people, extremes of temperature,
precipitation, and storminess, are what are the
most obvious effects
ADVSC144 The IndustrialofRevolution,
D. extremes temperature, making it possible
precipitation, to The pronoun 'their' has no
and
mass-produce
storminess, the most obvious effects, that they antecendent. Also, "their" is
manufactured goods, was
marked by their
would have use of new
the largest machines,
impact on people new redundant as removing it does not
energy sources,
E. extremes and new basic
of temperature, materials. and alter the meaning.
precipitation,
A. making it which
storminess, possiblearetothe
mass-produce
most obvious effects,
manufactured goods, was
are those to impact the most marked by their use
on people
of
B. making possible the mass production of
manufactured goods, marked by the use of
C. which made it possible that manufactured
goods were mass-produced, was marked by
their using
D. which made possible the mass production of
manufactured goods, was marked by the use of
ADVSC145 Japan’s
E. whichabundant
made therainfall and the typically
mass production of mild The pronoun 'they' should be used
ADVSC146 temperature
California, athroughout
manufactured
In goods mostvariation
lack ofpossible
genetic of the
and wascountry
in the in
marked place
"due to"of 'it' totorefer
refers to rainfall
"ants".
by using
Argentine ant has allowed the species to Incorrect usage. " "consider all
spread widely; due to their being so their fellows to be a close relative"
genetically similar to one another, the ants - Absurd. It implies that they
consider all their fellows to be a close relative consider all other ants to be one
and thus do not engage in the kind of fierce relative.
inter-colony struggles that limits the spread of
this species in its native Argentina.
A. due to their being so
genetically similar to one another, the ants
consider all their fellows to be a close relative
and thus do not engage in the kind of fierce
inter-colony struggles that
limits
B. due to its being so genetically similar the ant
considers all its fellows to be a close relative
and thus does not engage in the kind of fierce
inter-colony struggles that limit
C. because it is so genetically similar, the ant
considers all its fellows to be close relatives and
thus does not engage in the kind of fierce inter-
colony struggles that limits
D. because they are so genetically similar to
one another, the ants consider all their fellows
to be close relatives and thus do not engage in
the kind of fierce inter-colony struggles that
limit
E. because of being so genetically similar to
one another, the ants consider all their fellows
to be a close relative and thus do not engage in
the kind of fierce inter-colony struggles that
ADVSC147 Recent findings lend strong support to the 1.Correct Answer Core sentence
theory that a black hole lies at the center of doesn't have any issue
the Milky Way and of many of the 100 billion 2.Maintains parallelism
other galaxies estimated to exist in the
universe. A.
that a black hole lies at the center of the Milky
Way and of
B. that a black hole lies at the Milky Way’s
center and
C. that there is a black hole lying at the Milky
Way’s center and
ADVSC148 A Harvard anthropologist has Milky
proposed that Incorrect usage of 'like' to provide
D. of a black hole lying at the Way’s
using fire to cook food could be dated back to examples. 'Such as' should be
center and
almost two million years and that it could
of the used. "a large brain and small
E. of a black hole features
that lies like
at the center
explain hominid having a large teeth" ARE the features of
Milky Waysmall
and of
brain and teeth. hominids. "having them" is not a
A. using fire to cook food could be dated back feature.
to almost two million years and that it could
explain hominid features like having
B. the use of fire to cook food could date back
almost two million years and could explain
such hominid features as
C. cooking food with fire could date back to
ADVSC149 almost twoto
In contrast million years, explaining
environmentalists’ hominid
proposals to proposals' is incorrectly compared
features like
limit emissions of certain pollutants, the with 'administration'.
D. fire used to cook
administration food could
proposed callingdate
for back
mandatory
almost two million
restrictions of only years, explaining
three such hominid
pollutants from
features such as having
power plants-mercury, sulfur dioxide, and
E. fire used
nitrogen for cooking
oxides-and thefood
plancould
wouldbedelay
dated such
back to almost two
cuts until 2010 or later. million years and explain
hominid features like
A. administration proposed calling for
mandatory restriction of
B. administration proposed a call for
mandatory restrictions, including those for
C. administration, proposing mandatory
restrictions on
D. administration’s proposal was a call for
ADVSC150 "with their objectives being to
mandatory restrictions, which include protect" - Note that states impose
E. administration’s proposal would call for limitations with an objective.
mandatory restrictions on There is no need to say "their"
objective as it is implied. "to
protect taxpayers and the credit
Most states impose limitations on the authority …" is singular and hence one
of the legislature to borrow money, with their objective. Hence, plural
objectives being to protect taxpayers and the "objectives" is incorrect.
credit of the state government.
A. to borrow money, with their objectives being
to protect
B. to borrow money, the objectives of which
are the protecting of
C. to borrow money, limitations intended to
protect
D. for borrowing money, of which the objective
is protecting
E. for borrowing money, limitations with the
intent of protecting
 The army cutworm moth is a critical source of
fat for many of Yellowstone National Park’s
grizzly bears; they overturn rocks to find them
ADVSC151 and consuming as many as 40,000 apiece in a Overturn' and 'consuming' are not
single day. parallel. 'Them' cannot refer to the
A. bears; they overturn rocks to find them and 'moth' as it is singular
consuming as many as
B. bears; overturning rocks to find the insects,
consuming up to
C. bears, overturning rocks to find them and
they consume as many as
D. bears, and they overturn rocks to find them
and consume up to
E. bears, which overturn rocks to find the
insects, consuming as many as
ADVSC152 New items developed for automobiles in the appear' and 'making' are not
1997 model year included a safer air bag, parallel.
which, unlike previous air bags, eliminated the
possibility that a burst of smoke would appear
when the bag inflated, and making an already
terrified passenger think the car was on fire.
A. inflated, and making
B. inflated, so that it could make
C. inflated and made
D. inflated and make
E. inflated to make
ADVSC153 Though the law will require emissions testing The meaning of this sentence is
of all diesel vehicles, from tractor trailers to distorted because of the comma
excursion buses, it will have no effect on sport before the "and". It makes the
utility vehicles, almost all of which are gasoline clause after "and" parallel to the
powered, and will not be subjected to main clause "it will have no effect
emissions control standards as stringent as on ..." It staes that the law will not
they are for diesel-powered vehicles. be subjected to emissions. "as
A. powered, and will not be subjected to stringent as" requires parallelism.
emissions-control standards as stringent as We need to compare emissions to
they are for emissions. However, this
B. powered, and therefore not subjected to compares "emissions" to a clause -
emissions-control standards that are as "they are for diesel-powered-
stringent as those of vehicles".
C. powered and therefore not subject to
emissions-control standards as stringent as
those for
D. powered, which are not subject to
emissions-control standards as stringent as
they are for
E. powered and therefore they are not subject
ADVSC154 Doctors hope that one
to emissions-control day the body’s
standards master
as stringent as directed' , 'use' and 'study' are not
cells,
thosecalled
of stem cells, can be directed to grow parallel.
in organs or tissues appropriate for transplant,
use them to test drugs and potentially toxic
chemicals, and may study them to gain insight
into basic human biology.
A. transplant, use them to test drugs and
potentially toxic chemicals, and may study
them
B. transplant, using them to test drugs and
potentially toxic chemicals, and studied
C. transplant, used to test drugs and potentially
toxic chemicals, and studied
D. a transplant, use them for testing drugs and
potentially toxic chemicals, and for studying
E. a transplant, used to test drugs and
potentially toxic chemicals, and may study
them
 Navigators have known for thousands of years
that the ocean has variable currents, but it is
ADVSC155 only in the last half century that a reasonably CORRECT ANSWER. 'Patterns' and
clear picture has emerged of the patterns and 'causes' are parallel.
causes of ocean currents.
A. a reasonably clear picture has emerged of
the patterns and causes of ocean currents
B. a reasonably clear picture of the patterns of
ocean currents and their causes have emerged
C. a reasonably clear picture emerged of ocean
currents, their patterns and the causes of them
D. there have emerged a reasonably clear
picture of the patterns of ocean currents and
what caused them
E. there had emerged a reasonably clear
picture of the patterns of ocean currents and
their causes
ADVSC156 Deliberately imitating the technique of Louis "deliberately imitating …" and
Armstrong, jazz singer Billie Holiday’s "jazz singer" should have modified
approach to singing was to use her voice like "Billie Holiday", not his approach.
an instrument, in that she ranged freely over
the beat, flattened out the melodic contours of
tunes, and, in effect, recomposed songs to suit
her range, style, and artistic sensibilities.
A. Billie Holiday’s approach to singing was to
use her voice like an instrument, in that she
ranged freely over the beat, flattened
B.
TheBillie Holiday’s
particular approach
design to singing
of muscles was toin
and bones
use her voice in a similar way to how
the neck and limbs of the turtle allow that it other
musicians
can draw in play
its instruments,
exposed parts insuch
ranging
thatfreely
an
ADVSC157 over the can
attacker beat, findflattening
nothing but hard shell to bite. Singlular 'design' should be
C.
A. Billie
allowHoliday
that it can approached
draw in itssinging by using
exposed parts referenced by singular 'allows' not
her voice
such that like other musicians played plural 'allow'. "allow that" is
instruments, ranging
B. allow it to draw freely
in its over the
exposed beat,
parts, and so unidiomatic. Plain "such that" is
flattening
C. allows for it to draw in its exposed parts and also unidiomatic. We need to say
D. Billie Holiday used her voice in the same way
that "such + adjective + that".
that otherthat
D. allows musicians use their
it can draw in itsinstruments,
exposed parts,in
that
and soshe ranged freely over the beat, flattening
E.
E. Billie
allowsHoliday
it to draw approached singing
in its exposed by using
parts, so that
her voice like other musicians
instruments,ranging freely over the beat,
ADVSC158 The relative prosperity of the first years of the
flattening It' doesn't have clear antecedent.
twentieth century came to a halt in 1907 when "when drains on money supply it
drains on the money supply, revealing a weak precipitated …" is a sentence
national financial infrastructure of banking fragment.
and credit, it precipitated an economic crisis
that lasted nearly a year.
A. supply, revealing a weak national financial
infrastructure of banking and credit, it
precipitated
B. supply, revealing a weak national financial
infrastructure of banking and credit, they
precipitated
C. supply both revealed a weak national
financial infrastructure of banking and credit
and precipitating
D. supply revealed both a weak national
financial infrastructure of banking and credit
and precipitating
E. supply revealed a weak national
infrastructure of banking and credit and
precipitated
ADVSC159 The reasons for yesterday’s sharp rise in the The singlular pronoun 'that' has no
stock market were much the same as that antecedent as 'reasons' is plural.
behind last week’s rally: a surge in the
economy to a 5.6 percent annual growth rate
and improved corporate earnings balanced by
the lack of signs of inflationary pressure.
A. That
B. those
C. what was
D. for that
E. they were
ADVSC160 The most vexing problem faced by researchers "so" is used to indicate an effect.
exploring wind-powered generation of "the flow does not overload" is
electricity is achieving a constant flow of not an effect of "achieving a
power from an unpredictable natural source constant flow of power". "but"
that meets demand, but so the flow does not indicates a contrast. "achieving a
overload electrical grids with sudden voltage constant flow" and "flow does not
increases. overload" are similar, not
A. achieving a constant flow of power from an contrasting ideas.
unpredictable natural source that meets
demand, but so the flow does not overload
B. achieving a constant flow of power from an
unpredictable natural source, which meets
demand but without overloading
C. how to achieve a constant flow of power
ADVSC161 In 1981
from an children in the natural
unpredictable United States
source,spent
a flowan "they had spent nearly six hours a
average of slightly less than two
that meets demand but does not overload and a half week" spent doing what? Not
hours
D. howa to week doinga household
achieve constant flow chores; by 1997
of power clear.
they
from had spent nearly six
an unpredictable hourssource,
natural a week.but a
A. chores;
flow by 1997
that meets they had
demand spentoverloading
without nearly six
hours a week
E. how a constant flow of power from an
B. chores; by 1997
unpredictable thatsource
natural figurecan
hadbegrown to
achieved,
nearly six hours
which meets a weekbut does not overload
demand
C. chores, whereas nearly six hours a week
were spent in 1997
D. chores, compared with a figure of nearly six
ADVSC162 Trans
hours World
a weekEntertainment
in 1997 Corporation, which "sales of one-fourth of its stores
owns the Record Town and
E. chores, that figure growing Saturday Matinee
to nearly six are poor" implies that this is still
retail chains, announced
hours a week in 1997 that since sales of up true and "they will be closed"
to one-fourth of its stores are poor, they will implies that the action has not yet
be closed. taken place. We need the tenses
A. that since sales of up to one-fourth of its "was" and "would". "sales of up to
stores are poor, they will be closed 1/4th of its stores" is absurd as we
B. it is closing up to one-fourth of its stores, can definitely say whether a store
which accounted for its poor sales is performing well or not. The
C. it was closing up to one fourth of its stores indefinite "up to" does not make
because of poor sales any sense. "sales of up to 1/4th of
D. to be closing, on account of poor sales, up to its stores" implies that 1/4th of its
one-fourth of its stores stores are on sale.
E. having poor sales, such that up to one-fourth
of its stores will be closed
ADVSC163 According to United States census data, while The sentence is essentially
there was about one-third of mothers with meaningless. "there was one third
young children working outside the home in of mothers with young children +
1975, in 2000, almost two-thirds of those Modifier". If we rewrite this we
mothers were employed outside the home. get - "one third of mothers with
A. while there was about one-third of mothers young children were there". Also,
with young children working outside the home singular 'was' cannot refer to
in 1975, in 2000, almost two-thirds of those plural 'one-third of mothers'.
mothers were employed outside the home 'Those' in the second part of the
B. there were about one-third of mothers with sentence incorrectly refer to
young children who worked outside the home mothers in 1975. This distorts the
in 1975; in 2000, almost two-thirds of those meaning of the sentence.
mothers were employed outside the home Furthermore, "working outside
C. in 1975 about one-third of mothers with home in 1975" refers to "young
young children worked outside the home; in children".
2000,almost two-thirds of such mothers were
employed outside the home
D. even though in 1975 there were about one-
third of mothers with young children who
worked outside the home, almost two-thirds of
such mothers were employed outside the
home in 2000
E. with about one-third of mothers with young
children working outside the home in
ADVSC164 1975,almost
Traffic safety two-thirds of such
officials predict mothers
that drivers were
will be "equally likely as" is unidiomatic.
employed outside
equally likely the home
to exceed in 2000 speed
the proposed
limit as the current one.
A. equally likely to exceed the proposed speed
limit as
B. equally likely to exceed the proposed speed
limit as they are
C. equally likely that they will exceed the
proposed speed limit as
ADVSC165 Sound can that
D. as likely travelthey
through water for
will exceed theenormous
proposed Prevented' refers to immediate
distances,
speed limitprevented
as from dissipating its preceding Noun which is
acoustic energy
E. as likely as a result
to exceed of boundaries
the proposed in the 'Distances'. Also, "as a result of"
speed limit
ocean
as theycreated
are by water layers of different implies indirect causation. i.e. the
temperatures and densities. boundaries are not directly
A. prevented from dissipating its acoustic responsible for preventing
energy as a result of dissipation. Not the intended
B. prevented from having its acoustic energy meaning.
dissipated by
C. its acoustic energy prevented from
dissipating by
D. its acoustic energy prevented from being
dissipated as a result of
E. preventing its acoustic energy from
ADVSC166 The computer
dissipating by company’s present troubles are So that' is used to specify intent.
a result of technological stagnation, marketing "troubles" were not intended to
missteps, and managerial blunders so that create "several attempts to revise
several attempts to revise corporate strategies corporate strategies". "it" does
have failed to correct it. not have an antecedent
A. so that several attempts to revise corporate
strategies have failed to correct it
B. so that several attempts at revising corporate
strategies have failed to correct
C. in that several attempts at revising corporate
strategies have failed to correct them
D. that several attempts to revise corporate
strategies have failed to correct
E. that several attempts at revising corporate
strategies have failed to correct them
ADVSC167 Providing initial evidence that airports are a Note that "which is being" is
larger source of pollution than they were once redundant. Removing it does not
believed to be, environmentalists in Chicago affect the meaning of the
report that the total amount of pollutant sentence. "twice as much as
emitted annually by vehicles at O’Hare amount Y" is inferior to "twice the
International Airport is twice as much as that amount Y".
which is being emitted annually by all motor
vehicles in the Chicago metropolitan area.
A. as much as that which is being emitted
annually by all
B. as much annually as is emitted by the
C. as much compared to what is annually
emitted by all
D. that emitted annually by all
E. that emitted annually compared to the

ADVSC168 The quality of early pieces of blown glass Singlular 'quality' needs singular
excavated in Italy and Western Europe by far 'suprasses' and singular 'that'.
surpass those of pieces from the eastern "when regarded" implies that it
Mediterranean, when regarded not only in surpasses the quality of other
terms of the variety of shapes pieces ONLY WHEN it is regarded
represented, but also in terms of decorative in terms of variety of shapes
techniques and functionality. represented, NOT AT OTHER
A. by far surpass those of pieces from the TIMES.
eastern Mediterranean, when regarded not
only in terms of
B. surpasses by far those from the eastern
Mediterranean, with regard not only to
C. far surpass that of pieces from the eastern
ADVSC169 The Near Earth Asteroid
Mediterranean, not onlyRendezvous
regarding (NEAR) Correct Answer. Uses simple
spacecraft will orbit
D. far surpasses thatthe asteroid
of the Eros for a year, future 'will enable'. No ambiguity.
eastern
slowly moving closer
Mediterranean, to the surface
with regard of the
to not only
object to make ever more precise
E. far surpasses that of pieces from the eastern
measurements
Mediterranean,that scientists
not only hope will
with regard to enable
them to understand how the solar system
formed some four billion years ago.
A. to make ever more precise measurements
that scientists hope will enable them to
B. to make ever more and more precise
measurements, which scientists are hoping to
enable them
C. for making ever more precise
measurements, and scientists hope that they
will be able to
D. with the purpose of making more precise
measurements than ever, and which scientists
hope will enable them to
E. in order to make more precise
measurements than it ever did, and scientists
are hoping they will be able to
ADVSC170 Scientists claim that the discovery of the first "clues of determining" is
authenticated mammal bones in amber could unidiomatic. "in addition to how"
provide important clues of determining, in seems to refer to the previous
addition to how, when mammals colonized clause "could provide important
the islands of the West Indies. clues …". Also, note that "how"
A. of determining, in addition to how, when should be accorded the same
mammals colonized the islands of the West importance as "when". Using an
Indies additive phrase "in addition to"
B. in the determination of how and when the lowers its priority.
islands of the West Indies were colonized by
mammals
C. to determine how mammals colonized the
islands of the West Indies and when they did
D. for determining when the islands of the
ADVSC171 In
WesttheIndies
Louisiana
werePurchase
colonizedofby1803, the United
mammals and "which" refers to "four cents an
States acquired
how they were 828,000 square miles for acre". "that" cannot refer to an
about four cents an acre, which
E. for determining how and when mammals more than entire clause. "in the Louisiana
doubled
colonizedthe thecountry’s
islands ofsize
theand
Westthat brought its purchase" implies that US was in
Indies
western border within reach of the Pacific the purchase.
Ocean.
A. In the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, the
United States acquired 828,000 square miles
for about four cents an acre, which more than
doubled the country’s size and that brought
B. For about four cents an acre the United
States acquired, in the Louisiana Purchase of
1803, 828,000 square miles, more than
doubling the country’s size and it brought
ADVSC172 In
C. an
Withattempt to attract
the Louisiana more tourists,
Purchase in 1803,the
the The participial modifier 'having'
Swiss
Unitedgovernment
States acquiredcommissioned several
828,000 square life- incorrectly modifies "the Swiss
miles
size fiberglass
for about four cow
centsstatues,
an acre,having them
more than Government".
decorated
doubling itsbysizelocal
andartists,
bringingand set them up on
the streets
D. The Unitedof Zurich.
States, in the Louisiana Purchase
A.
of the
1803,Swiss government
for about commissioned
four cents several
an acre, acquired
life-size
828,000fiberglass cow more
square miles, statues,
thanhaving themthe
doubling
decorated
country’s size,by local artists, and
bringing
B. the Swiss government
E. Acquiring 828,000 square commissioned
miles in theseveral
life-size
Louisiana fiberglass
Purchasecow statues,
of 1803, thethey were
United States
decorated
bought it for byabout
local artists, and an
four cents then
acre, more
C.
thanthedoubling
Swiss government
the country’scommissioned several
size and bringing
life-size fiberglass cow statues, had them
decorated by local artists, and
D. several life-size fiberglass cow statues were
commissioned by the Swiss government,
decorated by local artists, and then
E. several life-size fiberglass cow statues,
commissioned by the Swiss government, were
decorated by local artists, and they
ADVSC173 Over the next few years, increasing demands Would rob' and 'to make' are not
on the Chattahoochee River, which flows into parallel. 'which' incorrectly refers
the Apalachicola River, could alter the saline to Apalachicola Bay. We need the
content of Apalachicola Bay, which would rob future tense "will" to talk about
the oysters there of their flavor, and to make predictions about the future.
them decrease in size, less distinctive, and less "would" is incorrect. "decrease in
in demand. size" is not parallel to "less
A. which would rob the oysters there of their distinctive" and "less in demand".
flavor, and to make them decrease in size The last two are adjectives. The
B. and it would rob the oysters there of their first seems to be an action noun.
flavor, make them smaller
C. and rob the oysters there of their flavor,
making them decrease in size
D. robbing the oysters there of their flavor and
making them smaller
E. robbing the oysters there of their flavor, and
making them decrease in size

ADVSC174 In the 1820’s, anthracite coalfields opened in "substantial supplies of coal" is

eastern Pennsylvania, and when canals and plural. "there were substantial
eventually railroads reached into the region, supplies of coal that were
there were substantial supplies of coal that exported" is essentially a
was exported to the nation’s growing mills, meaningless sentence. It implies
forges, factories, and railways. that "substantial supplies of coal
A. when canals and eventually railroads that were exported were there" -
reached into the region, there were substantial There where? Moreover this is not
supplies of coal that was the intended meaning. Intended
B. once canals and eventually railroads meaning is "substantial supplies of
reaching into the region, there were substantial coal were exported".
supplies of coal having been
C. with canals and eventually railroads reaching
into the region, there had been substantial
supplies of coal
D. canals and eventually railroads reached into
the region, with substantial supplies of coal
being
E. as canals and eventually railroads reached
into the region, substantial supplies of coal
were
ADVSC175 According to entomologists, single locusts are Correct Answer.
quiet creatures, but when locusts are placed
with others of their species, they become
excited, change color, vibrate, and even hum.
A. when locusts are placed with others of their
species,
B. when placing them with others of their
species, then
C. locusts, when placed with others of their
species,
D. placing them with others of their species,
E. placed with others of their species, then

ADVSC176 Until the passage of the Piracy and "unlikely in pursuing" is

Counterfeiting Amendments Act in 1982, a first unidiomatic. "being" is redundant
time charge of copyright infringement was as removing it does not change
merely a misdemeanor charge, federal the meaning. "federal prosecutors
prosecutors being unlikely in pursuing criminal unlikely in …" is an absolute
copyright infringers, while offenders were modifier (formed by removing the
subject to relatively small penalties. verb "were"). This modifier does
A. charge, federal prosecutors being unlikely in not make sense as it does not
pursuing criminal copyright infringers, while describe HOW "copyright
offenders were infringement was a mere
B. charge, with federal prosecutors who were misdemeanor charge". The usage
unlikely to pursue criminal copyright infringers, of "while" is incorrect as there is
offenders being no contrast between the clauses.
C. charge, federal prosecutors unlikely to
pursue criminal copyright infringers, while
offenders were
D. charge; therefore, federal prosecutors were
unlikely in pursuing criminal copyright
infringers and offenders being
E. charge; therefore, federal prosecutors were
unlikely to pursue criminal copyright infringers,
and offenders were
ADVSC177 After increasing steadily for centuries, the total Correct Answer.
annual catch of all wild fish peaked in 1989;
since that time, the total catch for most
species has declined or plateaued, prompting
conservation efforts designed to help prevent
population crashes and possible extinctions.
A. fish peaked in 1989; since that time, the
total catch for most species has declined or
plateaued, prompting
B. fish peaked in 1989, but with the total catch
since then declining or plateauing in the case
of most species, prompting
C. fish had peaked in 1989; since that time, the
decline or plateau of the total catch for most
species, which prompted
D. fish, which peaked in 1989, and, in the case
of most species, it has declined or plateaued
since, prompted
E. fish, which peaked in 1989 but has since
ADVSC178 declined
During theoreighteenth
plateaued for most widespread
century, species, and Sentence fragment. "introduction
this prompted
changes in agriculture, known as the agrarian of enclosed fields, of new farming
revolution, involving the large-scale techniques and crops, and the
introduction of enclosed fields, of new substitution" are not parallel.
farming techniques and crops, and the
substitution of commercial for subsistence
farming.
A. revolution, involving the large-scale
introduction of enclosed fields, of new farming
techniques and crops, and
B. revolution, involved the large-scale
introduction of enclosed fields and of new
farming techniques and crops, and
C. revolution, which involved the large-scale
introduction of enclosed fields and of new
farming techniques and crops, and
D. revolution involved the large-scale
introduction of enclosed fields, new farming
techniques and crops, and of
E. revolution that involved the large-scale
introduction of enclosed fields and new
farming techniques and crops, and of
ADVSC179 Large bones' are not known to be
prehistoric animals. This distorts
Until a few centuries ago, any large bones the meaning of the sentence.
discovered in the fields or caves of Europe,
now known to be large prehistoric animals,
were usually assumed to be the remains of
giants and were often displayed as curiosities in
castles, palaces, town halls, churches, and
monasteries.
A. now known to be large prehistoric animals,
were usually assumed to be
B. presently known as from large prehistoric
animals, were usually assumed as
C. bones now known to be those of large
prehistoric animals, were usually assumed to
be
D. bones known at present as of large
prehistoric animals, were usually assumed as
those of
E. currently known as those of large prehistoric
animals, were usually assumed to be those of
ADVSC180 The principal feature of the redesigned checks Plural 'include' should be used to
is a series of printed instructions that the refer to plural 'instructions'.
company hopes will help merchants confirm a "which" incorrectly refers to
check’s authenticity, which includes reminders "check's authenticity".
to watch the endorsement, compare
signatures, and view the watermark while
holding the check to the light.
A. which includes reminders to watch the
endorsement, compare signatures, and view
B. which include reminders for watching the
endorsement, to compare signatures and view
C. by including reminders for watching the
endorsement, comparing signatures, and
viewing
D. including reminders to watch the
endorsement, comparing signatures and
viewing
E. including reminders to watch the
endorsement, compare signatures, and view
ADVSC181 In 1850 Lucretia Mott published her Discourse The sentence is illogical. Comma +
on Women, arguing in a treatise for women to -ing modifiers should describe the
have equal political and legal rights and for previous clause. This suggests that
changes in the married women’s property laws. "arguing in a treatise (seems to be
A. arguing in a treatise for women to have different from Discourse on
equal political and legal rights Women) for women …" was HOW
B. arguing in a treatise for equal political and she published her "Discourse on
legal rights for women Women". "a treatise ... for
C. a treatise that advocates women’s equal women ... and for changes" does
political and legal rights not bring out the meaning clearly.
D. a treatise advocating women’s equal political We need to say something like
and legal rights "advocating for women to have
E. a treatise that argued for equal political and equal rights and for changes".
legal rights for women

ADVSC182 In the early part of the twentieth century, "with the formalities, expenses,
many vacationers found that driving and impersonalities of hotels"
automobiles and sleeping in tents allowed does not make sense with
them to enjoy nature close at hand and tour at "sleeping in tents allowed them to
their own pace, with none of the restrictions enjoy nature close at hand".
of passenger trains and railroad timetables or
with the formalities, expenses, and
impersonality of hotels.
A. with none of the restrictions of passenger
trains and railroad timetables or with the
B. with none of the restrictions of passenger
trains, railroad timetables, nor
C. without the restrictions of passenger trains
and railroad timetables nor
D. without the restrictions of passenger trains
and railroad timetables or with the
E. without the restrictions of passenger trains
and railroad timetables or the
ADVSC183 Critical-thinking instruction is predicted on two "if recognized and applied"
assumptions: that there are clearly identifiable illogically refers to students.
thinking skills that students can be taught to
recognize and apply appropriately, and if
recognized and applied, students will become
more effective thinkers.
A. if recognized and applied, students
B. if these skills are recognized and applied,
that students
C. if students recognize and apply them, that
they
D. that if recognized and applied, students
E. that if students recognize and apply these
skills, they
ADVSC184 Because they can reproduce several times CORRECT ANSWER. 'Because' is
each year and produce large numbers of used correctly. Parallelism is
offspring, many insect species can generally maintained.
adapt quickly to changes in their environment.
A. Because they can reproduce several times
each year and produce large numbers of
offspring, many insect species
B. Because of many insect species’ ability of
reproducing several times a year, along with
producing large numbers of offspring, thus
they
C. Because they can reproduce yearly several
times, along with producing offspring in large
numbers, so many insect species
D. Due to their capability to reproduce several
times yearly and to produce large numbers of
offspring, many insect species
E. Due to their ability of reproducing several
times yearly and to produce offspring of large
numbers, many insect species

ADVSC185 According to recent studies comparing the The pronoun 'they' has no
nutritional value of meat from wild animals antecendent.
and meat from domesticated animals, wild
animals have less total fat than do livestock
fed on grain and more of a kind of fat they
think is good for cardiac health.
A. wild animals have less total fat than do
livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat
they think is
B. wild animals have less total fat than livestock
ADVSC186 In
fedhis
onexperiments
grain and more withofgravity,
a kind Isaac
of fatNewton
thought Each' is a singular,so has to be
showed
to be how the motion of each planet in the followed by Singular verb 'its'
solar
C. wildsystem
animalsresults
havefrom the combined
less total fat than that of and not 'their'. Note also that
gravitational
livestock fed on pullgrain
of the Sun
and andmore
have of allfat
theof a "each" cannot refer to "Sun and
other planets,
kind thought to be each contributing according to all other planets" because the
their mass and distance from the others.
D. total fat of wild animals is less than livestock phrase mentioned in the
A.
fedofonallgrain
the other
and theyplanets,
haveeach
morecontributing
fat of a kind question is - "of the Sun and of all
according
thought totobetheir other planets".
B. of all fat
E. total theisother
less inplanets, with each
wild animals thanofthat
them
of
contributing according to their
livestock fed on grain and more of their fat is of
C. all the
a kind theyother
thinkplanets,
is each of which
contributing according to its
D. all the other planets, each contributing
according to its
E. all the other planets, each of which
contribute according to their
ADVSC187 Biologists working in Spain say that their Correct Answer
discovery of teeming life in a highly acidic river
may not only broaden the search for life, or for
evidence of past life, on other planets but also
show that a number of forms of microscopic
life can adapt to conditions that scientists
have long thought hostile to all but the
hardiest bacteria.
A. show that a number of forms of microscopic
life can adapt to conditions that scientists have
long thought hostile to all but the hardiest
bacteria
B. may show that a number of forms of
microscopic life is capable of adapting to
conditions that scientists have long thought
hostile to all bacteria but the hardiest ones
C. shows a number of forms of microscopic life
to be capable to adapt to conditions that
scientists have long thought had been hostile
to all but the hardiest bacteria
ADVSC188 D. showinghave
Scientists thatrecently
a number of forms that
discovered of the The singular verb 'is' should be
microscopic
ultrathin, life isconstruction
layered capable of adapting to
of a butterfly’s used to refer to the singular
conditions
wings, the that
samescientists
as the one have long thought
making some subject ' construction'. We use the
had been hostile
butterflies shimmer to all
viabut
thethe hardiest bacteria
phenomenon of simple present to talk about
E. showing that
iridescence, areaenabling
number the of forms
insectofto control general truths. Hence, "are
microscopic
how life can
much heat adapt
energy to conditions
is absorbed by itsthat
wings enabling" is incorrect.
scientists
and have long
how much thoughtaway.
is reflected hostile to all
bacteria
A. wings,but
thethe
samehardiest
as the one making some
butterflies shimmer via the phenomenon of
iridescence, are enabling
B. wings, which is the same one that makes
some butterflies shimmer via the phenomenon
of iridescence, that also enables
C. wings is the same as the one that makes
some butterflies shimmer via the phenomenon
of iridescence, enabling
D. wings—the same construction that makes
some butterflies shimmer via the phenomenon
of iridescence—also enables
E. wings—of the same construction that makes
some butterflies shimmer via the phenomenon
of iridescence—also enable
ADVSC189 Gas hydrates, chemical compounds of water The modifier "possibly causing …"
and natural gas, are increasingly being studied has no bearing on HOW they are
for their potential to be huge reservoirs of being studied for their potential as
energy, possibly causing sea floor instability, huge reservoirs of energy.
and significant contributors to global warming.
A. to be huge reservoirs of energy, possibly
causing sea floor instability, and
B. to be huge reservoirs of energy, possibly
causing sea floor instability, and even as
C. as huge reservoirs of energy, possibly
causing sea floor instability, and
D. as huge reservoirs of energy, and the
possible cause of sea floor instability,
E. as huge reservoirs of energy, as possible
causes of sea floor instability, and even as
ADVSC190 The artist Renoir’s last word was “flowers,” They' doesn't have clear
spoken as they arranged a bouquet of roses antecedent.
just picked from his garden in a vase on his
bedroom windowsill.
A. as they arranged a bouquet of roses just
picked from his garden
B. as a bouquet of roses had been just picked
from his garden and was being arranged
C. as a bouquet of roses just picked from his
garden was being arranged
D. during the arrangement of a bouquet of
roses just picked from his garden
E. while they arranged a bouquet of roses that
had just been picked from his garden

ADVSC191 Caribou are wary animals with excellent Singular 'it' cannot refer to
hearing, so stalking them over the treeless 'caribou'. The non-underlined
landscape, getting close enough to kill it with portion says "caribou are".
nothing but a handheld lance, as Dorset people "stalking them …" and "getting
did, required exceptional hunting skill. close enough to …" should be
A. so stalking them over the treeless landscape, connected by an "and".
getting close enough to kill it
B. so to stalk them over the treeless landscape
and get close enough to kill one
C. so in order to stalk them over the treeless
landscape and get close enough to kill one
D. and so in order
to stalk it over the treeless landscape, getting
close enough to kill it
E. and so stalking them over the treeless
landscape and getting close enough in order to
kill it
ADVSC192 Like ants, termites have an elaborate social We do not use present continuous
structure in which a few individuals reproduce to talk about general truths.
and the rest are serving the colony by tending 'tending', 'gathering', 'building'
juveniles, gathering food, building the nest, or and 'they battle' are not parallel.
they battle intruders.
A. are serving the colony by tending juveniles,
gathering food, building the nest, or they battle
B. are serving the colony in that they tend
juveniles, gather food, build the nest, or battle
C. serve the colony, tending juveniles, gathering
ADVSC193 food, building
The three the nest,
women, oractivists
liberal by battling
who strongly "unqualifying" is not a word.
D. serve legislation
support the colony inbyfavor
tending juveniles,
of civil rights and
gathering food,protection,
environmental by buildinghave
the nest, or by
consistently
battling
received labor’s unqualifying support.
E.
A. serve the colony by
have consistently tendinglabor’s
received juveniles,
gathering food,
unqualifying building the nest, or battling
support
B. are consistently receiving the unqualifying
support of labor
C. have consistently received the unqualified
support of labor
D. receive consistent and unqualified support
by labor
E. are receiving consistent and unqualified
support by labor
ADVSC194 By the same techniques used for genetically The modifier "by the same
enhancing plants, making them disease or techniques …" does not make
pestresistant, sense. It suggests that
researchers have been able to increase the "researchers have been able to
amount of protein in potatoes, sweet potatoes, increase the amount of protein by
and tobacco. the same techniques …" -
A. By the same techniques used for genetically Incorrect. We need to say "by
enhancing plants, making them using the same techniques.
B. With the same techniques to genetically
enhance plants, so that they are C. Employing
the same techniques used to genetically
enhance plants so that they are
D. Employing the same techniques to
genetically enhance plants, which makes them
E. Employing the same techniques for
genetically enhancing plants that make them

Researchers have announced that the

magnetic fields emitted by one manufacturer’s
security
ADVSC195 surveillance system, of which type there are Correct. Proper usage of modifers.
200,000 worldwide, can interfere with
pacemakers and
that this interaction can bring on missed or
irregular heartbeats, nausea, breathlessness,
dizziness,
and even fainting.
A. of which type there are 200,000 worldwide,
can interfere with pacemakers and that
B. of which, worldwide, there are 200,000 of
that type, and which can interfere with
pacemakers, and
C. of which type there are 200,000 worldwide,
they can interfere with pacemakers and
D. 200,000 of which type exist worldwide,
interfering with pacemakers, and
E. 200,000 of that type existing worldwide and
can interfere with pacemakers, and
 treatments for heart attack patients was
extremely
important but more research was needed to
determine that balloon angioplasty preceded
with
ultrasound was or was not any better for heart
attack patients than the balloon procedure by
ADVSC196 itself.
A. more research was needed to determine
that balloon angioplasty preceded with
ultrasound
was or was not any better for heart attack
patients than
B. more research was needed for determining
whether or not balloon angioplasty preceded
by
ultrasound is any better for heart attack
patients than is
C. that more research was needed to
determine whether balloon angioplasty
preceded by "determine that" is used for
ultrasound is any better for heart attack definite things. Here, we have a
patients than choice between two things. We
D. that more research was needed to need to use "whether". "balloon
determine
In addition that balloon
to being angioplasty
China’s preceded
first administrators, angioplasty preceded with
with
in the sense that they developed a coherent ultrasound was or was not any
ultrasound was
bureaucracy for any
theirbetter
empire, for the
heart attack
first literate better for heart attack patients …"
patients
culture inthan
East Asia were the Shang, and they - Since, we are talking about
E. that more research was needed for
were general truths, we need to use the
determining
well known for that balloon
crafting angioplasty
ornate bronzepreceded
ritual simple present. Using simple past
by
vessels. suggests that the results - say,
Nikola Tesla,
ultrasound
A. the first isthe
or isinventor
literate not anyof
culture alternating
better
in East for
Asiaheart
were the balloon angioplasty was better -
current,
Shang, and they were well known for the
attack because
patients thanhe was
is excited with crafting are no longer valid.
ADVSC197 prospects
B. the firstofliterate culture in East Asia were the
harnessing
Shang, wellNiagara
known as Fallsthefor producing
crafters of electric
power,
C. the Shang, as the first literate culturethat
he predicted in the mid-1890's in East
electricity
Asia, is well known for its crafting
generated
D. the Shang at were
Niagarathewould one day
first literate powerinthe
culture
streetcars
East Asia andof London
are welland knownthe streetlights
as the craftersof of Incorrect usage of modifiers. "The
Paris.
E. the Shang were the first literate culture in Shang" is to be modifeid and not
A. Nikola
East Tesla,
Asia and theknown
well inventor forofitsalternating
crafted the the first literate culture.
ADVSC198 current, because he was excited with the
As Charles
prospects Darwin observed, natural selection
operates whenever individuals
of harnessing Niagara Falls for producing of one genetic
composition are
electric power, he better at reproducing than Individuals of one genetic
that of others.
B. The prospects of harnessing Niagara Falls to composition are compared with
A. that ofelectric
produce others power was exciting to Nikola INDIVIDUALS of another genetic
B. the otherC.
Tesla, the inventoranother
of alternating current, and composition. Hence should be
D. those
so he of another plural, "that" is wrong, and should
E.
C. that of the
Excited aboutnextthe prospects of harnessing be "those".
ADVSC199 Niagara Falls to produce electric power, Nikola
Tesla, the inventor of alternating current,
D. Nikola Tesla, the inventor of alternating
current, excited about the prospects of
harnessing
Niagara Falls for the production of electric
power and
E. The inventor of alternating current, excited "excited with" is unidiomatic. The
with the prospects of harnessing Niagara Falls sentence essentially reads -
for "Nikola Tesla, he predicted in the
producing of electric power, Nikola Tesla mid …" - Incorrect.
 Obtaining an investment-grade rating will keep
the county's future borrowing costs low,
protect its
already-tattered image, and increase its ability
to buy bond insurance.
A. Obtaining an investment-grade rating will
keep the county's future borrowing costs low,
protect
B. To obtain an investment-grade rating will
keep the county's future borrowing costs low,
and
protect
C. Having obtained an investment-grade rating
will, in keeping the county's future borrowing
costs low, protect
D. To obtain an investment-grade rating would
keep the county's future borrowing costs low,
protecting
E. Obtaining an investment-grade rating,
keeping the county's borrowing costs low,
would be
ADVSC200 protecting Parallel
Ancient hunter-gatherers developed instincts
that stigmatized selfishness, and voluntary
cooperation was encouraged as well, whether
it be within the group or also with outsiders.
A. selfishness, and voluntary cooperation was
encouraged as well, whether it be within the
group or
B. selfishness, encouraging voluntary
cooperation as well, both within the group but
C. selfishness and also encouraging voluntary
cooperation, within the group and
D. selfishness and they encouraged voluntary "stigmatized selfishness" cannot
cooperation, whether it be within the group or be parallel to a clause "voluntary
E. selfishness and encouraged voluntary cooperation was encouraged as
ADVSC201 cooperation, not only within the group but well".
 Japanese researchers are producing a series of
robots that can identify human facial
expressions, to
which they will then respond; their goal is
primarily creating a robot that will empathize
with us.
A. expressions, to which they will then
respond; their goal is primarily creating
B. expressions, then responding to them;
primarily to create
C. expressions and then respond to them; the "they" refers to two different
researchers' primary goal is to create things in the sentence. The first
D. expressions as well as giving a response to refers to "robots", the second
them; their primary goal is creation of refers to "researchers". "primarily"
E. expressions and responding to them; is an adverb and hence cannot
ADVSC202 primarily, the researchers' goal is creating refer to the noun "goal".
 Even though sub-Saharan Africa often evokes
images of drought and famine, researchers say
that
When
the area Nigeria
is theachieved
home of full moreindependence
than 2,000 in
1960,
grains, vegetables, roots, fruits, andaother
they had already established federal
political
foods
In her that
structurelater have
poems, Phyllis
consisting of three Wheatley'sbasedblending
the possibility
of solar imagery, theregions
forJudeo-Christian
feeding continent,
thought evenon
and
the three major
other parts of the world.population clusters that were
figures,
in its
A.
andhave
the the
imagespossibility for feeding the
borders.
continent, theyshe
A.even hadborrowed from
already established ancienta
classicism
federal suggesting
political her
structure range and
consisting depth
of three of
B. have the possibility of feeding the continent,
influences,
regions
eventhe based
of least
C. could feed the continent, so even
not
on the three of which
major is her
population African heritage.
clusters that
with
A. the images she borrowed from ancient "the continent, even other parts
were
D. couldin feed the continent and even of the world" - Absurd. "the
classicism
B. they alreadysuggesting
had established a federal
E. could
B. borrowingpossiblyimages from ancient classicism, continent is not the same as even
feed the continent and, in
ADVSC203 political
addition,structure
for even consisting of three regions other parts of the world
suggests
that was
C. she on
based borrowed
the three images
majorfrom ancientclusters
population
classicism,
inside which suggests
D. they
C. images borrowed
already from ancient
had established classicism
a federal
suggests
political structure that consisted of three
E. images that she borrowed from ancient
regions Not a sentence. "she" does not
ADVSC204 classicism,
based on the three major population clusters in have a referent.
suggesting
D. it had already established a federal political
structure that consisted of three regions based
on the three major population clusters within
E. it already had established a federal political
structure consisting of three regions being Nigeria is singular, they can not be
based used. "that were" seems to be
Polio,
on thealthough
three major it is population
eradicated in the United
clusters it had redundant as removing it does not
ADVSC205 States,
within it continues elsewhere and is able to be affect the meaning.
brought
into the country by visitors.
A. Polio, although it is eradicated in the United
States, it continues
Hundreds of specieselsewhere and is able
of fish generate and to be
B. Polio, although
discharge eradicatedininbursts
electric currents, the United
or as
States, it still continues elsewhere and can be
steady electric
C.
fields aroundstill
Although theircontinuing elsewhere,
bodies, using polio
their power
has been
either eradicated
to find and attack in the United
prey, States and
to defend
could be
themselves, or
D. Although having beenand
also for communicating eradicated
navigating.in the
United States, polio still continues
A. either to find and attack prey, to defend elsewhere "Polio, it continues …" is incorrect.
and is
themselves, or also for communicating and Moreover, "although it is
capable
navigating of B.
being
either for finding and attacking eradicated …" - we can remove the
E.
prey, defend themselves, or for communication "it is" without altering the
Although eradicated in the United States,
ADVSC206 polio
and continues elsewhere and could be meaning. Hence, redundant.
navigation
Thomas Eakins's powerful style and his choices
C.
of to find and attack
subject--the advances prey,infor defense,
modern or
surgery,
communication
the and navigation
D. for finding
discipline and attacking
of sport, the strainsprey, to defend in
of individuals
themselves,
tension withor also for
society or communication and
even with themselves--
navigation
was as
E. to find and
disturbing attack
to his ownprey,
timeto asdefend
it is compelling "to find" and "for communicating"
ADVSC207 themselves,
for ours. or to communicate and navigate are not parallel.
A. was as disturbing to his own time as it is
B. were as disturbing to his own time as they
are
C. has been as disturbing in his own time as
they are
D. had been as disturbing in his own time as it
was
ADVSC208 E. have been as disturbing in his own time as SVA. Plural should be used
 One report concludes that many schools do not
have, or likely to have, enough computers to
use
them effectively.
A. Or
B. Nor Bad parallelism. The basic
C. or are structure is this - "do not have X or
D. nor are they likely to have X". We cannot say
ADVSC209 E. nor are not "do not likely to have X".
With an awareness that there are connotations
associated with the numbers 1 and 2 and the
letters
A and B, companies conducting consumer taste
tests of foods or beverages typically choose
numbers
such as 697 or 483 to label the products.
A. With an awareness that there are "with an awareness that there are
connotations associated with the numbers 1 connotations …" suggests that the
and 2 and the letters A and B companies knew that such
B. Because the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters connotations exist but are not
A and B have connotations they are aware of aware of the details. "awareness
C. Because of an awareness of the numbers 1 of the connotations" implies they
and 2 and the letters A and B having know what those connotations are
connotations and mean. Because "there"
D. Aware of the connotations of the numbers 1 implies something exists. "there
and 2 and the letters A and B are connations" = "connotations
E. Since the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A exist". Hence, the sentence =
and B have connotations associated with them "awareness that connotations
ADVSC210 and they are aware of it exist". Incorrect.
 The application of a new method for analyzing
the chemistry of tooth enamel allows scientists
to
examine molars of prehuman ancestors and
determining that their diets were more varied
than had
been supposed.
A. The application of a new method for
analyzing the chemistry of tooth enamel allows
scientists to examine molars of prehuman
ancestors and determining
B. Through the application of a new method for
analyzing the chemistry of tooth enamel, the
molars of prehuman ancestors were examined
by scientists who determined
C. When they applied a new method for
analyzing the chemistry of tooth enamel,
scientists
examined molars of prehuman ancestors, "to examine and determining" is
determining not parallel. "allows scientists to
D. Applying a new method for analyzing the determine that their diets were
chemistry of tooth enamel, the molars
1998 saw several new ventures promoting of more varied …" - Unacceptable
prehuman
online ancestors
distance have
learning been
both at examined
the collegebyand meaning. This suggests that the
scientists,
graduate who determined E. Applying a new scientists already knew that the
method
level, butfor analyzing
also the chemistry
faculty members of tooth
in large diets of pre historic humans were
enamel, scientists have
numbers began questioning whether the more varied and now are just
examined screen
computer molars of prehuman ancestors and working on the mechanics to show
ADVSC211 determined
was an adequate replacement for the it via experimental results.
classroom.
A. 1998 saw several new ventures promoting
online distance learning both at the college and
graduate level, but also faculty members in
large numbers began
B. In 1998 several new ventures were
promoting online distance learning for both
college-and
for graduate-level courses, but it was also a
year for a large number of faculty members
who began
C. With several new ventures promoting online
distance learning both for college and
graduate courses in 1998, it was also a year
when a large number of faculty members had
begun
D. Although 1998 saw several new ventures
promoting online distance learning for both
college- and graduate-level courses, it was also
a year when a large number of faculty
members began
E. Several new ventures were promoting online
distance learning in 1998, at both the college
level as well as the graduate, but it was also a
year for faculty members to begin in large "both at the college and graduate
ADVSC212 numbers level" - Not parallel.
 Whereas scientists, because of random
fluctuations in the weather, cannot determine
the transition
from one season to the next by monitoring
temperatures on a daily basis, so they cannot
determine
the onset of global warming by monitoring
average annual temperatures.
A. Whereas scientists
B. Just as scientists
C. Like scientists who "whereas" indicates a contrast.
D. Inasmuch as a scientist The two clauses reinforce each
ADVSC213 E. In the same way a scientist other, not contrast.

A new genetically engineered papaya was

produced not by seed companies who have
been
motivated by profit, which was the case with
most
Manygenetically modifiedstress,
teenagers undergo crops previously
but results of a
approved
recent study indicate that the patterns of stress
for
thatcommercial use, but university and United
States Department
girls experience areof Agriculture
more likely toresearchers
result in
who
depression than are those that boys
allowed growers to use it free of charge.
experience.
A. produced not by
are those that seed
boys companies who have
experience
been
B. what boys experience which was the case Correct. Stress paterns that girls
motivated by profit,
with most
C. boys' genetically
experience modified crops previously experience is to be compared with
would
approved for commercial
D. boys' stress patterns douse, but stress patterns that boys
ADVSC214 B. produced
E. stress not by
patterns ofprofit-motivated
boys seed experience.
companies, the case with most genetically
modified
crops previously approved for commercial use,
but
C. produced not by profit-motivated seed
companies, as was the case with most
genetically
modified crops previously approved for
commercial use, but by
D. not produced by profit-motivated seed
companies, which was the case with most
genetically modified crops previously approved
for commercial use, but was produced by
E. not produced by seed companies who have "not X but Y" requires perfect
been motivated by profit, the case with most parallelism between X and Y.
genetically modified crops previously approved "which" incorrectly refers to
ADVSC215 for commercial use, but by "profit".
 eating dinosaur that is a distant relative of
Tyrannosaurus rex and closely resembles South
American predatory dinosaurs, have been
discovered by
Developed in Madagascar.
Pennsylvania's Palatine Germans
Mideast
B. The 1750,immigrants'
bones of a made rates
meat-eating of entrepreneurship
dinosaur,
about they Conestoga wagons with
exceed virtually
Majungatholus every
atopus, other
a immigrant
distant relativegroupof in
high
the
Tyrannosaurus rex and withrutted a closeroads,
wheels capable of crossing
increasingly diverse United States economy.
resemblance
muddy flats, to South
and the American
nonroads ofpredatory
the prairieA.
Mideast
dinosaurs, immigrants' rates of entrepreneurship
and they had a
exceed
has been discovered in Madagascar.
floor curved upward on either end sorates as to of
B. Mideast
C. In immigrants
Madagascar, the are
bones exhibiting
of steep
a meat-eating
prevent cargo from shifting on grades.
entrepreneurship
dinosaur, Majungatholus exceeding atopus, with distantly
A. they made Conestoga wagons high
C. Immigrants
related to from
Tyrannosaurus the Mideast
rex andexhibit
closely rates of
wheels capable of crossing rutted roads,
entrepreneurship
resembled South exceeding
American those
predatory of
muddy
D. Theandrates
theofnonroads
entrepreneurship in immigrants
and they "rate
dinosaurs, of entrepreneurship" is
flats, of the prairie
from the
haveabeen Mideast
discovered. exceed compared to "immigrant group".
had floor curved upward on either end so
E.
D. The
A rates
distant of Mideast
relative of immigrants'
Tyrannosaurus rex, "mideast immigrants" is incorrect.
as to prevent
entrepreneurship
bearing a close exceeds
resemblance those
to of
South We do not say for example -
B. they made Conestoga wagons, which had
ADVSC216 Question
American # "Middleeast immigrants".
high wheels capable of crossing rutted roads,
predatory
muddy dinosaurs
flats, and theisnonroadsMajungatholus atopus, a
of the prairie,
meat-eating
and floors curved dinosaur,upward the on bonestheirofends
which so
have beenprevented
that they discovered in Madagascar.
E. A
C. distant relative
Conestoga wagons, of with
Tyrannosaurus
high wheels rex and
closely
capable resembling
of crossing South
rutted American
roads, predatory
muddy flats,
For the bestthe extraction ofa meat-eating
the flavor of dinosaur,
saffron
dinosaurs,
and the bones of
threads, it should be soaked in liquid after
Majungatholus
nonroads of theatopus, prairie,have and had been a floor that
being
ADVSC217 discovered
was curved in Madagascar.
upward at both Correct Answer..
pounded with a mortar and ends
pestle. to prevent
D. Conestoga wagons had high
A. For the best extraction of the flavor of wheels capable
of crossing
saffron ruttedit roads,
threads, shouldmuddy be soaked flats,inand the
liquid
nonroads of the prairie, and a floor that was
after
curved upward at both ends to prevent
being pounded
E. Conestoga
B. To best extract wagons theirhad highsaffron
flavor, wheelsthreadscapable
of
should be soaked in liquid after pounding the Misplaced Modifier. "they" refers
crossing rutted roads, muddy flats, and
nonroads
C. The bestofway the toprairie
extractandthe floors
flavor curving
from to two different things in the
ADVSC218 upward at their is
saffron threads ends so that
soaking them it prevented
in liquid after sentence.
being
pounded
Paper production accounts for approximately
D.
40 The best of
percent waythetoworld's
extractindustrial
the flavoruse from of
saffron
wood, and threads is to soak them in liquid after
pounding them
the market for paper is growing faster than it is
E. The
for flavor wood
all major of saffron threads can best be
products.
extracted
A. the market by soaking
for paper it inisliquid
growing after pounding
faster than it "It" is wrong. Saffron Threads is
ADVSC219 it
is for all plural.
B. the market for paper is growing faster than
the market for all other
C. the market for it is growing faster than it is
for all other
D. its market is growing faster than the market "it" refers to "market for paper".
for all Incorrect. "all" includes "market
E. its market is growing faster than it is for all for paper". We need to say "all
ADVSC220 other other".
 Broccoli thrives in moderate to cool climates
and propagated by seeds, either sown directly
in the
field or in plant beds designed for producing
transplants.
A. propagated by seeds, either sown directly in
the field or inpsychology
Evolutionary plant beds holds
designed
thatfor
the human
producing
mind is not a "blank slate," but instead that it
B. propagated
comprises by seeds,
specialized sownmechanisms
mental either directly in
that
the field
were or sownas
developed in aplant
way beds designed
of solving so as
specific
to produce
problems
C. is propagated
human ancestorsby seeds
faced either of
millions sown directly
years ago.
in the field
A. human or in plant
mind bedsa designed
is not so that
"blank slate," but
they produce
instead that it comprises specialized mental
D. is propagated
mechanisms thatbywereseeds sown either
developed as a directly
way of
in the field or in plant beds designed to
solving "either X or Y" requires perfect
produce
B. the human mind is not a "blank slate" but parallelism between X and Y. This
E. is propagated
instead comprises byspecialized
seeds, sown either directly
mental is violated here. "propagated by
in the field orthat
mechanisms sownwerein plant beds designed
developed to solve for seeds"(a modifier) is not parallel
ADVSC221 producing
C. the human mind, instead of a "blank slate," to "thrives in …" (a verb).
it comprises specialized mental mechanisms
that have been developed to solve
D. rather than it being a "blank slate," the
human mind comprises specialized mental
mechanisms
By recording the thatnoise
have of been developed
crinkled as a as
wrappers
way of solving
they were slowly stretched out in an otherwise Repeating the subject is not
E. rather than the human mind's being a "blank
silent necessary. "that it comprises" -
slate,"
chamber, thatand
it comprises specialized
then digitizing mental the
and analyzing "that it" is redundant. It can be
mechanisms that were developed
sound emissions on computers, a team as a way
of of dropped without change in
ADVSC222 solving
scientists meaning.
found the noise not continuous but consisted
of individual bursts or pops just thousandths of
a
second long.
A. digitizing and analyzing the sound emissions
on computers, a team of scientists found the
noise not
B. digitizing and analyzing the sound emissions
on computers, a team of scientists found that
the noise was not
C. digitizing and analyzing the sound emissions
on computers, a team of scientists found the
noise not to be
D. the sound emissions were digitized and "continuous" is not parallel to
analyzed on computers, a team of scientists "consisted of individual …". The
found first is an adjective whereas
that the noise was not "consisted …" is a verb. To see why
E. the sound emissions were digitized and it is a verb write the sentence -
analyzed on computers, a team of scientists "noise consisted of individual
found bursts …" - "noise" is the subject
ADVSC223 the noise not to be and "consisted" is the verb.
 Mars
in recent eras, therefore concluding that its
crust is harboring up to three times as much
water than
was previously thought.
A. eras, therefore concluding that its crust is
harboring up to three times as much water
than
was
B. eras, therefore concluding that the planet's
crust harbors up to three times as much water
An international
or more as was team of astronomers working
at telescopes
C. eras and have in the Canaryconcluded
therefore Islands andthatSpainthe
has
planet's crust harbors up to three times as
detected
much water at least
as 18 huge gas spheres
estimated
D. eras andtothey havehave
5 toconcluded,
15 times the mass of
therefore,
Jupiter, the solar
that its crust harbors up to three times as much
system's
water, or largest planet.
more, than "is harboring" is not an
A. astronomers
E. eras workingtherefore,
and concluded, at telescopes
that in
thethe appropriate tense to convey
Canary
planet's
The Islands and
crust israbbit
cottontail Spain
harboring has
up detected
population to three at least general truths. Use simple
times
in Orange
18
more California, has increased unchecked in present. "as much + than" is
County,
ADVSC224 huge
recentgas
water spheres estimated to have 5 to 15
as was unidiomatic.
times the mass of Jupiter
years as a result of the removal of the native
B.
foxastronomers
population and working at telescopes
the clearing in the
of surrounding
Canary
woodlands.Islands and Spain has detected at least
18
A. years as a result of the removal of
huge
B. yearsgasasspheres
a resultestimated
of removingto be 5 to 15 times
Jupiter's
C. years, mass
resulting from the removing of
C.
D. astronomers
years, which is is aworking
result ofatremoving
telescopes in the Correct answer. "the removal" is
ADVSC225 Canary Islands and Spain, having
E. years, which is a result of the removal detected ofat parallel to "the clearing".
least 18 huge gas spheres that are estimated at
5 to 15 times
Results the mass
of a United of Jupiter
States study published in
D. astronomers, working
the Annals of Internal Medicine at telescopes in the
have shown
Canary Islands
collegeeducated and Spain, and has detected at
least 18 huge gas spheres estimated
women and women living in the South and at 5 to 15
times
West to thebemass of Jupiter
significantly more likely to be using
E. astronomers,
supplemental hormones working at as telescopes
women living in the
in the
Canary Islands and
Northeast and Midwest. Spain, has detected at least
18 huge gas spheres women
A. college-educated they haveandestimated to be
women living
ADVSC226 5
in the South and West to be significantly more Correct
to 15 times Jupiter's mass
likely to be using supplemental hormones as
women living
B. college-educated women and women living
in the South and West as significantly more
likely to use supplemental hormones than if
they are living
C. college-educated women and those living in
the South and West being significantly more
likely to use supplemental hormones than if
they lived
D. that college-educated women and women
who live in the South and West are significantly
more likely to be using supplemental hormones
as were women that lived
E. that college-educated women and women
living in the South and West are significantly
more likely to use supplemental hormones
ADVSC227 than women living "more likely as" is unidiomatic.
 A. amoxicillin, long a standard treatment for
ear infections, as being about as effective as
newer, more expensive antibiotics and causing
B. amoxicillin, long a standard treatment for
ear infections, to be about as effective
compared
to newer, more expensive antibiotics and with
C. amoxicillin, long a standard treatment for
ear infections, to be about as effective as
newer,
more expensive antibiotics and that it causes
D. that amoxicillin, long a standard treatment Parallelism dictates this structure -
for ear infections, is about as effective as "found amoxicillin as causing
newer, fewer side effects" - Unidiomatic.
more expensive antibiotics and causes The basic structure implied is
E. that amoxicillin, long a standard treatment "they found amoxicillin as being
for ear infections,
Archaeologists is about
in Egypt have as excavated
effective a effective" -here Again
compared
5,000-year-old wooden hull that is the earliest unidiomatic. "found X as Verb-ing"
to newer, more expensive antibiotics
ADVSC228 and with
surviving is unidiomatic.
example of a "built" boat--in other words, a
boat constructed out of planks fitted together--
and that they are more temperamental and far
Although
thus
morerepresents
expensive athan
major advance, in terms of
transistor-driven
boat-building
amplifiers, technology, over the dugout logs
and
many audiophiles and audio professionals
reed
prefervessels of more
the warmer, ancient
richer vintage.
tones produced by
A. together--and
vacuumtube- that thus represents
B. together--and
driven amplifiers.this has represented
C. together, and it represents
A. many audiophiles and audio professionals
D. together that
prefer the warmer, wasricher
representing
tones produced by Parallel and hence is the correct
ADVSC229 E. together to represent
vacuum-tube-driven amplifiers answer
Both the complexity of the phenomenon
B. many audiophiles and audio professionals
known as extinction and the vastness of the
think the warmer, richer tones produced by
biosphere,
vacuum-tube-driven
having prompted many amplifiers make
scientists them
to call for a
preferable
large increase in the number of biologists
C. warmer,
working richer tones are produced by
both
vacuum-tube-driven amplifiersto
in the field and in laboratories and theythe
clarify are
thus
relationships among the planet's many "they" seems to refer to "many
preferred by many
endangered lifeforms. audiophiles and audio audiophiles …". This option says
professionals
A. and the vastness of the biosphere, having that "audiophiles prefer the tones
D. vacuum-tube-driven amplifiers are
prompted many scientists to call for a large preferred produced by vaccuum tube
because they produce warmer, richer
increase in the number of biologists working tones amplifiers". Not the intended
by
bothmany audiophiles and audio professionals meaning. We do not know
E. vacuum-tube-driven amplifiers
B. and the vastness of the biosphere has are preferred whether they prefer those
by many audiophiles and audio professionals
prompted many scientists calling for a large amplifiers or not. The option
because
increase these amplifiers produce warmer, should have said "they prefer
ADVSC230 richer tones
in the number of biologists both working vaccuum tube amplifiers".
C. and the vastness of the biosphere have
prompted many scientists to call for a large
increase
in the number of biologists working both
D. as well as the vastness of the biosphere have
prompted many scientists to call for a large
increase in the number of biologists who both Not a complete sentence. "having
work E. as well as the vastness of the biosphere prompted" refers to a prior action.
has prompted many scientists to call for a large What action follows this? Not
increase in the number of biologists who work clear. For ex - having watched the
ADVSC231 both movie, I went to the restaurant.
 In some species of cricket, the number of
chirps per minute used by the male for
attracting females
rise and fall in accordance with the surrounding
temperature, and they can in fact serve as an
approximate thermometer.
A. for attracting females rise and fall in
accordance with the surrounding temperature,
and
they can in fact serve
B. for attracting females rises and falls in
accordance with the surrounding temperature,
which can in fact serve
C. in attracting females rise and fall in
accordance with the surrounding temperature,
in fact
possibly serving
D. to attract females rises and falls in
accordance with the surrounding temperature,
and it
can in fact serve E. to attract females rises and
falls in accordance with the surrounding "the number of chirps" is singular.
temperature, in fact We need to say "rises and falls".
ADVSC232 possibly serving "they" is also incorrect here.

Industrialization and modern methods of insect

control have improved the standard of living
around
the globe while at the same time they have
introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical "having gone virtually unregulated
pollutants, having gone virtually unregulated …" refers to "industrialization".
since they were developed more than 50 years Industrialization was not
ago. developed 50 years ago. It should
A. while at the same time they have introduced have referred to 100,000
some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants, dangerous chemical pollutants.
having Also, this modifier "having gone"
B. while at the same time introducing some does not make sense because it
100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants that indicates a prior action between
have two things. However, "have gone
C. while they have introduced some 100,000 unregulated since they were
dangerous chemical pollutants at the same developed" and "have released
time, [since they were developed]"
which have should both happen at the same
D. but introducing some 100,000 dangerous time. Moreover, "having gone
chemical pollutants at the same time that have virtually unregulated" should
E. but at the same time introducing some either be an effect or description
100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants, having of the main clause. It is neither. It
ADVSC233 is actually a cause.
 stocking on the amphibian populations in
certain
mountain lakes, biologists are recommending
cutting back on trout stocking on the part of
some
states and even their being removed from
some popular fishing lakes.
A. cutting back on trout stocking on the part of
some states and even their being removed
B. cutting back on trout stocking on the part of
some states and even that they remove them
C. that trout stocking be cut back in some "their" cannot refer to "trout" as it
states and they even remove the trout is an adjective. (It is not a
Hans Christian Andersen wrote fairy tales,
D. that some states cut back
of the most frequently possessive
on trout stocking noun either). "cutting
which have been some
and even their being removed back …on the part of some states"
translated
E. that some states cut back on trout stocking "even their being removed …" -
works in literary history, while he wrote plays, removed by whom?
ADVSC234 and even remove the trout
novels, poems, and travel books, as well as
several
autobiographies, which remained almost
unknown outside his native Denmark.
A. Hans Christian
In Britain, Andersen
"pig" refers to anywrote
member fairyoftales,
the
which
class ofhave been some
domestic swine,ofbutthethemost frequently
United States "when referring …" does not make
translated
uses the works in literary history, while he sense. "people use rope when
wrote
term whenplays,referring
novels, poems,
only to and travelswine
younger books,not climbing" - this implies that
as
yetwell
readyas for
several
marketautobiographies,
and weighing less whichthan 82 people use ropes when they are
remained
kilograms (180 pounds). A. the United States climbing. But we do not know for
B. Hans
uses theChristian
term when Andersen
referring wrote fairy tales, what purpose the rope is used.
which, while among the
B. the United States term refers most frequently We need to say "people use rope
translated worksStates
C. in the United in literary history,
the term his plays,
refers to climb". Similary here, we do not
novels,
D. in thepoems,
Unitedand travel
States theybooks,
use the as well
termas as it know WHY they use the term
several
refers autobiographies remain "pig". We only know when they
ADVSC235 C. Even
E. it as Hans
is used Christian
in the Andersen's
United States whenfairy tales use it.
referring
have been among the most frequently
translated works in literary history, still his
plays,
Though novels,
certain poems,
breedsand travel
of dog arebooks, as well
renowned for
as several autobiographies, remain
their sense of smell, there is often a greater
D. Unlike the
difference fairy talesability
in scenting written by Hans
between two
Christian Andersen,
members of a singlewhich
breedare someisofbetween
as there the
most
members
frequently
of differenttranslated
breeds. works in literary history,
he wrote plays,
A. is often a greaternovels, poems,in
difference and travel
scenting
books, between
ability as well astwoseveral autobiographies,
members of a single breed
which
as remained
E. Although
there is Hans Christian Andersen wrote
fairy
B. is often moreare
tales that among the
difference most frequently
in scenting ability
translatedtwo
between works in literary
members of ahistory, his plays,
single breed as to the sentence reads "Hans wrote
novels,
find onepoems, and travel books, as well as fairy tales while he wrote plays,
ADVSC236 several autobiographies, remain
C. is often a greater difference in scenting poems …" - Not contrasting ideas.
ability between two members of a single breed
than D. are often greater differences in
scenting ability between two members of a
single breed as
there are
E. are often greater differences in scenting
ability between two members of a single breed "greater" requires "than", not
ADVSC237 than there is "as".
 Thunderclouds form when warm, moist air
rises into cooler air above, because either the
ground is
warmer than usually or because the interaction
of two air masses, one warm and one cold,
forces
warm
Whereas air to
therise.
use of synthetic fertilizers has
A. because
greatly either agricultural
expanded the ground is warmer than
productivity in
usuallyparts
many or because
of the world, an increase in their
B.
usebecause either
can create the ground
serious is warmer than
environmental
usual or because of
problems such as water pollution, and their
C. because offor
substitution either
morethe ground being
traditional warmer
fertilizers
than accelerate
may usual or because
soil structure deterioration and
D.
soileither because of the ground's being
erosion. "either X or Y" requires perfect
warmer
A. an increaseusually
than in theirorusebecause of serious
can create parallelism. "warmer than usually"
E. either because
environmental the ground
problems suchisaswarmer
water than - comparing "warmer" (an
ADVSC238 usual or because
pollution, and their substitution for more adjective) to "usually" (an adverb).
traditional fertilizers
B. an increase in their use can create serious
environmental problems like water
pollution, and if substituted for more
traditional fertilizers, it
C. if these fertilizers are used increasingly, they
can create serious environmental
problems such as water pollution, and if used
as substitutions for more traditional
fertilizers, they
D. thedecreasing
After increased usage
steadily ofinthese fertilizers can
the mid-1990's, the
create serious environmental
percentage of students in the United problems
such
Statesasfinishing
water pollution,
high school while if substituted
or having earnedfor
more traditional
equivalency fertilizers,
diplomas this in the last
increased
substitution
three years of the decade, up to 86.5 percent
E.
in the
2000increased
from 85.9 usage
percentof these
in 1999fertilizers
and 84.8can
create serious
percent in 1998. environmental problems
likefinishing
A. water pollution,
high schoolwhile their substitution
or having earned for
ADVSC239 more traditional
equivalency fertilizers
diplomas increased in the last Correct answer.
three years of the decade, up to 86.5 percent
in 2000 from 85.9 percent in 1999
and
B. finishing high school or earning equivalency
diplomas, increasing in the last three
years of the decade, rising to 86.5 percent in
2000 from 85.9 percent in 1999 and
from Note that we need both
C. having finished high school or earning an "finishing" and "having earned" in
equivalency diploma increased in the last the same time frame. "finishing"
three years of the decade, and rose to 86.5 takes the same time frame as
percent in 2000 from 85.9 percent in "increased", which happens in
1999 and from "the last three years of the
D. who either finished high school or they decade". However, the perfect
earned an equivalency diploma, increasing participle "having earned"
in the last three years of the decade, rose to happens one tense before
86.5 percent in 2000 from 85.9 "increased". so, it is equivalent to
percent in 1999 and "had earned". Incorrect.
E. who finished high school or earned Furthermore, "up to 86.5%"
equivalency diplomas increased in the last implies any number less than
three years of the decade, to 86.5 percent in 86.5%. this makes the meaning of
ADVSC240 2000 from 85.9 percent in 1999 and the sentence illogical.
 At one time, the majestic American chestnut
was so prevalent that it was said a squirrel
could jump from tree to tree without once
touching the ground between New York State
and Georgia.
A. so prevalent that it was said a squirrel could
B. so prevalent that a squirrel was said that it
could
C. so prevalent for a squirrel to be said to be
able to
D. prevalent enough that it was said a squirrel
could
E. prevalent enough for a squirrel to be said to
ADVSC241 be able to Correct answer.
The Swedish warship Vasa, sunk in 1628 and
raised in 1961, was preserved in the cold
water of Stockholm harbor, where low salinity
inhibits the growth of marine borers that in
most seas devour every exposed scrap of a
sunken ship's wooden hull.
A. was preserved in the cold water of
Stockholm harbor, where low salinity inhibits
B. being preserved in the cold water of
Stockholm harbor, because the low salinity
there is able to inhibit
C. and preserved in the cold water of
Stockholm harbor, the low salinity there
inhibits
D. having been preserved in the cold water of
Stockholm harbor, whose low salinity
inhibits
E. had been preserved in the cold water of
Stockholm harbor, because of low salinity
ADVSC242 there inhibiting Correct answer.
In human hearing, subtle differences in how
the two ears hear a given sound help the
listener determine the qualities of that sound.
A. in how the two ears hear a given sound help
the listener determine
B. in the two ears hearing a given sound help
the listener in determining
C. in how a sound is heard by the two ears
helps the listener determine
D. between how the two ears hear a given
sound helps the listener in determining
E. between how a sound is heard by the two
ADVSC243 ears help the listener in determining Correct answer.
 According to a 1996 study published in the
Journal of Human Resources, Americans of
Middle Eastern descent were twice as likely as
Despite
was the there
national being no fundamental
average to be self- difference
in shipbuilding
employed. traditions in Viking-Age
Scandinavia
A. as was the national averageother
from the ones in to beparts
self- of
Northern
employed Europe, archaeological evidence
shows
B. as the that VikingAmerican
average ships weretolighter, slimmer,
be self-employed
faster,
To
C. as and
protect thus probably
English average
the national more
manufacturers seaworthy
that they of would
woolenbe
than
goods the
both
self-employed heavier
againstvessels
Americanused andby theIrishEnglish at
that time.
competition, England passed
D. to be self-employed than was thetheWoolens
average Act
A.
of Despite
1698, which
American thereprohibited
being no fundamental
the export of "people of Middle eastern
difference
woolen cloth
E. that they inwould
shipbuilding
beyond traditions
be aself-employed
colony's inthan was descent" are compared to "the
borders.
ADVSC244 Viking-Age
A.
theTonational
protect Scandinavia from the ones
English manufacturers
average of woolen national average" - Incorrect.
B. Despite no fundamental
goods both against American difference
and between
the
Irishshipbuilding
competition,traditions
England passedin the Woolens
Viking-Age
Act of 1698Scandinavia from those
C.
B. With shipbuilding
In order to protecttraditions in Viking-Age of
English manufacturers
Scandinavia not fundamentally
woolen goods against both American different
from
and those
Irish competition, England passed the
Often
D. With billed
the as "The Genius,"
shipbuilding American
traditions pianist,
in Viking-
Woolens
singer, Act
composer, of 1698
and bandleader Ray
Age
C. InScandinavia
order having
to protect no manufacturers of
English
Charles
fundamentalis credited with
difference soul
frommusic's
the asones early
woolen goods aagainst
development, genre American,
based on melding
E.
wellAlthough
as against Irish, competition, the Viking-
shipbuilding traditions in Woolens Unidiomatic. The correct idioms
gospel,
Age Scandinavia were not are "different from / difference
Act
rhythmof 1698
and was blues,passed by England
and jazz.
ADVSC245 fundamentally
D. For protecting different
English from those between"
A. Charles is credited withmanufacturers
soul music's early of
woolen goods aagainst
development, genre American,
based on meldingas well as
Irish, competition,
B. Charles is credited England
with the passed
earlythe Woolens
Act of 1698 of soul music, being a genre
development
E.
based the protection of English manufacturers
For
of
onwoolen
meldinggoods against both
American
C. Charles and Irish competition,
is credited with the early the Woolens "both X and Y" - X and Y must be
ADVSC246 Act of 1698,
development passed
of soul by England
music, on a perfectly parallel.
By pressing a tiny amount ofanitrogen
genre based between
melding
two diamonds of to a pressure of 25 million
D. Charles,
pounds percredited with scientists
square inch, soul music's notearly
only
development,
were able to transforma genre thatthe was based
gas into on a but
a solid,
melding
they alsoofcreated a semiconductor similar to
E. Charles, who is credited with the early
silicon. "early development" is not a
development
A. not only were of soul
ablemusic, a genrethe gas into "genre based on melding rhythm,
to transform
ADVSC247 based
a solid,on but melding
they also created gospel , …".
B. not only were able to transform the gas into
a solid but also creating
C. were abletonot
In contrast some only to eggs
fish transform the gas
requiring into
months
a solid
to but tothe
incubate, create
Rio Grande silvery minnow
D. were able
produces eggs not only
that to transform
hatch in about 24 thehours,
gas into
a solid but
yielding alsothat
larvae creating
can swim in just three to
E.
fourwere not only able to transform the gas into "not only X but [also] Y" requires
days.
a solid,
A. somebut fishthey
eggswere also able
requiring to to incubate perfect parallelism between X and
months
ADVSC248 create
B. some fish, whose eggs require months to Y.
incubate
C. some fish that have eggs requiring months
to incubate
D. the requirement of months of incubation for
some fish eggs
E. requiring months of incubation, as some fish Contrasting "some fish eggs" to
ADVSC249 eggs do "silvery minnow". Incorrect.
 Until Berta and Ernst Scharrer established the
concept of neuro secretion in 1928,
scientists believed that either cells secreted
hormones, which made them endocrine
cellsthe
Like andthorny
thus part of the endocrine
ballooning of a frightened system, or
conducted
pufferfish orelectrical
the sudden impulses, in which
appearance of angry
case
sapphiretheyhoops
were nervefor which cellsthe
andblue-ringed
thus part of the
nervous
octopus is system.
named, so the California newt's
A. eitherofcells
display its redsecreted
underbelly hormones,
is a clear which made
warning
them
that predators ignore at their peril.
B.
A. either
so the cells secreted
California newt'shormones,
display of making
its red
them
underbelly is a clear warning that predators
C. either
ignore at cells
theirsecreted
peril hormones and were
D. cells
B. so either
it is at theirsecreted
peril that hormones,
predators in which
ignore the
case
California newt's display of its red underbelly, a "either X or Y" requires perfect
they were
E. cells
clear either secreted hormones, which made parallelism between X and Y. This
warning
ADVSC250 them
C.
She thewas California
an educator, newt's a builder
displaying of institutions
its red is violated here.
underbelly
and organizations,
is a clear and warning
a major forfigure
predators,
in theso
they ignore
Black churchitand at their
secular perilfeminist movements
D. the
as well,California
Recent so one ofindicates
research newt's
the best-known
display
that two of its
and redmost
popular
underbelly
well-respected
arthritis drugs is aare
clear
African warning
possibly Americans
notthat predators
of the
as safe as early
they
ignore
twentieth
initiallyatbelieved.
their
centuryperilwas Nannie Helen
E.
Burroughs.
A. itthat
is attwo
their peril that
popular predators
arthritis drugs ignore the
are possibly
California
A.
not She wasnewt's
as safe an educator,
as they display aofbuilder
initially its redof
believed underbelly,
institutions a Like + so is incorrect. 'so' is used to
ADVSC251 clear
and
B. thatorganizations,
warning
two popularand a major
arthritis drugsfiguremay not be describe an effect.
in
as the
safeBlack
as theychurch
wereand secular
initially feminist
believed to be
movements as well, so one
C. two popular arthritis drugs to possibly of the best- not
known
be as safe andasmostit was well-respected
initially believed African
Americans
D. the safety of the
of two early twentieth
popular arthritiscentury
drugs may
A recent United States Census Bureau report
was Nannie
not be that Helen
as great asare Burroughs.
it was initially believed
shows there more than three times as
B. Shehouseholds
E. the was anofeducator,
safety twowhere athe
popular builder
arthritisof institutions
drugs not
many children and
and
to beorganizations,
as great as andwere ainmajor figure
grandchildren aretheyliving initially
their believed to they' does not have a logical
ADVSC252 in
be the Black church and secular feminist referent.
grandparents' home as compared to
movements, and Nannie Helen Burroughs
households where the grandparents are living
also was one of the best-known and well-
in
respected African Americans of thehome.early
their children's
Like English andor grandchildren's
Italian, each of which have
twentieth century.
A. as compared
elaborate rules for to ahouseholds
forming words where andthe and
C. As an educator, builder of institutions
B. as there so
sentences, aresign
households
languages where
haveinthe rules Usage of 'compared to' is
organizations, and a major figure the for
C. as
Black those
individualchurch whose
signsandand signed
secular sentences.
feminist movements, redundant. We already have a
D. than compared
A. Like English to those
and Italian,was where
each the
which have comparison indicator - 'more than
of of
Nannie Helenare Burroughs one
ADVSC253 E. than
elaborate there
rules forwhose
forming
the best- known and most well-respected 3 times as many as'.
B. Similar to the elaborate
African Americans of the early twentieth rules that English
and Italian have to form
century.
C. Just
D. As anaseducator,
English and Italian of
a builder have elaborateand
institutions
rules for forming
organizations, and a major figure in the
D. As with
Black church English and Italian,
and secular feministbothmovements,
having
elaborate rules to form
one of the best-known and well- each of which' is singular. Usage of
E. In the same
respected AfricanwayAmericans
that thereof aretheelaborate
early 'so' is incorrect. 'so' is used to
ADVSC254 rules
twentiethusedcentury
to form was English and Helen
Nannie Italian denote effect.
Burroughs.
E. Being an educator, a builder of institutions
and organizations, and a major figure in
the Black church and secular feminist
movements, one of the best-known and and + as well' is redundant. 'so'
most well- respected African Americans of the should denote effect. The second
early twentieth century was Nannie part of the sentence is not an
ADVSC255 Helen Burroughs. effect of the first part.
 researchers have determined, which
makes the leopards many times more rare
compared to
D. Researchers have determined that, because
of being poached and increased
cultivation
Shrinking faster in their thannative
any other habitats, there the
nation's, are
fewer than 100 Arabian leopards
projected decline of Japan's population is 17 left
in the wild,
percent duringthusthe making
next half them many more
century.
times as rarefaster
A. Shrinking as than any other nation's, the
E. Researchers
projected decline have of determined
Japan's that, because
of poaching
population and increased cultivation
isthat, like the Volkswagen, whose
It istheir
possible
in
B. Shrinkingnative habitats,
faster than there are fewer than
ofaany
unchanging exterior over other
decades nation,
An
100 international
Arabian team
leopards left astronomers
in the wild, working
Japan's
concealed population
many has
changes projected
in Islands
its decline
internal
at
and telescopes
that these inleopards
the Canary are thus manyand times Due to' is a noun modifier. Hence,
of
machinery, the evolution of many prehistoric
ADVSC256 Spain
more has
rare detected
than at least 18 huge gasfaster
spheres it modifies researchers.
C. The population
microbes occurred of Japan
with is
notimes shrinking
significant
estimated to have 5 to 15 the mass
than that of
modification any other
tosolar
their nationlargest
sheaths. and is planet.
of Jupiter, the system's
projected
A. the to decline
evolutionworking by
of manyatprehistoric microbes
A. astronomers telescopes infaster
the
D. The Japanese
occurred with no population
significant isdetected
shrinking the decline' is not shrinking faster
Canary Islands and Spain has at
than any other nation, and estimated to have 5 than
modification to their sheaths it has a that of other nations. Usage
least 18 huge gas spheres
projected
B. the decline
evolution of atmany prehistoric microbes of 'decline of' is incorrect here.
to 15 timespopulation
the mass of Jupiter faster than
E.
was Japan's
occurring without is shrinking
significant 'decline of' is used to describe a
B. astronomers working at telescopes in the
that of
modification any other
ofand nation,
theirSpain
sheaths with a projected figurative decline - the decline of
Canary Islands has detected at
ADVSC257 decline
C. no at
significant modification was made to the the Marathas.
least 18 huge gas spheres that are at an
sheaths of to
5many 15prehistoric
estimated
According to
one expert, themicrobes
times Jupiter's cause massof genetic
as they
C. astronomerswere evolving
is working at telescopes in so
the
irregularities in many breeds of dog is not
D. the that
Canary sheaths
Islands of
and many
Spain, prehistoric
having microbes
much dogs are being bred for looks or to
went
detected without significant
at narrow
least hugemodification
18criteria gas spheres that are
meet other as that the breeds
during
estimated theiratevolution
5 to
have relatively few15founding
times the mass
members.
E. many
of the
Jupiter prehistoric microbes evolvedinwithout
A. cause of genetic irregularities many
significant
D. astronomers, modification
working ofattheir
telescopes in the Incorrect comparison between
breeds of dog is not so much that dogs
ADVSC258 sheaths
Canary Islands Volkswagen and the evolution.
are being bred and Spain,orand
for looks to meethas other
detectedcriteria
narrow at least 18 huge gas spheres
estimated
B. the cause at of5 to 15 times
genetic the mass of
irregularities in many
Jupiter
breeds of dog is not as much their being
E.
bredastronomers,
for looks orworking meetingatother telescopes
narrowincriteria
the
Canary
as muchIslands and Spain, has detected at
least
C. it is18nothuge gas spheres
so much the cause theyofhave geneticestimated
as being 5 to in
irregularities 15many
timesbreedsJupiter's of dog that they
ADVSC259 mass
are being bred for looks or meeting other Correct Answer
narrow criteria as much
D. it is not
Greatly so muchby
influenced thethe cause of genetic
Protested missionary
irregularities
Samuel Kirkland, the Oneida wasdog
in many breeds of theisonly
their
beingofbred
one for looks orIroquois
the five-nation meetingLeague other narrow
who
criteria
sided with so much
the colonists during the American
E. it is not so much the cause of genetic
Revolution. Correct Answer. The idiom is 'not
irregularities
A. was the only one of the five-nation Iroquois so much X as Y'. X and Y must be
in many breeds of dog to be
ADVSC260 bred forwho
League lookssidedor to meet other narrow criteria Oneida' parallel. is plural."five-nation" is
B. was alone of the five-nation Iroquois League actually an adjective. So, the five-
when they sided nation Iroquois League is a
C. alone among the five-nation Iroquois League singular noun phrase. We cannot
sided say "one of/ alone of/ only of / the
D. were the only ones out of the five nations of five-nation Iroquois League". i.e.
Iroquois League in siding these constructions seem like
E. only of the
Although the turtle
five-nation
has been Iroquois League
toothless forhad "one of apple/ alone of apple /
ADVSC261 sided
more than 150 million years, in some only of apple".
contemporary turtle species the moderately
sharp and jagged edges of their horny jaws
function for teeth.
A. their horny jaws function for teeth
B. its horny jaws function for teeth
C. its horny jaws function as do teeth
D. the horny jaws function as teeth do
ADVSC262 E. the horny jaws function as teeth function for' is unidiomatic.
 The Achaemenid empire of Persia reached the
Indus Valley in the fifth century B.C.,
bringing the Aramaic script with it, from which
was derived both northern and southern
India alphabets.
A. theyear
Aramaic script with it, from which was
Each companies inand
United States could
derived both northern
savetheasAramaic
much asscript $58 billion it,annually bywhich
B. withemployees and from
preventing illness among and gain
deriving both thebillion
northern and the
as much as $200 through improving
C. with it the Aramaic script, from which derive
performance of workers if they simply provided
both the
In the past northern
several and
years, the
offices air. astronomers have
withwith cleaner
D.
detected it more
the Aramaic
than 80script, massive from which most
planets,
A. annually by preventing illness among
derives
of themboth as largenorthern
or larger and thanasJupiter, which
employees and gain asscript,
much $200 billion
E. with it the Aramaic and deriving from
if Usage
circle other stars. of passive voice is incorrect.
through improving performance of workers
ADVSC263 it both
A. most the northern
of them as largeand or larger than Jupiter, 'Was derived' by whom?
they simply provided offices
which circle
B. annually if they prevented employee illness
B.
and most
gainofasthem muchasaslarge $200orbillion
larger than Jupiter
and circling
through worker performance improved by
C. mostproviding
simply of them at least as large as Jupiter,
circling
C. annually in employee illness prevention and
D. mostly at expected
least as large to beasthe
gain as much as $200 billion Jupiter,
through which which' modifies Jupiter. The
Women are majority of
circle
worker performance improved correct idiom is 'as large as'. 'as
student entering law schoolthan thisby simply
fall, a trend
ADVSC264 E.
ultimately placing more women in leadership large than' is incorrect.
mostly
providing as large or larger Jupiter, circling
D. in employee
position in politics illnessandprevention
business. and gain as
much as $200 billion through
A. Women are expected to be the majority of
improving
student performance
entering law school of workers
this fall,if athey
simply
trend provided
ultimately placing
The yield per acreillness of coffee berries varies and
E.
B. by
Thepreventing
majority of students among employees
entering law school
enormously in that a single tree, depending on
gain as
this fall much
are as $200
expected tobillion through
be women, a
both its size and on climate and altitude, could
improved
trend that worker performance
will ultimately place if they simply each year + annually' is
produce enough berries to make between
ADVSC265 provided
C.
one and twelve pounds of dried beans a school
The majority of students entering law year. redundant.
thisenormously
A. fall are expected in thattoa single be women, tree, depending
which
on both willitsultimately
size and on place
climate and
D. It is expected
altitude, could producethat the majority of students
entering law
B. enormously in that school this fall willtree,
a single be dependent
women,
on its sizea andtrend alsoultimately
on climate placing
and
E. It is expected for the women totomake
altitude, is able to produce be the a trend + ultimately' - denotes
Before scientists learned how law a this
majority
C. enormously, of students
because entering
a single school
tree, something that will happen in the
synthetic growth hormone, removing it
ADVSC266 fall, which will
depending oninitssmall ultimately
size and place
on climate and future. Use future tense 'will'.
painstakingly amounts from the
altitude, is able to produce
pituitary glands of human cadavers.
D. enormously,
A. scientists because
learned howato single
maketree, being
a synthetic
dependent
growth hormone,on its size, climate, and
The success of theremoving
program it eradicate
to
altitude,
painstakingly ishas
capable of producing
smallpox stimulated experts to pursue
E.
B. enormously,
scientists hadbecause learnedaabout singlemaking
tree, a Usage of 'in that' is wrong. We
what
dependent both on its size as well as on -- need
synthetic growth hormone, they hadpossible
to a cause-effect relationship
they had not previously considered
climate
removecontrol,
better it painstakingly
if notproduceeradication, of the marker here. 'both … and…'
ADVSC267 and
C. altitude,
scientist could
learned how to synthesize the requires perfect parallelism.
other infections such as measles and yaws.
growth hormone, it had
A. what they had not previously considered to be painstakingly
removed
possible -- better control, if not
D. learning how
eradication, of the to other
make ainfections
syntheticsuch growth as
hormone,
B. what they scientists
had nothad to remove
previously it
considered a the + such as' is incorrect. The
painstakingly
possibility -- better control, definite article "the" here seems
E. Learning
if not how toofsynthesize
eradication, such infections the growthlike Before'
to refer requires a main
a group of clause.
diseases that'it'
hormone,
C. something it have
theytohad be notpainstakingly
previously refers
has to 'synthetic
already growth
been mentioned
ADVSC268 removed
considered bypossible
scientists -- better control, hormone'.
previously - however it has not
if not eradication, of such infections as been. It is often awkward to use a
D. something not considered a previous definite article when an item(s) is
possibility -- better control and introduced for the first instance.
perhaps eradication, of other infections such as Usage of 'what' is too specific. It
E. the possibility of what they had not suggests that 'better control, if not
previously considered possible -- eradication' was the only thing
better control and possibly eradication of they did not consider possible.
ADVSC269 infections like (What = the thing/s that).
 imprint division, under which it will publish
about 20 purely digital works to be sold
online as either electronic books or
downloadable copies that can be printed upon
purchase.
A. works
Less thanto 35be soldafter
years online theasrelease
either electronic
of African
books or
honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,
B. works
their to sell them
descendents, online, either
popularly knownasas killer
electronic
bees had migrated books oras far north as Southern
C. works
new and it will sell them
Texas.
The image oforStone Age online
peopleas aseither
electronic
A. Less thanhuntersbooks
35 years asafter
systematic largethe
ofthem release
animals, of than
rather
D. works,
African and selling
honeybees outside online
Sao as
Paulo, either
Brazil,
merely
Shipwrecks scavenging
are35 more for meat, have emerged
electronic
B. In less books or aslikely toreleasing
be foundAfrican
from the than
undisturbed examination
at years
great ofsince
depths tools found
than in either
in shallow
E. works,
honeybees and it will
outside Sao sell them
Paulo, online
Brazil, as
Germany,
costal including there wooden spears that Correct answer.
ADVSC270 electronic
C. In lesswhich books
than the or35 years
archaeologists
waters, believe
exposes to besince
about
archaeological African
400,000
remains
honeybees old. hadand been releasedthemoutside
years Saoto
to turbulence makes accessible
Paulo,
A. merely Brazil,scavenging for meat, they havebe emerged
anyone inless
scuba gear,
D. It took than 35 whether
years from the release
from the examination
archaeologist, treasure of tools
hunter, found
or sportin diver. of
African
Germany, honeybees
including outside Sao Paulo,
A. thanwhen in shallow costal waters, which exposes Correct answer. The past perfect
Brazil,
B. as mere scavenging for
archaeological remains to meat, have emerged
E. It took less than 35 years after the time to that here
from examining tools found in is valid because the migration
turbulence and makes them accessible
African
Germany, honeybees
which were
include released happened before 35 years were
anyone in scuba gear, whether they be
ADVSC271 outside
C. as mere Sao Paulo,
meat Brazil,
scavengers, and then
has emerged from completed (after the release)
B. than in shallow costal waters, where
examining tools found
archaeological remains are exposed to in
Germany
turbulence that
andincludes
are accessible to anyone in
D. mere
scuba scavengers
gear, whetherof meat, has emerged from
the
C. asexamination
opposed to of tools found
shallow watersinalong the
Germany, which includes
coast, where archaeological remains are rather than' requires parallelism.
E. mere scavengers of
exposed to turbulence and accessible to meat, has emerged from 'merely scavenging' is not parallel
the examination
anyone in scuba gear, of tools found in
including to 'systematic hunters'. 'The new
ADVSC272 Germany,
D. instead including
of in shallow waters along the coast, image' is singular.
which exposes archaeological
remains to turbulence and making them
The spectacular disintegration ofthan
a comet
accessible
An international to anyone group in of scuba
moregear, 2,000last
year in
including full an view of ground-and space-based
scientists project an average globalinto warming
telescopes
E. instead ofprovided
shallow new coastal insights
waters, how it
because
that will be between 1.8 and 6.3 degrees
comets form
exposes archaeological and may thus force
remains to a rethinking of
Fahrenheit by the year 2000.
the role
turbulence of comets
and makein the
them delivery
accessibleof organic
A. project antoaverage globalearth. warming that will shallow waters' is plural. Hence,
to
ADVSC273 compounds
anyone in scuba the evolving
gear, whether 'which exposes' is incorrect.
be
A. between
The 1.8 anddisintegration of a comet
spectacular
B. project an average global warming to be
last year
1.8 in to full view of ground- and
from insights group' is singular. 'that will be
space-based telescopes provided new
C. project global warming that will average between 1.8 to …' is incorrect.
into how comets form and thus may
between
Ozone, a 1.8
specialand form of oxygen that screens 'will' is used to indicate definite
force
D.
outprojects
harmful global warming
ultraviolet rays, to average
reaches from
high 1.8 events. 'that' is too restrictive
B. The spectacular disintegration of a comet
to
concentrations twelve miles above here. Seems to imply that we are
last year in an fullaverage
view ofglobal
ground- andEarth,
E. projects
where it has long
space-based appeared
telescopes, warming
that it new
provided of
was immune talking about
insights global warming. a specific kind of
ADVSC274 between
from human 1.8 and
influence; we have now realized, long appeared' happened before
into how comets form and thus
though, that
possibly forcing emissions of industrial the realization. Hence, we need a
chlorofluorocarbons deplete
C. When a comet's spectacular disintegration the ozone layer. past perfect. 'that it was' is
A. has long
occured appeared
in full view ofthat ground-it wasand immune from redundant. Ozone has long
B. has long appeared
space-based telescopes to have beenit immune
last year, provided appeared that ozone was' is
from
new insights into how comets form nonsensical. 'immune from'
C. has long appeared
and thus possibly forcing as being immune to means 'exempt from' and
D. Last
D. had long year,appeared
in full view immune
of ground- to and space- 'immune to' means 'not
ADVSC275 E. had telescopes,
based long appeared that it was immune to
a comet's susceptible'.
spectacular disintegration provided new
insights into how comets form and thus
possibly forcing
E. Last year, in full view of ground- and space-
based telescopes, the spectacular
disintegration of a comet has provided new
insights into how comets form and may Correct answer. Maintains
ADVSC276 thus force parallelism.
 outs are held for athletes representing the US
in the Olympics, is geared toward enhancing
athletes' performance and toward their
preparation for international competition.
The
A. is government
geared toward predicts
enhancing that, athletes'
for consumers
and businesses
performance and that maketheir
toward a large number of
preparation
long - distance
B. is geared calls, thethe
to enhance Federal
performance of
communication's
athletes and to prepare recentthem telephone rate cuts
will
C. aregreatly
geared to enhance athletes performance
reduce
and theircosts, though some consumer groups
preparation
Patience
disagree Lovell
with the Wright, whose
government's traveling
estimates,
D. are geared toward the enhancement of
waxworks
suggesting exhibit
they arepreceded
too Madame
optimistic. Tuscan’s
athletes' performance and toward
work
A. The bygovernment
30them
year, became predicts wellthat,known for as much
preparing
The computer company has announced that it programs' is plural. 'toward
because
consumers of having
and an
businesses eccentric personality
that division
make a large
E.
willare geared
purchase toward
the enhancing
color-printing the of a enhancing …' is not parallel to
as for having
number skillfully
of long-distance rendered popular
calls,preparing
the Federal public
ADVSC277 performance
rival company offorathletes
$950 and
million, which isthem
part of 'toward their preparation'.
figures in
communication's wax. recent telephone
aA.deal
well that
known will make
as much it the largest
because of having an
rate cuts will greatly reducecolor-printing
costs,
manufacturer
eccentric in thepredicts
personality office
as for having
B. The government that costs will be
market,
skillfullyreduced
rendered popular public figures in
greatly for consumers and
A. million, which
wax. is part of a deal that of willlong-
make
businesses that make a large number
B.
B. million,
well knowna partas of
much a dealfor that
having makes an eccentric
distance calls byofthe
C. million,
personality part
as for askillful
deal Commission's
making
wax The 'purchase' is part of the deal,
Federal Communication
D. million
renderingsrate as a part
of popular of apublic to
deal make
figures. not the amount of money. Hence,
telephone cuts,
ADVSC278 E.
C. The government's predictionwill
C. million
well as
known part
as of
much a deal that
because make
of for
her the usage of 'which' is incorrect.
is,
eccentric
consumers and businesses making aher
personality as she was for largeskillful
wax renderings of popular
number of long-distance calls, costs will be public figures.
D. as well
greatly knownby
reduced forthe having
recent an eccentric
personality
telephone as
rate having
cuts skillfully
made by rendered
the Federal
Scientists at thefigures
Los Alamos National
popular public
Communications in
Commission, wax.
Laboratory have succeeded for the first time in
E.
D. as
Forwell known
consumers for
andher eccentric
businesses personality
that make as much X as Y' requires X and Y to
mining heat from the Earth’s interior and
as fornumber
large her skillful wax renderings
of long-distance of scale,
calls, be parallel. 'because of having' is
producing energy on a commercial
ADVSC279 popular
the public
government figures.
prediction that of theelectricity
Federal incorrect.
enough for efficient generation
Communication's
and heating factories recentandtelephone
homes.
rate
A. andcuts will greatly
producing reduce
energy on costs,
a commercial
E. For
scale, consumers
enough for and businesses
efficient generation making a
of with
Taste buds areofonion-shaped structures
large number
electricity50 and long-distance
heating calls, the
between and 100 taste cells, eachtelephone
of them
government
B. and producing predicts enoughthat energy
the recenton a
has finger like projections poking through the
rate cutslocated
commercial thatscale
theatforFederal
electricity totaste
be bud
opening the top of the
Communications
generated efficiently Commission
and to heat has made will
called the taste pore.
ADVSC280 greatly
C. for reduce
energy costs,
production on a commercial Correct answer.
A. them has finger like projections poking
scale,
through enough for generating
the opening located electricity
at the top of
efficiently
the taste bud andcalled
to heat the taste pore
D. to produce energy
B. them that have finger on alike commercial
projections scale,
that Does not make logical sense.
enough
poke for generating
through an opening electricity
located at the 'Scientists have succeeded for the
efficiently
top of the and tastefor bud, heating
which they call the taste first time in producing energy …' is
E. to
pore produce enough energy on a commercial illogical. 'efficient generation of …'
scale for efficient generation
C. which has finger like projections of poking is not parallel to 'heating …'.
ADVSC281 electricity
through theand heat called the taste pore,
opening, Better use 'the heating …'
located at the top of taste bud
D.
To which
meet the havingrising finger like projections
marketing demand for thatfish
pokeseafood,
and throughsuppliers
an opening, are which
growing is called
fish
the
twicetaste pore,
as fast as located
their natural at thegrowthtop of the rate,taste
bud
cutting their feed allotment by nearly half and each of them has' introduces a
E. which
raising haveon
them finger
special likediets.
projections that are run-on sentence. 'called the taste
poking
A. theirthrough
natural growthan opening rate,located
cutting at their feed pore' modifies 'taste bud' and not
ADVSC282 the top of the taste bud called the taste pore
allotment 'opening'.
B. their natural growth rate, their feed
allotment cut
C. growing them naturally, cutting their feed
allotment
D. they grow naturally, cutting their feed
allotment
E. they grow naturally, with their feed twice as fast as + rate' is
ADVSC283 allotment cut redundant.
 Unlike using spices for cooking, in medicinal
usage they are taken in large quantities in
order to treat particular maladies.
A. Unlike using spices for cooking, in medicinal
usage they are taken
B. unlike spices that are used in cooking, in
using spices forStephen
Paleontologist medicine, Jaythey
Gould arehas
takenargued
C. Unlike
that manycooking
biological with spices,
traits are taking
not thespices for
medicinal
products ofuse is done
natural selection, favored due to
D. In cooking,
their enhancement of small quantities
reproduction of spices
or are
used, whereas in medicinal usage
survival, but that they are simply random by- spices
are taken of other evolutionary
products
E. In cooking, the usage of spices is in small
developments. Faulty comparison. 'using spices ..'
quantities,
A. due to their enhancement of reproduction is compared to 'spices'. (an action
whereas in medicinal usage
ADVSC284 they
or are taken
survival, but with
that which
they are is compared to a noun.)
Hydrocarbons, fruit flies perfume
B. due to the reproduction or survival they
themselves inthey
species-specific blends, are
enhance, but are in courtship,
known to be important and
C.
Thebecause they
Environmental enhance reproduction
Protection Agency or
apparently this assists flies that taste the
survival,
frequently butputs mandatory controls
hydrocarbons onenhance
prospective mates to toxic
on
D. because
substances they
that present reproduction
as little riskthat or
as one
distinguish their own species from of in a
survival,
million but
chances are to cause cancer.
others.
E.
A. because of enhancing areproduction
A. as little
and risk
apparently as one thisinassists
million that or
flieschances to the due to' is a noun modifier and
taste
ADVSC285 survival,
cause but are hence cannot modify 'favored'.
hydrocarbons on prospective
B. as little risk as one chance
mates to distinguish their own species from in a million of
causing
that of If we remove the intervening
C. as
B. andlittle risk as one
apparently thischance
assists infliesa million
when theythat it modifiers, we get - 'toxic
will
tastecause
the hydrocarbons on prospective substances that present risk to
D.
mates in distinguishing their own species from cause cancer'. Incorrect. 'to' is an
a risk as little as one chance in a million for
causing
those of infinitive. Used to denote
E. awhich
C. risk as little as one
apparently chance
assists fliesinthata million
tastesfortheit intention. 'one in a million
ADVSC286 to cause
hydrocarbons on prospective mates in chances' is incorrect.
being able to distinguish their own species this' is a demonstrative pronoun
from
If current trends continue, by the year 2010 and as such functions as an
D. apparently
carbon emissions assisting
in theflies to taste
United Statesthewill soar adjective. So, this option does not
hydrocarbons
to a level moreon prospective
than one-thirdmates highertothan answer the question 'this what?'
distinguish
were those their
in 1990,ownaccording
species from those of
to official 'that of' is nonsensical. 'distinguish
E. apparently assisting flies that taste the
projections. from species of others' does not
hydrocarbons
A. will soar to aonlevel prospective
more than mates in
one-third make sense. Also,'that' cannot
ADVSC287 distinguishing
higher than were those their own species from refer to the plural 'species'.
B. will soar to a level more than one-third
higher than that
C. would soar to a level more than one-third
higher than isUnited
was States cities, where a river
Unlike many
D. would soar totaxes,
a level more than
So-called
is no longer greenthe focal which
point urbanaone-third
ofexact price for
life,
higher
the use than
of those
polluting or nonrenewable fuels, than' requires parallelism. Here,
the river in SantoAntonio windsthan through the
E. would
are having
middle soar
a positive
of the a level
business more
effect on the
district, and the River 'level'
one-third must be compared to 'level'.
ADVSC288 higher than
environmental they were
and natural resource base of Hence,'those' is incorrect.
Walk, or Pasco del Rio, is the city's most
countries
popular attraction.
as varied many
A. Unlike as China, Unitedthe States
Netherlands, and a
cities, where
Hungary.
river is no longer the focal point of urban
A.
life,asthe
varied
riverasin San Antonio
B.
B. Unlike theasriver
as varied are in many cities in the United
C. as varied as those
Stated, which is no longer of the local Correct answer. 'countries' is
D. thatofare
point as varied
urban life, inasSan Antonio the river parallel to 'china, the Netherlands,
ADVSC289 E.
C. that
Today arethevaried
river asin are
many cities in the United and Hungary'.
States is no longer the focal point of
urban life, unlike San Antonio, where it
D. In few United States cities today, a river is
the focal point of urban life, but the river
in SanAntonio
E. No longer do many cities in United States Faulty comparison. 'cities' are
have a river as the focal point of urban compared to 'the river in San
ADVSC290 life, but in San Antonio the river Antonio.'
 C. KatharinetoGraham
amounting about $72, became publisher of The
as compared
Washington
with comparably equipped carsonly
Post in 1963, and and trucks this
after
year. that did it move into the first rank of
American
B. newspapers,
The automobile company having won high that
announced
praise
the average underprice her command
of next year’s cars and
D.
trucksMovingwould into the firstfour-tenths
decrease rank of American of one
newspaper
percent, or about $72, from thatGraham
only after Katharine of
became its publisher
comparably equippedinmodels 1963, The this Washington
year.
Post,
C. Thewinning
automobile high praise
company under her
announced that
command
there would be a decrease of four-tenths
E.
of Moving
one percent into the in nextfirstyear’s
rank of American
models price, or
newspapers
The
about proliferation
$72, belowonly of afterso-called
this Katharine
year’s cybersquatters,
Graham's
becoming
people
comparably who itsequipped
register
publisher the inInternet
cars 1963, The
domain
and trucks.
Washington
names
D. of
Compared high-profile
Post won
to comparably companies
high praise in
equippedunder
hopes herof
models
ADVSC291 Although
command
reselling at
the one
rights timeto children’s
those names programming
for a Correct answer.
this year, the automobile company
had
profit, beenled limited
tothat
passing to aaverage
fewAnti-Cybersquatting
the hours a of next
announced the price as compared with …' modifies the
week,
Consumer now,Protection
however, there
Act inare at least
1999, allowingfour
year’s cars and trucks would decrease 'average price'. Faulty comparison
cable
companies networks to seed thatfour-
updedicate
totenths
$100000themselves
in damages
about $72, less by of one percent.
forcars -'amounting
comparing prices to vehicles.
entirely
against to shows
those who produced
register specifically
domain names
E. Contrasted with comparably equipped to about $72'
children.
with the sole intent of selling them later.
and trucks of this year, the automobile incorrectly modifies 'the average
A.
A. Although
passing theat Anti-Cybersquatting
one time children’s Consumer
company announced that the average price of price of this year's models'. Does
programming
Protection Act had
in been
1999, limited
allowing to a few hours not answer the question 'decrease
next year’s models would decrease
aA study on couples'
companies to seed retirement
up totook
$100000 transitions
in damages
ADVSC292 about
found $72,
that or
womenfour- who tenths of one
new percent.
jobs after by 0.4% from that of what?'
week,
against now,however,
those who there
register are
domainat least four
retiring from
cable networks their that primary careers reported
names with the sole dedicate
intent of selling them later.
high marital
themselves satisfaction, more so than those
B. the passage of the Anti-Cybersquatting
who
B. retired
With completely.
children’s programming having
Consumer Protection Act in retired
1999, whichbeen
A. more
limited so
at than
one timethose to awhofew hours a
allows companies tothan
seedif up tohad
$100000 in
B.
week,which now was at more
least fourwho they
cable networks retiredhave
damages against those register
C. more names
than when retiring intent that they Correct
dedicated themselves answer. 'so' can refer to
domain with the sole
D.
C. more
Once than
limited if they
to a were
few to
hours retire
a week, there the entire clause. Also, there is
will sell. was more so than those retiring
ADVSC293 E.
are which
now at least four cable networks with perfect parallelism with 'than'.
C. the passage in 1999 of the Anti-
children’s programming
Cybersquatting Consumer that dedicateAct,
Protection
themselves
which allows companies to seed up to $100000
D. Children’sagainst
in damages programming those who was once limited to
aregister
few hours a week,
domain names with the but now there
soleare intent of
at least
selling four cable networks dedicated
Diesel engines burn as much as 30% less
E.
D. While children’s
thegasoline
Anti-Cybersquatting programming Consumer oncefuel
had size, Usage of past perfect 'had been' is
than engines of comparable as
been limited to a few hours a week, at gas and incorrect.
Protection Act, which was passed in 1999, and 'Although'
Usage of -ing form is +incorrect
'however' is
well as emitting far less carbon dioxide
ADVSC294 least four cable networks
it fewer of the other gasses that have are now dedicated incorrect.
here. When an action noun exists
far
allows companiesinto
been implicated seek warming.
global up to $100000 in and the agent who performs the
damages
A. of comparable size , as well as emitting far action is not the subject, then the
against those who register
domain
less carbon names dioxidewithgas theand solefarintent
fewer toofsell usage of -ing form is not
E. the
the Anti-Cybersquatting
other gasses that have Consumer preferred. (Hence, 'led to passing'
Protection
B. of comparable Act, passed size, as in well
1999, asand
emitit far
allows
less is incorrect.) The modifier at the
companies
carbon dioxide to seek gas and up tofar $100000
fewer ofinthe damages end - 'allowing companies ...'
against those
other gasses having who register domain modifies the subject of the main
ADVSC295 names
C. with the sole
of comparable size,intent
and also of selling
they emit far clause - 'the proliferation'.
fewer carbon dioxide and other gasses
that have
D. that
First have a comparable
discovered more than size, and also
30 years ago, they
Lina's
emit far fewer
sunbird, of the other gasses
a four-and-a-half-inch animal
having
found in the Philippines and that resembles a
E. that have a comparable
hummingbird, has shimmering size, metallic
as well as Correct answer. 'as well as
emitting
colors onfarits fewer
head; of the other
a brilliant gassespatch,
orange emitting …' serves as a modifier to
ADVSC296 having
bordered with red tufts, in the center of its 'diesel engines'
breast; and a red eye.
A. found in the Philippines and that resembles
B. found in the Philippines and that, resembling
C. found in the Philippines and resembling
D. that is found in the Philippines and it found' is a past participle.
resembles 'resembles' is a verb - not parallel.
E. that is found in the Philippines and that, 'that + resembles' is not parallel to
ADVSC297 resembling anything.
 A. imposing stricter limits on medical services
and requiring doctors to see more
patients, and spend
B. imposing stricter limits on medical services,
requiring doctors to see more patients,
and spending
C. that impose
Because she knew stricter
many limits on leaders
of the medicalof
services,
colonial require doctors to see more
A decade after initiating the nation'sRevolution
America and the American most
patients,
personally,
comprehensiveand spend
Mercy andOtis Warren was
aggressive continually
antismoking
D. that
at or
program, impose
near stricter
thecapita
per center oflimits on medical
political
consumption events
of cigarettes
services
from
in and require
1765 todeclined
California doctors
1789, a vantage
from over to see
125more
point combining
packs
patients,
with
annually spending
her talent
per for writing
person to about to make
60, a her
dropone
more
E.
of that
than impose
thetwice
most stricter
asvaluable
great limits
the on
ashistorians
in medical
of
nationthe a whole. Usage of 'spend' is incorrect.
asear
services,
A. per
A. a vantagerequiring
capita point doctors of
combining
consumption to cigarettes
see
withmore
her talent
in 'spend' is not logically parallel to
ADVSC298 patients and
for writingdeclined
California spending
to make from over 125 packs anything.
B. a vantage point, when combined
annually per person to about 60, a drop more with her
talent for writing,
than twice as greatthatas made
C. aannual
B. vantage perpoint
capitathat combined with
consumption her
of cigarettes
talent
in for writing,
California declinedandfrom
it madeover 125 packs to
D. and60,
about thismore
vantagethanpoint,
twicewhich combined
as great as that with
her
C. California's annual per capita consumption Incorrect. Seems to suggest that
talent for writing to make
E. and
of this vantage
cigarettes declined point,
fromcombined
over 125 with
packsher
per the vantage point itself was
ADVSC299 talent for
person to writing,
about 60, made
more than twice as great combining with her talent.
as the drop "after initiating …" should refer
D. California has seen per capita consumption to "California". "per capita + per
of cigarettes decline from over 125 packs person" is redundant. "a drop
annually to about 60, a drop more than twice more than twice as great as in
as great as that the nation as a whole." - Not
E. California has seen annual per capita parallel.
consumption of cigarettes decline from over
125 packs per person to about 60, more than
ADVSC300 twice as great as that
Correct answer.
Africa’s black rhino population in the mid-
1970’s numbered about 2,000, ten times the
estimated population of 200 in 1997.
A. the estimated population
B. that of their estimated population
C. more than the population’s estimated
amount
D. more black rhinos than their population
estimate
E. more than that of their population’s
ADVSC301 estimated amount
Correct Answer. (employment
Employment costs rose 2.8 percent in the 12 costs rose in the 12 months that
months that ended in September, slightly less ended in September slightly less
than they did in the year that ended in the than they did [rise] in the year …)
previous quarter.they are genetically engineered
Simply because
A.
doeslessnot
than theyit did
make any more likely for plants to
B. less than
become it did according to a decade-long
an invasive
C. lesspublished
study than theyin were
the journal Nature.
D. lower than
A. because they are genetically engineered
ADVSC302 E. lower
does notthan
makethey were
it any more likely for plants to
B. because it is genetically engineered does not "because they are genetically
make a plant any more likely to engineered" cannot function as a
C. being genetically engineered does not make subject (for this - does not make it
it any more likely that plants will any more likely …)
D. being genetically engineered does not make
a plant any more likely to
E. being genetically engineered does not make
ADVSC303 a plant any more likely that it will become
 salaries of teachers continue to lag far behind
other college-educated professionals, because
they make an average of nearly $8,000 a year
less at the start of their careers and almost
$24,000 less a year by the time they reach the
age of 50.
A. other college-educated professionals,
because they make an average of nearly $8,000 Wrong comparison of salaries to
a year less at the start of their careers and professionals. "comma + because"
almost $24,000 less is incorrect. Only subordinate
B. other college-educated professionals, by an clauses that start a sentence can
average of nearly $8,000 a year at the start of be separated by commas.
their careers, to almost $24,000
C. what other college-educated professionals
are paid—making an average of nearly $8,000
a year less at the start of their careers and
almost $24,000 less
D. those of other college-educated
professionals—by
A an average
recent poll indicates of nearly
that many people$8,000
in the
a year at
United the start
States holdof their careers of
a combination to almost
$24,000 less and liberal political views; i.e.,
conservative
E. those
they of otherbig
denounce college-educated
government, saying
professionals—by
government an too
is doing average
muchofand
nearly
has $8,000
become
a year
too at the start
powerful, whileofat
their
the careers,
same timeand by
ADVSC304 almost $24,000
supporting many specific government
programs for health car, education, and Correct answer. If we remove the
environment. intervening modiifier, the
A. they denounce big government, saying structure is - "they denouce big
government is doing too much and has become government while at the same
too powerful, while at the same time time supporting many specific
supporting government programs …"
B. they denounce big government—they say
that government is doing too much and has
become too powerful—but supporting at the
same time
C. they denounce big government, they say
that government is doing too much and it has
become too powerful, while they support at
the same time
D. while they denounce big government, saying
that government is doing too much and has
become too powerful, at the same time
supporting E. while
they are denouncing big government—they say
that government is doing too much and it has
become too powerful—supporting at the same
ADVSC305 time
 Like any star of similar mass would do, once the
Sun has exhausted the hydrogen in its store, it
expands into a red giant, eventually ejecting its
outer envelope of gases to become a white "like" should not be followed by
dwarf. clauses. "like any star" should be
A. Like any star of similar mass would do, once immediately followed by a noun
the Sun has exhausted the hydrogen in its that it modifies/compares. The
store, it expands into a red giant, eventually intervening modifier "once" makes
ejecting this sentence incorrect. Finally,
B. Like any star of similar mass, once the "eventually ejecting …" is incorrect
hydrogen in the Sun’s core is exhausted, then it as a modifier to "it expands into a
expands into a red giant and eventually ejects red giant". Comma + -ing forms
C. As in the case of any star of similar mass, must be immediate consequences
once the hydrogen in the Sun’s core is of the main action. Using
exhausted,
As it is withittraditional
will expand pharmacies, onlineand "eventually" suggests otherwise.
into a red giant,
eventually ejecting
drugstores rely on prescriptions to be
D. As any star
successful, since
of similar
it is primarily
mass would,
prescriptions
once the
hydrogen
that attractinthe
thecustomers,
Sun’s core is whoexhausted
then also it will
buy
expand
other health-related
into a red giant items.
and will eventually
eject
A. As it is with traditional pharmacies, online
E. As wouldrely
drugstores be the
on prescriptions
case with anytostar be of similar
mass, once the Sun exhausts the hydrogen in
successful
its As
B. core,
withit will
the expand
case of traditional
into a red giant
pharmacies,
and
ADVSC306 eventually
online drugstores
eject rely on prescriptions to have
success "it" does not have a referent.
C. As is the case with traditional pharmacies,
prescriptions are the cornerstone of a
successful online drugstore
D. As traditional pharmacies, so online
drugstores rely on prescriptions to be
successful
E. Like traditional pharmacies, the cornerstone
ADVSC307 Radiocarbon
of a successful dating
onlineofdrugstore
fossils taken from caves
is prescriptions
on islands along southeastern Alaska’s coast radiocarbon dating is singular.
suggest that at least a portion of the area was Hence, usage of "suggest" is
remaining ice-free during the last ice age. incorrect. The usage of past
A. suggest that at least a portion of the area continuous "was remaining" is not
was remaining required since we are referring to
B. suggest at least a portion of the area a specific time period "during the
remaining last ice age". We need the simple
C. suggests that at least a portion of the area past.
remained
D. suggests at least a portion of the area that
had remained
E. suggests at least a portion of the area to
ADVSC308 have remained
 Modifier incorrectly refers to
Youth canonous

Appearing to be the only candidate whose

Ranked among
views would begreat mathematical
acceptable scientists
to its membership,
such as Archimedes,
the Youth Kepler,endorsed
Canorous finally and Newton,
GorgeAbu
for
Ali
cityal-Hasan
council. ibn al-Haytham, who was born in
Iraq in 965 C.E.,
A. Appearing to had
be experimented extensively
with light and
B. Seeming to vision,
be laying the foundation for
modern
C. Becauseoptics and also the
he appeared notion of science
to be
being basedhe
D. Because onseemed
experiment as well as on
ADVSC309 philosophical
E. Being arguments.
A. al-Haytham, who was born in Iraq in 965 Usage of past perfect "had
C.E., had experimented extensively with light experimented" is not required.
and vision, laying the foundation for modern "notion of science being based on
optics and also the notion of science being experiment" is incorrect. This
based on experiment as well as refers to only that science that is
B. al-Haytham, born in Iraq in 965 C.E., based on experiment. Moreover,
experimented extensively with light and vision, removing "being" does not change
laying the foundation for modern optics and for the meaning. Hence, it is
the notion that science should be based on redundant.
experiment as well as
C. al-Haytham, born in Iraq in 965 C.E., and
who experimented extensively with light and
vision, thereby laid the foundation for modern
optics and also for the notion that science
should be based on not only experiment but
also D. al-Haytham was born in
Iraq in 965 C.E., and had experimented
extensively with light and vision, laying the
foundation for modern optics and for the
notion that science should be based on not
only experiment but also
E. al-Haytham was born in Iraq in 965 C.E.,
experimenting extensively with light and vision
and laying the foundation for modern optics
and for the notion of science being based on
ADVSC310 experiment as well as
 repertory, views on musical collaboration, and
vocal style were influential on generations of
bluegrass artists, was also an inspiration to
many musicians, that included Elvis Presley and
Jerry Garcia, whose music differed significantly
from his own.
A. were influential on generations of bluegrass
artists, was also an inspiration to many "musicians, that included …" -
musicians, that included Elvis Presley and Jerry note that the restrictive modifier
Garcia, whose music differed significantly from "that" cannot be separated by
B. influenced generations of bluegrass artists, commmas. Moreover, we do not
also inspired many musicians, including Elvis use "that" to refer to people
Presley and Jerry Garcia, whose music differed (musicians).
significantly from
C. were influential to generations of bluegrass
artists, was also an inspiration to many
musicians, that included Elvis Presley and Jerry
Garcia, whose music was different significantly
in comparison to
D. were influential to generations of bluegrass
artists, also inspired many musicians, who
include Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, the music
of whom differed significantly when compared
to
E. were an influence on generations of
bluegrass artists, was also an inspiration to
many musicians, including Elvis Presley and
Jerry Garcia, whose music differed significantly
ADVSC311 from that
While theyofremove carbon dioxide from the air,
conserve soil and water, and house thousands the part after "and" reads (the
of species, forests also supply potentially subject "forests" is implied) -
valuable pharmaceuticals, and, as sources of "and [forests], as as sources of
building material and firewood, that provide building material and firewood,
employment for millions worldwide. that provide" - is a sentence
A. pharmaceuticals, and, as sources of building fragment.
material and firewood, that provide
B. pharmaceuticals, and sources of building
material and firewood, are providers of
C. pharmaceuticals and, as sources of building
Unlike
material the other
and majorthat
firewood planets, Pluto has a
are provide
highly eccentric orbit,
D. pharmaceuticals andwhich is thusofcloser
as sources to
building
the Sun than
material Neptune isfor
and firewood, forproviding
20 years out of
every 230-year cycle,
E. pharmaceuticals even
and, as though
sourcesitofisbuilding
ADVSC312 commonly
material and described asprovide
firewood, the remotest planet in
the solar system. "which" should have referred to
A. Pluto has a highly eccentric orbit, which is "Pluto". Here, it refers to "highly
thus closer to the Sun than Neptune is eccentric orbit" - "highly
B. Pluto has a highly eccentric orbit and is thus eccentric orbit is thus closer to
closer to the Sun than Neptune is the Sun than Neptune is for 20
C. Pluto’s orbit is highly eccentric and is thus years …" - does not make sense.
closer to the Sun than Neptune
D. the orbit of Pluto is highly eccentric and thus
closer to the Sun than Neptune
E. the orbit of Pluto is highly eccentric, thus
ADVSC313 closer to the Sun than Neptune is
 "because" implies a cause-and-
effect scenario. This is not the
intended meaning. "instead of the
wrist" can refer either to "cartilage
rod" or to "elbow". Ambiguous.

The parachutelike membranes of Africa’s scaly-

tailed flying squirrels differ from those of the
flying squirrels in the family Sciuridae because
they are attached to a cartilage rod at the
elbow instead of the wrist.
A. because
The survivalthey are attached
of coral colonies, to a cartilage
which are rod
at the elbow
composed of instead of
innumerable tiny polyps living in
B. because of
a symbiotic being attached
relationship to a cartilage
with brilliantly rod
colored
at the elbow rather than at
algae, are being threatened, experts say, not
C. in by
only their attachment
pollutants like to a cartilagerunoff,
agricultural rod atoil
the
elbow and
sticks, instead
trash,of but
being attached
also at anchors,
by dropped
D. in thatdrivers,
probing they are attached
and global to a cartilage rod at
the elbow
warming. rather than at
E. in
A. aretheir
beingbeing attachedexperts
threatened, to a cartilage
say, notrod at
only
ADVSC314 thepollutants
by elbow instead like of
B. are being threatened, experts say, by not "like" is used incorrectly for stating
only pollutants such as examples. We need to use "such
C. is not only being threatened, experts say, by as". "survival" is singular.
pollutants such as
D. is not only being threatened, experts say, by
pollutants like E. is being
threatened, experts say, not only by pollutants
ADVSC315 such as
 "sometimes from the mainland
and sometimes they come from
…" - a clause is placed In parallel
to a phrase

Once made exclusively from the wool of sheep

that roam the Isle of Lewis and Harris off the
coast of Scotland, Harris tweed is now made
only with wools that are imported, sometimes
from the mainland and sometimes they come
—as a result of a 1996 amendment to the
Harris Tweed Act— from outside Scotland.
A. sometimes from the mainland and
sometimes they come
B. sometimes from the mainland and
sometimes
C. that come sometimes from the mainland or
sometimes
D. from the mainland sometimes, or
sometimes it comes
E. from the mainland sometimes, or sometimes
ADVSC316 coming
"and who was fundamental …" is
While Hans Holbein the Younger is most often not parallel to anything else. This
identified with his English portraits, scholars also makes this option a sentence
have long been recognizing him as a superb fragment.
draftsman and a remarkably versatile artist and
who was fundamental in synthesizing the
novelties of the Italian Renaissance with the
tradition of Northern Europe.
A. been recognizing him as a superb draftsman
and a remarkably versatile artist and who
B. been recognizing him for being a superb
draftsman and a remarkably versatile artist and
he
C. recognized him as a superb draftsman and a
remarkably versatile artist who
D. recognized him as a superb draftsman and a
remarkably versatile artist and he
E. recognized him for being a superb draftsman
ADVSC317 and a remarkably versatile artist and who
 skull, come what scientists know about
dinosaur brains.
A. From studies of the bony house of the brain,
which is the cranium, located in the back of the
skull, come what scientists know about
dinosaur brains.
B. The knowledge of dinosaur brains that
scientists have come from studies of the bony the subject is this - "what
house of the brain, located in the back of the scientists know about dinosaur
skull, that is, the cranium brains". This is singular. Hence,
C. The knowledge that scientists know about usage of "come" is incorrect. Note
dinosaur brains comes from studies of the bony that a prepositional phrase "from
house of the brain, which is located in the back studies of the bony house of the
of the skull and is called the cranium brain" can NEVER contain the
subject of a main clause.
D. What scientists know
about dinosaur brains comes from studies of
the cranium, the bony house of the brain
located in the back of the skull
E. Located in the back of the skull is the
cranium, the bony house of the brain, and it is
from studies of this that scientists know what
ADVSC318 they know about dinosaur brains
"raise" should be replaced by
"rise". "over and above" is
redundant. "presently + now" is
redundant.

During the last interglacial period, the climate

on the Earth was warmer than it is today, and
the consequent melting of the polar ice caps
caused the sea level to raise about 60 feet over
and above what its height presently is now.
A. sea level to raise about 60 feet over and
above what its height presently is now
B. sea level to be raised over its height
presently about 60 feet
C. sea level to rise about 60 feet above its
present height
D. level of the seas to rise over and above its
present height about 60 feet
E. level of the seas to be raised over their
ADVSC319 height, now about 60 feet
 "in hoping" incorrectly modifies
interest rates instead of british
policy makers. "borrow for
businesses" suggests that
somebody else is borrowing for
the sake of businesses.

In hoping to restrain economic growth, interest

rates were raised by British policymakers,
making it more expensive to borrow for
businesses and consumers.
A. In hoping to restrain economic growth,
interest rates were raised by British
policymakers, making it more expensive to
borrow for businesses and consumers.
B. Making it more expensive for businesses and
consumers to borrow, interest rates were raised
by British policymakers, in hopes of their
restraining economic growth.
C. In making borrowing for businesses and
consumers more expensive, British
policymakers, in hopes they will restrain
economic growth, had raised interest rates.
In
D. an effort torestraining
Hopefully increase profits, the growth,
economic company
moved itself from emphasizing
British policymakers its chemicals
raised interest rates,
business
making moreto expand into high-growth
expensive borrowing by
pharmaceuticals and futuristic biotechnologies.
businesses and consumers.
A. itself from
E. Hoping emphasizing
to restrain its chemicals
economic growth, British
business to expand
policymakers raised interest rates, making it
B. itself
more from emphasizing
expensive its chemicals
for businesses and consumers
ADVSC320 business
to borrow. then to expanding
C. from an emphasis on its chemicals business "from X to Y" requires parallelism
and to expanding D. from between X and Y.
an emphasis on its chemicals business and to
expand
E. from emphasizing its chemicals business to
ADVSC321 expanding
Wrong comparison between
"people" and "running three days
a week". "running three days a
week saves an average of 14.1
Compared to those who do not, running three percent on health-care costs …" -
days a week saves an average of 14.1 percent for whom? Not clear.
on health-care costs each year in the United
States.
A. Compared to those who do not, running
three days a week saves
B. Compared with nonrunners, people who run
three days a week save
C. Compared to not running, those running for
three days a week save
D. When compared with those who do not,
people running three days a week save
E. When compared to nonrunners, running
ADVSC322 three days a week saves
 In the United States, while the number of
foreign-born residents and their children is
higher than ever, the percentage of the
population they represent is not, in 1910 this "when compared to …" suggests
group made up 35 percent of the population that the group made up 35
when compared to 20 percent in 2000. percent of the population ONLY
A. population when compared to 20 percent in WHEN compared to 20% in 2000.
2000
B. population as compared to 2000, when it
was 20 percent C.
population, comparing it with 20 percent in
2000
D. population, unlike 2000, with 20 percent
E.
Aspopulation,
with those ofcompared
humans,with 20 percent
the DNA in
of grape
ADVSC323 2000
plants contains sites where certain unique
sequences of nucleotides are repeated over "those" cannot refer to the
and over. singular noun "DNA". Moreover,
A. As with those of humans, the DNA of grape the DNA of grape plants are not
plants contains sites where WITH DNA of humans. Here,
B. As human DNA, the DNA of grape plants "where" can mean "at which" or
contain sites in which "in which". We are not sure what
C. As it is with human DNA, the DNA of grape the intended meaning is here.
plants, containing sites in which
D. Like human, the DNA of grape plants contain
sites where
E. Like human DNA, the DNA of grape plants
ADVSC324 contains sites in which
the idiomatic structure is "the
more X, the more Y" - X and Y
must be perfectly parallel. This
violates the rule by adding "than"
and shfiting "the more likely" to
somewhere in the middle of the
sentence.

A new study finds that the more hostility

people show in their behavior and attitudes,
then calcium deposits are more likely to be in
the arteries of their hearts.
A. then calcium deposits are more likely to be
B. then the more likely calcium deposits are
C. the more there are likely to be calcium
deposits
D. the more likely they are to have calcium
deposits
E. the more likely there are to be calcium
ADVSC325 deposits
 Correct answer.

The United States will be affected by whether

Taiwan develops a closer relationship with
mainland China or preserves the status quo,
since the island nation is the United States’
seventh-largest trading partner.
A. The United States will be affected by
whether Taiwan develops a closer relationship
with mainland China or preserves the status
quo B. Whether or
not Taiwan develops a closer relationship with
mainland China or preserves the status quo
affecting the United States
C. Whether or not Taiwan develops a closer
relationship with mainland China or the status
quo is preserved,
The computer it will affect
company the strong
reported United States
D.
second-quarter earnings that surpassedTaiwan
It affects the United States whether Wall
will develop
Street’s a closer
estimates andrelationship
announcedwith the mainland
first in a
China
series or of preserves
price cuts the statusto
intended quo
increase sales
E. It affects
further. the United States whether or not
Taiwan will develop a closer relationship
A. The computer company reported strong with
ADVSC326 mainland China or preserve the status
second-quarter earnings that surpassed Wall quo
Street’s estimates and announced the first in a Correct answer.
series of price cuts intended to increase sales
further.
B. The report of the computer company
showed strong second-quarter earnings,
surpassing Wall Street’s estimates, and they
announced the first in a series of price cuts
that they intend to increase sales further.
C. Surpassing Wall Street’s estimates, the
report of the computer company showed
strong second-quarter earnings, and, for the
purpose of increasing sales further, they
announced the first in a series of price cuts.
D. The computer company reported strong
second-quarter earnings, while announcing the
first in a series of price cuts for the purpose of
increasing sales further that surpass Wall
Street’s estimates.
E. The computer company, surpassing Wall
Street’s estimates, reported strong second-
quarter earnings, while announcing that to
increase sales further, there would be the first
ADVSC327 in a series of price cuts.
 Correct answer.

Even though her career was cut short when she

was in her prime and the fifteen recordings she
made were disappointing artistically as well as
technically, Olive Fremstad (1871-1951) has
never been entirely forgotten by opera
aficionados.
A. though her career was cut short when she
was in her prime and the fifteen recordings she
made were
B. though her career was cut short while in her
prime, with the fifteen recordings she made
C. as her career had been cut short when she
was in her prime, with the fifteen recordings
she had made
D. with her
career having been cut short when she was in
her prime, and the fifteen recordings she made
were
E. with her career cut short while in her prime,
ADVSC328 and that the fifteen recordings she made were
this suggests that the company's
purpose is controlling 15% of
The two oil companies agreed to merge their nation's gasoline sales. Not the
refining and marketing operations in the intended meaning.
Midwest and the West, forming a new
company for controlling nearly fifteen of the
nation’s gasoline sales.
A. forming a new company for controlling
B. forming a new company that would control
C. which would form a new company that
controlled
D. which formed a new company for controlling
E. which formed a new company that would
ADVSC329 control
 The ecosystems of barrier islands are extremely "like" cannot be used to state
vulnerable-whether from natural processes like examples. Also, "whether X or Y"
shoreline recession, rising sea levels, and requires parallelism between X
destructive hurricanes, or the ever-increasing and Y. this is violated here.
pressures of development. Moreover, we do not say
A. whether from natural processes like "vulnerable from". "vulnerable to"
shoreline recession, rising sea levels, and is the correct idiom. "vulnerable to
destructive hurricanes, or X OR Y" implies that ecosystems
B. whether from natural processes such as can be vulnerable either to X or to
shoreline recession, rising sea levels, and Y. Not the intended meaning.
destructive hurricanes, or also
C. to processes that are natural like shoreline
recession, rising sea levels, and destructive
hurricanes, and also
D. to processes that are natural ones like
shoreline recession, rising sea levels, and
destructive hurricanes, as well as to
E. to natural processes such as shoreline
recession, rising sea levels, and destructive
ADVSC330 hurricanes, as well as to
the sentence reads "they cite an
obstacle to congressional passage
+ modifier" - Does not make
sense. They did not cite an
"obstacle".

The 151 member governments of the World

Bank are expected to increase the bank’s
funding by $175 billion, though some United
States legislators cite an obstacle to
congressional passage being the concern that
the bank’s loans will help foreign producers
compete with American businesses.
A. an obstacle to congressional passage being
the concern
B. a concern as an obstacle to congressional
passage
C. as an obstacle to congressional passage the
concern
D. the concern, an obstacle to congressional
passage
E. as an obstacle for Congress to pass it the
ADVSC331 concern
 A Food and Drug Administration rule
implemented in December 2000 mandates that
any new drug that they intend to be used both
by adults and children must undergo pediatric
study and that its manufactures list children’s
doses on the label.
A. drug that they intend to be used both by "they" does not have an
adults and children must antecedent. "both by adults and
B. drug whose intended use is for adults and children" - not parallel.
Performing a
children as well risky maneuver that required "mandates that any drug must
precision flying, not only did space
C. drug intended for use by both adults and shuttle undergo" - Incorrect. Redundant.
astronauts
children retrieve an orbiting satellite, it was
done simultaneously
D. drug, if they intendwhile that itavoiding
be usedbeing rear-
by adults
ended by a passing
and also children, must ultraviolet telescope
E. drug, if intended A. for
notuseonlyboth
did by
space shuttle
adults and
ADVSC332 astronauts
children, mustretrieve an orbiting satellite, it was
done
simultaneously while avoiding "performing …" should refer to
B. not only was an orbiting satellite retrieved "space shuttle astronauts". "not
by spaceengineering
shuttle astronauts, but entails
they also only X but also Y" correlative
Genetic sometimes plant or conjunction is not used here.
simultaneously avoided
animal genes’ getting spliced into other
C.
species’ DNA, either towas
an orbiting satellite retrieved
improve cropby space
yields or
shuttle astronauts who also
for warding off insects or disease. avoided
simultaneously
A. plant or animal genes’ getting spliced into
D. space
other shuttle
species’ astronauts
DNA, either to retrieved
improvean crop
orbiting satellite, simultaneously
yields or for warding off while avoiding
E.
B. space shuttle
plant or animal astronauts
genes that retrieved an into
get spliced
ADVSC333 orbiting satellite and simultaneously
the DNA of other species, either for improving avoided
crop yields or the warding off of "either to improve crop yields or
C. the splicing of plant or animal genes into for warding of" - not parallel.
other species’ DNA, to either improve crop
yields or to ward off
D. splicing plant or animal genes into the DNA
of other species, either to improve crop yields
or to ward off
E. splicing of plant or animal genes into the
DNA of other species, for either the
ADVSC334 improvement
It seems likely of crop
that yields oroftoastronomical
a number ward off
phenomena, such as the formation of "likely + may be" is redundant.
planetary nebulas, may be caused by the "interaction of two stars where
interaction where two stars orbit each other at two stars …" - interaction is not a
close range. physical location.
A. may be caused by the interaction where two
stars orbit each other
B. may be caused by the interaction between
two stars that each orbit the other
C. are because of the interaction between two
stars that orbit each other
D. are caused by the interaction of two stars
where each is orbiting the other
E. are caused by the interaction of two stars
ADVSC335 orbiting each other
 Gasoline marketing is undergoing major
changes as stations often not only add
convenience stores but also combine with
major fast-food chains to build complexes
where customers can shop and eat as well as
buy gasoline. Correct answer.
A. not only add convenience stores but also
combine with major fast-food chains to build
B. not only add convenience stores but also
they combine with major fast-food chains to
build
C. are not only adding convenience stores but
also in combination with major fast-food chains
they build
D. add not only convenience stores, but also
combining with major fast-food chains to build
E. are not say
Scientists onlythat
adding
eachconvenience stores, but
of the photographs
also inofcombining
taken with major
the Ares Villas fast-food
plain by the Mars chains
ADVSC336 they build indicate the overwhelming extent to
Pathfinder
flooding on the planet billions of years ago and "each of the photographs" is
the degree that rocks were scattered by its singular. Hence, "indicate" is
force. incorrect. "indicate the
A. indicate the overwhelming extent to overwhelming extent to flooding"
flooding on the planet billions of years ago and - It must read "extent of flooding".
the degree that This structure is also incorrect --
B. indicate that the extent of the floods on the "indicate the degree that rocks
planet billions of years ago was overwhelming were scattered by its force". The
and the degree to which correct expression would use "the
C. indicate the overwhelming extent of the degree to which". ('to which'
floods on the planet billions of years ago and correctly indicates extent).
the degree to which
D. indicates the overwhelming extent of the
flooding on the planet billions of years ago and
the degree to which
E. indicates the overwhelming extent to
flooding on the planet billions of years ago and
ADVSC337 the degree that
"ensure + must" is redundant.

The federal rules aimed at protecting human

subjects of medical experiments were
established to ensure that patients must be
warned of potential risks and an independent
panel would evaluate the experiment before it
was conducted.
A. must be warned of potential risks and an
independent panel would
B. must be warned of potential risks and that
an independent panel
C. are warned about potential risks and that an
independent panel
D. will be warned about potential risks and an
independent panel would
E. would be warned of potential risks and that
ADVSC338 an independent panel would
 Correct answer. (the correct
answer is the best among the lot. I
think it is poorly written - "homes,
where lighting was still provided
by candles" - this refers to 100% of
the homes. Not to 99% of homes
where this fact was true at the
end of the 19th century).

According to two teams of paleontologists,

recent fossil discoveries in Pakistan show that
whales, porpoises, and dolphins are more
closely related to some of the oldest known
even-toed
In the major ungulates--a group of hoofed
cities of industrialized countries at
mammals
the end ofthat today includes
the nineteenth cows,important
century, camels,
pigs, and hippos—than to any other
public places such as theaters, restaurants, mammals.
A. that whales, porpoises, and dolphins
shops, and banks had installed electric lighting, are
more closely related to some of the
but electricity was in less than one percent of oldest
known
homes,even-toed ungulates—a
where lighting group of mainly
was still provided
hoofed mammals
by candles or gas. that today includes cows,
camels, pigs, and hippos—than
A. electricity was in less than one percent of
B. that whales,
homes, porpoises,
where lighting wasandstilldolphins are
more closely was
B. electricity related to some
in less of the
than one oldestof
percent
known even-toed
homes and lighting still ungulates—a group of
hoofed mammals that today include
C. there were less than one percent of homes cows,
camels, pigs, andwhere
with electricity, hippos—as
lighting was still being
C.
D. whales,
there was porpoises,
less thanand onedolphins
percent to of be more
homes
closely related to some of the oldest known
that had electricity, having lighting that was still
eventoed
E. less than ungulates—a
one percentgroup of hoofed
of homes had
ADVSC339 mammals that today include cows,
electricity, where lighting had still been camels,
pigs, and hippos—than they are
D. whales, porpoises, and dolphins as being Correct answer.
more closely related to some of the oldest
known even-toed ungulates—a group of
hoofed mammals that today includes cows,
camels,
When the pigs, and hippos—as
temperature they
of a gas are
is increased, it
E. whales, porpoises, and
is either accompanied by an increasedolphins as in
more
closely
pressure related to some
if the gas of the oldest
is enclosed known or
in a container,
eventoed
an increase ungulates—a
in volume ifgroupthe gasofishoofed
able to
mammals
expand. that today include cows, camels,
ADVSC340 pigs,
A. When and the
hippos—than
temperature of a gas is increased,
it is either accompanied by an increase in "either accompanied by an
pressure if the gas is enclosed in a container, or increase or an increase in
B. When the temperature of a gas is increased, volume …" is not parallel. The
it is accompanied either by an increase in pronoun "it" should have
pressure if it is enclosed in a container or referred to "increase in
C. When the temperature of a gas is increased, temperature". Hence, incorrect.
the increase is either accompanied by an "in a container, or an increase in
increase in pressure if the gas is enclosed in a volume …" - we do not use comma
container or by to separate two phrases
D. Any increase in the temperature of a gas is connected by a conjunction.
either accompanied by an increase in pressure
if it is enclosed in a container, or by
E. Any increase in the temperature of a gas is
accompanied either by an increase in pressure
ADVSC341 if the gas is enclosed in a container or by
 Correct answer. Note that "having
been prescribed …" refers to the
subject "some patients" and
describes HOW "some patients
may have received inadequate
treatment". However, unlike
"comma + -ing" modifiers, the
action described here happens
BEFORE "may have received
inadequate treatment".

Some patients who do not respond to

therapies for depression may simply have
received inadequate treatment, having, for
example, been prescribed a drug at a dosage
too low to be effective or having been taken off
a drug too soon.
A. having, for example, been prescribed a drug
at a dosage too low to be effective or having
been
B. having, for example, a drug prescription that
was ineffective because the dosage was too
low, or being
C. as, for example, having too low of a dosage
of a prescribed drug for it to be effective, or
being
D. when they have, for example, been
prescribed too low a drug dosage to be
effective, or were
E. for example, when they have a drug
prescription with a dosage too low to be
ADVSC342 The budget
effective, orfor education reflects the
been
administration's demand that the money is "demand that the money is
controlled by local school districts, but it can controlled" does not use the
only be spent on teachers, not on books, proper verb form for command
computers, or other materials or activities. subjunctive.
A. the money is controlled by local school
districts, but it can only be spent
B. the money be controlled by local school
districts, but it allows them to spend the
money only
C. the money is to be controlled by local school
districts, but allowing it only to be spent

D. local school
districts are in control of the money, but it
allows them to spend the money only
E. local school districts are to be in control of
ADVSC343 the money, but it can only spend it
 Constructed at least as early as the Sui dynasty
(A.D, 581-618). the Altar of Heaven is the
Exceeding
oldest known even theused
altar figures predicted
in Chinese by the
state
most optimistic
religious practice, financial
more than analysts,
1.000the years older "exceeding …" incorectly modifies
automobile
than a similar company had earnings
one in Beijing, it is theinonly
the first
altar company. "earnings that more
quarter that more than doubled
found so far that predates the Qing dynasty the previous than doubled the previous
quarter.
(A.D. 1644-1912). quarter" - this seems to imply that
A. Constructed
A. company hadatearnings least as in theas
early first
thequarter
Sui earnings doubled the previous
that
dynastymore than
(A.D. doubledthe Altar of Heaven is
581-618), quarter itself. Absurd.
B.
thecompany
oldest knownearned more
altar usedthan double instate
in Chinese the
first quarter what they were in
religious practice, more than 1,000 years older
C. company
than a similar had
one first quarter itearnings
in Beijing, is that
more than doubled
B. Constructed at leastthose in as the Sui
as early
D. company's
dynasty earnings inthe
(A.D. 581-618), theAltar
first of
quarter
Heaven, were
more than double
the oldest known altar used in Chinese state
E. company's
religious earnings
practice, is morein the
than first quarter
1,000 yearswere
ADVSC344 more than adouble
older than similarthoseone in ofBeijing and is
C. The Altar of Heaven, having been two complete clauses are
constructed at least as early as the Sui dynasty connected by a comma - "the
(A.D. 581-618) and the oldest known altar used Altar of Heaven is the oldest
in Chinese state religious practice, is more than known …" and "it is the only altar
1,000 years older than a similar one in Beijing found so far …".
and
D. The Altar of Heaven, which was constructed
at least as early as the Sui dynasty (A.D. 581-
618) and is the oldest known altar used in
Chinese state religious practice, more than
Whereas
1,000 years heat transferred
older than a similarbetween onethe ocean
in Beijing
and
and isthe atmosphere occurs more rapidly when
the ocean is warmer than the
E. The oldest known altar used in Chinese stateair, it is slow
when thepractice,
religious ocean ismore colder. than 1,000 years older
A.
thanWhereas
a similar heat
onetransferred
in Beijing, between
the Altar of the
ocean and the atmosphere
Heaven, which was constructed at least as occurs more rapidly
ADVSC345 when
early as the Sui dynasty (A.D. 581-618) andis is
the ocean is warmer than the air, it
slow when the ocean is colder.
B. "it" should have referred to
TheUnlike
rise ofthetheslow
Incanprocess
empire ofrested
heat transfer
not only on "transfer of heat". Here, it refers
between
the Incas' military might and the ability ofwhen
the ocean and the atmosphere their
the ocean is colder to "heat transferred between …".
rulers but also they thanimposedthe air, heat transfers
a highly organized This reads "heat + modifier is
more rapidly
economic andwhen the system
political ocean isonwarmer.many
C. The transfer slow ...". Does not make much
different ethnicof heat between
groups and permitting the ocean them and
to sense. Moreover, this option reads
the atmosphere is slow when
retain many of their customs and often their the ocean is
colder than the air and more rapid when the "heat + modifier occurs more
own leaders. rapidly …" - this does not make a
ocean
A. theyisimposed
warmer.a highly organized economic
D. lot of sense. It should have read
andTransferring
political systemheat between the oceanethnic
on many different and
"transfer of heat occurs more
the atmosphere occurs
groups and permitting them slowly when the ocean
is rapidly …"
B. on their imposition of a highly organized it
colder than the air and more rapidly when
is warmer.and political system on many
economic
E. When the
different ethnicocean is colder
groups, who thanwerethe permitted
atmosphere,
C. because of their imposition between
heat transferred of a highly them
occurs slowly, unlike the more
organized economic and political system on rapid transfer
ADVSC346 occurring
many whenethnic
different the ocean groups, is warmer.
who they
permitted not only… but also not parallel
D. on their imposing of a highly organized
economic and political system on many
different ethnic groups and they permitted
them
E. imposing a highly organized economic and
political system on many different ethnic
ADVSC347 groups, permitting them
 "which" incorrectly refers to
"North America". Note that the
modifier "causing plant and
animal extinctions" occurs in the
same time frame as the main verb
"marks" (present tense). Illogical.

Sixty-five million years ago, according to some

scientists, an asteroid bigger than Mount
Everest slammed into North America, which,
causing plant and animal extinctions, marks the
end of the geologic era known as the
Cretaceous Period.
A. which, causing plant and animal extinctions,
marks
B. which caused the plant and animal
Although
extinctionsthe vast constellation of small islands
marking
that
C. and causing plantPacific
dot the South has a population
and animal extinctionsof
only a few
that mark million people, it is home to aboutD.a
sixth of the world's 6,000 or so
an event that caused plant and animal languages.
A. Pacific hasand
extinctions, a population
it marks of only a few million
people, it is
E. an event that caused the plant and animal
ADVSC348 B. Pacific has
extinctions a population
that mark of only a few million
people, they are
C. Pacific is populated by only a few million correct answer.
people, and it is
D. Pacific, having a population of only a few
Complex humanistraits
million people, such as artistic talent or
nonetheless
social skillpopulated
E. Pacific, are likely to
bybe shaped
only a fewby thousands,
million
ADVSC349 if not tens
people, yetofthey
thousands,
are of the 80.000 or so
genes in the human genome.
A. such as artistic talent or social skill are likely Correct Answer.
to be shaped by thousands, if not tens of
thousands, of the 80,000 or so
B. such as artistic talent or social skill are likely
shaped by thousands, if not tens of thousands,
of 80,000 or so of the
C. such as artistic talent or social skill is likely to
be shaped by thousands, if not tens of
thousands, of 80,000 or so of the
D. like artistic talent or social skill is likely to be
shaped by thousands, if not tens of thousands,
of the 80,000 or so
E. like artistic talent or social skill are likely
shaped by thousands, if not tens of thousands,
ADVSC350 of the 80,000 or so
 During the
Besides samecomplementary
adding period in whichflavors the Maya
to many
were
foods,developing
hot saucesastimulate
hieroglyphic the system
release ofof
writing,
endorphins the in
Aztec
the people
brain, justalsoasdeveloped a
exercise does,
written language, but it was not
and these have a pain-relieving effect like as highly Correct answer
sophisticated as that of the Maya and was
morphine's.
more
A. hotpictographic
sauces stimulatein nature.
the release of
A. but it was not as
endorphins in the brain, highlyjustsophisticated
as exercise as that
does,
of
and these have a pain-relieving effect like it
the Maya and was B. but
was not as highly sophisticated as the Maya,
morphine's
being
B. hot sauces stimulate the release of
C. but, not as
endorphins inhighly sophisticated
the brain, like exercise,as the
and they
Maya's, was
have a pain-relieving effect that is like
D. not as highly sophisticated as that of the
morphine
Maya, however,
C. hot sauces andbeing
exercise both stimulate the
E. not
release asofhighly sophisticated
endorphins in the as theand
brain, Maya's
they
ADVSC351 A group ofitpaleontologists
however, was recently announced
haveaasite
that pain-relieving
in Utah haseffect
yielded likefossils
morphine
of some of
D.
thethe release
biggest of endorphins
armored dinosaurs in ever
the brain
found, is and correct comparison,correct
stimulated both by hot sauces and
they are at least 25 million years older than exercise, modifer
and they have a pain-relieving
those of any similar dinosaur type that effect like
morphine'swas found in North America.
previously
E.
A. the
andrelease
they areofatendorphins
least 25 millionin theyears
brainolder
is
stimulated by hot sauces, just as
than those of any similar dinosaur type that with exercise,
and these have
previously was a pain-relieving effect like that
ADVSC352 of and
B. morphine
that they were at least 25 million years
older than any similar dinosaur type previously "any similar dinosaur type
C. and the fossils are at least 25 million years that previously was found in North
older than any similar dinosaur types that America" - Illogical.
previously were
D. fossils that are at least 25 million years older
than those of any similar dinosaur type
previously have uncovered evidence that a
Astronomers
E. fossils
star at least
that was 25 million
as bright as the years older than
full moon
ADVSC353 similar dinosaur types that were
exploding into view 340.000 years ago, previously
emitting dazzling radiation that could have Exploding incorrectly modifies
disrupted Earth's protective ozone layer and "full moon". "that a star that was
sunburned our Stone Age ancestors. as bright …" - "a star" should have
A. that a star that was as bright as the full been followed by a clause.
moon exploding into view 340,000 years ago,
emitting
B. that a star as bright as the full moon
exploded into view 340,000 years ago, emitting
C. of a star that was as bright as the full moon
exploding into view 340,000 years ago and that
it emitted
D. of a star as bright as the full moon,
exploding into view 340,000 years ago and
emitting
E. of a star as bright as the full moon that
exploded into view 340,000 years ago and that
ADVSC354 emitted
 enforced antipollution laws, mostly in the
developing world, and that, in order to
maintain competitiveness, rich nations have
joined this downward slide toward
more lax attitudes about pollution.
A. that, in order to maintain competitiveness,
rich nations have joined this downward slide
toward more lax attitudes about pollution Correct answer.
B. that, for maintaining competitiveness, rich
nations join in this downward slide toward
more lax attitudes about pollution
C. that rich nations join this downward slide
toward more lax attitudes about pollution
because of wanting to maintain
competitiveness
D. that in rich nations, joining this downward
slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution
is a result of wanting to maintain competition
E. that wanting to maintain competition is
making rich nations join in this downward slide
toward an attitude about pollution that is more
ADVSC355 lax
"there are connations associated
with the numbers 1 and 2 and the
letters A and B" = "connotations
are associated with the numbers 1
and 2 and the letters A and B". So,
the sentence reads - "with an
With an awareness that there are connotations awareness that connations are
associated with the numbers 1 and 2 and the associated with the numbers 1
letters A and B, companies conducting and 2 ...". We only know that
consumer taste tests of foods or beverages there are connotations associated
typically choose numbers such as 697 or 483 to with these numbers. We do not
label the products. know what those connotations
A. With an awareness that there are are. This is different from "aware
connotations associated with the numbers 1 of the connotations" - this implies
and 2 and the letters A and B that we know what these
B. Because the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters connotations entail.
A and B have connotations they are aware of
C. Because of an awareness of the numbers 1
and 2 and the letters A and B having
connotations
D. Aware of the connotations of the numbers 1
and 2 and the letters A and B
E. Since the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A
and B have connotations associated with them
ADVSC356 and they are aware of it
 The continental United States receives an
average of 30 inches of precipitation a year;
transpiration from soil and from plants returns
approximately 21 of the 30 inches to the
atmosphere, while the balance of 9 inches
contributes to the flow of streams and rivers. Correct answer
A. transpiration from soil and from plants
returns approximately 21 of the 30 inches to
the atmosphere, while the balance of 9 inches
contributes to the flow
B. even though transpiration from soil and from
plants returns approximately 21 of the 30
inches to the atmosphere, the remainder of 9
inches contribute to the flowing
C. although transpiration from soil and from
plants return approximately 21 of the 30 inches
to the atmosphere, the balance of 9 inches
contribute to the flowing
D. with transpiration from soil and from plants
to return approximately 21 inches to the
atmosphere, the rest of the 9 inches
contributes to the flow
E. as transpiration from soil and from plants
return approximately 21 of the 30 inches to the
atmosphere, the rest of the 9 inches contribute
ADVSC357 to the flow
India, like Italy and China, has no single
dominant cuisine: Indian food comprises many "with each a product of their" -
different styles of cooking, with each a product 'each' is singular.
of their regional influences, from the fiery
vegetarian dishes of the south to the
Portuguese-influenced
Stock levels for domestic Goan
crudecooking
oil areof
farthe
lower
west,
than in past years, leaving domestic oilof
to the more familiar Mogul food the
prices
north.
vulnerable to any hints of oil supplies being
A. with each
disrupted a product
in the MiddleofEast
their
or to any
B. with eachconsumer
unexpected as a product of its growth possibly
demand
C. each products
prompted of their
by colder-than-normal
D. each a product
temperatures. of
ADVSC358 E. each
A. products
leaving domesticof oil prices vulnerable to any
hints of oil supplies being disrupted in the "vulnerable to any hints of oil
Middle East or to any unexpected consumer supplies + modifier" - not the
demand growth possibly intended meaning.
B. leaving domestic oil prices vulnerable to any
hints of oil supply disruptions in the Middle
East or any unexpected growth in consumer
demand that might be
C. leaving domestic oil prices vulnerable to any
hints of oil supplies that are disrupted in the
Middle East or to any unexpected growth in
consumer demand as was possibly
D. resulting in the fact that domestic oil prices
are vulnerable to any hints of oil supplies being
disrupted in the Middle East or to any
unexpected consumer demand growth possibly
E. resulting in the fact of domestic oil prices
that are vulnerable to any hints of oil supply
disruptions in the Middle East or to any
unexpected growth in consumer demand that
ADVSC359 might be
 Australian embryologists have found evidence
that suggests that the elephant is descended
from an aquatic animal, and its trunk originally
evolved as a kind of snorkel. "and its trunk originally evolved…"
A. that suggests that the elephant is descended seems to be in parallel to the main
from an aquatic animal, and its trunk originally clause "australian embryologists
evolved …" because of the placement of
B. that has suggested the elephant descended comma before "and".
from an aquatic animal, its trunk originally
evolving
C. suggesting that the elephant had descended
from an aquatic animal with its trunk originally
evolving
D. to suggest that the elephant has descended
from an aquatic
Officials animalStates
at the United and its trunk
Mint originally
believe that
evolved
the Sacagawea dollar coin will be used more as
E. to suggestfor
a substitute that thequarters
four elephant is descended
rather than for
from an aquatic
the dollar animalits
bill because and that its
weight, trunk
only 8.1
ADVSC360 originally evolved
grams, is far less than four quarters, which
weigh 5.67 grams each. "more + rather than" is
A. more as a substitute for four quarters rather unidiomatic. "because its weight is
than for the dollar bill because its weight, only far less than four quarters" -
8.1 grams, is far less than weight is compared to four
B. more as a substitute for four quarters than quarters.
the dollar bill because it weighs only 8.1 grams,
far less than
C. as a substitute for four quarters more than
for the dollar bill because it weighs only 8.1
grams, far less than
D. as a substitute for four quarters more than
the dollar bill because its weight of only 8.1
grams is far lighter than it is for
E. as a substitute more for four quarters rather
than for the dollar bill because its weight, only
ADVSC361 8.1 grams, is far less than it is for
"amounting and representing"
refer to "one automobile
manufacturer" - Illogical.
One automobile manufacturer has announced "amounting …, and representing
plans to increase the average fuel efficiency of …" - should not be separated by
its sport utility vehicles by 25 percent over the comma before "and".
next five years, amounting to roughly five miles
per gallon, and representing the first significant
change in the fuel efficiency of any class of
passenger vehicle in almost two decades
A. amounting to roughly five miles per gallon,
and representing
B. amounting to roughly five miles per gallon,
and it would represent
C. an increase that would amount to roughly
five miles per gallon and it would represent
D. an increase that would amount to roughly
five miles per gallon and would represent
E. which is an increase amounting to roughly
ADVSC362 five miles per gallon, representing
 current—one goal of semiconductor research is
to develop a silicon chip that can transmit and
receive light signals directly, a development
that mav one dav lead to smaller, faster
semiconductors.
A. to develop a silicon chip that can transmit
and receive light signals directly, a
development that may one day lead Correct answer.
B. to develop a silicon chip with the capability
of transmitting and receiving light signals
directly, which may one day lead
C. the development of a silicon chip that has
the capability of transmitting and receiving
Just
lightas the free
signals computer
directly, operating system
a development maybe one
Linux has
day leading of late become even more crash
resistant,
D. developingso support forchip
a silicon it within thetransmit
that can computer
industry has been growing.
and receive light signals directly, which may
A.
oneasday
thelead
free computer operating system Linux
has of late
E. developing become even
a silicon more
chip withcrash resistant,
the ability to
so
transmit and receive light signals directly, with
ADVSC363 B.
thisasdevelopment
with the freemaybe
computeroneoperating
day leadingsystem
Linux that has of late become even more crash
resistant, so the Correct answer. The correlative
C. as the free computer operating system Linux conjunction used is "just as X, so
has of late become even more crash resistant, [too] Y".
so it has been that
D. like with the free computer operating system
Linux becoming even more crash resistant of
late, so
E. like the free computer operating system
Linux that has of late become even more crash
ADVSC364 resistant, so it is that
Correct answer.

Although ice particles in the upper atmosphere

benefit Earth in that they reflect and absorb
solar radiation, acting as a global thermostat
and thus keeping Earth from either burning up
or freezing over, thev also accelerate the
destruction of the ozone layer by reacting with
chlorofluorocarbons
(CFC's).
A. acting as a global thermostat and thus
keeping Earth from either burning up or
freezing over, they also accelerate
B. acting as a global thermostat and thus
keeping Earth either from burning up or
freezing over, while also accelerating
C. act as a global thermostat and thus keep
Earth from either burning up or freezing over,
while also accelerating
D. they act as a global thermostat that thus
keeps Earth either from burning up or freezing
over, even though it also accelerates
E. they act as a global thermostat to thus keep
Earth from either burning up or freezing over,
ADVSC365 but they also accelerate
 Blaming its recent troubles on a widening Correct answer. "cut 10 % of
recession and slow rate of technology workforce" and "expected to
spending, the computer company announced report a loss" are part of the same
that it would cut 10 percent of its workforce— announcement.
more than 2.000 jobs—and expected to report
a loss in its third quarter.
A. company announced that it would cut 10
percent of its workforce—more than 2,000 jobs
—and expected to report a
B. company
announced that there would be a cut—10
percent of its workforce, which was more than
2,000 jobs—and expected a reported
Britain's
C. company economic
announced growth thewas slower
cutting in the
of its
mid-1970's
workforce by and 10its declinemore
percent, muchthan more rapidjobs,
2,000 in
the
and subsequent
it expected arecession
reportedthan the United
States.
D. company's announcement included the
A. Britain's
cutting of itseconomic
workforce growth
by 10 was slower
percent, or in the
more
mid-1970's
than 2,000 jobs, and its anddecline muchtomore
expecting report rapid
a in
the
E.
Unlikesubsequent
company's recession
announcement
psychiatrists, who arethan the United
included
trained ascutting
medical
States.
its workforce—which
doctors, psychologistsishave more than 2,000
historically jobs—
been
ADVSC366 B.
and The economic
expecting
forbidden fromthere growth
to beofatheir
prescribing Britain
reported was slower
patients
in the mid-1970's
drugs, but in 2002and Newit Mexico
declinedbeganmuchtomore
grant "its decline much more rapid"
rapidly in the subsequent recession
the privilege of prescribing to licensed, thandoctoral
the (here its = British economy's
United States did.
level psychologists who complete an additional growth). This does not make much
C. Britain's
training andeconomy, which
certification grew more slowly sense. Also, "economic growth" is
program.
in the mid-1970's, also had
A. psychologists have historically beendeclined much compared to "United States".
more
forbidden from prescribing their patients than Finally, "Britain's economic growth
rapidly in the subsequent recession
the
drugs,United
but inStates
2002did.New Mexico began to grant was slower in the mid-1970's (a
D. The economy of Britain grew more slowly in clause) and its decline much more
the privilege of prescribing
the mid-1970's and
B. psychologists havedeclined much
historically more
been rapid (a phrase)" - not parallel.
rapidly in the subsequent recession
forbidden to prescribe drugs for their than did
patients,
the
but economy
in 2002 New of the United
Mexico States.
began granting
E. Britain's economy
prescribing privileges grew more slowly in the
mid-1970's
C. psychologists have historically beenmore
and its decline was much
rapid
forbiddenduring the
to and subsequent
prescribe their recession
patients than but
drugs, the
The Chicago Calumet Rivers originally
ADVSC367 economy
in 2002into of
in New the United States.
flowed the Mexico, the privilege
St. Lawrence by way of to Lake
prescribe began
Michigan, to bebeen
but having granted
redirected by "forbidden from prescribing" is
D. historicallycanals
constructing psychologists have
so that the beennow
water not idiomatic. "privilege of
forbiddeninto
empties from theprescribing
Mississippitheir
by way patients
of the prescribing to licensed, doctoral
drugs, but
Illinois River.in 2002 New Mexico began to grant level psychologists" can imply
theRivers
A. privilege flowed into the St. Lawrence prescribing drugs to psychologists
of prescribing
originally
E. historically
by way of Lakepsychologists
Michigan, but have been
having been themselves.
forbidden from
redirected prescribing drugs for their
by constructing
patients,
B. Rivers had but in 2002 inflowed
originally New Mexico,
into thethey
St.
ADVSC368 began granting
Lawrence by way prescribing privilegesbut they
of Lake Michigan,
have been redirected by constructing "but having been redirected …" is
C. Rivers, which originally flowed into the St. not parallel to anything else. This
Lawrence by way of Lake Michigan but have is a sentence fragment.
been redirected by the construction of
D. Rivers, originally flowing into the St.
Lawrence by way of Lake Michigan, but having
been redirected by the construction of
E. Rivers, originally flowing into the St.
Lawrence by way of Lake Michigan, have been
ADVSC369 redirected through the construction of
 Pioneered by scientists at Los Alamos National Correct
Laboratory, BEAM robots are not programmed
to walk: instead they use brainlike circuits
called neural networks to learn to walk through
trial and error.
A. BEAM robots are not
programmed to walk; instead they use brainlike
circuits called neural networks to learn to walk
through trial and error
B. BEAM robots learn to walk through trial and
error by using brainlike circuits called neural
networks instead of by programming them
C. BEAM robots are not being programmed to
walk but instead using brainlike circuits called
neural networks and learning to walk through
trial and error
D. brainlike circuits called neural networks are
used instead of programming for BEAM robots
learning to walk through trial and error
E. brainlike circuits called neural networks are
being used for BEAM robots that learn to walk
through trial and error instead of being
ADVSC370 programmed
Correct answer

Even though it was not illegal for the bank to

share its customers' personal and financial
information with an outside marketing
company in return for a commission on sales,
the state's attorney general accused the bank
of engaging in deceptive business practices by
failing to honor its promise to its
customers to keep records private.
A. by failing to honor its promise to its
customers to keep
B. by its failure of honoring its promise to its
customers to keep
C. in its failing to honor its promise to its
customers of keeping
D. because of its failure in honoring its promise
to its customers in keeping
E. because of its failure to honor its promise to
ADVSC371 its customers of keeping
 "The hognose snake, having no
The hognose snake puts on an impressive bluff, dangerous fangs and no venom,
hissing and rearing back, broadens the flesh eventually, if its pursuer is not
behind its head the way a cobra does, feigning cowed by the performance, will
repeated strikes, but, having no dangerous fall over and play dead" -the
fangs and no venom, eventually, if its pursuer is second modifier seems to modify
not cowed by the performance, will fall over the first. Incorrect. This part - "
and play dead. broadens the flesh behind its head
A. broadens the flesh behind its head the way a the way a cobra does" should have
cobra does, feigning repeated strikes, but, been a modifier because it
having no dangerous fangs and no venom, describes HOW it puts on an
B. broadens the flesh behind its head the way a impressive bluff. This part -
cobra does and feigns repeated strikes, but "feigning repeated strikes" does
with no dangerous fangs and no venom, not describe HOW the snake
C. broadening the flesh behind its head the broadens its flesh.
way a cobra does and feigning repeated strikes, hence,"broadens" and "feigns"
but it has no dangerous fangs and no venom, must be placed in PARALLEL
and
D. broadening the flesh behind its head the
way a cobra does and feigns repeated strikes,
but with no dangerous fangs and no venom,
and E.
broadening the flesh behind its head the way a
cobra does, feigning repeated strikes, but with
ADVSC372 no dangerous fangs and no venom, and
"if similar patterns would be
found" is not parallel to "whether
chimpanzees are unique among
…". Also, "when other animals are
It is unclear whether chimpanzees are unique studied in as much depth" -- this is
among nonhuman species in their ability to essential to the meaning of the
learn behaviors from one another, or if, when sentence. A sentence must make
other animals are studied in as much depth, sense when non-essential
similar patterns would be found. modifiers are removed. Here -- "or
A. if, when other animals are studied in as if similar patterns would be found"
much depth, similar patterns would be found -- the sentence does not make
B. if other animals were studied with as much sense. Where? In whom? Not
depth they would exhibit similar patterns clear.
C. would similar patterns be found in other
animals if they were studied in as much depth
D. whether similar patterns would be exhibited
in other animals that were studied with as
much depth
The agreement, the first to formally require
E. whether other
industrialized animals
countries towould exhibit similar
cut emissions of
ADVSC373 patterns
gases linked to global warming, is amuch
if they were studied in as formaldepth
protocol by which 38 industrialized countries "by which" suggests a method.
must reduce emissions of these gases by 2012 The protocol is not the method
or face heavy penalties. used to reduce pollutions
A. by which
B. for which
C. under which
D. such that
ADVSC374 E. wherein
 Correct answer. Note that "more
than all the North American Great
More than 300 rivers drain into Siberia's Lake Lakes combined" is not
Baikal, which holds 20 percent of the world's redundant" because "more than
fresh water, more than all the North American all great lakes" can imply Lake
Great Lakes combined. A. More than 300 Baikal has more water than every
rivers drain into Siberia's Lake Baikal, which single Great Lake (on a case by
holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water, case basis). "all combined" implies
more than all the North American Great Lakes a case in which all of the lakes are
combined. combined (hyothetically of course)
B. With 20 percent of the world's fresh water, to form one giant lake. Lake Baikal
that is more than all the North American Great has MORE water than this giant
Lakes combined, Siberia's Lake Baikal has more lake. Also, note the ellipsis here -
than 300 rivers that drain into it. "which holds 20 percent of the
C. world's
In aSiberia's
blow toLakethose Baikal, withharbored
who still more than the300 fresh water, more than all the
rivers
illusiondraining
that E-mailinto exchanges
it, it holds more of the a
are private,
world's fresh water than all that of the North North American Great Lakes
watchdog group recently uncovered a trick for combined [hold]".
American Great Lakes combined, 20
enabling an interloper to rig an E-mail message percent.
D.
so While more
that this thanwill
person 300be rivers
privydrain
to anyinto it,
Siberia's
comments that a recipient had added of
Lake Baikal holds 20 percent asthe
the
world's fresh water, which is more
message is forwarded to others or sent back than all the
North American Great Lakes combined.
and forth.
E. More than
A. who still all the North
harbored American
the illusion thatGreat
E-mail
Lakes combined, Siberia's Lake
exchanges are private, a watchdog group Baikal, with
more
recently uncovered a trick for enabling an 20
than 300 rivers draining into it, holds
ADVSC375 percent
interloper of to
therigworld's fresh
an E-mail water. so that this
message
person will be privy to any comments that a "had added" is incorrect as the
recipient had added comments will be added in the
B. who had still been harboring the illusion that future. Here, this suggests that
E-mail exchanges are private, a watchdog group the comments were already
recently uncovered a trick for enabling an added even before the trick was
interloper to rig an E-mail message so that this uncovered. The hacker will be
person was privy to any comments that a privy to the comments that a
recipient might have added. person will add. Here -- "who still
C. who still were harboring the illusion that E- harbored the illusion that E-mail
mail exchanges are private, a warchdog group exchanges are private" -- the
recently uncovered a trick enabling an present tense "are" does not make
interloper to rig and E-mail message so that sense because they do NOT
this person is privy to any comments that a harbor such illusions anymore.
recipient would add. (hence simple past - "harbored").
D. still harboring the illusion that E-mail
exchange are private , a watchdog group
recently uncovered a trick that enables an
interloper to rig an E-mail message so that this
person will be privy to any comments that a
recipient might add
E. still harboring the illusion that E-mail
exchanges had been private, a wathchdog
group recently uncovered a trick that will
enable an interloper to rig and E-mail message
so that this person was privy to any comments
ADVSC376 that a recipient might add.
 Because Miranda, the smallest moon of
Uranus, has a large number of different surface
features, including craters, mountains, valleys,
and fractures, some astronomers suggest that
at one time repeated impacts broke the surface "after + subsequently" is
apart, and after which the fragments were redundant. "and" requires
subsequently rejoined because of mutual parallelism. "after which" is not
gravitational attraction. parallel to anything else.
A. "fragments were subsequently
repeated impacts broke the surface apart, and rejoined because of gravity". -
after which the fragments were subsequently "because" indicates a reason
rejoined because of (indirect causation) why the
B. repeated impacts on the surface broke it fragments joined but not the
apart, after which the fragments having HOW/Method. i.e. gravitation did
rejoined with not directly lead to rejoining but
C. through repeated impacts that the surface led to a series of events that
broke apart, after which the fragments resulted in rejoining. Not logical.
subsequently rejoined by.
D. the surface
Unlike emergency broke apart
calls thatwith
travelrepeated
through
impacts,
regular telephone lines, where theyhaving
after which the fragments thus
rejoined through.
automatically inform the operator of the
E. the surface
location and phone broke number
apart asof a result of
the caller,
repeated impacts, after which the
cellular calls require emergency operators to fragments
ADVSC377 rejoined
determine through.
the location of the caller.
Thelines,
A. KwakiutI
where recognized
they thusone larger "tribes interacted with
social unitinform
automatically
than the tribe—the
the operator confederacy,
of the location was a themselves more often than
which number
and phone
cluster of loosely
of the caller, knit,calls
cellular informally emergency [tribes interacted] between
require related
neighboring
operators to determine the locationwith
tribes who interacted of the others" - Incorrect. "between" is
themselves more often than between other
caller used only for 2 things. "interacted
tribes.
B. lines and thus automatically inform the between" is also unidiomatic. The
A. tribes who
operator of the interacted
location andwithphone
themselves
number moreof correct version is -- "interacted
often thancellular
the caller, between calls require emergency among".
B. tribes who
operators interactedthe
to determine among eachofother
location the
more
caller often than among
C.
C. tribes
Although who
lines, thus interacted
pulsar,with
the automatically
first one another
orinforming
rapidly the
spinning
more often
operator of
collapsed than
star, with
thetolocation
be sightedandwas phone number
in the summer of
D.
thetribes,
of 1967 byinteracting
caller, the location
graduate among
of theeach
student callerother
Jocelyn amore
onBell,cellular
it had
often
phone
not than
been between
hasannounced
to be determined by the operator
until February, 1968.
E.
A. tribes,
D. Although interacting
lines, and the thusfirst among
automatically
pulsar, or one another
inform
rapidly themore
spinning
ADVSC378 often than
operator of
collapsed with
thetolocation
star, be sightedandwas phone number
in the summer of
the caller,
of 1967 byemergency
graduate studentoperators to it had "where" seems to imply that they
haveBell,
Jocelyn
determine
not the location
been announced of the
until cellular1968.
February, phone inform the operator of the
caller
B. Although not announced until February, location and phone number
1968, in the summer of 1967E.graduate lines, thusstudent inside the telephone lines.
automatically informing
Jocelyn Bell observed thethe operator
first pulsar, orof rapidly
the Illogical.
location and
spinning phonestar,
collapsed numberto beofsighted.
the caller,
emergency
C. Althoughoperators
observed receiving
by graduate a cellular
studentcall
ADVSC379 have to Bell
Jocelyn determine the location
in the summer of the
of 1967, thecaller
discovery of the first sighted pulsar, or rapidly "it" should have referred to
spinning collapsed star, had not been "discovery of the pulsar". Here,
announced before February, 1968. "it" refers to "pulsar" itself. (We
D. The first pulsar, or rapidly spinning collapsed cannot announce a star). The basic
star, to be sighted was observed in the summer structure of the first clause is -
of 1967 by graduate student Jocelyn Bell, but "although the first pulsar was in
the discovery was not announced until the summer of 1967 by Jocelyn
February, 1968. Bell" -- Incorrect.
E. The first sighted pulsar, or rapidly spinning
collapsed star, was not announced until
February, 1968, while it was observed in the
summer of 1967 by graduate student Jocelyn
ADVSC380 Bell.
 As well as heat and light, the Sun is the source
of a continuous stream of atomic particles
known as the solar wind.
A. As well as heat and light, the Sun is the
source of a continuous stream
B. Besides heat and light, also the Sun is the Implies that "heat and light" are
source of a continuous stream also are a continuous stream of
C. Besides
Like heatcounterparts,
their male and light, the women
Sun is also the
scientists atomic particles.
source
are of aaverage
above continuous streaming
in terms D. The
of intelligence and
Sun is the but
creativity, source notmen
unlike onlyof
ofscience,
heat andtheir
light, but
also
female of acounterparts
continuous stream
have had to work against
E. The
the Sunofisoccupational
grain the source ofstereotyping
not only heattoand
enter
ADVSC381 alight but, world."
"man's as well, of a continuous streaming
A. their female counterparts have had to work less parallel than option E.
B. their problem is working
C. one thing they have had to do is work
D. the handicap women of science have had is
to work
ADVSC382 E. women of science have had to work
Correct answer.

Three out of every four automobile owners in

the United States also own a bicycle.
A. Three out of every four automobile owners
in the United States also own a bicycle.
B. Out of every four, three automobile owners
in the United States also owns a bicycle.
C. Bicycles are owned by three out of every
four ownersnervousof automobiles in the United
The human system and a telephone
States.
system thesuperficially resemble eachofother,
D. In becauseUnited States, three out everynotfour
only the former carries information in
automobile owners owns bicycles.
the form of electrical impulses and because
E. Out itsofneural
every pathways
four owners of automobiles in
all ofUnited converge in the brain
the States, bicycles are also owned by
and spinal cord, which together form a
ADVSC383 three.
kind of central exchange.
Some
A. Theanthropologists
human nervousregard systemthe andearly
a telephone "than in modern human beings" is
hominids'
system manner ofresemble
superficially walking as being
each lessnot
other, not parallel to anything else.
efficient
only because than the
in modern
former human
carries beings. "being" is redundant as removing
A. as being
B. The human lessnervous
efficientsystem
than inand a telephone it does not change the intended
B. as less efficient than it is in
system bear a superficial resemblance meaning.
C. as lessthey
because efficient
boththan
carrythat of
D. to behuman
C. The less efficient
nervousthan thatbears
system of a
ADVSC384 E. to have been less efficient
superficial resemblance to a telephone than it is insystem
both because the former carries "not only" requires "but/but
D. Superficially, a telephone system resembles also". "because all of its neural
the human nervous system both pathways" -- the "its" does not
because they carry have an antecedent.
E. There is a superficial resemblance between a
telephone system and the human
nervous
The directionsystem, not only
in which thebecause
Earth andtheytheboth
other
ADVSC385 carry planets--Mercury, Venus, and Mars-- spins
solid
were determined from collisions with giant "direction + were" is incorrect.
celestial bodies in the early history of the Solar "earth and other solid planets +
System. spins" is incorrect.
A. spins were determined from
B. spins were determined because of
C. spins was determined through
D. spin was determined by
ADVSC386 E. spin was determined as a result of
 Scientists believe that unlike the males of most
species of moth, the male whistling
moths of Nambung, Australia, call female
moths to them by the use of acoustical signals,
but not olfactory ones, and they attract their
mates during the day, rather than at night.
A. by the use of acoustical signals, but not Active voice + by + Noun form' is
olfactory ones, and they attract considered to be unidiomatic. (for
B. by the use of acoustical signals
There is a widespread belief in the Unitedinstead of example - I started the car by the
using olfactory
States ones,Europe
and Western that young people use of keys). "call + by the use of
and attracting
C. by ausing
have acoustical
smaller signals,tonot
commitment using
work and a …" is unidiomatic.
olfactory
career thanones, and
their by attracting
parents and grandparents and
D. using
that the acoustical signals,
source of the rather
change lies than
in theolfactory
ones, andofattract
collapse the "work ethic."
E. using
A. acoustical
a smaller signals,to
commitment but notand
work olfactory
a career
ADVSC387 ones,their
than and attracting
parents and grandparents
B. less of a commitment to work and a career this sentence is potentially
than their parents and grandparents ambiguous. It can also imply "than
C. a smaller commitment to work and a career to their parents or grandparents"
than that of their parents and
grandparents
In 1997, despite an economy that marked its
D. lessfull
sixth ofyear
a commitment to work
of uninterrupted and a career
expansion
than the
with theirlowest
parents and grandparents
jobless rate in a quarter had
E. a lessening
century, of the commitment
the number of United States to work and
citizens
a career that
declaring their parents
themselves and has jumped by
bankrupt
ADVSC388 grandparents
almost 20 percent,had at 1.34 million.
A. declaring themselves bankrupt has jumped "jumped at 20 percent" is
by almost 20 percent, at unidiomatic. Note that we are
B. declaring themselves bankrupt jumped by referrin to a specific time period
almost 20 percent, to "in 1997". Usage of present
C. who declared themselves bankrupt has perfect "has jumped" is incorrect.
jumped by almost 20 percent, to
D. who declared themselves bankrupt jumped
almost by 20 percent, at
E. to declare themselves bankrupt jumped
ADVSC389 almost by 20 percent, at
Correct answer. This describes
HOW the style is more ergonomic
-- 1. It conforms to the shape of
the body AND 2. does not flaunt
(show off) shape for its own sake.
This option rightly puts these
Gone are the sharp edges and jutting planes of things in parallel.
styles from former eras; instead,
designers of everything from cars to computer
monitors have adopted a cornerless style
of smooth surfaces and curves that is more
ergonomic, conforming to the shape of the
body rather than flaunting shape for its own
sake.
A. more ergonomic, conforming to the shape of
the body rather than flaunting shape
B. more ergonomic, conformed to the body's
shape and not to flaunting shape
C. ergonomic, more conformed to the shape of
the body and not to shape flaunted
D. ergonomic, conforming more to the body's
shape rather than shape flaunted
E. ergonomic, conforming more to the shape of
ADVSC390 the body than flaunting shape
 C. Similar
Unlike theto the great
steam navigators
locomotive, whorequired
which first
sailed around the Earth, where
an hour or two of firing up before it was they
gathered
possible to information
move under about its size
its own andnearly
power, the
curvature of its surface,
full power could be summoned almostastronomers
have made
instantly from newtheobservations
cold engine of a diesel
D. Like the
locomotive. great navigators who first sailed
around
A. it wasthe Earth gathering
possible to move underinformation
its own
about its size and the curvature
power, nearly full power could be its surface, "great navigators" are compared
ofsummoned
astronomers have made new with "new observations".
almost instantly from the cold engine of a Incorrect.
observations
diesel locomotive
E.
B. Just
it was aspossible
with theto great
movenavigators
under itswhoownfirst
power,
sailed around the Earth,
the diesel locomotive's engine, whengathering
information
cold, could produceabout itsnearly
size and
fullcurvature
power almost of the
surface,
instantly astronomers have made
ADVSC391 new observations
C. it could move under its own power, the
diesel locomotive could summon nearly full "it was possible to move under its
power from a cold engine almost instantly own power" - for whom/what?
D. moving under its own power, the cold Not clear. "steam locomotive" is
engine of the diesel locomotive could compared with "nearly full
Using technology as new as space-age
produce nearly full power almost instantly fabrics power".
and as ordinary
E. moving underas itscommon
own power, dry-cleaning
almost
chemicals, scientists
instantly a diesel and historians,
locomotive in their
could summon
ADVSC392 attempt
nearly full atpower
cleaning anda preserving
from cold enginethe
American flag that flew over Fort McHenry in the basic structure of the sentence
Baltimore in 1814, are hoping that it will then is - "using technology as new as
last another 200 years. space age fabrics …, scientists and
A. and as ordinary as common dry-cleaning historians are hoping that that it
chemicals, scientists and historians, will then
in their attempt at cleaning and preserving the last another 200 years." -- this
American flag that flew over Fort suggests that "using technology" is
McHenry in Baltimore in 1814, are hoping HOW scientists and historians are
B. B. and as ordinary as common dry-cleaning hoping. Moreover, the antecedent
chemicals, scientists and of "it" is in an non-essential
historians are attempting to clean and preserve phrase. A sentence must make
the American flag that flew over perfect sense even if non-essential
Fort McHenry in Baltimore in 1814, hoping modifiers are removed. Not ideal.
C. and as ordinary as common dry-cleaning Also, "scientists are hoping, in
chemicals, an attempt by scientists and their attempt at cleaning and
historians to clean and preserve the American preserving the American flag ...".
flag that flew over Fort McHenry in "hoping ..." is not IN their attempt.
Baltimore in 1814 is being made in the hope
D. but also as ordinary as common dry-cleaning
chemicals, scientists and historians
who are attempting to clean and preserve the
American flag that flew over
Fort McHenry in Baltimore in 1814, hoping
E. but also as ordinary as common dry-cleaning
Like those of
chemicals, anthe African
attempt bywhite and black
scientists
rhinos, the Sumatran
and historians rhinoand
at cleaning haspreserving
two horns,the but
the
American flag that flew over Fort
ADVSC393 front
McHenry one in is generally
Baltimoreless thanin
in 1814 a foot
hopes long and
the second is so small that it often appears this option compares "horns" to
to be missing. "Sumatran Rhino".
A. Like those of the African white and black
rhinos
B. Similar to that of the African white and black
rhinos
C. Like that of the African white and black
rhinos
D. As with the African white and black rhinos
ADVSC394 E. Like the African white and black rhinos
 this sentence does not make any
sense - "the benefits from
Scientific evidence suggests that the benefits consuming alcohol are greatest
arising from consumption of alcohol are with alcohol that is taken with
greatest with alcohol that is taken with meals meals…". In addition, "than when
on a moderate, regular basis than when it is it is consumed …" - Not parallel to
consumed on binges. anything else. "alcohol that is
A. with alcohol that is taken with meals on a taken with meals on a moderate,
moderate, regular basis than when it is regular basis" -- implies that there
consumed are certain kinds of alcohol that
B. with taking alcohol with meals on a are consumed with meals on a
moderate, regular basis as opposed to its modierate regular basis and thus
consumption certain kinds that are not. Not
C. when alcohol is taken with meals on a logical.
moderate, regular basis, rather than
consuming it of the extent of global warming
Those skeptical
D. when alcohol is taken
argue that short-term with mealsdata
temperature on a
moderate, regular basis
are an inadequate means rather than
of predicting long-
consumed
term trends and point out that the
E. when alcohol,
scientific communitytakenremains
with meals on aon
divided
ADVSC395 moderate, regular basis, and not consumed
whether significant warming will occur and
what "what impact will it have" is
impact will it have if it does. question and thus is incorrectly
A. on whether significant warming will occur used here. The correct usage is
and what impact will it have if it does "what impact it will have".
B. on whether warming that occurs will be
significant and the impact it would have
C. as to whether significant warming will occur
or the impact it would have if it did
D. over whether there will be significant
warming or the impact it will have
E. over whether significant warming will occur
ADVSC396 and what impact it would have
 Correct answer.

Since 1990 the global economy has grown

more than it did during the 10,000 years from
the beginning of agriculture to 1950.
A. Since 1990 the global economy has grown
more than it did during the 10,000 years
from the beginning of agriculture
B. Since 1990 the growth of the global
economy has been more than that during
10,000 years, from when agriculture began
C. The growth of the global economy since
1990 exceeds that which had been for
10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture
D. The growth of the global economy since
1990
Studiesexceeds what
that have it has been
compared thefor 10,000types
different
years, from when agriculture
of insects in coffee plantations andbegan
E. The growth
tropical forestsofhave
the reported
global economy since a
either finding
1990
similarexceeds what variety
or a greater it did for
in the 10,000
plantations.
ADVSC397 years
A. andfrom the forests
tropical beginning of reported
have agricultureeither
finding a similar or a "either finding a similar or a
B. with those of tropical forests have either greater variety" is not parallel.
reported finding a similar or
C. with those in tropical forests have reported
finding either a similar or a
D. to tropical forests have either reported
finding a similar or
E. to those of tropical forests have reported
ADVSC398 either finding a similar or
Greatly influenced by the Protestant missionary "the Oneida" should be plural.
Samuel Kirkland, the Oneida was the only (just like Spanish/French).
one of the five-nation Iroquois League who
sided with the colonists during the American
Revolution.
A. was the only one of the five-nation Iroquois
League who sided
B. was alone of the five-nation Iroquois League
when they sided
C. alone among the five nations of the Iroquois
League sided
D. were the only ones out of the five nations of
the Iroquois League in siding
E. only of the five-nation Iroquois League had
ADVSC399 sided
 the soil, but do not grow to be very tall.
A. native North American grasses develop an
extensive root system, allowing for
greater enrichment of the soil, but do not grow
to be very
B. native North American grasses develop an
extensive root system, which allows for Correct Answer.
their greater enrichment of the soil, but
without growing to be that
C. the root system of native North American
grasses is extensive, allowing for
greater enrichment of the soil, but they do not
grow to be very
D. the root system of native North American
grasses is more extensive, allowing for
the greater enrichment of the soil, but these
A surveydo
grasses ofnot
765growworking
to bewomen
very over eighteen
years
E. theof age found that
extensiveness 60 percent
of the root system of them
of
worked 40 orAmerican
native North more hours a week
grasses and for
allows
married women
their greater with children
enrichment of theunder eighteen
soil, but they it
ADVSC400 was
do notmoregrow likely that
to be they would work different
that
shifts from their husbands. and' introduces a list of 2 or more
A.
Theformajority
marriedofwomenscientistswith children
believe thatunder
to reduce independent ideas. 'for married
eighteen
and stabilizeit was more likelyconcentrations
atmospheric that they would women ...' has no relationship
work
of different
carbon dioxide,shifts from their
emissions husbands
must be cut at the with the survey. this option seems
B. for married
source by fossilwomen
fuels thatwhose childrenmore
are burned were to talk about all married women
under eighteen, they were more likely
efficiently and, in some cases, by alternatives with children under 18. Also,
than
such other married
as hydrogen women
fuel to work
cells that shifts
can replace 'shifts' are compared with
different
fossil fuelsfrom their husbands'
altogether. 'husbands'.
C.
A. when married
fossil fuels thatwomen had children
are burned under
more efficiently
eighteen
and, it was
in some more
cases, bylikely for Miocene
them to
alternatives
In addition to her work on the
be working
such as hydrogen different shifts
fuel Mary from
cells that those
can of their
replace
hominid fossil record, Leakey contributed
husbands'
fossil fuels altogether
to
D.
B. that married
fossil fuelswith women
that with children
are discovery
burned more under
efficiently
archaeology her of the earliest
eighteen
and, were
inevidence
some cases, more likely than
those that other
are and
direct of hominid activity
married
replacedwomen to work
with shifts
Eastdifferent
altogether alternatives from
such as
painstakingly documenting African cave
their
hydrogenhusbands'
fuel cells
paintings.
E.
C. that when
burning married
fossil fuels women
more had children
efficiently and, her
in
A. Leakey contributed to archaeology with
under
some eighteen
cases, by they were
replacing more
fossil likely
fuels to be
discovery of the earliest direct
working shifts that differed from
altogether
evidence ofwith alternatives
hominid activity and their
such as hydrogen
painstakingly
ADVSC401 husbands
fuel cells
documenting
D. more efficiency
B. Leakey contributed in the burning of fossil
to archaeology fuels must be cut at the source by fossil
by her
and, in some cases, by
discovery of the earliest direct alternatives fuels' is absurd. (Emissions cannot
such as hydrogen
evidence of hominid fuelactivity
cells thatandcan by replace be cut by fossil fuels.) Also, active
fossil fuels altogether
painstakingly documenting voice + by + noun is incorrect.
E. the more efficient burning
C. Leakey was a contributor to archaeologyof fossil fuels and, (better use verb-ing instead of
in some cases, by fossil fuels
with her discovery of the earliest direct that are noun.) 'by alternatives' is also
replaced altogether
evidence of hominidwith alternatives
activity and withsuch her as incorrect for the same person.
ADVSC402 hydrogen
painstaking fuel cells
documentation of
D. Leakey's contributions to archaeology her discovery' is not parallel to
include her discovery of the earliest direct 'painstakingly documenting'. The
evidence of hominid activity and her usage of 'with' modifier does not
painstaking documentation of make sense. ('with her
E. Leakey's contributions to archaeology discovery ..., Leakey contributed to
include her discovering the earliest direct archaeology.' )
evidence of hominid activity and painstaking
ADVSC403 documentation of
 A. build thanpower conventional structures, and
commercial throughout the lowlands
already designed a number of structures,
seems to a bridge, for showing
including
Results from
be from usingthe its 1998
strategic Nationalposition Demographic
at the foot
B.
and build
Health than conventional
Survey confirm structures,
that, even when and they
of the highlands, which were a source of
have
compared already with designed
densely a number
populated of countries
jade, obsidian, andincludes
other valuable
structures,
like Thailand which
and Indonesia, a bridge, to show
the Philippine
commodities.
C. build
nation's than
fertility conventional
rates consistently structures, exceed haveall of
A. Canc??n's commercial power throughout If we remove the non-essential
already
its Southeastdesigned Asian a number
neighbors. of structures,
the lowlands seemstotoshow be from using its modifier - 'who say that ...', the
including
A. like a
Thailand bridge,and Indonesia, the Philippine
strategic position at the foot of thestructures,
highlands, leftover sentence is a fragment.
D. also
nation's to build
fertility than
ratesof conventional
consistently
which were a source jade,of 'already' here requires a perfect
already
exceed all designed
of other a number
obsidian, and valuable commodities tense. Also, the architects have
structures,
B. like Thailand including
and a bridge,
Indonesia, which
the shows
Philippine
B. Canc??n's commercial power throughout the designed such structures with an
E. to
nation build than
consistently with conventional
exhibits fertility structures,
lowlands seems to havea come from intention. Better to use the
have
rates already
exceeding designed
allposition number of of the
using its strategic at the foot
ADVSC404 structures,
C. such as Thailand
highlands, including
a source and a bridge,
of jade,Indonesia, which
obsidian, the fertility infinitive 'to' - to suggest an intent.
shows
rates exhibited by
and other valuable commodities the Philippine nation like' is not used to give examples.
are consistently exceeding
C. the commercial power of Canc??n those of all use 'such as'. Faulty comparison
throughout the lowlands seemed to have come between countries and fertility
D. such as Thailand and Indonesia, the
Philippine
from usingnation's
its strategicfertility rates at
position the foot of rates. Also, 'fertility rates' cannot
consistently
exceed all those of
the highlands, a source of jade, exceed other countries - illogical.
E. such as Thailand and
obsidian, and other valuable commodities Indonesia, the
Philippine
D. Canc??n nation
seemed consistently
to be using exhibits fertility
its strategic
Several educational research groups are
ADVSC405 rates
position that at exceed
the foot those
of theof all
highlands,
denouncing the mayor's proposal of a system
which
by was a source of jade, obsidian, and other Faulty comparison between
valuable
which individualcommodities, teachers would be given raises Mayan cities and Cancun's
in becoming
a commercial
or bonuses should power that test the lowlands commercial power. Present tense -
throughout
it be
E. Canc??n
scores showseems to have used
their students' mastery of reading 'seems to be' is incorrect. We
its strategic
position
skills having at the foot
improved overof the highlands,
a nine-month a know that this is a past activity,
Unlike
source battery-powered
of jade, obsidian, electric
and othercars,valuable whose effect is felt till now. Use
period.
Thirteen states from all regions of the country
automakers
commodities, sayto that
become cars with
a fuel
commercial cells, which present perfect instead.
A. should
announced it be
awiththat test
planelectricity,
to imposescores show
newprovide their
ADVSC406 supply
power them can
controlsthroughout
students' mastery the
of lowlands
reading skills having
driving on
range pollution
and from
performance truck and
similar busto the test scores show mastery of
B. should
engines in it be
that that
they test
will scores
jointly show
adopt their
emission
internal
Both the combustion engine.
thatcaribou
students' mastery and
of farthe
reading reindeer
skills belong
have to reading ...' distorts the meaning.
limits
A. Unlike would be
battery-powered stricter
electric than the7,000
cars, federal
the
C. species
should testRangifer
scores tarandus,
showing but
their after
students' The correct answer must convey
rules.
automakers say thatskillscars with fuelreindeer
cells,
years
mastery of domestication
of reading in Eurasia,
has an idea, the idea that test scores
A. to impose new a controls
which supply them ontopollution
with electricity, can from
provide show that reading skillls have
have
D. if developed
test scores tendency
showing their circle
students' in tight
truck
driving andrangebus engines
and in
performance that they will
groups,
mastery while
of readingcaribou tend
skills to spread far and
having improved. 'having improved ...' is
jointly
similar adopt
to
wide.
E.
B.
B. if
to test
impose
Unlike scores show
newspecies
battery-powered that
controls their
on truck
electric and busbut incorrectly used. 'having ...' is used
students'
cars,
ADVSC407 A. belong
mastery ofto the
reading skills Rangifer
has tarandus, when the action following 'having'
engines'
automakers
after 7,000 pollution
say that
years ofbydomestication
the joint
cars adoption
with electricity in from of
precedes thethat'
action that it The
C. to
supplied
Eurasia, impose new
by fuel cells
reindeer controls
havecan on pollution
exhibit driving
developed a tendencyrangeto Usage
modifies.
of 'in is incorrect.
'itfollows
be that''inafter
truck
and and bus
performance engines
similar by jointly
to caribou
those adopting clause that that'should
servesis
circle in tight groups, while redundant.
D. for imposing
provided by new controls on pollution from both to describe and limit the
tend information in the previous clause.
truck
C. Unlikeand bus engines,
battery-powered andelectric
jointly cars, fuel
B. belong to the same species, Rangifer (for ex - the government updated
adopting
cells that supply cars with electricity can
tarandus, but about 7,000 years of and bus the syllabus in that it added a few
E. for
provide imposing new
drivinginrange controls
andhave on
performancetruck
domestication Eurasia developedthat chapters to the Science textbook -
engine
automakers
reindeer's pollution say isinsimilar
tendency the
to joint
circleto adoption
in tight
ADVSC408 of
D. Automakers say that unlike battery-powered this was the only update.) 'by' on
groups, which is different from caribou that the other hand tell us the
electric
tend cars, fuel cells that supply cars battery powered cars' are method
employed.
with
C. belongelectricity
to thecan provide
species driving
Rangifer range and
tarandus, but compared with 'automakers'.
performance
being domesticated similar in toEurasia for 'driving range and performance'
E. Automakers say that
about 7,000 years has developed reindeer's unlike battery-powered are compared 'internal
electric cars, cars with
tendency to circle in tight groups, and electricity combustion engine'.
supplied by fuel cells
that is different from caribou tending can exhibit driving range
andare
D. performance
the same species, similar Rangifer
to those tarandus, but
ADVSC409 provided
about 7,000 by years of domestication in
Eurasia have developed reindeer's tendency to Correct answer.
circle in tight groups, while the
tendency is for caribou
E. are the same species, Rangifer tarandus, but
being domesticated in Eurasia for
about 7,000 years has developed the reindeer's
tendency to circle in tight groups,
ADVSC410 which differs from caribou tending
 The number of plant and animal species that
humans are known to have forced to
extinction in the last half millennium is over
800.
A. humans are known to have forced to
extinction Correct answer.
B. humans
Critics of the areresearch
known as having
study forced
claimed to
that
become
monkeysextinctare differentC. humans enough are from
known for
human
forcing to become extinct
beings that comparing the two species can be
C.
as are known that
questionable--or humans
as forced
useless--as to become
Strawberries, unlike picking bananas that are
extinct
comparisons between humans and mice.
green and can be ripened artificially, must be
D.
A. are known
different as having
enough from been
human forced to
beings that
picked when they are fully ripe, and they
ADVSC411 extinction
comparing bythehumans
two species canfour or five days
remain at peak flavor for only
after that. enough from human beings so that different enough + that' is
B. different
comparing
A. Strawberries, the two unlikespeciespickingcanbananas that are incorrect.
C. different enough from
green and can be ripened artificially, human beings for
comparing
must be pickedthe two species to
D. so different
B. Picking from human
strawberries, unlikebeings
withthat
green
comparisons between the
bananas that can be ripened artificially, two species can
E. so different
must be done from human beings for
ADVSC412 comparisons
C. Unlike bananas, between which thecantwobespecies
pickedto green
and ripened artificially, strawberries strawberries' are compared with
must be picked 'picking bananas'.
D. Unlike with green bananas, which can be
picked and ripened artificially, strawberry
picking must be done
E. Unlike picking bananas, strawberries cannot
be pickedingreen
Officials Atlanta's andpublicripened schools, as do many
ADVSC413 artificially,
districts across but mustthe United be picked States, have
eliminated
There recess in
are poverty
hopeful signsthe that
elementary grades, many district schools' are
bywe arefather
shifting
Born
callingintoit a waste ofandtime sent
that her
would into compared to 'officials'. Also, we
be fuels:
better
away from our heavy reliance on fossil
servitude attenthetimesage of asseven,
spent on academics. MarthaisMatilda need a 'have' instead of 'do' to
more than much energy
Harper created America's powerretail
A. as do first franchise facilitate proper comparison.
generated through windbusiness now than it
network,
B. asinwith a radical new model that
was
enabled
C. similarwomento in the late nineteenth and
1990.
early twentieth centuries windtopower
own their
D.
A. like those
generated inthrough nowown than it
ADVSC414 businesses
E. as they and
have gain
in financial independence.
was
A. Martha Matilda Harperwindcreated America's it' refers to 'more than ten times
B. generated through power now as it
first retail franchise network, a as much energy'. The correct
was
The arrest
radical newofbusiness
a programmer model accused
that of
enabled idiom is 'as much + as' , not 'as
C. generated
violatinginanthe through
American wind power
digital copyright now as was
women late nineteenth and earlylaw has much + than'.
the case
stirred significant opposition, against both the
twentieth centuries to ownwind power as it
D.
law now
itselfgenerated
and against throughthe software
B. Martha Matilda Harper created America's
was
company that had initiated the
first retail franchise network, a case. than
E.
A. now
against
radical generated
new both thethrough
business law wind
itself
model andpower
that against the
enabled
ADVSC415 was the case
software company thatinhad
ownership by women the late
B. against both
nineteenth and the early law itself andcenturies
twentieth also the of both X and Y' requires perfect
software company having
C. Martha Matilda Harper's creation of parallelism between X and Y.
C. against both
America's the law
first retail itself and
franchise the software
network was a
company
radical new thatbusiness model that enabled
D. both against
women in the late thenineteenth
law itself and andthe software
company that had
early twentieth centuries to own
E. both
D. against
America's the
first law franchise
retail itself and network
also againstwas
ADVSC416 the software
created company
by Martha Matilda having Harper, a
radical new business model that enabled Correct answer. 'gain' is parallel to
women in the late nineteenth and early 'own' as it should be.
twentieth centuries to own
E. America's first retail franchise network was
created by Martha Matilda Harper, a
radical new business model that enabled
ownership by women in the late
ADVSC417 nineteenth and early twentieth centuries of
 B. if one separated the components of a task
into individual motions, found the best
way to perform the motions, and then
redesigning
C. if the components of a task were separated
into individual motions, finding the
best way of performing the motions, and then
redesigned then redesign ...' introduces a run-
D. by separating the components of a task into on sentence. 'were to separate' is
individual motions, finding the best not parallel to 'found'. (It is
way to perform each motion, and then parallel to 'were to find').
redesigning 'separate components of a task
E. by separating the components of a task into into its (task's) individual motions'
individual motions, finding the best is incorrect. (its must refer to
ADVSC418 way of performing each motion, then redesign components).
Since we are referring to a specific
point in the past (the year 1992),
we need past tense. The 'which'
refers to $7.4 Bn - illogical.
2001 proved to be the automaker's first losing
year since 1992, when the company had
lost $7.4 billion, which was primarily because
of almost $7 billion in accounting charges.
A. when the company had lost $7.4 billion,
which was primarily because of
B. when the company had lost $7.4 billion,
primarily resulting from
C. when the company lost $7.4 billion,
primarily because of
D. which is when the company lost $7.4 billion,
and ivory-billed
The that was primarily because
woodpecker, of the largest
once
E. which is when
woodpecker the company
in North America at lost $7.4 billion,
a striking
ADVSC419 primarily resulting from
20 inches tall, has moved in and out of the
extinct category, with scientists consistently proof for' is unidiomatic.
unable to find solid proof for the bird to still
exist.
A. for the bird to still exist
Scientists haveas
B. for the bird found new evidence of people
still existing
initially
C. for theregistering emotions
bird's continued like sadness
existence
or angerthe
D. that in bird
much theexists
still same way as heartburn--
ADVSC420 by monitoring
E. of the bird andwhat's going on within
its continued their
existence
bodies. evidence of people' is incorrect.
A. of people initially registering emotions like Use 'such as' to introduce
sadness or anger in much the same way examples instead of 'like'.
as
B. of people initially registering emotions such
as sadness or anger much the
same as experiencing
C. that people initially register emotions such
as sadness or anger in much the same
way as they experience
D. that a person initially registers emotions
such as sadness or anger much the same
way as experiencing
E. that a person initially registers emotions like
ADVSC421 sadness or anger much the same as
 was able to reconstruct the history of
precipitation in tropical South America over the
past
25,000 years.
A. the types of fossilized algae present in core
samples taken from the bottom of Lake
Titicaca in the Andes, a group of scientists was
able Correct answer.
B. the types of fossilized algae that are present
in core samples taken from the
bottom of Lake Titicaca in the Andes, it was
possible for a group of scientists
C. the types of fossilized algae that had been
present in core samples taken from the
bottom of Lake Titicaca in the Andes, that
Changes in the composition
made it possible for a group of the light of a
scientists
supernova--an exploding star--reveals
D. what types of fossilized algae had been not
only thein
present chemical elements
core samples takenin from
the explosion
the
but alsoof
bottom the speed
Lake of expanding
Titicaca the outer
in the Andes, it was
layers
possibleof for
stellar gas. of scientists
a group
A. reveals
E. what thenot onlyofthe
types chemical
fossilized elements
algae in
were that
the
wereexplosion
present in but alsosamples
core the speedtakenof
expanding the outer
from the bottom layers
of Lake of stellar
Titicaca gasAndes,
in the
ADVSC422 B. reveals
a group ofnot only what
scientists was chemical
able elements are
in the explosion but also the speed at changes' is plural. 'speed of
which the outer layers of stellar gas are expanding the outler layers of gas'
expanding suggests that some external
C. not only reveal the chemical elements in the agency is involved in the act of
explosion but also the speed of the expanding.
expanding outer layers of stellar gas
D. not only reveal what chemical elements are
in the explosion but also the speed of
the outer layers of stellar gas when they are
expanding
E. reveal not only the chemical elements in the
explosion but also the speed at which
ADVSC423 the outer layers of stellar gas are expanding
the first "it" is incorrect. Note that
"it" cannot refer to an entire
clause.

The features of the floor of the Kasei Valles on

Mars look just like those at the base of
Antarctic ice streams, so it suggests that
possibly it was flowing ice that carved the giant
Martian channels previously attributed to
cataclysmic floods.
A. so it suggests that possibly it was flowing ice
that
B. a suggestion that flowing ice may have
C. to suggest flowing ice as possibly having
D. suggesting that flowing ice may have
E. which is suggestive of flowing ice having
ADVSC424 possibly
 Turtles, as with other reptiles, can endure long "turtles" are not with "other
fasts because they can survive on weekly or reptiles".
even monthly feedings; however, when food is
readily available, they may eat frequently and
grow very fat.
A. as with other reptiles
B. as other reptiles are able to
C. as other reptiles do
D. like other reptiles
E. like other reptiles are able to do

ADVSC425
A study published in the British Medical Journal "Less than" is the right usage.
showed that women who ate nuts more than "Less as" is incorrect.
five times a week were about one third less
likely to suffer from coronary heart disease as
those who ate no nuts at all.
A. as those who ate
ADVSC426 B. as women who ate
C.
If aasdrug
those eating
that is already on the market has the CORRECT ANSWER. Clear and
D.
potential to helpeating
than women adults and children who have concise.
E.
thethan
samewere thoseor
disease, who
if itate
is widely used in
children and the absence of labeling seems
dangerous, the FDA can require that the drug
undergo pediatric study.
A. that the drug undergo
ADVSC427 B. that the drug undergoes
Whereas
C. that thehigh
drug speeds generally cannot be
is to undergo "their" is redundant as removing it
achieved by ramjets
D. the drug undergoing without their initially does not alter the intended
being assisted by a rocket,
E. the drug to have to undergo a scramjet, or meaning.
supersonic combustion ramjet, can attain high
speeds by reducing airflow compression at the
entrance of the engine and letting air pass
through at supersonic speeds.
A. Whereas high speeds generally cannot be
achieved by ramjets without their initially
being assisted by
ADVSC428 B. Whereas a ramjet generally cannot achieve
high speeds without the initial assistance of
A
C.middleweight
With ramjets, black hole weighs
high speeds in atare
generally roughly
not less than' is the right usage not
500 solar masses, hundreds of times
able to be achieved without initially being more 'less as'.
massive
assisted bythan the lightweight black holes
produced by the
D. Unlike with collapse
ramjets, of individual
generally unablestars,
to
but thousands or even millions
achieve high speeds without the initial of times less in
its mass asof
assistance the heavyweight giants that lurk in
the
E. Although of
centers galaxies.
a ramjet generally does not have
A.
the capability of even
thousands or millions
achieving highofspeeds
times less in
without
its mass as
the initial assistance from
ADVSC429 B. it is thousands or even millions of times less
massive as
C. thousands or even millions of times less
massive than
D. yet it is thousands or even millions times less
massive than
E. yet it is thousands or even millions of times
less in its mass than
 By offering lower prices and a menu of Them' does not have a clear
personal communications options, such as antecendent. It could refer to
caller identification and voice mail, the new 'customers' or 'other phone
telecommunications company has not only companies'.
captured customers from other phone
companies but also forced them to offer
ADVSC430 competitive prices.
A. has not
Lenders andonly captured
building customers
managers in the from other Suggests that there were some
phone companies
southwestern but of
section alsotheforced them that
city report rental markets that were renewed.
B. has notofonly
because captured
the rental customers
market in the areafrom being
other (and thus some were not). "being
phone companies,
renewed, as well asbuttheitwillingness
also forcedofthem the increased" suggests that
C. has to
banks notlend
onlymoney
capturedbeingcustomers
increased, from other someone/something increased
phone companies
apartment buildingsbutare
also forced
being these
rehabilitated at the willingness. Also, since "being
companies
a pace unseen for a decade. increased" suggests that SOME
D. of
A. notthe
only has captured
rental market incustomers
the area being from other willingness was increased/ some
phone companies
renewed, as well asbutthealso these companies
willingness of the was not.
have been
banks forced
to lend money being increased
E.
B. not only
of the captured
renewed customers
rental marketfrom in theotherarea, as
phone
well as companies,
the willingnessbut of
it also
banks hastoforced them
lend money
ADVSC431 increasing
The
C. ofgyrfalcon,
the renewed an Arctic
rentalbird
marketof prey,
in the hasarea and CORRECT ANSWER. "greater than"
survived a close
the increased brush with
willingness ofextinction;
banks to lend its is used because we are dealing
numbers
money are now five times greater than when with numbers/quantities.
the userental
D. the of DDT was sharply
market restricted
in the area renewed in theand
early 1970's. of banks to lend money
the willingness
A. extinction;
increased, its numbers are now five times
therefore
greater than market in the area was being
E. the rental
B. extinction;
renewed and its numbers
banks are now fivewilling
were increasingly times to
more than so
lend money,
C. extinction, their numbers now fivefold what
ADVSC432 they were
D. extinction,
Australian now with fivefold
embryologists the numbers
have found evidence ", and its trunk originally evovled"
they had
that suggests that the elephant is descended suggests that this part is parallel to
E.
fromextinction,
an aquatic now with numbers
animal, and its trunk five times
originally the main clause "australian
greater than
evolved as a kind of snorkel. embryologists have found
A. that suggests that the elephant is descended evidence …"
from an aquatic animal, and its trunk originally
evolved
B. that has suggested the elephant descended
from an aquatic animal, its trunk originally
evolving
C. suggesting that the elephant had descended
from an aquatic animal with its trunk originally
evolving
ADVSC433 D. to suggest that the elephant has descended
Unlike
from anSchoenberg's
aquatic animal twelve-tone
and its trunk system that Incorrectly compares 'twelve-tone
originally
dominated the music of the postwar
E.to suggest that the elephant is descended period, system' and 'Bartók'.
Bartók
from anfounded
aquatic no school
animal andand thatleft
itsbehind
trunk only
aoriginally
handful evolved
of disciples.
A. Schoenberg's twelve-tone system that
ADVSC434 dominated
B. Schoenberg and his twelve-tone system
which dominated
C. Schoenberg, whose twelve-tone system
dominated
D. the twelve-tone system of Schoenberg that
has dominated
E. Schoenberg and the twelve-tone system,
dominating
 Sales of wines declined in the late 1980s, but CORRECT ANSWER. 'Red wine'
they began to grow again after the 1991 report correctly modifies 'alcohol'.
that linked moderate consumption of alcohol,
and particularly of red wine, with a reduced
risk of heart disease
A. they began to grow again after the 1991
report that linked moderate consumption of
alcohol, and particularly of red wine, with a
reduced risk of heart disease
B. after the 1991 report that linked a reduced
risk of heart disease with a moderate alcohol
consumption, particularly red wine, they began
ADVSC435 growing again
In
C. ainprevious design,moderate
a 1991 report, the weight of the discus
alcohol "in a previous design, the weight
consumption,
used and particularly
in track competition is concentrated
of red wine, in a is concentrated …" -- does not
which was
metal linked
center, butwith
now a reduced
it is linedrisk of heart
with lead make much sense. This design is
disease, the
around caused them to thereby
perimeter, begin to grow again
improving no longer used. Hence, simple
D. with a in
stability reduced risk of
flight and heart disease
resulting linked in
in longer past would be more appropriate.
athrows.
1991 report with moderate alcohol
consumption,
A. In a previous in particular
design, the redweight
wine, they
of the
began growing again
ADVSC436 discus used in track competition
E. a reduced risk of heart disease linked to is
concentrated
Because
moderatethere in aconsumption
are
alcohol metal center,
provisions theabut
of in new now it
1991 "there are provisions of the new
is
maritime code that provide that
report, and in particular red wine, started even tiny
them maritime code that provide" --
B. According
islets can
growing againbe to
the a previous
basis for design,
claims tothe
the redundant construction.
weight ofand
fisheries theoil
discus
fieldsused in track
of large sea areas,
competition
they was concentrated
have already in a metal
stimulated international
center, but
disputes now
over it is
uninhabited islands.
C. Once
A. designed
Because withprovisions
there are its weightof the new
concentrated
maritime codeinthat
a metal center,
provide thatthe discus
even tiny
used in track competition is now
islets can be the basis for claims to the
D. The discus
fisheries used
and oil in track
fields competition,
of large sea areas,
once
they have already stimulated concentrated
designed with its weight
in
B. aBecause
metal center,
the new butmaritime
now code
ADVSC437 E. The discus used in track
provides that even tiny islets competition
can be thewas
once
basis designed
for claimshaving
to the its weightand oil
fisheries
concentrated in a metal center
fields of large sea areas, it has alreadyand now
stimulated
C. Even tiny islets can be the basis for
claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large
sea areas under provisions of the new
maritime code, already stimulating.
D.Because even tiny islets can be the basis
for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of
large sea areas under provisions of the new
maritime code, this has already stimulated
E. Because even tiny islets can be the basis
for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of
large sea areas under provisions of the new
maritime code, which is already stimulating
 The period when the great painted caves at A noun clause such as "what is
Lascaux and Altamira were occupied by Upper much more difficult to determine"
Paleolithic peoples has been established by is always singular.
carbon dating, but what is much more difficult
to determine are the use to which primitive
peoples put the caves, the reason for their
decoration, and the meaning of the
magnificently depicted animals.
A. has been established by carbon dating, but
what is much more difficult to determine are
B. have been established by carbon dating, but
what is much more difficult to determine are
C. have been established by carbon dating, but
that which is much more difficult to
determine is.
D. has been established by carbon dating,
but what is much more difficult to
determine is
E. are established by carbon dating, but
that which is much more difficult to
determine is

ADVSC438
Mauritius was a British colony for almost 200 "excepting for" incorrectly refers
years, excepting for the domains of to "Mauritius". Furthermore, this
administration and teaching, the English is a run-on sentence (two
language was never really spoken on the island. complete clauses connected by
A. excepting for only a comma).
B. except in
C. but except in
D. but excepting for
E. with the exception of

ADVSC439
Rock samples taken from the remains of an rock samples' is plural and
asteroid about twice the size of the 6-mile- requires plural verbs 'have' and
wide asteroid that eradicated the dinosaurs has 'are' . 'Dated to be' is unidiomatic.
been dated to be 3.47 billion years old and
thus is evidence of the earliest known asteroid
impact on Earth.
A. has been dated to be 3.47 billion years old
and thus is
ADVSC440 B. has been dated at 3.47 billion years old
and thus
C. have been dated to be 3.47 billion years
old and thus are
D. have been dated as being 3.47 billion
years old and thus
E. have been dated at 3.47 billion years old
and thus are
 The company announced that its profits Singular 'it' cannot refer to plural
declined much less in the second quarter than 'profits'.
analysts had expected it to and its business will
improve in the second half of the year.
A. had expected it to and its business will
improve
B. had expected and that its business would
improve
C. expected it would and that it will improve its
business
D. expected them to and its business would
improve
E. expected and that it will have improved its
business

ADVSC441
Like Rousseau, Tolstoi rebelled against the CORRECT ANSWER. 'Rousseau' is
unnatural complexity of human relations in correctly compared with 'Tolstoi'.
modern society.
A. Like Rousseau, Tolstoi rebelled
B. Like Rousseau, Tolstoi's rebellion was
C. As Rousseau, Tolstoi rebelled
D. As did Rousseau, Tolstoi's rebellion was
E. Tolstoi's rebellion, as Rousseau's, was

ADVSC442
Both weakened by concern about the "both weakened by" and "by
government's agreement with the International growing" are not parallel. "which"
Monetary Fund and by growing fears of a rise illogically refers to "dollar".
in inflation, the country's currency continued
its slide to a record low against the dollar,
which forced the central bank to intervene for
the fourth time in a week.
ADVSC443 A. Both weakened by concern about the
Beneath the soil
government's of the Malheur
agreement with the National
International The fungus did not weave and
Forest in eastern Oregon,
Monetary Fund and by growing fearsa fungus hasoffor
a rise grow to become the largest
centuries
in inflation,been
the slowly
country'sweaving
currency its way through organism ("to" specifies intent).
continued
the rootstoofa trees,
its slide recordtolowbecome
againstthe thelargest
dollar,living The result just happened and was
single
which organism
forced known to humans. not intended. This option does not
A. has for centuries been slowly
B. Both concern about the government's weaving its convey the intended meaning
way throughwith
agreement thethe
roots of trees, to Monetary
International become correctly.
B. hasand
Fund slowly
the woven
growing itsfears
way of through theinflation
a rise in roots
of trees forthe
weakened centuries,
country'sand so becoming
currency, continuing
C. that has been slowly weaving
its slide to a record low against the its dollar,
way
through the roots of trees for centuries has
which forced
become
C. Both because it was weakened by concern
ADVSC444 D. thatthe
hasgovernment's
for centuries slowly woven its the
way
about agreement with
through the roots of trees and
International Monetary Fund and by growinghas become
E. that,
fears of having
a raise slowly woven
in inflation, theitscountry's
way through
the roots continued
currency of trees foritscenturies,
slide to ato become
record low
against the dollar, forcing
D. The country's currency, weakened both by
concern about the government's agreement
with the International Monetary Fund and by
growing fears of a rise in inflation, continued its
slide to a record low against the dollar, forcing
 In 1945, after a career as First Lady in which "had been" cannot work as a
she shattered expectations more audaciously substitute for the verb
than either Abigail Adams or Dolly Madison "shattered". "more audaciously
ever had been, Eleanor Roosevelt was than AA or DM had been
appointed a delegate to the United Nations [shattered]" does not make sense.
General Assembly by President Harry S Truman. On the other hand "did [shatter]"
A. more audaciously than either Abigail Adams or "had [shattered]" makes sense.
or Dolly Madison ever had been, Eleanor
Roosevelt was appointed a delegate to the
United Nations General Assembly by President
ADVSC445 Harry S Truman
B. more audaciously than either Abigail Adams
Methane, which has
or Dolly Madison, long been
President Harry counted
S Trumanamong CORRECT ANSWER. Parallelism is
the
had Eleanor Roosevelt appointed to be a in
greenhouse gases that are implicated maintained.
global warming, comes both
delegate to the United Nations General from natural
sources
Assembly such as bogs and from a host of human
sources,
C. with anincluding
audacitycoalnevermines, leaking
matched pipelines,
in the case
landfills, and rice paddies.
of Abigail Adams or Dolly Madison, President
A. thatSare
Harry implicated
Truman in global
had Eleanor warming, comes
Roosevelt
both from
appointed as a delegate to the United Nations
B. that are
General implicated in global warming,
Assembly
coming from both never matched by Abigail
D. with an audacity
C. being implicated
Adams or Dolly Madison, in global warming,
Eleanor comes
Roosevelt
ADVSC446 from both
was appointed
Research a delegate
has shown that to thespeaking,
when United CORRECT ANSWER. Parallelism is
D. implicated
Nations Generalin global
Assembly warming
by and coming
President Harry S maintained.
individuals
both from who have been blind from birth and
Truman
have thus never seen anyone gesture
E.
E. implicated in global
with an audacity warming,
never matched that comein the
either
nonetheless
both from make hand motions just as
case of Abigail
frequently and Adams or of way
in the same DollyasMadison's,
sighted
Eleanordo,
people Roosevelt
and thatwas theyappointed
will gesture to be a
even
delegate to the United
when conversing Nations blind
with another General person.
Assembly
A. have thus by never
President
seenHarry
anyoneS Truman
gesture
nonetheless make hand motions just as
frequently and in the same way as sighted
people do, and that
B. have thus never seen anyone gesture but
nonetheless make hand motions just as
frequently and in the same way that sighted
ADVSC447 people do, and
To help counteract
C. have thus never seenthe adverse
anyoneeffects
gesture, of that
trout "their" does not have an
stocking on the amphibian
they nonetheless make hand populations
motions just in as antecedent. Moreover, "cutting
certain
frequentlymountain lakes,
and in the biologists
same way asare sighted back on trout stocking" and "their
recommending
people do, and cutting back on trout stocking being removed" is not parallel.
on the part
D. thus theyof some
have states
never seenandanyone
even their being
gesture,
removed from some
but nonetheless theypopular
make hand fishing lakes. just
motions
A.
as cutting
frequentlybackandonintrout
the stocking
same way onthat
thesighted
part of
ADVSC448 some
peoplestates
do, andandthat
even their being removed
B. cutting
E. thus theyback
haveonnever
trout seen
stocking
anyoneon the part of
gesture
some states and
nonetheless make even
hand that they remove
motions just as them
C. that trout
frequently stocking
and in the besamecutway
backthat in some
sighted
states
peopleand do, they
and even remove the trout
D. that some states cut back on trout stocking
and even their being removed
E. that some states cut back on trout stocking
and even remove the trout
 According to a new report by the surgeon "they would begin smoking as
general, women with less than a high school women who went to college." --
education had three times the likelihood that this implies that they would start
they would begin smoking as women who smoking in the role of women who
went to college. went to college.
A. had three times the likelihood that they
would begin smoking
B. had three times the likelihood of beginning
smoking
C. were three times more likely to begin to
smoke
D. were three times more likely that they
ADVSC449 would begin to smoke
E. were three times as likely to begin smoking
The discovery of glass being expandable and the option reads - "the discovery
able to be shaped by human breath of glass + modifier". Not the
revolutionized glassworking to such an extent intended meaning. "being
that today "glassblowing" has become the expandable" and "able to be
generic term for all glassworking, whether the shaped" are not parallel.
glass is blown or formed by other techniques.
A. of glass being expandable and able to be
B. of glass that is capable of expansion and
C. of glass being capable of expansion and that
it can be
ADVSC450 D. that glass can be expanded and it is able to
be
The federal
E. that glassimmigration station
can be expanded on Ellis Island,
and This is a sentence fragment. Also,
which was first opened in 1892, then rebuilt in the modifier "processing nearly
1900, processing nearly three quarters of all three quarters of all …" does not
immigrants entering the United States in the make sense with "then rebuilt in
first quarter of the twentieth century. 1900".
A. The federal immigration station on Ellis
Island, which was first opened in 1892, then
rebuilt in 1900, processing nearly three
quarters of all immigrants entering the United
States in the first quarter of the twentieth
century.
B. Having processed nearly three quarters of all
immigrants who enter the United States in the
first quarter of the twentieth century, the
federal immigration station on Ellis Island first
opened in 1892 and then was rebuilt in 1900.
C. Processing nearly three quarters of all
immigrants to enter the United States in the
first quarter of the twentieth century, the
federal immigration station on Ellis Island first
opened in 1892, being rebuilt in 1900.
D. First opened in 1892, then rebuilt in 1900,
the federal immigration station on Ellis Island
ADVSC451 processed nearly three quarters of all
immigrants entering the United States in the
first quarter of the twentieth century.
E. Of all immigrants to enter the United States
in the first quarter of the twentieth century,
the federal immigration station on Ellis Island
processed nearly three quarters of them,
having first opened in 1892 and rebuilt in 1900.
 Many population studies have linked a high-salt "they" and "their" have no clear
diet to high rates of hypertension and shown antecedents.
that in societies where they consume little salt,
their blood pressure typically does not rise
with age.
A. shown that in societies where they consume
little salt, their
B. shown that in societies that have consumed
little salt, their
C. shown that in societies where little salt is
consumed,
D. they showed that in societies where little
salt is consumed,
E. they showed that in societies where they
consume little salt, their

ADVSC452
Surveys have shown that in up to 40 percent of "in up to 40 percent of elderly
elderly people living independently in affluent people …, they have deficient
countries, the consumption of one or more levels of these nutrients in their
essential nutrients is insufficient or they have blood." -- does not make any
deficient levels of these nutrients in their sense.
blood.
A. in up to 40 percent of elderly people living
independently in affluent countries, the
consumption of one or more essential
nutrients is insufficient or they have
ADVSC453 B. in up to 40 percent of elderly people who
live independently
The computer company in affluent countries,
registered a $16they "their profits" is incorrect because
consume
million netone
lossorformore
the essential nutrients
year, largely because it "the computer company" is
insufficiently
was profitableoronlyhaveoverseas, where much of singular.
C. in up
their to 40were
profits percent
usedofforelderly
payingpeople
higherwho
taxes,
live independently
while continuing toinlose affluent
money countries,
in North one or
more essential nutrients are consumed
America.
insufficiently
A. where much or of
having
their profits were used for
D. up tohigher
paying 40 percent
taxes,of elderly
while people living
continuing
independently
B. where muchin ofaffluent countries
their profits wentwhoto pay
consume
higher insufficient
taxes, amounts of one or more
as they continued
essential
C. where nutrients
much of its orprofit
who havewent to pay higher
ADVSC454 E. up to
taxes, 40 percent
while of elderly people who live
it continued
independently
D. with much
According intheir
to aofstudyaffluent countries
profits
published going consume
to
in The pay
New CORRECT ANSWER. Clear and
insufficient
higher
England taxes, amounts
Journalwhile of one oraspirin
continuing
of Medicine, more essential
prevents concise.
nutrients
E. withclots
blood orjust
much have
of as
thewell
profit
as aused for paying
commonly used
higher taxes, as it continued
and more expensive blood-thinning drug does.
A. prevents blood clots just as well as a
commonly used and more expensive blood-
thinning drug does
B. prevents blood clots just as well as does a
commonly used and a more expensive
bloodthinning drug
C. prevents blood clots just as well as will a
ADVSC455 commonly used and more expensive blood-
thinning drug
D. works just as well as a commonly used and
more expensive blood-thinning drug at the
prevention of blood clots
E. works just as well as does a commonly used
blood-thinning drug, which is also more
expensive, at preventing blood clots
 According to scientists at the University of "has increased in the previous
Alaska, while the surface temperature of the thirty years" -- which 30 years are
globe has risen over the last century by about we talking about? Not clear. "has
one degree Fahrenheit, the surface increased" does not make sense
temperature in Alaska, Siberia, and when we are talking about a
northwestern Canada has increased in the completed time in the past.
previous thirty years by about five degrees. (previous 30 years).
A. the surface temperature in Alaska, Siberia,
and northwestern Canada has increased in the
previous thirty years by about five degrees
ADVSC456 B. the surface temperature in Alaska, Siberia,
and northwestern Canada has increased over
A
thedifferent
last thirty variety
yearsofbygiant
about tortoise can be
five degrees CORRECT ANSWER.
found
C. there onwasevery an island
increase in the
in the Galapagos,
last thirtyeach
years
with
by aboutits ownfivestyle
degreesof oversized
in Alaska,dome andand
Siberia,
comically scrawny
northwestern Canada neck.
A.
D. each
it hadwith its owninstyle
increased of oversized
Alaska, Siberia, and dome
ADVSC457 and comically Canadascrawnyby neck
northwestern about five degrees
B.
Margaret
each
over thewith Mead,theirthe
previous ownbest-known
thirty styles
yearsof oversized
anthropologist "like" is not used to suggest
domes
of the twentieth
and comicallycentury,
scrawny
E. it has increased in Alaska, Siberia,helped necksshapeandpublic examples.
C.
opinion
each having
on fundamentally
their own
northwestern Canada over the previous style
important
of oversized
areas like
thirty
dome
attitudes
years by and toward
comically
about children
five scrawny
degrees andneck families, along
D. all relative
with having theirmerits ownof competition
styles of oversized and
domes and comically scrawny necks
cooperation.
E. all
A. shapewithpublic
their own opinion
styleonoffundamentally
oversized dome
and comically
important areas scrawny
like attitudes
neck toward children
and families, along with
B. shape public opinion in such fundamentally
important areas as attitudes toward children
and families and
ADVSC458 C. to shape public opinion about such
fundamentally
Often major economic important areas
shifts arelike attitudesas CORRECT ANSWER - Uses the right
so gradual
toward
to children and families,
be indistinguishable at firstalsofromaboutordinary idiom "so X as Y"
D. the shaping
fluctuations of public
in the opinion
financial markets.for
fundamentally
Experts estimate
A. so gradual asimportant
tothat
be ten areas
times such
indistinguishableas muchas
attitudes
petroleum
B. so gradual toward
exists children
they and
in sources
so that can families,
likebe tar sands,and
those toward
heavy oil, and
indistinguishable
E.
C. the
perhaps shaping
so gradualeventhat ofshale
in public
theythanopinion
are around
in conventional
unable to be
fundamentally
reservoirs.
distinguished important areas like attitudes
toward
A.
D. sources
gradual children
like tar
enough and families,
sands,
not to heavy and oil,those of
and perhaps
be distinguishable
ADVSC459 even in shale than so that one cannot
E. gradual enough
B. sources like
distinguish them tar sands, heavy oil, and perhaps "like" cannot be used to state
even in shale than are examples. Also, "tar sands, heavy
C. such sources as tar sands, heavy oil, and oil, and perhaps even in shale" is
perhaps even in shale as are not parallel. "as much + than" is
D. such sources as tar sands, heavy oil, and unidiomatic.
perhaps even shale as
E. such sources as tar sands, heavy oil, and
ADVSC460 perhaps even shale than
In her 26 years in the forests of Gombe, Jane "exhibit the kind of curiosity so
Goodall collected data that proved that that new patterns of behavior and
chimpanzees expression can be
exhibit the kind of curiosity so that new passed on " -- "so that" specifies
patterns of behavior and expression can be intent. Not logical.
passed on from
each one to others by imitating and practicing
A. exhibit the kind of curiosity so that new
patterns of behavior and expression can be
ADVSC461 passed
on from each one to others by imitating and
practicing
B. will exhibit the kind of curiosity so that new
patterns of behavior and expression can be
passed on from one to another by imitating
and practicing
 Unlike George Wallace in 1968 and John The underlined portion needs to
Anderson in 1980, both of whom running as compare an entity that is similar
independent candidates, H. Ross Perot's to "H.Ross Perot's independent
independent run for the presidency in 1992 run". Incorrect. "both of whom"
arose not from an unsuccessful effort to gain a must be followed by a clause here.
major party nomination but from a desire to
establish a viable third
party in American politics.
A. George Wallace in 1968 and John Anderson
in 1980, both of whom running as independent
candidates,
B. George Wallace in 1968 and John Anderson
in 1980, each of whom ran as independent
candidates,
C. George Wallace in 1968 and John Anderson
in 1980, both of which ran as an independent
candidate,
ADVSC462 D. the independent candidates, George
Wallacethat
Noting in 1968 and John
the Federal Anderson
Reserve had in 1980,a
raised "rising interest rates" is singular.
E. the
key independent
short-term candidacies
interest rate againoflast
George
month,
Wallace in 1968 and John Anderson in 1980,
analysts
said that they expected orders for durable
goods to decline soon because rising interest
rates makes
it more expensive to buy them on credit.
A. rising interest rates makes it more expensive
ADVSC463 to buy them on credit
B. rising
The number
interest
of people
rates make
flyingbuying
first class
on credit
on CORRECT ANSWER.
more expensive
domestic flights rose sharply in 1990, doubling
C. a increase
the rise in interest
of the rates
previous
makeyear.
it more
expensive
A. doublingtothebuyincrease
on creditof
D. doubling
B. a rise in interest
that of the
ratesincrease
make buying
in on credit
more
C. double
expensive
as much as the increase of
E. atwice
D. rise in
asinterest
many asrates
the increase
makes it inmore
expensive
E. twice asfor many
them as to
thebeincrease
boughtof on credit

ADVSC464
 The organic food industry has organized a "grassroots campaign + has
successful grassroots campaign—using Web convinced" is incorrect.
sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings
—that have convinced the Department of
Agriculture to change the
proposed federal regulations for organically
grown food.
A. using Websites, public meetings, and also
mass mailings—that have convinced
B. using Websites, public meetings, and mass
mailings—that has convinced
C. by using Websites, public meetings, and
mass mailings—in convincing
D. by the use of Websites, public meetings, as
well as mass mailings—that convinced
E. which used Websites, public meetings, and
mass mailings—in convincing

ADVSC465
Because the budget package in Congress "or perhaps even if they push
promises a combination of higher taxes and them lower" -- not parallel. "if" is
reduced spending that may slow economic used to introduce conditional
growth, many in the credit markets wonder statements. Its usage here does
whether the Federal not make sense. The pronouns
Reserve will compensate and help the "they" and "them" refer to two
economy by keeping interest rates low, or different things.
perhaps even if
they push them lower.
A. by keeping interest rates low, or perhaps
even if they push
B. by its keeping interest rates low, or perhaps
even by their pushing
C. by keeping interest rates low, or perhaps
even by pushing
D. through their keeping interest rates low, or
perhaps even push
E. through their keeping interest rates low, or
perhaps it will even push

ADVSC466
 United States Senator Daniel Inouye was "that" should not be preceded by
appointed to several posts within the commas. "several posts included
Democratic party assistant majority whip and vice-
during his first term, that included assistant chair …" -- this suggests that
majority whip and vice-chair of the Democratic "assistant majority whip" is
Senatorial Committee. within/part of those posts. Not
A. that included logical.
B. which includes
C. including
D. some of which were
E. among them being

ADVSC467
The thirteen original British colonies in North Correct answer.
America, some formed as commercial
ventures, others
as religious havens, each had a written charter
that set forth its form of government and the
rights
of the colonists.
A. some formed as commercial ventures,
others as religious havens, each had a written
charter
B. some being formed as a commercial
venture, others as religious havens, all of which
had
written charters
C. some that formed as commercial ventures,
others as religious havens, all had written
charters
D. with some being formed as a commercial
venture, others as religious havens, all had a
written charter
E. with some formed as commercial ventures,
ADVSC468 while others as religious havens, each had a
written charter
 The loan company announced it would soon "proven records of their not
lend money to borrowers with proven records paying back their loans on time" --
of their not paying back their loans on time, 1st "their" is not required and
collectively known as the subprime lending hence redundant. Moreover, the
market. modifier "collectively known as …"
A. of their not paying back their loans on time, is too far removed from the noun
B. of not paying back their loans on time, a it should modify -- "borrowers".
group
C. of not paying back their loans on time, with
such a group
D. that they do not pay back their loans on
time,
E. that they do not pay back their loans on
time, such a group

ADVSC469
In 1988, the Council on Economic Priorities
began publishing Shopping for a Better World,
with the simple thesis of consumers having the
power to change companies by the simple
expedient of
refusing to buy.
A. with the simple thesis of consumers having
B. which had the simple thesis of consumers
having
C. where the thesis was simple: consumers
having
D. with a thesis that is a simple one: consumers
have
E. whose thesis was simple: consumers have
The modifier "with the simple
thesis of consumers having ..."
does not make sense as it
describes HOW the Council
"began publishing Shopping for a
Better World". "a simple thesis"
should rather refer to the noun
"Shopping for a Better World". We
need a noun modifier, not an
adverbial modifier like "with".

ADVSC470
 New equipment and other improvements "reduced the amount of time
reduced the amount of time—from eleven needed by workers so that they
hours in 1982 to six in 1988—needed by could produce a ton of steel."
workers so that they could produce a Ton of --"so that" specifies purpose. Does
steel. not make sense here.
A. needed by workers so that they could
produce
B. needed when workers are producing
C. workers need in producing
D. workers needed to produce
E. workers need for their producing of

ADVSC471
Whereas honeybee's stinger is the heavily "because + therefore" is
barbed and cannot be retracted from the Skin, redundant. "stinger is able to be
because pulled out" is incorrect because
the yellow Jacket has a comparatively smooth this is not something that stingers
stinger, it is therefore able to be pulled and CAN do. Sentence fragment. The
used out subordinator "whereas" does not
again. have a main clause to attach.
A. because the yellow jacket has a
comparatively smooth stinger, it is therefore
able to be
pulled out and used
B. the comparative smoothness of the yellow
ADVSC472 jacket's stinger allows them to pull it out and
then can therefore use it
C. the yellow jacket's stinger is comparatively
smooth, and can therefore be pulled out and
used
D. in comparison, the yellow jacket's stinger is
smooth, and thus able to be pulled out and
used
E. in comparison, the yellow jacket has a
smooth stinger, thus allowing it to be pulled
out and
used
B C D
Usage of "being" is incorrect. "by her "in being" is incorrect. Removing OA. Uses bossy verb. Modifier is
suggestion of drunkenness being …" this phrase does not change the concise and accurate
- "being" serves as a modifier. The meaning of the sentence -
sentence nonsensically implies that hence, redundant. Usage of past
she scandalized many people by her perfect - had scandalized - is
suggestion of "drunkenness". Usage incorrect, as we are referring to a
of "as" is incorrect. specific time period 1852-53.
"scandalized most of her
supporters with the suggestion
of drunkenness + Modifier" - is
nonsense. Note that "being" is
used as a modifier.

"Which" modifies the noun idea
located closest to it. In this case it
references country.
"A market ranging" modifies
country. This is incorrect. It
should modify the book market
in the country. Usage of the
pronoun "their" is incorrect. "the
company will increase … in their
share" is nonsensical.
"Which" modifies the noun idea
located closest to it. In this case it
references country. "the company
will increase in its share" is
incorrect.

A ratio that compares to a ratio of 42 CORRECT ANSWER. Correct This is a sentence fragment. It does
times in 1980' is incorrect. "ratio" comparison between 2 rations. not have an active verb. Also, this
cannot compare itself. "42 times" of 'A ratio ….' is an appositive answer option changes the
what? Not clear. modifier that modifies the ratio meaning of the sentence - WE are
used in the main clause. referring only to those who earn
419 times the pay of blue-collar
workers. Also, a recent review does
not indicate "CEO's".
The participial modifier growing
modifies the subject ot the
preceeding clause - the 32 species.
This is incorrect. 'Growing' and
'famous' are not parallel. "as BIG as
30 ft LONG" is redundant and
incorrect.
Correct Answer. The absolute
modifier 'a greater proportion than
… election' refers to "half the
spending in the presidential
election". Also, note the parallelism
with "than" - "in the presidential
campaign of 1992" is parallel to "in
any previous election". Note the
usage of "greater" (vs "more") - we
are referring to a number -
proportion.
Not caused by … but are by' is not
parallel. This is incorrect.
it' is redundant
The participial modifier growing
modifies the subject of the
preceeding clause and not 'killer
whale'. This is incorrect. Usage
of "being" is redundant. The
sentence still means the same
even if "being" is removed.
The only logical antecedent of
'they' is costs. A 'proportion' is
incorrectly compared to 'costs'.
The present perfect tense 'have
been' is incorrect. Simple past
should be used as we are
referring to a specific time - in
any previous election.
CORRECT ANSWER. 'Caused not
by ….. ButANSWER.
CORRECT by' is parallel.
The The
redundancy of option B is
removed. Also, note the
parallelism between the verbs
"is" and "took".
The verb 'includes' should be
'include' as '32 species of dolphin'
is plural. "as BIG as 30 ft LONG" is
redundant and incorrect.
The antecedent of 'which' is not
clear. Grammatically it modifies
'presidential campaign of 1992'.
This is incorrect. 'Than was so' is
incorrect. "so" refers to the entire
clause - "soaring television costs
accounted …" - this makes for a
faulty comparison. We are trying to
compare proportions to
proportions.
caused not by ….. But a' is not
parallel.
"700,000 artists took more than 36
years to complete" - Complete
what? Not clear.
CORRECT ANSWER. "either X or Y". X "either + along with" - incorrect. The 2 clauses around 'but' are not
= logging; Y = surface fires. Note that parallel. 'burning down individual
both X and Y are nouns and are trees' is not parallel to 'do not
grammatically and logically parallel. denude forests'

1. Modifier issue- by sucking ‘which’ incorrectly modifies 'tree CORRECT ANSWER. The modifier is
modifying the wrong subject ‘tree growth'. ‘to change’ is not properly structured and placed. To
growth’ . 'To drop' and 'their parallel to ‘dropping’ change and to drop are parallel.
dropping' are not parallel. Note that The modifier "causing …" refers to
the demonstrative pronoun "this" "woolly adelgid".
cannot refer to an entire clause.

CORRECT ANSWER. The modifier is
properly structured and placed.
Citing … places' incorrectly "had not been counted" - past
modifies '4 million to 6 million'. perfect here implies that this
Note that there is a slight change action happened before the action
in meaning - this option does not in the past tense - "were cast". This
make clear "which study?" is clearly illogical.
whereas other options
specifically refer to "a new study
of the 2000 US Presidential
Election".
Economical' is a wrong word to use Meaning issue-economical is CORRECT ANSWER- Note that
in this sentence. 'Economical' means wrong usage here since "than" requires perfect parallelism.
‘at affordable cost’. economical means ‘at low cost’. This option places two clauses in
parallel - "demographers would
have to know a great deal more"
AND "they do now". Note the
usage of the hypothetical "would".
This implies an unreal/unlikely
scenario. For example - If I were
tall, I would be in the basketball
team. (I am not tall; hence, I am
not in the basketball team).
similarly, this question talks about
an unreal situtaion. i.e.
demographers DO NOT know a
great deal more about economic
determinants of fertility. Hence,
they CANNOT develop more
accurate population forecasts.

CORRECT ANSWER- Compares rate United States does not consume Rate of fatty food' is a wrong
of comsuption
CORRECT in twoRemoves
ANSWER- countries
all the fatty food.a It's
We need people
"that" herethere who phrase.
to talk We needFatty foodhere
a "that" has no rate.
to talk
issues pointed in option A about an idea. We are not just about an idea. We are not just
referring to "expectations of referring to "expectations of
personal spending" but an IDEA personal spending" but an IDEA
THAT "personal spending would THAT "personal spending would
more than double that of ..". more than double that of ..". "that
Usage of "that it more than of 1.4 percent growth". The
doubled …" is incorrect. Note pronoun "that" does not refer to
than an appositive phrase must anything. The comma + -ing
be parallel to the phrase/clause modifier at the end - "more than
it modifies. You need doubling ..." does not make sense
"expectations that ...". Usage of either as a descriptor or as an
simple past is incorrect. We need effect.
future-in-the-past tense (would).
CORRECT ANSWER. The idiom 'so … The idiom form is ' so.. That …'.
that .. ' is used correctly. The sentence does not conform
to the idiom. "they" refers to
"many skeletons".
The idiom form is ' so.. That …'.
The sentence does not conform to
the idiom. "they" refers to "many
skeletons". Also, "skeletons"
cannot presume anything."so that"
implies intention. It seems to imply
that they have presumed
something with the intention that
some paleoentologists argued
that ... - clearly illogical.

‘a number of remedies’ must have
plural ‘include’ instead of singular
'includes'. 'Which' incorrectly
modifies shark population.
the establishment', 'the closing'
and 'requiring' are not parallel.
'Which' incorrectly modifies
shark population.
CORRECT ANSWER. The sentence
maintains parallelism. The
participial modifier 'including'
correctly modifies the entire
preceeding clause.

CORRECT ANSWER. Removes all the this sentence seems to imply
issues of option A that "society is almost all
females". Incorrect. We need to
say "society consists …"
Society cannot be almost entirely
females. It can consist of almost
entirely females. "and it is almost
entirely …" - the "it" breaks the
parallelism.

CORRECT ANSWER. 'so cold' and 'so
reflective' are parallel. The ';'
seperates two indpendent but
related clauses.
temperatures are so cold' and
'ice cap so reflective' are not
parallel. (One is a clause; the
other is a phrase). Note that we
cannot use a coordinating
conjunction to make a present
tense clause and a hypothetical
clause in parallel.
Usage of 'so that' is incorrect. It
seems to imply intent; there is
none in the sentence.
'temperatures are so cold' and 'ice
cap reflective' are not parallel.
this option seems to imply that
moderate gains were due to "their
sales" - clearly illogical. (Note that
"having been" functions as a
modifier.). "as much … as bad as
because …" Is wrong. Usage of
"having been …" is not required
here. It suggests an action prior to
another action. No such sequence
exists here.
this option seems to imply that CORRECT ANSWER. Idiom ' as
moderate gains were due to much as' is correctly used.
"their sales" - clearly illogical. Parallelism is maintained
(Note that "being" functions as a
modifier.). "as much … as bad as
because …" Is wrong.

possible' and 'may' are redundant.
possible' and 'may' are melting the polar ice caps' is an
redundant. This answer option action, not a consequence. "sea
nonsensically implies that "polar levels that are rising" seems to
ice caps" and "sea levels" are imply that "sea levels" are
consequences of the greenhouse consequence of the greenhouse
effect. effect - not logical.

Scientists did not report the "earth's
northern latitudes" but the idea that
"earth's northern latitudes have
grown warmer". Usage of "having
become …" is incorrect. It implies a
prior action in a sequence of events.
What was the next action in the
sequence?
CORRECT ANSWER. Note that we
need the present perfect "have
become" because of the time
indicator - since 1980.
"gathered by satellites" needs to
be an essential modifier because
we are referring to a specific type
of data - data gathered by
satellites. Scientists did not report
the "earth's northern latitudes"
but the idea that "earth's northern
latitudes have grown warmer".
Usage of "having become …" is
incorrect.

"being" is used here as a modifier. We do not use "contrary" to CORRECT ANSWER. Compares
This sentence then essentially compare people. colleagues with BM.
means "were of the conviction of
genes + Modifier" - this sentence is
clearly nonsense.
"an investigation + have" is incorrect. CORRECT ANSWER. Parallelism is
The investigation did not find "all
twelve hospitals" but the idea that
"all twelve broke the law". "with
more than half the residents …"
serves as a modifier to "that many
residents work for 24 hours
straight". However, this usage is
incorrect as the action in the
modifier does NOT have any bearing
on the action in the main clause - i.e.
how they worked 24 hours straight.
this option breaks the parallelism
between "all twelve ..." and "that
many residents ...". Note also that
we need an "and" to connect them.
‘unlike/like + preposition' is always
wrong. 'Not buying' and 'leave' are
not parallel. 'Not also buy' is
incorrect. Just 'not' would be better.
'as well + also' is redundant.
"shoppers in … shop very little" is
blatantly redundant.
the sentence basically reads -
maintained. "twelve hospitals were investigated
by state medical hospitals +
modifier" - clearly not the main
idea. The investigation did not find
"all twelve hospitals" but the idea
that "all twelve broke the law". "all
twelve breaking the laws" is not
parallel to the clause "more than
half the surgical residents work ..."
"do very little impulse shopping" Correct comparison.
and "do not buy a pair of .."
must not be in parallel. The
second serves as a description of
the first. Also note that A,B, but
C is incorrect. You can only use
"and/or" in this configuration.
If the intervening modifiers are
removed, the sentence reads -
"minivans … they cost less,". The
"they" is redundant. "compared
with" seems to refer to "seven
passengers"
CORRECT ANSWER. 'They' correctly creation' and 'constructing' are
refers to 'Budha images'. 'On not parallel. 'constructing' and
creation' and 'On construction' are 'decoration' are not parallel.
parallel.
The participial modifer 'having;
modifies the entire preceeding
clause 'who dwelt ..... floor'. This
does not make sense as "having the
power …" has no bearing on where
he dwelt.
since there is no
(greater/less/more/higher) ‘than’
A leading figure .. ' incorrectly
modifies ‘two major books’. This is
incorrect. Use of 'like' is incorrect.
'Like' should always be followed by a
noun or noun clause.
1. Parallelism issue-list is not "compared with …" refers to
parallel 2. sentence "seven passengers".
fragment-‘minivans have a lower
cost, they get beter'
Who dwelt' and 'who has' is not
parallel. The first part is in simple
past. The second is in simple
present.
Correct Answer. ‘that’ refers to
‘price’ andfigure
A leading it makes sense.
.. ' incorrectly
modifies ‘two major books’. This
is incorrect. 'Just as' is not the
correct idiom here.
"and" requires parallelism. This
option places a clause in parallel to
a phrase - "and also on
constructing and …" Note also that
we do not need a comma before
AND. We use a comma only to
connect two independent clauses
or 3 or more items in a list.
"with the power of giving and
taking …" modifies the preceding
clause. However, it does not have
any bearing on the action depicted
in that - "dwelt".
"what the drug's maker charges
for another
Similar product"
to' must is the same
be followed by a
noun, not a clause. "similar to"
also seems to modify "democratic
capitalism".
The pronoun 'have' incorrectly refers CORRECT ANSWER. The The pronoun 'have' incorrectly
to singular 'coyote'. "ability of" is modifiers are correctly refers to singular 'coyote'. The
unidiomatic. structured and placed. Singular modifier "though subject …..
pronouns are used to refer to Century' incorrectly modifies
'coyote' 'amazing ability of the coyote'.
"expand the range" - usage of
"the" is incorrect. Not clear what
range we are referring to.

by placing the clause after "which"
as a non-essential modifier the
sentence basically reads - "the AM-1
is one of the many new satellites" -
clearly not the main idea. "which"
must refer to "the many new
satellites". Hence, usage of "is" is
incorrect. the sentence also
nonsensically reads - "how Earth's
atmosphere, oceans, and land
surfaces interact to detailed
scrutiny". this is nonsensical.
by placing the clause after effort for 15 years' implies that the
"which" as a non-essential satellites were part of the effort for
modifier the sentence basically 15 years but that the effort itself
reads - "the AM-1 is one of the has lasted for more than 15 years.
many new satellites" - clearly not
the main idea. The sentence also
nonsensically reads - "how
Earth's atmosphere, oceans, and
land surfaces are interacting to
detailed scrutiny". this is
nonsensical. Also, the sentence
should read "effort to subject".

CORRECT ANSWER. 'Cultivation', 'the Incorrect usage of 'like'. 'Such' as Cultivation', 'harvest', and
harvesting' and 'exploitation of' are needs to be used to give 'exploiting' are not parallel. Usage
parallel. Note that we can have examples. "and" requires of "their" - "their cultivation" - is
action nouns such as parallelism. "basing it on" is not not required and also breaks the
"cultivation/exploitation" in parallel parallel to anything. parallelism with "the harvest" and
to complex gerunds such as "the "cultivation", "harvesting", and "exploiting".
harvesting" but not in parallel to "the exploiting" are not parallel.
simple gerunds such as "harvesting". Also, note that the GMAT prefers
the action form of the noun -
"exploitation" to the gerund
form - "exploiting".
Idiom issue- ‘so..that’ is the correct
idiom. ‘so..so that’ is wrong. The
sentence also does not answer the
question - lobbying by whom? "so
that" denotes intent. The sentence
says that lobbying was persistent so
as to get Roosevelt to recruit
Perkins.
So dogged' and 'persistent' are
not parallel. "her lobbying for
wage and hour reforms
persistent" modifies "so dogged
were …" - this does not make
sense.
Idiom issue- ‘so..that’ is the correct
idiom. ‘so..so that’ is wrong.The
modifier 'So dogged …. Persistent'
incorrectly modifies AES. 'So
dogged' and 'was so persistent' are
not parallel. The sentence also
does not answer the question -
lobbying by whom?

Note that "directly" modifies the
prepositional phrase "with an
ichana". We are not sure whether
the contact is direct, but the means
of achieving contact is direct. We
need to use the preposition "by" to
indicate a method. "it" cannot refer
to the plural compound noun
"physical and spiritual level"
Usage of 'last' is incorrect. 'latter' CORRECT ANSWER. Removed
should be used with two things. pronoun ambiguity.
Also note that "directly" modifies
"with an ichana". We are not
sure whether the contact is
direct, but the means of
achieving contact is direct.

‘more..as’ is wrong idiom. 'More ..
Than..' is the correct idiom.
Does not answer the question - ‘any month’ is incorrect as 'July'
What was there? 'as low as that itself is part of any month.
which' is incorrect construction.
Note that we cannot use the
past tense "was" with a period
indicator such as "since October
1987". We need a perfect tense.
CORRECT ANSWER. 'Not just by' and
'but by' are parallel. Continuos form
'becoming' and 'writing' used
correctly.
‘the themes’ requires plural ‘are’
instead of singular ‘is’. The clause
"also it occasionally deals with …" is
separated only by a comma. This
sentence is a run-on
by skimming' incorrectly modifies
proponents
"because of drugs + Modifier" ‘which’ incorrectly modifies
(Modifier = that are becoming) - ‘prescription drugs’. 'Not just
this seems to say that the because' and 'but doctors are' are
phenomenon is occurring not parallel.
because of drugs - not the
intended meaning. Also note
that this option states that ONLY
some drugs are becoming more
expensive. Not the original
meaning. The usage of "also" is
incorrect. this usage then begs
the question - what else did they
write? - to warrant the use of
also. Also, "having written"
implies a prior action in a
sequence of events. Where is the
other action?
This is a run on sentence -two CORRECT ANSWER. Subject and
independent clauses that are verb are in agreement.
connected by comma. "they +
deals" is incorrect.
the sentence basically reads (if "because of + Verb-ing" is
you remove the non-essential considered unidiomatic.
modifier) - "could fly … in under
two hours with it skimming along
the top of the atmosphere" - this
is awkward and incorrect.
that of moderate growth' is
incorrect. There is no antecedent for
the pronoun 'that'. The participial
modifier makes the sentence a
fragment by introducing 'and'.
This is a sentence fragment. If that of moderate growth' is
the modifiers are removed, the incorrect. There is no antecedent
sentence reduces to "policy for the pronoun 'that'. "will be
makers at the federal reserve certain" changes the meaning by
who are almost certain …" - not a implying that the action will
complete clause. happen in the future, not now.
(right now, they might change the
rates).

the prepositional phrase "with
interactions …" serves as an
adverbial modifier to "collects and
transmits". This usage is incorrect as
the modifier has no bearing on
those verbs.
"affects" does not agree with the
plural noun "interactions".
Singular 'is' cannot refer to plural
'interactions'. We do not use
present continuous to state
general truths. Use simple present
instead.

The present perfect 'Have led' is
incorrect.We are referring to a
specific time - 1876-1904.
The present perfect 'Have led' is
incorrect. Simple past 'led'
should be used. 'To serve' is
preferred over 'For serving' since
we are talking about
goals/purpose. Moreover, this
option does not make it clear
when the construction
happened but modifies "led"
(tells us when the concerns led)
the main idea of the sentence is
"there were concerns about public
health" - this is not the intended
idea. "leading to …" seems to
modify "public health". "serving
boston" seems to imply that the
sewers were in place during the
construction. (Note that -ing
modifiers do not have any tense).
Also, this option seems to talk
about "specific" concerns. this
distorts the meaning. "leading
to ..." must be separated by a
comma to denote effect.
Idiom is ‘between X and Y’ not
'between x with that of y'. The
correct idiom is "so much X as Y".
Here, "as" is replaced with "but
instead".
CORRECT ANSWER. Idiom used this answer option changes the
correctly meaning of the sentence. The
original sentence says that "any
specific skill" is less of a cause than
"in our ability to extend
knowledge". This option says it
does not lie "in any specific skill".

‘to recognize’ and ‘of spontaneously
grasping’ are not parallel.
'Themselves' has no antecedent as
"dolphins''' is a possessive noun.
"considered as" is unidiomatic.
‘of recognizing’ and ‘to grasp’ are "Consider as" is unidiomatc.
not parallel. Also, this sentence "ability of" is unidiomatic.
says "studies indicate dolphins .."
- illogical. We need a "that" after
indicate. "capable to grasp" is
unidiomatic.

This is a sentence fragment as it has Children are compared to "being" is used as a modifier. Here,
not active verb. Also, this option parents incorrectly. "to be self- it is redundant since removing the
refers to a specific group of confident", "have a high self- term does not alter the meaning of
authoritative parents - ONLY those esteem" and "to be responsibly the sentence. "to have self-
authoritative parents who are more independent" are not parallel. confidence, a high self-esteem,
likely to have self-confident children. We do not use "the" with and be responsibly independent"
"that" cannot refer to people - in this comparative terms. are not parallel. "they" does not
case children. agree with "adolescent".
singular ‘market’ needs singular
‘is’ not plural ‘are’. 'Like' is used
incorrectly to give examples.
Continous form 'remaining' is not
preferred. "those of" is redundant.
"aluminium" is a commodity.
If A and B are in parallel, they must This is a sentence fragment. The Was extended' is in the passive
be two separate/independent
things. B must not be a description.
"and" requires parallelism. "not
necessarily that …" is not parallel to clauses around and are parallel
temporary factors. Putting this in
parallel to "said that …" makes the
sentence - "analysts said not
necessarily that …" - illogical.
"rules" do not have an intent. We
need a "that" after "ensuring".
Usage of "to be" distorts the
meaning. This suggests that the
nurses are assigned before the
patients are put through triage. "at
least" seems to modify "to be
assigned". Also note that "ensure" is
not a bossy verb and thus needs
"is", not "to be".
CORRECT ANSWER. 'Such as' is singular ‘market’ needs singular
correctly used to give examples. ‘remains’ not plural ‘remain’
Subject and verb are in
agreement.
modifier has no active verb. voice. It implies an external actor
(someone) extended/increased the
length of the roads - not the
original meaning (the road
stretched from point A to point B).
Note that "being" here is
redundant. Removing this does not
change the meaning of the
sentence.
CORRECT ANSWER. The two The usage of "while" is not correct
here. "while not necessarily a
and share the same subject. foreshadowing…" does not have a
bearing on the main clause "the
increase resulted from temporary
factors".
"rules" do not have an intent. Usage of "ensure + should" is
"rules" do not ensure "At least incorrect. "ensure" = Must;
one nurse". We need a "that" "should" = a moral obligation (not
after "ensure". The emergency compulsory).
room is not put through triage.
CORRECT ANSWER. Removes all the Like X that the Y' is incorrect. Incorrect comparison. Grassy fields
issues of option A. Maintains "that" does not refer to anything. and Old pastures are compared to
parallelism The use of 'due to' is incorrect. "sandpipers' vanishing". "like X, Y
"due to" refers to "northeastern …" should not have an intervening
United States". modifer; in this case - "in the
northeastern united states".

A present participle (such as
RAISING) implies an action
happening at the same time as the
main action (HAS PROPOSED).
However, "raising" happens in the
future not in the past. (has
proposed).
"which" must be preceded by a CORRECT ANSWER. Correctly uses
comma. The usage of "raises" the pronoun 'whose'. Uses simple
impllies that the action is taking future 'will raise'. It is concise.
place now whereas the projects
are still in proposal stage. We
need to use the future tense -
"will".

Plural 'trenches' cannot be used in
conjunction with singular 'yields'.
Use of past continous 'were arising'
is not preferred. Use it when an
action in the past was interrupted by
another action.
Use of past continous 'were
arising' is not preferred.
"simultaneously of" is
unidiomatic (as is implied in the
sentence). We need to say
"simultaneously with".
'Plural 'trenches' cannot be used in
conjunction with singular
'yields'.Use of past continous 'were
arising' is not preferred. "evidence
of centrally adminstered societies"
is not the intended meaning. The
intended meaning is the idea THAT
"centrally administered societies
arose simultaneously with more
celebrated cities of Mesopotamia".
"simultaneously of" is unidiomatic
(as is implied in the sentence). We
need to say "simultaneously with".
The usage of "but" is incorrect. The
usage of passive voice - "is trimmed"
- implies that some one else will be
responsible for reducing the output
of non-OPEC nations, not those
countries themselves.
Note that we cannot use future "were trimming" implies an unreal
tenses such as "would" in situation - that is non-OPEC
conditional clauses. "would be countries are NOT trimming their
trimmed" is a passive output now. Then the use of
construction - implies that some "future real" tense "will pare" is
one else will be responsible for incorrect. We need the
reducing the output of non-OPEC hypothetical "would".
nations, not those countries
themselves.

"in turn an activation …" modifies "it" seems to refer to "the Virtual CORRECT ANSWER. Expresses
"exhibit" - illogical. Leonardo Project". Causality is causality correctly and is concise.
not expressed clearly.

The plural subject 'Surge in Sales and Plural 'have' cannot refer to
Drop in unemployment' should have singular 'economy'. "by some
plural verb 'suggest', not singular analysts" suggests passive voice.
verb 'suggests'. "so weak as" is The sentence then reads - "as
unidiomatic. weak as the economy was
previously thought by some
analysts". We need the infinitive
"to be" to make the meaning
clear - "as weak as the economy
was previously thought to be by
some analysts".
so weak as' construction is
unidiomatic. This is a sentence
fragment as it does not have an
active verb. "by some analysts"
suggests passive voice. The
sentence then reads - "as weak as
the economy was previously
thought by some analysts". We
need the infinitive "to be" to make
the meaning clear - "as weak as
the economy was previously
thought to be by some analysts".

Its' refers to tea. Tea does not have
many possibilities. This distorts the
measning of the sentence.
"it" must refer to "brewed "preventing AND inhibiting" does
leaves" (besides = as well not make sense. If it "prevents", no
as/along with/in addition to). question of "inhibits" arises. We
Also, "prevents AND inhibits" need to use "OR" instead.
does not make sense. If it
"prevents", no question of
"inhibits" arises.
CORRECT ANSWER. Two phrases are "but" must be followed by a
connected in parallel.
which' incorrectly modifies 'New
clause. Note that we do not use York'. Note that the contrast
a comma before "and" to between "40 ft wide … but ran 363
separate two phrases, only two miles" is missing
clauses. Hence ", and ran" is
incorrect. Note that the
contrast between "40 ft wide …
but ran 363 miles" is missing. But
there is a false contrast between
"ran 363 miles but the Erie Canal
connected ..."

"both X and Y" - X and Y must be This is a sentence fragment as it CORRECT ANSWER. Removed the
perfectly parallel. does not have an active verb. word 'both'
this reads "clouds form by sun's
warmth + Modifier" - not the
intended meaning.
The second clause after ';' is a
sentence fragment as it does not
have an active verb. 'what
accounted' is redundant as removing absolute phrase.
that does not change the meaning
of the sentence.
CORRECT ANSWER. Correctly uses
present perfect 'has contributed'
along with "since".
CORRECT ANSWER. Modifiers are the placement of the modifier
correctly structured and placed. "warmed by the sun" is incorrect.
The past-participle modifier must
refer to a noun phrase immediately
before it. (not present here).
"which" refers to "dust" - illogical.
CORRECT ANSWER. Note that Sentence fragment. Also, if we
the construction at the end - remove the intervening non-
"the remainder + coming" is an essential modifier, the sentence
reads - "increases in the sales of
the 50 drugs that were advertised
most heavily while the remainder
of the increase came" - Illogical.
"it" refers to noun + all its "having" is problematic, because
modifiers. "it" = "more than a mexico doesn't "have" that share
quarter of all foreign born of people anymore. (the people
residents of the United States". are gone from mexico--they live in
"largest share for any country to the US now).
contribute" -seems to imply that
there is a maximum limit.
The plural subject 'movements'
needs plural verb 'are'.
The modifier 'While studying the The antecedent of 'it' is not very
….corn' incorrectly modifies ' a new clear.
class of genes'. It should rather
modify BM. Singular 'class of genes'
needs singular 'was', not plural
'were'.
"which" can jump over prepositions
but not over participles like "facing".
Plural 'challenges' should refer to
plural 'include' not singular
'includes'. "threat" is not perfectly
parallel to "declining".
"in parallel lines" seems to modify
"mammals". Also, "tubes" does not
make it clear - Which tubes are we
referring to? Answer option A
clarifies this by using "the" - "the
tubes" makes it clear that we are
referring to tubes that convey
nutrients.
CORRECT ANSWER. The plural subject 'movements'
needs plural verb 'are'.
"synchronize to" is unidiomatic.
CORRECT ANSWER. The absolute
modifier is correctly used.
Modifiers are correctly placed and
structured.
Threat from' is incorrect. "Threat CORRECT ANSWER. Uses 'threat
of' is preferred. 'Sales for' is of', 'sales of'. 'threat' and 'decline'
incorrect. = "sales for the sake are parallel.
of". 'Sales of' is preferred.
"included" is redundant when
used with "among". "these" is
incorrect as demonstrative
pronouns must have a noun to
modify. They cannot be used
independently.
Incorrect comparison between Incorrect comparison between
'mammals' and 'bird's tubes'. 'mammals' and 'tubes'.
'Where' is used incorrectly.
Where should only modify
places. Also, "tubes" does not
make it clear - Which tubes are
we referring to?
The list should be parallel to Jane RW and RE are not novels. The RW and RE are not novels. The list
Toomer's Cane. RW's Native son list following - should have following - should have novels.
would be a better option. Note that novels.
"including" should not be followed
by an exhaustive list.
For example -
Yesterday, I visited three places,
including townhall and the circus.
(correct - only a partial list).
Yesterday, I visited three places,
including townhall, the circus, and
the mayor's office. (incorrect -
mentions all three places).

Sitting' incorrectly modifies "a firm sits' and 'providing' are not CORRECT ANSWER. Absolute
in Scotland". parallel. modifier is correctly used. 'Sits'
and 'Provides' are parallel.

This is a sentence fragment as it has "with the cost of …" and "mobile CORRECT ANSWER.
not active verb. phones have …" are not parallel.

This distorts the meaning. She was
not injured while she was being
discharged. "joined" and "was
discharged" are not connected by an
AND.
Usage of two ANDs is not Injured three times' is in active
necessary. Removing "because" voice and changes the meaning of
removes the causality and the sentence. It implies that she
changes the meaning of the injured someone else three times.
sentence. This sentence does not Also, note that we need the past
tells us WHY she was discharged. perfect "had become too ill" to
indicate the sequence of events
clearly.
Singular 'merger' needs to have a
singular verb 'is' not plural 'are'.
Singular 'merger' needs to have a Singular 'merger' needs to have a
singular verb 'is' not plural 'are'. singular verb 'is' not plural 'are'.
Use of "future continuous" is not There need to be two companies.
required when "simple future" This option also seems to say that
will do. Also, this option seems "the merger" itself is doing "the
to imply that the network itself intending"; the merger has an
will market the utilities - illogical. intent - illogical.
The network is created TO
market the utilities.

We need to use the same tenses
here as both actions happen
simultaneously. "is committing" and
"committed" occur at different
times. Also, we do not need to use
the present continuous here as we
are talking about general truths.
"commits" is the correct tense.
Singular 'its' cannot refer to
plural 'corporations'. "acts" and
"benifited" should happen at the
same time. Using different
tenses for them makes this
option incorrect. "on the
condition" is not parallel to AND
"if".
Singular 'employee' cannot be
used in conjunction with plural
'commit'. "while acting within the
scope …" seems to refer to "it"
(crime) - not the intended
meaning.

Incorrectly compares 'range' and "so many as" is unidiomatic. CORRECT ANSWER.
'male bear'. "so many as" is "with males" incorrectly modifies
unidiomatic. "occupying 50 to 300 "while the typical range".
square miles…" refers to "female
grizzly bear in the Rockies". Not
clear "what do they occupy?"
CORRECT ANSWER. Correct use of
'such as''. "not just in calamitous
bursts …" seems to imply that
erosion occurs continuously as well
as in calamitous bursts.
Note that we cannot use any future
tense such as "would" with
conditionals(an if clause). "is about
half a mile wide" is not parallel to
"part of the planet could experience
…". Note that joining two
independent clauses "part of the
planet …" and "it would do ..."
without a comma is considered
incorrect.
CORRECT ANSWER. 'Both' used
correctly. 'for business' and 'for
general' are parallel.
"it" cannot refer to "coins"/"dollars".
Also, this implies that ONLY about
857 million dollars proved
unpopular.
"like" is not used to specify This is a sentence fragment.
examples. "not in just …" distorts "which" incorrectly modifies
the meaning. Use of present "hurricanes". Also, note that "has"
continuous - "is continuously does not agree with "hurricanes".
occuring" - for general truths is
incorrect. Also, this option is a
sentence fragment as it does not
have a main verb.
CORRECT ANSWER. 'that is' and Usage of "would" (future in the
'that could' are parallel. 'Were', past/hypothetical) is incorrect.
'could' and 'would' correctly "but it would probably …" is not
describe a hypothetical situation. parallel to "can do part of the
'Could' and 'would' are parallel. planet …" (No subject in the first
half).
Breaks parallelism. 'Business past participial modifiers describe
journals' and 'for general' are not the immediately preceding
parallel. "when focused" noun/noun-phrase. "significanlty"
nonsensically implies that is an adverb. Hence, incorrect. The
"advertising income has usage of a conditional "especially if
significantly reduced ONLY focused …" does not make sense.
WHEN focused on technology". "focused …" should have referred
to "magazines" but here it refers to
"advertising income".
Also, this implies that ONLY Also, this implies that ONLY about
about 857 million dollars proved 857 million dollars proved
unpopular. "it" cannot refer to unpopular. "it" cannot refer to
"dollars". "dollars".
Incorrectly compares 'energy' and CORRECT ANSWER. Correct
'Germany'. "33 percent" of what? - comparison between nuclear
germany uses just over 33 percent - energy.
changes the meaning. Germany
does not use 33 percent of nuclear
energy.
CORRECT ANSWER. 'To distinguish' "this" cannot refer to a clause.
and 'to make' are parallel. "as a Also, note that we cannot use
result" = "therefore/thus". demonstrative
pronouns/adjectives
independently.
"are being" implies that the action is since "each" works alone, you're
happening right now. talking about ALL of the
dwellings.
"with" modifiers should describe
only a component/aspect/sub-
part of the previous observation;
they shouldn't characterize the
entire observation.
"because of + Verb-ing" is Capability in dealing' is
considered unidiomatic. unidiomatic.
Not clear what "the energy" refers
to. Of the world? Of Germany? Not
clear. Seems to imply that 33
percent of ALL energy comes from
Germany.
We do not use a comma before the
"and" to join two verb phrases.
Also, the second part - "results in
not making sense of speech" -
seems to imply that this happens
for ALL the population, not to a
specific group of children.
"to be" is not required.. Removing
it makes the sentence much more
clear. "to be supported" means
that someone/something planned
to support it but did not do it then.
"with roofs …" serves as an
adverbial modifier and should
describe HOW they lived in "open-
sided dwellings". Does not make
sense as what follows "with" MUST
describe "open-sided dwellings".
Usage of "specially" is incorrect.
"specially" = "in a special manner";
"especially" = "particularly".
"capability to" is unidiomatic.
"which" illogically refers to It' has no antecendent. "while CORRECT ANSWER. Modifier is
"paleoentologists". "digging …" digging …" should have modified correctly placed and structured.
should modify paleoentologists. "paleoentologists".

It' has no antecedent. Usage of past Use of past perfect form 'had CORRECT ANSWER. Uses simple
continuous "were routinely falling" is been' is not correct. We are presente 'overcome'. Expresses
not required. referrring to a specific time in casuality correctly. The participial
the past - "in the mid 1970s". modifier 'prompting' correctly
Causality of 'overcome from modifies the entire preceeding
poullution' and 'routinely fell' is clause.
not expressed. "devise a plan
that reduced emissions" -
incorrect. Reduced is in the
future of "devise". Hence, we
need "future in the past" -
"would".

"called for" indicates an intention. CORRECT ANSWER. It is concise "called for" indicates an intention.
We need to use "so that" to specify and conveys the meaning We need to use "so that" to specify
intention. accurately. intention.

CORRECT ANSWER. Clear and
concise. Parallelism is maintained.
"had taken 7 years to complete" A work …' incorrectly modifies
- for whom? Not clear. Usage of 'Iliad'. It should modify 'his
'it' introduces redundancy. translatin of illiiad'. Usage of 'it'
introduces redundancy. "took 7
years until completion" - for
whom? Not clear. "Until" used as a
preposition = "up to" (seven years
up to completion is Wrong)
Usage of 'but' and instead' "that" seems to refer to "millions CORRECT ANSWER. "Produced not
introduces redundancy. "that" of years". by' 'but by' is correct.
seems to refer to "millions of years".

Not only whether' and 'but also if'
are not parallel. Note also that "if" is
used to state a condition not a
choice.
not only investigate' and 'but
also if' are not parallel. Use of
'whether or not' introduces
redundancy. Usage of "if" is
incorrect.
not only to investigate' and 'but
also whether' are not parallel.
"whether or not" is redundant.

A critique' and 'his envisioning' are
not parallel.
A critique' and envisioning' are
not parallel. "a critique" refers to
"Essay on Heat and Light"
whereas "envisioning" refers to
"Humphry Davy".
Critiquing' and 'vision' are not
parallel. "critiquing" refers to
"Humphry Davy" whereas "vision"
refers to "Essay on Heat and Light".
Also, this sentence seems to imply
that Davy only criticized chemistry
from Robert Boyle.

Does not use the subjunctive mood. Does not use the subjunctive "condition of" is incorrect here.
Also, note that since this was spoken mood. "condition of not having their
in the past, we need to use the names …" seems to imply that
future in the past - would. "not having their names …" has a
condition. However, the phrase
following "condition" IS the
condition
forming' and 'to lay' are not parallel. "having bricks formed …" is not CORRECT ANSWER. 'To form' and
parallel to "they were laid …" 'To lay' are parallel.

Refers to ONLY those archaeologists
who need a background in art
history. "just as" needs to be
followed by a clause.
CORRECT ANSWER. Correctly Incorrect idiom. 'Just as .. So' is the
compares the two idiom, not 'Like … so'. Refers to
archaeologists. Note the ONLY those archaeologists who
correlative conjunction - Just as X need a background in art history.
so (too) Y.

"because of Verb + -ing" is "Allows that" is unidiomatic. Use of verb form 'have been' is
considered unidiomatic. incorrect and redundant.

who broke' and 'they recorded' are
not parallel. "those of" is incorrect.
What of horses? We are comparing
"human runners" to "horses".
CORRECT ANSWER. 'broke' and "Unlike X, Y" - note that we cannot
'have consistently recorded' are have intervening modifiers before
parallel. Correct usage of present Y. So, "in those of …" is incorrect.
perfect 'have recorded'. Conveys "those" does not have a proper
the meaning clearly. antecedent. We cannot say "races
of classic races …". "horses have
had winning times with little
improvement" - seems to imply
that they NO longer have such
times.
"but which" is not parallel to
anything. Also, note that, in this
case, but MUST join two
independent clauses. "Marconi
conceived …" is an independent
clause. "which is precisely the
opposite" is NOT an independent
clause.
CORRECT ASNWER. It is concise Concieved of X to be Y' is incorrect.
and conveys the meaning of the This option also nonsensically says
sentence clearly. ANY "tool for private conversation"
is "a substitute for the telephone".
Also, note that there are no
contrast indicators in the sentence.

That' has no antecedent. This causes "overlaid" is a modifier. "banked overlaid' and 'was banked' are not
an incorrect comparison. them" functions as a verb parallel. "overlaid" = modifier.
phrase. Also, it must attach to
Yana, not to "its framework of
poles".

"among" is a preposition. Hence, "on earth" modifies the verb "is This is a sentence fragment. There
"surest indications" cannot be the believed". Seems to imply that it is no active verb. Note that "their"
subject. "the rate" is the subject. is believed on earth that the cannot refer to "tree" (also note
'Rate' is singular. Hence singular verb surest indications (presumably in that "tree" seems to be an
'is' and not 'are' should be used. the entire universe) of sunspot adjective, not a noun)
Note that "their" cannot refer to cycles are rate of tree growth -
"tree" (also note that "tree" seems clearly nonsense. Because the
to be an adjective, not a noun) best indications are on the sun
itself. Look how option E corrects
this by making "on earth" modify
"indications".

Use of continous form 'are
accounting' is incorrect. We do not
use continuous tenses with state
verbs such as
love/hate/own/account etc.
"Mormons once 75% of the
population" seems to refer to ONLY
those mormons who were 75%
percent of the population.
that such that' is incorrect. "that plain "such that" is considered
many people" - the pronoun incorrect on GMAT.
"that" does not have an
antecedent. "Mormons that
were" - we do not use "that" to
refer to people. "are accounting"
is incorrect.
They' cannot refer to singular CORRECT ANSWER. Maintains "for global managers + to them" is
'manager'. "at least of equal parallelism. Modifier is correctly redundant. "that they grasp the
importance as" is not idiomatic. "at placed and structured. pivotal issues" is not parallel to
least as important as" is the correct "understanding of cultural norms".
construction.

"were it not + instead" is
redundant. "were it not .." is a
hypothetical tense used to indicate
unreal situations in the present - If
I were rich, I would donate money
to charity. "were" is used with
"would". However, "would have +
past participle" Is used to talk about
unreal situations in the past.
"would collapse" is much simpler Correct answer. We are talking
and better. about unreal/hypothetical
situation in the present. Note that
"were" is a hypothetical used to
indicate unreal situations (and not
past tense).

"indicates few people" is illogical. "having made" is not parallel to the second part reads (Because of
"having + past participle" indicates a "there are a few people". parallelism) - "few people are not
prior action. It must be followed by a "having made" is not followed by making fuel efficiency …" (many
post action. There isn't any. a post action. Also, note that people are …) - not the intended
"nor"(used as a conjunction) meaning. "have reduced" is not
must join two complete clauses. perfectly parallel to "are not
making" - We need the same
tenses to convey similar ideas that
occur in the same time frame.

CORRECT ANSWER. 'that' refers to The meaning is distorted. It "trucks themselves" - "themselves"
the
this number
sentence469,000.
reads - "an executive means thatifthe
"especially trucks
it …" same
is too of
far away is
Theanpronoun
intensivethem
pronoun. (for
has no
makes ... missing signs of trouble from "course of action" and thus antecedent. It cannot refer to the
likely" - clearly nonsense. "ones" is is inferior to the placement in possessive noun executives'. "miss
incorrect. We need "them". The option E. signs" and "misinterpreting them"
pronoun "one" can only refer to a are not parallel.
subset of the noun to which it refers,
not the entire thing.
"THE act of congress, which was
approved April 24, 1800, …" seems
to imply there is only one act that
the congress has passed so far.
Let us remove the modifiers
here. The sentence reduces to
'The act of Congress and
established the library'. The LHS
of "and" does not have a verb.
"making provision …" should have
modified "the act of congress".
However, it seems to refer to the
phrase on its left "approved …"

Begins and Ended are not parallel. This has a parallelism issue. this is a sentence fragment. Also,
Also, note that since we are referring "Beginning" and "that ends" are this sentence nonsensically reads
to a specific time period "few years not parallel. Usage of the "period outnumbering her letters
before …" ("begins" is a completed present tense "ends" is incorrect to anybody else".
action in the past). We need to use as we are referring to a specific
the past tense. The sentence is a time in the past "in 1886". (the
fragment because the basic action "ending" was completed
structure here is - "letters were in the past. It is not happening
written, outnumber …" - We need an now, i.e. a general truth, to
"and" to connect the two verbs. warrant the use of present
tense)

"and putting" is not parallel to
anything. "because of volcanic
activity" does not make sense as a
modifier to "was a relatively easy
task"
"and putting" is not parallel to "since" must be followed by a
anything. "owing to volcanic complete clause.
activity" does not make sense as
a modifier to "was a relatively
easy task"
Them is not the right antedecdent
for each employee. Him/Her is the
right antecedent
CORRECT ANSWER. No pronoun
ambiguity and parallelism
maintained
CORRECT ANSWER. CORRECT USE
OF SUBJECT VERB AND
PUNCTUATION.
CORRECT ANSWER.
"did not at plymouth" - did not
do what? Not clear.
Subject Verb Issue: Group is
singular, 'Include' is plural.
'Includes' should be used
Them is not the right antedecdent
for each employee. Him/Her is the
right antecedent. "prohibiting
them from disclosure" is not
idiomatic. We need to say
"disclosing". "that would" -
"would" indicates that
"prohibit"happens in the future of
"required" - Not logical. Both of
them should be in effect at the
same time.
"did not at plymouth" - did not do
what? Not clear.
Sentence fragment as there is no
active verb. "that includes" refers
to "group" whereas its parallel
structure "that are" refers to "New
world tropical birds".
The antecendent of the pronoun
'they' is missing. Also note that we
do not separate the essential
modifier "that" by commas. "fossils
+ has been dated" is incorrect.
"because ..." is not parallel to
"by ...". The usage of present tense with the verb "has". "because
"is reduced" is incorrect. Present
tense is used for general truths and
states that are true right now (not
events/actions). If an action/event is
happening right now, we use the
present continuous. "in scotland, the
number of salmon is reduced by
pollution" implies that this is a
general truth in Scotland - Not the
intended meaning.
The pronoun 'it' should be used
instead of 'they' as the subject 'A
Scrub jay' is singular.
"fossils + was dated" as well as CORRECT ANSWER. The modifier
"fossils + was found" is correctly modifies sloth. Subject
incorrect. The usage of olain verb agreement is fine. The
"this" (without any noun that it repetition of th word sloth
should modify) is incorrect. removes any prevasling pronoun
Also, the subject , "fossils ..., amibguity.
was dated..." is stranded.
"the numbers" does not agree Are reduced' is the wrong tense
here. We are not stating a general
of" is not parallel to "by …" truth but a past event. 'That is not
controlled' should be'That are not
controlled' since 'and' connects
two nouns.
This is a sentence fragment as CORRECT ANSWER. Subject and
the send clause after 'and' does verb agree in number. Pronoun
not have an active verb. "and and antecedent agree in number.
tending" is not parallel to
anything.
There is no antecedent for the CORRECT ANSWER. There will problably be 1.6 billion
pronoun ' they'. people where? There is a meaning
issue here

the pronoun "that" has no Earlier works on slavery is CORRECT ANSWER. The
antecedent. compared to Blassingame. This is comparison is brought out
incorrect correctly.

"was being motivated" - the "they" does not have an Usage of "which" is incorrect.
continuous form is not required. antecedent. "like" cannot be
Simple tense - "was motivated" will followed by a clause.
suffice. "as it has been …" applies to
the entire clause - "the push was
motivated by practical matters of
navigation, instead of complicated
philosphical questions ...". It cannot
just refer to the part after "instead"
as it has no verb and thus is not a
clause.
", and they use …" - the comma
makes this clause parallel to "the
normative model suggests" - not the
intended meaning. If we want to
make it parallel to "examine", the
"comma" and "they" (redundant as
the subject 'executives' is the same)
must be removed.
Mainstream business are incorrectly
compared with the failure rate. "rate
is more than half" - is incorrect. A
"rate" cannot be half. It can only be
a ratio like 50%, 30 miles per hour
etc.
The singular pronoun 'its' does not
agree with the plural "chambers".
The usage of due to is incorrect. Due
to refers to "cleaning and repair".
"would crystallize" and "was
growing" are not parallel. Usage of
"would" is incorrect (as we are not
dealing with a hypothetical scenario
or with future in the past)
Examine and deciding are not
parallel. "deciding on a strategy" maintained
is not a part of "using the set of
objective criteria …". Hence, "in
using …" is incorrect.
Mainstream business are
incorrectly compared with the
failure rate. "where" should refer
to a physical location.
"Would crystallize" and "was
growing" are not parallel. "had
raised" seems to suggest that
this action happened before
tourists were exhaling moisture.
Also, "tourists were exhaling
moisture" is not the cause. The
cause is the fact that moisture
exhaled by tourists had raised
the humidity to very high levels.
CORRECT ANSWER. Paralllelism is
"rate of Am businesses + modifier"
- American businesses do not have
a rate. A "rate" cannot be half. It
can only be a ratio like 50%, 30
miles per hour etc.
Crystallize and was growing are
not parallel. "because of
moisture" is not the cause. Also,
look at the sentence - "because of
moisture that was exhaled by
tourists raising the humidity
within them to levels so high as to
make salt crystallize" - We are
referring to ONLY those tourists
who raised the moisture levels
sufficiently high to make stone
crystallize - Not the intended
meaning.
"almost expected to double" implies "production is expected that CORRECT ANSWER. 'To double' and
that it was almost "expected", but production will almost double" - 'to provide' are parallel.
then ultimately was NOT expected at Nonsense.
all. The sentence reads - "production
is almost expected that production
will double" - Nonsense.

Include' should be used instead of CORRECT ANSWER. Parallelism is the reduction' is not parallel to
'includes' because we are referring maintained correctly. 'their using' and 'finding'. Usage of
to "approaches". "their" is redundant.

The present pefect form 'have
appeared' should be used instead of
the simple past form 'appeared'. The
living creatures started appearing
sometime in the past and still do.
The present pefect form 'have "of five hundred million + of them"
appeared' should be used is redundant.
instead of the simple past form
'appeared'. The living creatures
started appearing sometime in
the past and still do. Usage of
present tense "are vanished" is
incorrect because "vanished" is
an event in the past and
definitely not a CURRENT STATE.
"if the deal was …" - "were" should
be used as we are dealing with
hypothetical cases. the agreement is
not signed by all of the potential
investors. (the agreement is only
signed by the bank itself and
whichever investor actually goes
through with the contract.). Hence,
"they" is incorrect.
"until + command subjunctive The hypothetical form 'were'
(be signed)" is incorrect. the should be used instead of 'was'.
agreement is not signed by all of "agreement with a provision for
the potential investors. (the penalties included" - redundant.
agreement is only signed by the "not one" is singular.
bank itself and whichever
investor actually goes through
with the contract.). Hence,
"they" is incorrect.

The modifer fashioned either …… of
Mathura incorrectly modifies
empire. It should modify 'images'.
'From either …. Or from' is not
parallel.
The modifer "either fashioned
from …" modifies empire. It
should modify 'images'. 'Either
fashioned from … or
Gandharan…' is not parallel
"and either fashioned from …"
does not have a verb. "fashioned"
is a modifier, not a verb. 'Either
fashioned from … or from
Gandharan…' is not parallel

The meaning of this sentence is CORRECT ANSWER. No this option is a sentence fragment.
ambigous. It could also mean that ambiguity in the meaning.
plants more efficiently acquire
carbon than they acquire fungi. 'In
the form of carbon dioxide' modifies
fungi. "at acquiring carbon than
fungi" is not parallel to "converting it
…"

It seems to imply that the date on CORRECT ANSWER. "dates that humans are known to
which we knew that humans made be making stone tools" is absurd.
stone tools has been pushed back by (humans do not make "Dates").
150,000 years - absurd. This was an activity done in the
past. "are known to make" does
not make sense.
With speeds' is incorrect. At speeds "higher" requires "than", not the pronoun "that" does not refer
is the correct usage "as". to anything.

Often green and striped' incorrectly
modifies 'round and red
supermarket cousins'. It should refer
to heirloom tomatoes. "or with …" is
not parallel to "only look less …". (It
cannot be parallel to "often green
and striped" because it is separated
by comma)
Often green and striped' "or with" is not parallel to
incorrectly modifies 'cousins'. It anything. (It cannot be parallel to
should refer to heirloom "often green and striped" because
tomatoes. "or they have …" - it is separated by comma)
"they" is redundant. "only look
less appetizing" and "have plenty
of bumps and bruises" are not
logically parallel. The second
must be a description of the first.

The pronoun 'it' has no
antecedent."appears + had been" -
two verbs stacked side by side.
Incorrect. "stunning evidence" is not
logically parallel to anything.
"appears + was" - two verbs CORRECT ANSWER. Simple present
stacked side by side. The tense is used because it "appears"
parallelism implies a nonsense to people now.
meaning - "400,000-year-old
wooden spears from what is
stunning evidence …" - Not
logical.

Any curved object is singular. The Ever since' and 'from when' are
pronoun 'its' should be used instead redundant together. Also, we do
of 'their' not know when Europeans saw
Dhurag-speaking people as
"from when" does not refer to
1788.
Ever since' and 'from when' are
redundant together. Also, we do
not know when Europeans saw
Dhurag-speaking people as "from
when" does not refer to 1788.
"weighing less than 10 ounces"
absurdly modifies "is as long as a
handheld computer" - The
camcorder's weight has NO bearing
on how long it is. "claim to be" is
incorrect - It is used when the
person refers to himself/herself.
"is as long as …" and "it weighs Correct Answer.
less than 11 ounces" should have
been parallel. Using a comma
before the "and" makes "it
weighs" parallel to the main
clause "the electronic company
has unveiled …". We also do not
need to use "it" to make it
parallel to "is as long as ...".

The verb 'are' should be used "which" refers to "plunging" - "manufacturer" is not "due to"
instead of 'is' since 'plunging prices "plunging resulted from an plunging prices. Usage of "due to"
is plural. "which is" does not agree oversupply". This is absurd. is incorrect. "from an oversupply" -
with "plunging prices". oversupply of "prices have been sent pluging" - oversupply of what?
what? sent plunging by what? Also
does not answer this question -
"oversupply of what?"

"its" and "their" both refer to "the "Almost like clones …" should "Almost like clones …" should refer
cheetah species". refer to "cheetahs". Here it refers to "cheetahs". Here it refers to
to "homogeneity". "homogeneity".
Has' should be used instead of 'have' CORRECT ANSWER. All pronouns "saying that …" refers to EPA's
since proposal is singular. 'It' should used are correct. 'which says' proposal. It should have referred to
be used instead of 'they' as 'oil correctly modifies 'oil industry'. the oil industry. " both on diesel
industry' is singular. "both X and Y" - fuel and engines" - Not parallel
X and Y must be parallel. Here X = construction.
diesel fuel; Y = engines. (refers to
engines in general). Y should have
been "diesel engines". "and" gives a
list of two or more items with NO
RELATIONSHIP to each other. "and
they say the move will
exacerbate ..." - We have no idea
WHY they say this. (for example - I
was stuck in a traffic jam and was
late for work. We have no idea why I
was late for work.) Putting this part
in a subordinate clause clarifies the
reason.

Note that we are talking about a
general truth here - something that
is true today. Hence, we need to say
- "both the communities date back
at least a 1000 years". If we say
"have dated", then it implies that
the communities dated back 1000
years in the past and hence date
back more than 1000 years today.
We need the present tense to
indicate general truths. Hence,
"has dated" is incorrect. "and"
introduces a list in which the
items have NO relationship to
each other. We need a
subordinate clause to indicate
that "oldest surving
communities" and "dated back
atleast a 1000 years" are related.
The second clause after the 'and' is
a fragment. It does not have an
active verb. "and" introduces a list
in which the items have NO
relationship to each other. We
need a subordinate clause to
indicate that "oldest surving
communities" and "dated back
atleast a 1000 years" are related.
CORRECT ANSWER. The sentence basically reads -
"both allowed others of the
Roosevelt brain trust + Modifier
(taking credit …)". Clearly the
meaning is nonsense.
The sentence basically reads -
"both allowed others of the
Roosevelt brain trust + Modifier
(taking credit …)". Clearly the
meaning is nonsense.

Correct Answer. Proper comparison. "tough leaves" are compared to "requirement" is also compared to
"escarole" - Incorrect. "leaves (those) of escarole" -
Incorrect.

"while" is used to indicate contrast
between things that happen at the
same time. "and" is used to give a
list of items that have no
relationship to each other. We do
not know WHY the company fell
months behind in payment. Using
"fell months behind in its payment"
makes the relationship clear.
"in its paying doctors" - the "its" This is a sentence fragment. There
is not required. The sentence is not active verb.
makes perfect sense by
removing "its". Hence, "its" is
redundant. "but then it proved" -
Note that we do not need "it"
here. Saying "but then proved"
would be the same.

Changes and remaining are not Changes and remaining are not
parallel. parallel. 'Whether or not' is
redundant.
We need to use "that", not "this".
"this" is used for things that are
near to us. Usage of "although" is
incorrect. We use "although" to
indicate contrast whereas here we
need something similar to "even
after".
The verb 'is' should be used instead CORRECT ANSWER. Subject and Having been' is redundant. The
of 'are' because effect is singular.' To verb are in agreement. There is sentence makes perfect sense if
predict' is the right usage, not 'for no pronoun ambiguity we remove it. "used to predict" is
predicting'. The pronoun 'they' has the correct idiom.
no antecendent. "global warming of
ocean white caps" - is not the
intended meaning. Presumably we
are referring to "global warming of
earth's climate".

CORRECT ANSWER. During which The era did not transform the This is inferior to option B. The city
modifies an era correctly city. The transformation was transformed. It did not
happened during the era. transform itself.

The pronoun 'they' should be used CORRECT ANSWER. Correctly the modifier "with a 5% increase
in place of 'it' to refer to plural uses present perfect. No during the first 3 months …" seems
'profits'. Usage of past perfect is pronoun ambiguity. to refer to "profits" (profits had a
"had increased" is incorrect. We 5% increase). Implies - Profits are
need to use past tense (the three with a 5% increase. Illogical.
months are already over) or present
perfect (we are at the end of three
months).

this option nonsensically implies this implies that "students have CORRECT ANSWER. Has grown and
that "many students are growing reached a record high" - Illogical. has reached are parallel. The ":" is
steadily and reaching a record high". used correctly to elaborate more
on the matter.
This is a sentence fragment as there
is no active verb. The sentece
basically reads - "Vivien Thomas in
struggling against overwhelming
odds". The preposition "in" does not
make sense as Vivien Thomas was
not part of "struggling ...".
CORRECT ANSWER. The modifiers
are correctly structured and placed.
The sentence maintains parallelism.
Simple tenses are used.
The pronoun 'it' should be used
instead of 'them' to refer to
'language'. The modifier "with those
who have tried … finding about
5000" does not make any
sense/have any bearing on with
"because of the difficulty of
distinguishing betweeen a language
and sublangues within it". We need
"but" to indicate contrast.
"Vivien Thomas who he This is a sentence as there is no
struggled" - "he" is redundant. main clause.
This option is also a sentence
fragment as there is no main
clause.
expect to increase' and then Comma + -ing modifiers must be
stabilizing are not parallel. "such contemparaneous with the
an extraction rate" obviously timeframe of the main clause.
refers to "six billion cu.ft/day". Hence, "Comma + then + -ing"
This option then reads "six billion forms will always be incorrect.
cu.ft/day with six billion cu.ft/day Also, this option seems to suggest
allowing …" - Nonsense. that "6 B cu.ft/day" allows "6 B
cu.ft/day" for at least 50 years.
Illogical
"it" refers to language. "but Between X and Y' is the right idiom
those who have tried counting not 'between X or Y'. "them" has
language(it)" is nonsense. no antecedent.
"those who have tried counting
typically find …" - The present
tense implies a general truth.
(true now, in the past and in the
future). Incorrect. We need
either simple past or present
perfect to indicate something in
the past.
"ones" is redundant as removing it "those" needs to refer to plural "indicated all along that …".
does not change the meaning. Also, noun. Hence, incorrect. This "that" must be followed by a
this option seems to imply that option changes the meaning by clause. Removing "that they"
"most obvious effects" are different stating that "the effects" will would make it a complete clause.
from "extremes of temperature, have the largest impact on
pressure ,…". This option is also "extremes of temparature".
wordy. Note that "those" refers to "extremes of temperature" ARE
effects. The option then reads - the effects. "what are" is
"the efects ... would be efects redundant as removing it does
impacting most on people". A better not change the meaning of the
way to say this is - "the effects ... sentence.
would have the most impact ..."

This is a sentence fragment. There is
no active verb. "marked" is an
adjective, not a verb. We have to
"was marked" here to indicate
action.
The pronoun 'their' has no CORRECT ANSWER. The modifier is
antecendent. Also, it is structured and placed correctly.
redundant as removing it does
not alter the meaning. Also, the
-ing form "using" suggests a
more personal/direct
involvement. Nothing to do so
here. Hence, we need the
impersonal form "use"

"Them" doesn't have antecedent
"due to" refers to "the ant".
Incorrect usage. "considers all their
fellows to be a close relative" -
Absurd. It implies that they consider
all other ants to be one relative.
CORRECT ANSWER. Note that
the
"it isplaceholder "it"similar"
so genetically refers to
- "to
similar to what?
"it" does not have a referent. "it"
cannot
CORRECT refer to "for raising".
ANSWER. 'Because' is
correctly used. 'One another' and
'they' are correctly used. 'Close
relatives' is correctly used.
"Milky way's center" and "many of
the 100 billion galaxies" are not
logically parallel.
"Milky way's center" and "many "theory of a black hole …" - Not
of the 100 billion galaxies" are the intended meaning. "Milky
not logically parallel. way's center" and "many of the
100 billion galaxies" are not
logically parallel.

CORRECT ANSWER. Fixes all issues in Incorrect usage of 'like' to Fire' did not date back. This
option A provide examples. 'Such as' distorts the meaning of the
should be used. sentence. "a large brain and small
teeth" ARE the features of
hominids. "having them" is not a
feature.

proposals' is incorrectly compared proposals' is incorrectly pollutants from power plants,

with 'administration'. This is a compared with 'administration'. sufur dioxide' are not restrictions.
sentence fragment. It has no active This is a sentence fragment. Restrictions need to be placed on
verb. "including restrictions(those) them. The meaning of the
for" is unidiomatic. We do not have sentence is distorted.
restrictions for the sake of
pollutants, but on them.

Antecedent of 'which' - 'limitations' CORRECT ANSWER. Absolute Antecedent of 'which' - 'limitations'

is too far removed from it. Continuos modifier is correctly used. is too far removed from it.
form 'protecting' is not preferred to Continous form 'protecting' is not
'protect' or 'protection'. "protecting preferred to 'protect/protecting'.
of taxpayers and the credit …" is "authority for borrowing money"
singular and hence one objective. suggests that there is a special
Hence, plural "objectives" is authority to do so. Not the
incorrect. intended meaning. "authority to
borrow money" talks about the
power to borrow money.
The second clause after the ';' is a
fragment. It has not active verb.
"so that" implies intent. It suggests
that "burst of smoke would appear"
was done with the intent to "make
an already terrified passenger think
…" - Absurd.
"those of" - here of implies
possession. Standards do not
"belong" to diesel powered vehicles. 'subject' is used correctly.
The meaning of this sentence is
distorted because of the comma
before the "and". It makes the
clause after "and" parallel to the
main clause "it will have no effect on
..." It staes that the law will not be
subjected to emissions.
directed' , 'using' and 'studied' are
not parallel.
The participial modifier 'Them' cannot refer to the 'moth'
'Overturning' incorrectly refers to as it is singular.
'the cutworm moth'.
'overturning' is not parallel to
'they consume'.
"made" happens after "appear". CORRECT ANSWER. Paralllelism is
Hence, the past tense does not maintained between would appear
make sense with future in the and (would) make.
past "would appear". (We cannot
say would made).
CORRECT ANSWER. 'Those' for is "which" incorrectly refers to
used correctly. Simple present "gasoline powered". "as stringent
as" requires parallelism. We need
to compare emissions to
emissions. However, this compares
"emissions" to a clause - "they are
for diesel-powered-vehicles".
CORRECT ANSWER. 'Studied', Directed', 'Use' , and 'for Studying'
'Used' and 'Directed' are parallel. are not parallel.
Plural 'have' cannot refer to singular Distorts the meaning. Suggests
'picture' that a reasonably clear picture
emerged of "ocean currents".
The intended meaning is
"emerged of patterns of ocean
currents". "their patterns and
the causes
of them" - "of them" is
redundant as "their" already
implies it.
Plural 'have' cannot refer to
singular 'picture'. The antecedent
of 'them' is ambigous as it could
refer to 'currents' or 'patterns'.
"what caused them" implies that
such patterns can no longer be
observed. We need simple present
to state general truths.

"deliberately imitating …" and "jazz
singer" should have modified "Billie
Holiday", not his approach.
"ranging" and "recomposed" are not
parallel.
Use of like is incorrect. Like
should be followed by a noun or
noun phrase only. "ranging" and
"recomposed" are not parallel.
CORRECT ANSWER. Modifier is
correctly placed and structured.
The participial modifiers flattening
correct modifies the entire
preceeding clause

Singlular 'design' should be
referenced by singular 'allows' not
plural 'allow'.
"allows for it" - the "for" can be "allows that" is unidiomatic.
removed without affecting the
meaning. Hence, redundant.
"and that" is not parallel to
anything.

"when drains on money supply they revealed' and 'precipitating' are a weak national and financial
precipitated …" is a sentence not parallel infrastructure' and 'precipitating'
fragment. are not parallel.
CORRECT ANSWER Those' is more consise than
'what was'. Since 'reasons' is
multiple, 'were should be used'.
Note that there ARE two reasons
given after the colon.
Those' is more concise. 'For' is
redundant. Also note that "same
as" requires parallelism between
the elements on both sides of it.
"for that" is not parallel to
anything on the left hand side of
"same as".

"but" requires parallelism. "without Correct Answer. the structure after "but" is this -
overloading" is not parallel to "but a flow + modifier". Because of
anything. Also, note that we can parallelism required by "but" this is
safely remove "but" without any in parallel to the nearest noun -
meaning distortion. Hence, "an unpredictable natural source".
redunant. Does not make sense.

CORRECT ANSWER. It states that
they average figure increased.
"spent by whom?" "on what?"
Note that subordinate clauses at
the end of a main clause are not
separated by commas. Hence,
"comma + whereas" is incorrect.
"compared with …" is a noun
modifier. It has to refer to the
nearest possible noun. "2.5 hours a
week" and "doing household
chores"

"it is closing up to one fourth of its CORRECT ANSWER. Correct "announced to be closing" is
stores" - this announcement was usage of 'because of'. Removes unidiomatc.
made in the past. Hence, we need all ambiguity.
the past tense "was closing" instead
of "is closing". This suggests that any
combination "1/4th of stores"
accounted for bad sales. (because
"which" is a non-essential modifier).
"1/4 th of its stores accounted for its
poor sales" implies that 3/4th of its
stores accounted for exactly 0.
The sentence is essentially
meaningless. "there was one third of ambiguity.
mothers with young children +
Modifier". If we rewrite this we get -
"one third of mothers with young
children were there". Also, 'those' in
the second part of the sentence
incorrectly refer to mothers in 1975.
This distorts the meaning of the
sentence. Furthermore, "who
worked outside home in 1975"
refers to "young children".
CORRECT ANSWER. Removes The sentence is essentially
meaningless. "there were one third
of mothers with young children +
Modifier". If we rewrite this we get
- "one third of mothers with young
children were there". Furthermore,
"who worked outside home in
1975" refers to "young children".

"equally likely as" is unidiomatic. "equally likely as" is unidiomatic "as likely that" is unidiomatic.

Prevented' refers to immediately Correct Answer. Uses an "As a result of" implies indirect
preceding Noun which is 'distances'. absolute phrase as a modifier. causation. i.e. the boundaries are
"prevented from X". X = having its not directly responsible for
acoustic energy dissipated by preventing dissipation. Not the
boundaries. it seems as if intended meaning.
boundaries actually dissipate energy
and sentence talks about preventing
that.

So that' is used to specify intent.
"troubles" were not intended to
create "several attempts to revise
corporate strategies". "have failed to
correct" - Correct what?
in that' implies in only this way. CORRECT ANSWER. All issues are
"present troubles are result of resolved.
technological stagnation … in
only this way" "this way" =
"several attempts … have failed".
This is illogical.
"X as much as Y" requires "as much as" is the correct CORRECT ANSWER.
parallelism between X and Y. "is idiom. "what is emitted by all
emitted by …" is not parallel to the motor vehicles" implies
modifier "emitted annually by …". everything emitted by them,
The construction also seems to be not just pollutants. Not the
redundant - "the amount emitted intended meaning. Also, this
annually is twice as much annually seems to compare the amount
as…". "compared + twice as much" is of pollutants to the pollutants
redundant. themselves. Improper
comparison.

"those" = "pieces". This sentence
seems to say "quality" surpasses
pieces. Incorrect comparison. "not
only to variety of shapes but also in
terms of decorative techniques" is
not parallel.
Singlular 'quality' needs singular
'suprasses' not plural 'surpass'.
"not only regarding" is not
parallel to "but also in terms of".
Compares 'quality of pieces of
blown glass' to 'quality of eastern
Mediterranian'. This is incorrect.
"not only variety of shapes" is not
parallel to "in terms of decoration".

"ever more and more" is incorrect.
"them" seems to refer to
"scientists". "scientists are hoping to
enable scientists" is nonsense.
To make' is superior to 'for "and which" is not parallel to
making'. "and" is used to anything. "which" seems to refer
introduce a list of two things that to "a year" (the last noun of the
are not related. "NEAR main clause). "more precise
spacecraft will orbit the asteroid measurements" is ambiguous. It
…" and "scientists hope that they can either modify "precise" or
will be able to …" are related "measurements".
ideas. Hence, it is inappropriate
to connect them with "and".
"clues in determination of how and Less concise than E.
when" seems to imply that
"determination of how and when .."
has clues.
"more than doubling" and "it
brought" are not parallel. (there is
no comma to indicate that it is
parallel to the main clause - the US
acquired 828,000 miles). "more than
doubling .." seems to refer to "for
about 4 cents an acre" because
there is no comma that separates
this prepositional phrase from the
subject - "the US".
"Swiss Government commissioned", CORRECT ANSWER. Parallelism is
"they were decorated", and "set
them up" are not parallel. "they
were decorated by local artists" - the
Swiss government's involvement in
the decoration is not clear.
CORRECT ANSWER. Modifier
correctly placed and structured.
'Doubling' and 'bringing' are
parallel.
maintained.
This is less concise than E
"The US for about four cents an
acre, acquired 828,000 miles" -
the verb "acquired" appears to be
stranded. We need an "and" to
connect "more than doubling" and
"bringing western borders". "in the
Louisiana purchase" implies that
US was in the purchase.
"were decorated", "were
decorated" and "set them up" are
not parallel. We cannot, however,
say "were set them up". "were
decorated by local artists" - the
Swiss government's involvement in
the decoration is not clear.
Singular 'it' should be replaced by "alter the saline content" and CORRECT ANSWER.
plural 'them' to refer to 'increasing "rob the oysters there of their
demands'. "would rob" and "would flavor" are connected by an
make" are connected only by a "and". "and" introduces a list of
comma. We need an "and" to items that have no relationship
connect them. Placing "alter the to each other. However, "rob the
saline content" and "rob them of oysters there of their flavor" is
their flavor" in parallel using "and" clearly an effect of "alter the
suggests that these are two saline content". Hence, it must
independent things. However, be a modifier. Also, "making
clearly the latter is an effect of the them decrease in size" has no
former. "and it would rob" - Note bearing on the main clause "rob
that the usage of "it" is not them of their flavor". "decrease
necessary. Stating "and would rob" is in size" is not parallel to "less
sufficient. We need the future tense distinctive" and "less in
"will" to talk about predictions about demand". The last two are
the future. "would" is incorrect. adjectives. The first seems to be
an action noun.

"once canals and eventually the past perfect "had been" The modifier "with substantial
railroads + Modifier" - this does not changes the logical order of supplies of coal being exported …"
specify an action like A does. Also, events. Hence, incorrect. Also, does not make any sense with
"once canals and eventually the modifier "with canals and HOW "canals and railroads reached
railroads + Modifier" actually acts as eventually railroads …" has no the region".
a modifier. There is nothing which it bearing on/relationship to the
can attach to. "there were main clause "there had been
substantial supplies of coal that substantial supplies of coal +
were exported" is essentially a Modifier". Furthermore, "there
meaningless sentence. It implies had been substantial supplies of
that "substantial supplies of coal coal + Modifier" is a meaningless
that were exported were there" - sentence. It simply means
There where?. "having been" implies "substantial supplies of coal
a prior past action. "having been exported to nation's mills were
exported ..." is one action. What there".
happens next? Not clear.
"when placing them …" should "locusts, they become excited …" "placing them with others of the
modify people, not locusts. "when + is redundant. same species" does not make
then" is redundant. sense as a modifier to the subject
"locusts" (they). "locusts" did not
place them with others.

"with federal prosecutors who were The usage of "while" is incorrect "unlikely in pursuing" is
unlikely to pursue criminal as there is no contrast between unidiomatic. "offenders being" is
offenders" has no bearing on HOW the clauses. not parallel to anything.
"copyright infringement was a mere
misdemeanor charge". Also, the
modifier "offenders being subject to
minor penalties" has no bearing on
HOW "prosecutors were unlikely to
pursue criminal offenders".
"but" requires parallelism. "but with
the total catch …" is not parallel to
anything. Also, the phrase after
"but" does not have a verb. Hence, a
sentence fragment.
CORRECT ANSWER. Parallelism is
maintained.
We are referring to a specific
time period - "in 1989". Use only
simple past in such cases. Past
perfect "had peaked" is
incorrect. Semicolon connects
two independent clauses. The
right hand side of the semicolon
is not a clause.
Sentence fragment.
the left hand side of "and" is only
a noun phrase, not a clause. "it"
refers to "the total annual catch
for all fish". The right hand side
of "and" then reads - "and, in the
case of most fish, the total annual
catch for all fish [it] has declined
…". Illogical. "prompted
conservation efforts ..." is a noun
modifier. There is no noun/noun
phrase that it can logically modify.
"introduction of enclosed fields,
new farming techniques and crops,
and of substitution" - Not parallel.
Also, this suggests "introduction of
substitution of commercial for
subsistence farming" - Not the
original meaning. "Widespread
changes in agriculture, known as
the agrarian revolution involved
the large-scale introduction ..." -
No comma before "involved"
makes this sentence a fragment as
"involved" is part of the modifier,
and not the main verb.
"as from prehistoric animals" - as
what from prehistoric animals? Not modifier is correctly used.
clear. "presently known" is a past
participle modifier and refers to the
nearest noun "caves of Europe".
Illogical. In addition, "known as" is
used to refer to aliases or
conceptions of people. He is known
as Hercules/He was known as a
salesman but he was also a physicist.
"known as" does not make sense.
CORRECT ANSWER. Absolute "known at present as of prehistoric
animals" - as What of prehisotric
animals? "those of remains of
prehistoric animals" - "those of"
seems to imply "bones of remains
of animals" - Illogical. In addition,
"known as" is used to refer to
aliases or conceptions of people.
He is known as Hercules/He was
known as a salesman but he was
also a physicist. "known as" does
not make sense.

"which" incorrectly refers to "check's "instructions that company "to watch the endorsement",
authenticity". 'for watching' , 'to hopes will help merchants "comparing signatures", and
compare' and 'view' are not parallel. confirm the check's authenticity, "viewing the watermark" are not
by including reminders for parallel.
watching the endorsement …" -
"by including …" seems to refer
to the company. Not clear where
the reminders will be included.
The sentence is illogical. Comma + "advocates women's equal "advocating women's equal
-ing modifiers should describe the political and legal rights" and "for political and legal rights" and "for
previous clause. This suggests that changes" are not parallel. changes" are not parallel.
"arguing in a treatise (seems to be
different from Discourse on Women)
…" was HOW she published her
"Discourse on Women". "a
treatise ... for equal political rights ...
and for changes" does not bring out
the meaning clearly. It might suggest
it talked about those issues but did
not advocate them. We need to say
something like "advocating for equal
rights and for changes".

this sentence reads "with none of Parallelism required with the "with the formalities, expenses,
X, nor Y" - parallelism with "nor" co-ordinating conjunction and impersonalities of hotels" does
implies this - "with none of X, nor makes this sentence incorrect. not make sense with "sleeping in
with none of Y". Incorrect. Also, The structure implied is this - tents allowed them to enjoy nature
note that "nor" connects a negative "without the restrictions …nor close at hand".
idea to a positive one. For example without the formalities …"
- She did not attend the wedding
nor did she attend the house
warming party. Also, note that
"passenger trains, railroad
timetables" should be connected by
an a"and" to indicate parallelism.

"that" should have been placed
immediately after "and" to
maintain proper parallelism.
However, because of parallelism, However, because of
this construction is redundant -
"and that if these skills are
recognized and applied, that
students ..." "if these skills are
recognized and applied" - recognized
and applied by whom? Not clear.
"that" should have been placed "if recognized and applied"
immediately after "and" to illogically refers to students.
maintain proper parallelism.
parallelism, this construction is
redundant - "and that if
students recognize and apply
them, that students ..."
"ability of reproducing" is
unidiomatic. 'They' does not have a
clear antecedent as species' is a
possessive noun. "because + thus" is
redundant.
"because + so" is redundant. Incorrect use of 'due to'. "insect
"reproduce yearly several times"- species are not due to their
suggests that they reproduce capability to reproduce".
once a year, but do so over "capability to" is unidiomatic.
several years. Not the intended "several times yearly" - "yearly"
meaning. "produce offspring in implies once a year. "several times"
large numbers" implies "large cannot then be "once a year".
numbers of insects" produce
offspring. "along with [= together
with]" does not make sense
here. It suggests insect species
along with producing offspring (=
insect species and producing
offspring) can reproduce several
times yearly. Note that we
cannot use it in the same way as
"in addition to/as well as" (check
problem #296)

CORRECT ANSWER. Pronoun issue of The pronoun 'that' has no Total fat is incorrectly compared
option A is resolved. antecedent. with livestock. Also, we need a
comma before "and" as it joins two
independent clauses.

Each' is a singular,so has to be "which" must be followed by a CORRECT ANSWER. Pronoun and
followed by Singular verb 'its' and clause. subject agree in number.
not 'their'. "each" cannot refer to
"Sun and all other planets" because
the phrase mentioned in the
question is - "of the Sun and of all
other planets".
A number of' is plural. Hence,'are' The past perfect 'had been' is
and not 'is' should be used. "may wrong. What did the scientists
not only broaden" and "but also may think? "such conditions are
show" are not parallel. hostile". Note that the tenses of
both "are hostile" and "think"
happen in the same time frame.
Hence, past perfect is incorrect.
"not only X but also Y" requires
parallelism between X and Y. so,
the verb "may" applies to both X
and Y. "may shows" - incorrect.
"capable to adapt" is
unidiomatic.
"that the ultrathin that also enables The modifier "enabling the
…". Note that "that" must be butterfly to control how heat
followed by a clause. The first "that" energy is absorbed and reflected agreement.
is not. away" does not make sense with
the main clause "makes them
shimmer via iridiscence" as the
modifier has no bearing on HOW
it makes butterflies shimmer.
The modifier "possibly causing …" The modifier "possibly causing
has no bearing on HOW they are …" has no bearing on HOW they
being studied for their potential as are being studied for their
huge reservoirs of energy. potential as huge reservoirs of
Parallelism dictates that the part energy.
after "and" is this - "potential to be
even as significant contributors to
global warming". Incorrect.
Broaden' and 'Showing' are not
parallel. 'A number of' is plural.
Hence,'are' and not 'is' should be
used. Usage of past perfect is
incorrect as "think" and "are
hostile" happen in the same time
frame.
CORRECT ANSWER. Use of '-' is
correct. Correct number
We do not use a comma before
"and" when it connects two
phrases. Because of the "and"
before "possible causes of sea
floor instability", the phrase
"significant contributors to global
warming" now seems to serve as a
modifier to "possible causes of sea
floor instability". Illogical.
Seems to imply that a "bouquet" CORRECT ANSWER. "bouquet of flowers" IS an
was picked from the garden. arrangement. Hence, redundant
Illogical. Flowers were picked and usage. Furthermore, "arrangement
then arranged in a bouquet. "as" is of flowers" cannot indicate the
used in the same sense as process of arranging. It refers to
"while/at the same time as" - the completed action. So, "during
"spoken at the same time as a + arrangement" does not make
bouquet of roses had been just sense.
picked" - does not make sense
because "had been" suggests a prior
action, not at the same time.

CORRECT ANSWER. Note that the
infinitive "to stalk them over the
treeless landscape and to get close
enough to kill one" is the subject of
the second clause.
"in order to stalk them over the
treeless landscape ... required
exceptional hunting skill" is not a
sentence. "in order to" functions
as a modifier. It cannot function
as a subject, the way an infinitive
does.
Singular 'it' cannot refer to
'caribou'. The non-underlined
portion says "caribou are". "to stalk
them …" and "getting close enough
to …" should be connected by an
"and". "getting close enough to
kill" is a comma + -ing modifier at
the end of a sentence. It must refer
to the Dorset people. Incorrect.

We do not use present continuous to "tending", "gathering", "tending juveniles, gathering

talk about general truths. "in that" "building the nest" and "by food, by building the nest, or by
implies ONLY in this way. It suggests battling" are not parallel. battling" - Not parallel.
that they serve the colony in only
the four ways mentioned. Not the
intended meaning.

"unqualifying" is not a word. "are CORRECT ANSWER. Use of "receive unqualified support by
consistently receiving" suggests that present perfect tense is correct. labor" again changes the meaning.
this action - "receiving support" - is 'Unqualified support' is correct. It suggests that this is a general
happening right now. "have truth and has always been the case
consistently received" implies that and will be true in the future. The
this has been the case previously original sentence talks only about
and has an impact on the present. what has happened in the past. No
Not the same thing. indication of what will happen in
the future.
"the same techniques" - Which same Correctly uses parallelism, also
techniques? Not clear. In A, "the stating with -ing, is perfectly
same techniques" refers to
"techniques used for genetically
enhancing plants"
modifying what Researches have
done.
Which wrongly modifies plant.
Note that "which" cannot jump
over the infinitive "to genetically
enhance" to refer to "techniques".
Moreover, singular "makes"
cannot refer to either plants or
techniques. Also, the modifier
does not make sense. We can test
this by knowing that participial
modifiers are created by
converting the verb to -ing form.
The modifier then essentially is -
"Researchers have employed the
same techniques to genetically
enhance plants" - this seems to
say that the end goal is to
genetically modify plants.
Contrast this with what the
modifier says in option C -
"Researchers have employed the
same techniques used to
genetically enhance plants ...". No
mention of a goal. It just says that
they have used a particular
technique. Another thing - the
article "the" refers to specific
things. "the same techniques" -
Which same techniques? Not clear.

"of which there are 200000 of that "magnetic fields, they can "interfering with pacemakers"
type" - redundant. "and which" - this interfere with pacemakers" - describes "200,000 of which exist
which refers to "surveillance system" Incorrect. worldwide" - Absurd. Their
whereas it should have referred to interfering has nothing to do with
"magnetic fields". This is so because their existence.
the parallel construction "of which"
refers to "surveillance system".
Furthermore, parallelism dicates
that "of" is implied for "and which".
So, the sentence reads - "and of
which can interfere with
pacemakers" - Incorrect.

"whether or not" is redundant.
Incorrect usage of modifiers. "The "they" in the non underlined
Shang" is to be modifeid and not the portion, hence should be plural. Correct. Properly modifies The
the first literate culture.
Here, people are compared with
genetic composition. Hence is
wrong.
"prospects + was exciting" -
Incorrect.
"more evidence is needed to
determine that balloon angioplasty
preceded with ultrasound was any
better for heart attack patients
than balloon procedure" - States
that we have already decided that
angioplasty is better. We just need
more evidence. Contrast this with
C, which says we need more
evidence to determine which
procedure is better. Also, since, we
are talking about general truths,
we need to use the simple present.
Using simple past suggests that the
Correctly uses "needed to" and results - say, balloon angioplasty
"preeceded by". was better - are no longer valid.
The shang are referred to as
Hence, "is well known" is wrong. Shang. Correctly uses Subject Verb.
Correct. Individuals of one genetic
Here, people are compared with composition are compared with
genetic composition. Hence is INDIVIDUALS of another genetic
wrong. composition.
Not a sentence. "predicted" is a
verb and has nothing in parallel to
it. Note that "excited" is not a verb,
Correct answer. but an adjective.

"will keep, and protect, and
increase" - two "and"s are not
required. "to obtain" does not make
sense here. Try to flip the subject.
For example - to tell the truth would
be ungrateful/It would be ungrateful
to tell the truth. Both make sense.
The placeholder "it" refers to "to tell
the truth". Note that we have kept
the verb phrase (predicate part) the
same and replaced the subject with
the placeholder "it". Here, the
fipped sentence would be - It will
keep the country's borrowing costs
low to obtain an investment grade
rating. Does not make sense.
"both X and Y" is the proper form.
"both X but also Y" is incorrect.
"encouraging voluntary cooperation"
does not make sense when used
with the clause "instincts stigmatized
selfishness". "stigmatizing
selfishness" and "encouraging
cooperation" are two separate
things. Hence, they must be placed "encouraging" is not parallel to
in parallel.
"keep", "protecting", and
"increase" are not parallel. Usage
of "would" indicates a
hypothetical. That is "obtaining
The three things - "keep, protect, an investment grade rating" is
and increase" are parallel ideas unlikely to happen. "to obtain"
and hence need to have the does not make sense as the
same structure. "having obtained subject here. Try to flip the
an investment grade rating" is a sentence keeping the predicate
modifier and suggests a prior part the same and replace the
action. It does not refer to subject with the placeholder "it".
anything here nor is there an For ex - To stalk caribou requires
indication of following action. exceptional hunting skills/It
Hence, this is a sentence requires exceptional hunting skills
fragment. "in keeping the to stalk caribou. Here, the flipped
country's borrowing costs low" sentence reads - It will keep the
does not make sense with country's borrowing costs low to
"having obtained an investment obtain an investment grade rating.
grade rating". Does not make sense.
"stigmatized selfishness" cannot be
parallel to the clause "they
encouraged voluntary
"stigmatized". cooperation".

comma + - ing forms indicate
contemporary action. Hence, "then
+ -ing" is incorrect. Moreover, "then
responding to them" has no bearing
on HOW "robots can identify facial
expressions". The semicolon is not
followed by a clause. Incorrect.
"they" refers to two different
things in the sentence. The first
refers to "facial expressions" the
second refers to "researchers".
"as well as" has a lower priority
than two things connected by
"and". If the primary goal is
something that will empathize,
then using "as well as" to indicate
"responses to facial expressions"
does not make sense. Also, note
that "giving a response" is a
definite action. We are using this
with "can identify" - have the
ability to identify. Not definite.
So, this arrangement of "can
identify" and "give a response"
does not make sense. It is similar
to - robots can identify and
robots will respond. We need to
say either robots can identify and
[can] respond. OR robots can
identify expressions and once they
identify those, they will respond
OR robots identify and will
respond. Also, if the modifier is
flipped the sentence reads - "as
well as giving a response to facial
expressions, robots can identify
them". Does not make as "giving a
response" requires identification.
This makes more sense though -
"as well as identifying facial
expressions, robots respond to
them".
Correct

"possibility of feeding the
continent, even of other parts of the
world". Parallelism in appositive
phrases dicates that the sentence
imply this - "possibility even of other
parts of the world".
"so" when used as a conjunction
must be followed by a clause.
Hence, usage here is incorrect.
Also, "so" indicates "effect". This
sentence does not have a cause
and effect situation. "could +
possibly" is redundant. Correct Answer

borrowing is not parallel to solar "she" does not have a referent.

imagery and Judeo Christian thought "which" incorrectly refers to
and figures. "ancient classicism". Correct.

Nigeria is singular, they can not be

used. "three regions that was based" Nigeria is singular, they can not
- Incorrect, SVA error. be used Correct.

"still continues" is redundant.

"Polio, it continues …" is incorrect.
Relatively speaking, option E is
much more direct (uses active
voice) and concise. "having been"
is a perfect participle denotes a
prior action in a sequence of
"still continuing elsewhere" and tenses. Not necessary here as
"could be brought into the US" removing it does not change the
are not contrasting ideas. meaning. Hence, redundant.

"for finding …" not parallel to "for "to find", "for defense", and
communication". "defend" is not "communication …" are not "for finding" is not parallel to "to
parallel to "finding and attacking". parallel. defend".

"in his own time" refers to a

"style and his choices of subject" specific time in the past. Usage of
are plural. Also, "in his own time" past perfect "had been" is
refers to the past(As distinct incorrect. "was compelling for our
from "our time"). Usage of time" - Past tense used to refer to
Correct present perfect is not correct. present event.
 We do not use a comma to
connect phrases with a
conjunction. ",or are likely to
have". Bad parallelism suggests
that the second idea is positive.
"many schools [do not have] OR
[are likely to have] computers"
--> Many schools are likelyto
have computers. Incorrect. This Correct. "nor" connects two ideas
All FANBOYS conjunctions except is because we CANNOT say that reinforce each other. First, a
"and", "or", and "but" connect two "many schools do not are negative idea, and the second, a
independent clauses. likely ..." positive idea, connected by it.

"awareness of numbers 1 and 2

+ Modifier (having connotations"
"connotations (that) they are aware changes the meaning. Also,
of" - the modifier ends with a implies that there are some
preposition. Incorrect. It is better to types of numbers 1 and 2 that
write "connotations of which they have connotations and thus Correct. Correctly modifies
are aware". some that do not. Illogical. companies

"scientists who determined …"
(scientists + clause) seems to
suggest that the examination of
molars was done by a group of
scientists; Which scientists? By
scientists who had already
determined that the diets of pre
human ancestors were more varied. simple past. Incorrect. If this is
Illogical. We can write this in active not clear, look at it this way. -ing
voice to make it more clear -
"Scientists who determined that
diets of pre humans were more
varied examined the pre molars".
Another thing wrong is -"through
the application" must refer to a
people who performed the
application, not to molars.
"for both college-and for graduate-
level courses" Not parallel. Option B
basically reads - "for a large number
of faculty members who began
questioning whether …, 1998 was
also a year" - Not clear when they
began questioning. We need a
"when" to make that clear. "year for
people" -kind of suggests that it
wasn't a year for others.
"when" suggests that
"examined" and "applied"
occurred in the same time
frame. No other relationship is
mentioned. However, "applying
the method" was HOW
scientists "examined". This is
made clear in option E.
"determining that their diets
were more varied ..." - this does
not occur in the same time
frame as the clause which it
modifies - "examined". Both in
modifiers are derived from
sentences by converting the
verbs to participles. Hence, the
modifier basically states - "applying …" nonsensically refers
"Scientists determined that the to "molars". "have been examined"
diets of pre human ancestors + "who determined" -this suggests
were more varied." Sequence of that "determining" happened
events not clear. before the examination.
"both for college and graduate
courses" Not parallel. We are
referring to a specific time -
"1998". Usage of "had begun" is
incorrect. " both for college and
graduate courses in 1998" seems
to suggest that the promotion
was done only for courses taught
in 1998. Correct

Correct. This is the correlative
conjunction used - "just as X, so
(too) Y".
"what boys experience" implies
EVERYTHING that boys experience,
not just stress. Incorrect
comparison.
"not X but Y" requires perfect
parallelism between X and Y.
"scientists who cannot
determine …"(this seems to
imply that there are some who
cannot determine and hence
there are OTHERS WHO CAN).
"like + so" is unidiomatic.
let us look at the parallel
structures - "the patterns of
stress that girls experience are
more likely to result in
depression than boy's
experience would [result]". (We
cannot say "than would likely to
result"). Illogical because we are
comparing probability (on the
LHS) to an action on the RHS. In
addition, incorrect comparison
between "stress patterns" and
"boy's experience". Usage of
"would" is incorrect as we are
not talking about a
hypothetical/unlikely scenario.
Correctly uses parallelisma
ndmodifiers
"scientists + they" is incorrect. "in
as much as" does not make sense
here. It can mean - "in view of the
fact that/because" - this does not
make sense. OR "to the extent
that" - even this does not make
sense.
let us look at the parallel structures
- "the patterns of
stress that girls experience are
more likely to result in depression
than boy's experience do [result]".
(We cannot say "than do likely to
result"). Illogical because we are
comparing probability (on the LHS)
to an action on the RHS.
"which" cannot refer to anything
because of the singular "was".
"rate of entrepreneurship" is
compared to "immigrant group".
"mideast immigrants" is incorrect.
We do not say for example -
"Middleeast immigrants".
"bones + has" is incorrect. "and
with" is not parallel to anything.
Misplaced modifier. "they" refers to "with high wheels" is not parallel
two different things in the same
sentence.
"to extract their flavor" - should
refer to a person. Here, it refers to
"saffron threads". "after pounding
with a mortar and pestle" - After
pounding what? Not clear.
Correct.
"rate of enterpreneurship" is
compared to "immigrant group".
"the rates of entrepreneurship" are
not IN immigrants. Hence,
Correct. incorrect.
"distantly related to" is an
adjective whereas "closely Modifier error. "bearing a close
resembled" is an adverb. They resemblance" is not a distant
cannot be put in parallel. relative of T-rex.
to "and had a floor". In addition,
this sentence is a fragment. Correct answer.
"after being pounded …" seems
to refer to the speaker of the
sentence. Correct.
"it" refers to "paper production".
"it" refers to "paper production". Illogical. "all" includes "market for
Illogical. paper". We need to say "all other".

"either X or Y" requires perfect
parallelism between X and Y. This is way?" Option D answers this by
violated here.
"either X or Y" requires perfect
parallelism between X and Y. This
is violated here. "so that" does
not make sense here. "plant
beds were designed so that they
produce transplants" - does not
answer the question "What kind
of design/ designed in what
stating "designed to produce". Correct Answer.

this says "rather than human mind

+ Modifier, human mind …". Note
"the human mind, it" is that we are referring to a specific
incorrect. "instead of" suggests a point in the past - "millions of
replacement. Suggests that "a years ago". Usage of present
blank state" is a replacement for perfect "have been developed" is
Correct. "human mind". Nonsense. incorrect.

"but" requires parallelism.

"found the noise not to be
continuous but [found the noise "by recording …" refers to "the
to be] consisted of indiviudal sound emissions". This is also a
bursts …". Illogical. Moreover, "to run-on sentence. Two sentences
be" is redundant as removing it connected by a comma. "the
does not change the meaning of sound emissions were digitized …"
Correct the sentence. - by whom?

"more" should be used along with
"than". "up to three times as much
water or more" is nonsense as it
means any number. It means "<=3 or
>3 times as much water".
"and" when used to connect two
independent clauses must be
preceded by a comma. "and they
have concluded" - Note that "they"
is redundant as the subject
"scientists" is implied for both the
clauses. If we remove the non-
essential modifier "or more", we
get "as much water than" -
Correct. Incorrect.

"removing" (a simple gerund) can

not parallel to "the clearing". "the
clearing" (a complex gerund) can be "resulting from" modifies "the "which" refers to "recent years".
parallel to an action noun such as cotton tail rabbit population". "removing" is not parallel to "the
"removal". Illogical. clearing".

"18 gas spheres [that are] estimated

to be 5 to 15 times Jupiter's mass" -
this suggests that "gas spheres" are
mass. Incorrect. "solar system's
largest planet" modifies "Jupiter's
mass". Illogical.
"having detected" implies that
"detection" happened before "is
working". Illogical. "a team and has …" is incorrect.

"they" refers to "college

educated women and women
living in the South and West".
This sentence then
distorts/makes the meaning
illogical - "than if they are in the
"they" refers to "college educated Northeast or Midwest". "have
women and women living in the shown college-educated women
South and West". This sentence then and those living in the South and
distorts/makes the meaning illogical West + Modifier" - this suggests
- "than if they are in the Northeast that the study shows "women".
or Midwest". Illogical.
"more likely as" is unidiomatic.
Unacceptable shift In tenses.
"college-educated women and
women who live in the South and
West are significantly more likely
to be using supplemental
hormones as were women…" - we
are comparing women to women
in the same time.
"as effective compared" is
unidiomatic. "and with …" is not "and that …" is not parallel to
parallel to anything. anything else. Correct answer.

"that" has to refer to "planks". It

"this" cannot be used
independently. "has represented" is
not an appropriate tense to use for
general truths.
We require a '--' to indicate the
end of the content within the
dash. "and it .." is therefore a
part of the content within the
dash. Incorrect.
can modify "boats" as it is followed
by another similar modifier
"constructed out of planks …".
"was representing .." suggests it is
no longer true. We need the
simple present to indicate general
truths.

"they are thus preferred by many

audiophiles and audio
"they" seems to refer to "many professionals" does not contrast
audiophiles …". Changes the this "they are more
meaning from "they prefer" to "they temperamental and far more
think such amplifiers are preferable". expensive than transistor-driven
Not the same thing. But we are not amplifiers". Audiophiles are not
sure what audiophiles prefer. "think" average consumers. They do "by many audiophiles" seems to
must be followed by "that" to prefer things that are expensive modify "tones" instead of
indicate a clause. and niche. "preferred".

"has prompted many scientists +

Modifier" Does not make it clear as
to prompted them to do what?
"both working in the field and in
laboratories" - Not parallel. "both "both + as well as" is unidiomatic.
the complexity …" is plural. Usage of "who both work in the field and in
the singular verb "has" is incorrect. Correct the lab" - Not parallel.

the usage of "which" is incorrect.
Correct answer.
"the number of chirps" is
singular. We need to say "rises
and falls". Convert the modifier
into a sentence and check if it
makes sense - "the number of
chirps in fact possibly serves as
an approximate thermometer" -
suggests we are not sure
whether it servers as an
approximate thermometer. Not
the intended meaning.
Moreover, when we say "in fact"
we are sure of what the facts
are. "possibly" then does not
make sense. "in attracting" does
not make sense as "usage of
chirps" is not a component of
"attraction of females". Correct.
"but" requires parallelism.
"introducing" is not parallel to
"which" refers to "same time". anything.
 "trout stocking be cut back" is "some states cut back on trout
"cutting back …" is not parallel to not parallel to "they even stocking and even their being
"even that …". remove the trout …". removed " - not parallel.

"they" does not refer to anything.

what does "the US term" mean? Not
clear.
The usage of "as" is incorrect. It is
used in the same sense as
"because". It suggests that they
use the term because it only refers
Correct to younger swine. Incorrect.

"fairy tales, which his plays, novels,

poems, and travel books, as well as
several autobiographies remain
almost unknown" - "which" "even as" does not indicate
incorrectly refers to "fairly tales". contrast but is used indicate His fairy tales are compared with
Does not make sense. simultaneity. him. Wrong.

Correct. Uses parallel structures

"more" requires "than", not "as to". with "than". "greater" requires "than", not "as".

"either X or Y" requires perfect
parallelism.
"either X or Y" requires perfect
parallelism. Not parallel.
"because of either the ground +
modifier" - distorts the meaning.
Suggests it is because of the
ground.
"warmer than usually" - comparing
"warmer" (an adjective) to
"usually" (an adverb). "because of
the interaction …forces warm air to
rise" - Incorrect. "because of"
cannot be followed by a clause.

Run-on sentence. The basic

"like" is not used to give examples.
"it" cannot refer to "synthetic
fertilizers".
structure is this - "whereas +
clause, if + clause + main
clause". "and if used as
substitutions for more
traditional fertilizers, they may
accelerate …" - the comma
suggests that "and" is not
attached to the main clause
"they may accelerate ..." but to
the "if" clause. Incorrect as there
is nothing in parallel to "and if
used ...".
"while" indicates a contrast. There
is no contrast between "can create
serious environmental problems"
and "may accelerate soil
deterioration". "if substituted for
more traditional …" should have
referred to "synthetic fertilizers".
Here, it refers to "the substitution".

"increased + rose" is redundant.

"increasing + rising" is redundant.
Also, this option is a sentence
fragment.
"having finished" seems to occur
before the increase in
percentage happened. Not
correct as we are referring "either X or Y" structure used here
specifically to the increase in the is not parallel. "increasing + rose"
last three years of the decade. is redundant.

"a squirrel was said that it could .."
implies that somebody said a
squirrel. Nonsense.
"for a squirrel to be said" -is
again nonsense.
"prevalent enough that …" is not
idiomatic. We need to say "so
prevalent that". "enough to do X"
means it means the minimum
requirements. "so prevalent that"
implies that it is present to such an
extent that it might lead to
surprising results. The latter makes
more sense here.

"The Swedish warship Vasa and

The part before "because" is not a
sentence, making this a sentence
fragment.
preserved in the cold water of
Stockholm harbor" - Not parallel.
Also, this seems to function as an Not a sentence as this option does
appositive to "the low salinity" - not have a main verb. "having
Illogical. been preserved" is similar to

"differences + helps" is incorrect.

"in the two ears + Modifier" -
changes the meaning. We are not
looking at differences in the two
ears.
"in determining" is incorrect as
"subtle differences" are not part
of the determination itself, but
help the listeners to determine
the quality of the sound. (part of
determination presumably "differences + helps" is incorrect.
involves calculations in the brain "in determining" is incorrect as it
etc. etc.) does not help

Correct answer
"between X from Y" is unidiomatic.
Correct Answer. "[in order] to
protect" correctly specifies an
intent/purpose.
Usage of "being" is redundant
because removing it does not affect
the meaning of the sentence.
"not only X but [also] Y" requires
perfect parallelism between X and Y. Correct answer.
Correct Answer
"twice as likely that" is
unidiomatic. We need the
infinitive "to be". "people of
Middle eastern descent" are
compared to "the national
average" - Incorrect. Usage of
"would" does not make sense as
we are not talking about future
in the past or a hypothetical
case.
"with" does not indicate a
contrast. Moreover, "with
shipbuilding traditions
fundamentally different …" has
no bearing on HOW the
"archaelogical evidence shows
that Viking ships were lighter …"
the usage of "which" is incorrect. Hence, incorrect
Correct Answer.
"fish that have eggs" is
nonsense. Fish do not "have"
eggs.
"as likely + than" is unidiomatic.
"with" does not indicate a contrast.
Moreover, "with shipbuilding
traditions fundamentally different
…" has no bearing on HOW the
"archaelogical evidence shows that
Viking ships were lighter …"
to specify intent/purpose, we use
the infinitive, not for + Verb-ing.
"early development" is not a
"genre based on melding rhythm,
gospel , …". In addition, this is also
a sentence fragment.
"not only X but [also] Y" requires
perfect parallelism between X and
Y.
"the requirement" is compared
with "silvery minnow". Incorrect.

"either X or Y" requires perfect
parallelism between X and Y. This is things (not related to each
violated here.
Like + so' is unidiomatic. Incorrect
comparison between 'ballooning'
and 'it'.
Correct Answer
Correct Answer. Uses parallel
structure.
Usage of 'so' is incorrect. 'so' is used
to denote effect. Incorrect
comparison between 'the rules' and Correct Answer. The correct
'sign languages'.
Seems to imply that first and second
parts of the sentence are talking
about two different people.
"either X or Y" requires perfect
parallelism between X and Y. This
is violated here. Moreover,
"were endocrine cells" should be
related to/ be a consequence of
"cells secreted hormones". Using
"and" breaks this relationship as Correct Answer. Also, note the
it introduces only a list of two perfect parallelism between the
modifiers "in which case they were
other). …"
so' is used to denote an effect in
a cause-effect relationship.
'possessive + verbing + object' is
incorrect. Use 'possessive +
verbing + of object'. Correct Answer.
Research does not indicate the
Research does not indicate 2 safety, but rather the idea that the
popular drugs. Incorrect usage. 2 drugs may not be safe.
those' is a demonstrative
pronoun. It must be followed by those' is a demonstrative pronoun.
a noun that it modifies. Also, It must be followed by a noun that
'households whose' is incorrect. it modifies. 'compared to' is
they cannot have grandparents. redundant.
As + preposition' is not used for
comparisons on the GMAT. Better
use a clause - As is the case with ..'
"having" is not correct. "having"
indicates that something started in
the past, is happening right now,
and may not always be occurring.
idiom is 'just as + so'. 'so' is incorrect.
As an educator, ...' must modify
Correct Answer. 'Nannie Helen'.
 being poached' is not parallel to
'increased'. The -ing modifier at
Due to' modifies 'there'. Incorrect. the end of the sentence already
Usage of 'compared to' is redundant. due to poaching ..' modifies wild. denotes effect. Usage of 'thus +
(The option already says 'many times The usage of 'which' is also making' is therefore redundant.
more') incorrect. 'Because of + Verb-ing' is incorrect.

Japan's population is not shrinking Correct answer. 'decline by' is Incorrect comparison between
faster than other nations. Usage of used when we are dealing with Japanese population and other
'decline of' is incorrect. numbers. nations. 'decline at' is unidiomatic.

Incorrect comparison between Incorrect comparison between

Volkswagen and the evolution. Past 'Volkswagen' and 'modification'.
continuous not required here (used Usasge of passive voice is
when 2 things that occur in the past incorrect. Who made the Incorrect comparison between
are related). modification? 'sheaths' and 'Volkswagen'.

Usage of 'having detected' is

incorrect. Seems to imply that
the detection occurred before Sentence fragment. Remove the
the solar system's largest planet' they statrted working with the non-essential modifier - 'working
modifies Jupiter's mass. 'Gas spheres telescopes. 'Gas spheres are at at …' Gas spheres are not masses.
are at an estimated …' is wrong. Gas an estimated …' is wrong. Gas Hence, 'gas spheres are at an
spheres cannot be masses. spheres cannot be masses. estimated …' is incorrect.

so much + so much' is incorrect.

not as much + as much' is incorrect.
'as that' is not parallel to 'their
being'. 'for looks' is not parallel to
'meeting other criteria'. Usage of
possessive + -ing is awkward.
Oneida' is plural.'alone of' is
incorrect. 'when they sided, the
Oneida were alone …' changes the
meaning. The meaning must have
been 'the Oneida were the only
group that sided with …'
so much + as much' is incorrect. 'for looks' is not parallel to
'as that' is not parallel to 'the
cause'. 'for looks' is not parallel is not parallel to 'as that'.
to 'meeting other criteria'.
Correct Answer.
There are two 'is' in this option.
'meeting other
the modifier 'incriteria'. 'the…'cause'
siding with is
incorrect here. 'in + verb-ing' Usage
is of
possessive
used when +the
-ing is awkward.
main clause that
follows the 'in + verb-ing' is a
component of the 'in + verb-ing'.
For example - 'in preparing for the
GMAT, I solved all verbal problems
in the OG.'. the Oneida were a
nation (nation - singular). Hence,
the plural 'only ones out of five
nations' is incorrect.

its refers to the 'turtle', whereas

it must refer to 'some
function for' is unidiomatic. 'its' contemporary species'. 'as do
refers to the 'turtle', whereas it must teeth' is incorrect. It means that function as teeth do' is incorrect. It
refer to 'some contemporary horny jaws function exactly the means that horny jaws function
species'. way teeth do. exactly the way teeth do.
 Correct answer. The subject of
the 'which' clause is 'both the
and from which' is not parallel. 'from Northern and southern India
which' requires a clause. alphabets' both the ..' is plural.

mostly …' is an adverb. Hence, it

and circling' is not parallel. The cannot modify '80 massive
correct idiom is 'as large as'. 'as large planets'. The usage of 'which' is
than' is incorrect. Correct answer.
each year + annually' is incorrect.
redundant. 'through worker
if they prevented employee illness' is performance improved' is
not parallel to 'through worker incorrrect. Better to say -
performance ..'. 'through worker 'through improved worker in employee illness prevention'
performance improved' is incorrrect. performance'. 'each year + changes the meaning. Seems to
Better to say - 'through improved annually' is redundant. 'in imply that company could avoid
worker performance'. 'each year + employee illness prevention' spending money on preventative
annually' is redundant. changes the meaning. care.

a trend + ultimately' requires the

correct answer. The usage of 'which' is incorrect. future tense.

Usage of 'in that' is wrong. We need

a cause-effect relationship marker being' used as a modifier is wrong.
here. 'and also' is redundant. Usage Usage of dependent is wrong.
of dependent is wrong. 'dependent' 'dependent' means that something
means that something depends on Correct answer. 'because' depends on something else for
something else for support. indicates a causal relationship. support.
Previous possibility - something
possible in the past, but not
possible now. The option says
eradication is not thought to be a
previous possibility. This distorts
Before + past perfect' does not make the meaning. We do not know
sense+here.
such like' is'it'incorrect
refers to 'synthetic it' refers
what theytothink
synthetic growth
of eradication
growth hormone'. of 'what' is too Correct answer.
idiomatically.Usage hormone.
now. The intended meaning is that
specific. It suggests that 'better eradication was not thought to be
control, if not eradication' was the possible in the past. Also does not
only thing they did not consider answer the question 'not
possible. For ex - He found what he considered a previous possibility
was looking for (looking for one by whom?' Usage of 'and' is
thing). He found something he was incorrect. Both control and
looking for. (looking for more than eradication cannot occur at the
one thing). Correct answer. same time.
 either…or…' requires perfect
parallelism. The 'it' is redundant.
'and will' will do perfectly fine. C
also distorts the original
meaning. The original sentence
never said that the division will
B distorts the original meaning. The sell them online (it is an imprint
original sentence never said that the division) themselves. Also, 'and'
division will sell them online (it is an introduces a list. We need a
imprint division) themselves. connection between the two either…or…' requires perfect
'either…or…' requires perfect ideas. A does that. (connects parallelism. 'and selling' is not
parallelism. publishing to selling). parallel to anything.
Let us rewrite the sentence - when
their descendants had migrated, it
took less than 35 years from the
the usage of since requires release. What does 'it' stand for?
present perfect. For example - (It cannot stand for migration,
since the collapse happened, the 'migrated' is a verb here). Also,
town's population has been seems to suggest that migration
since releasing …' must modify scattered. In this option past occurred before something else
humans, not bees. perfect is used. ('it') took time.

tools' is plural. 'tools that

rather than' requires parallelism.
'the new image' is singular. The
usage of 'which' is incorrect.
Correct answer.
group' is singular. 'project/forecast projections. Average cannot be a
something to happen' is
unidiomatic. You 'expect something score is between 90 - 100. I
to happen'. Also, you
'project/forecast something'.
include' distorts the meaning. It
is like saying - Swiss army knife
includes a screw driver, a bottle
opener etc. 'including X' - means tools' is plural. The usage of 'which'
X is one of the tools. is incorrect.
more' requires a 'than' for
comparison. 'instead of +
more' requires a 'than' for preposition' is incorrect. The usage
comparison. 'as opposed to' is of 'which' is incorrect. Even if it
incorrect. 'shallow waters' are refers to 'shallow waters' we need
not opposed to 'great depths'. 'expose'. 'and making' is not
'including' must not include all 3 parallel. We are not talking about
things. (including must always only one archaeologist. Hence,
talk about the subset).
group' is singular. 'that' is too usage of 'an' is incorrect.
restrictive. It seems to talk about
a specific kind of global warming.
'will' is too definite here for
range. I can say - his average Average cannot be a range. I can
say - his average score is between
cannot say his score averages 90 - 100. I cannot say his score
between 90 - 100. averages between 90 - 100.

in full view ….' is a non-essential

as being' is redundant. Just modifier. If this is removed from
'immune to' would serve the Correct answer.
the sentence, The
the realization
sentence must
long appeared' happened before the purpose. 'long appeared' happened
make sense. 'last year'time
in the past frame.
modifies
realization. Hence, we need a past happened before the realization. We
the use
verbpast perfectrather
'provided' when than
another
perfect. 'immune from' means Hence, we need a past perfect event that
'comet's happened in the
disintegration'. Thispast
'exempt from'. tense. has a bearing
distorts on this event.
the meaning. Seems to
imply that the new insights were
provided only last year. 'possibly
forcing' is not parallel. 'in full
view ...' as a modifier does not
the comma makes the first part of make sense. It implies - The
the sentence a modifier. This does disintegration produced those
not make any sense. 'possibly insights in full view of ground- and
forcing' is not parallel to 'provided'. possibly forcing' is not parallel. space-based telescopes.
 their preparation' is parallel to
'athletes performance'. 'geared
to enhance their preparation'
does not make much sense.
programs' is plural. 'geared toward' 'geared toward' (= aimed at) is
(= aimed at) is the proper idiom. the proper idiom.
them' does not have an
antecedent. 'toward the
enhancement' and 'toward
preparing' are not parallel.

part of a deal' modifies $950

a part of the deal' modifies $950 million. The usage of 'it' is We need the future tense 'will
million, not the purchase. Usage of incorrect. We need the reflexive make' here. Usage of 'it' is
present tense is incorrect. We need 'itself' - as company is the incorrect. We need the reflexive
the future tense here. subject. 'itself'.

for having' is not perfectly parallel to

'for skillful'. Also, this option does
not answer the question - 'whose
skillful renderings?' (seems to imply as much X as Y' requires perfect for having' is not parallel to
that she was in those renderings.) parallelism. 'having'

Remove the non-essential

The preposistional phrase 'by FCC's
rate cuts' must modify 'reduced'.
Here it is modifying 'long distance
calls'.
modifier 'for consumers and …'.
The sentence must make perfect
sense then. 'The government's
prediction is costs …' is obviously
incorrect.
Not a complete sentence. Also,
seems to imply that the prediction
is for the businesses( as If they
commissioned the government for
predicting costs).

Does not make logical sense. for generating electricity' is not

'Scientists have succeeded for the parallel to 'to heat'. Usage of 'for'
first time in producing energy …' is is incorrect. Scientists mined
illogical. 'for electricity to be …' is with an intent.To denote the
not parallel to 'to heat'. intent use the infinitive - 'to'. Correct answer.

each of them' is singular. 'which' is

incorrectly modifying 'taste bud'.
'they' does not refer to anything.
'each of them + that' seems to refer
to a specific group of such cells. This
functions as a subject and cannot be
a modifier in this case.
each of which' requires a clause to
follow it. 'having …' is incorrect
here. (Having introduces an action
that happened before something
Correct answer. else.)

twice as fast as + rate' is redundant.

'their feed allotment' is not parallel Correct answer. 'Cutting' is parallel
to 'raising them'. 'their feed to 'raising' Here the modifies
allotment ..' must modify fish. But 'cutting …' functions as a
fish are neither the subject of the subordinate action (a description
previous clause nor the noun You cannot 'grow fish naturally'. of the previous clause) and
immediately preceding this modifier. Illogical. modifies the subject 'suppliers'.
spices used for cooking' are taking spices' is an action noun.
compared to 'spices in general'. 'is done' is also an action. Hence,
Faulty
due to' is a noun modifier and hence redundant usage. In general, be
comparison. 'in using spices ..' Correct answer. Perfect parallelism
must
cannotmodify
modifya person, not
'favored'. spices.
'due to careful of 'verb-ing
The usage of 'not X is done
but …' is
Y' here (even with prepositional phrases.)
reproduction …' is incorrect. They incorrect. "not ... but ..." is used
are not favored because of when the FIRST thing is Correct answer. 'This uses the form
reproduction but because they EXPECTED, ASSUMED, or 'X but Y'. This is used to denote a
enhance reproduction. (a PREVIOUSLY THOUGHT, but is contrast. (not X but Y is used when
prepositional phrase such as 'due to' REFUTED / CONTRADICTED / X is expected/normal, but then is
or 'because of' cannot hold so much DISPROVED by the SECOND refuted.) The parallel structure
information; in such cases use a thing. This is certainly not the here is - 'many traits are X, but are
clause). case here. Y'.

a risk as little as' is unidiomatic.

Correct answer. 'risk of causing' is it' cannot refer to 'toxic Better write 'as little risk as'. 'risk
the correct idiom. substances'. for causing' is unidiomatic.

this' is a demonstrative pronoun and those of' is nonsensical.

as such functions as an adjective. So,
this option does not answer the
question 'this what?' 'those of' is
nonsensical. 'distinguish from
species of others' does not make
sense.
which' modifies courtship -
Incorrect. 'flies that tastes' is
incorrect. 'in being able to
distinguish' is just too wordy.
Better use 'in distinguishing'.
'distinguish their own species from
species of others' does not make
sense. 'apparently assisting flies to
taste HCs…, HCs…' does not make
any sense. (HCs do not help flies to
taste HCs)

Usage of 'would' is incorrect. To

denote the future use 'will'. 'it + Usage of 'would' is incorrect. To
was' is not parallel to 'level'. denote the future use 'will'. 'those'
Correct answer. 'that' refers to level. (Clause vs noun) (plural) cannot refer to 'level'.

X as varied as Y' requires parallelism

between X and Y. 'are China, the
Netherlands…' is not parallel to those of' is
'countries'. redundant/nonsensical.
Faulty comparison. Compares
'San Antonio' to 'the river in
many cities'. 'it' refers to 'the
river in many cities' - this is
which' incorrectly modifies United obviously incorrect. 'the river in
States. 'the river in many cities' many cities' seems to imply that
seems to imply that many cities have many cities have the same
the same common river. common river.
Distorts the meaning. This option
refers to countries other than
China, the Netherlands ..
Changes the meaning. The original
sentence says that - many cities no
longer have a river as their focal
point. This option says that - few
cities do have a river as their focal
point.

Usage of past perfect -'had won'- is Wash Post (but this does not
incorrect. 'Katherine Graham's
becoming' is awkward.
Correct answer. 'that' refers to
'average price'.
that' is a demonstrative pronoun.
Hence, it must be followed by an
object it modifies. Hence, usage
of 'that' is incorrect. Usage of
'having won …' is incorrect.
'having …' is used when an event
followed by having occurs before
another event. (winning high
praise did not occur before it
moved into the first ranks).
'having won ..' must modify
occur at the
decrease beginning
+ below' of the
is redundant.
sentence) - hence incorrect.
This option also distorts the Sentence fragment.between 'car
Faulty comparison
meaning. The original sentence models' and 'automobile
talks about decrease in average company'. 'less by 4/10ths of 1
prices; this option talks about all percent' incorrectly modifies $72,
prices. Also , 'below this year's but modify 'would decrease'. 'less
comparably equipped trucks and by' is unidiomatic. Use 'less than'.
cars' is ridiculous. Does not 'decrease about' is unidiomatic.
answer the question - 'decrease Does not answer the question -
$72 from what price?' 'decrease $72 from what price?'

than' requires parallelism. 'if they
had retired' is not parallel. 'they'
refers to the same women (women
who took jobs after retiring). This
distorts the meaning(obviously we
are referring to two different groups
of women).
having been' is redundant. The
usage of 'with children's
programming limited at one time, 4
channels have now dedicated….'
does not make sense. (limited
coverage at one time has no bearing
on 4 channels getting dedicated to
such programs).
which' modifier is ambiguous. Does
it modify '1999' or 'the Act'? 'intent Correct answer. 'intent of + verb- ideas(the 2nd idea must be
that' is unidiomatic.
than' requires parallelism. 'when
retiring' is not parallel. Also,
distorts the meaning - seems to
imply that they had more marital
satisfaction after retiring than
when they were retiring.
once limited ..' functions as a
participle modifier. This must
modify 'children's programming'. Correct
ing' is the correct idiom.
than' requires parallelism. 'if they
were to retire' is not parallel. This
also distorts the meaning.('they'
refers to the same group of
women.). Obviously we are
comparing two different groups of
women.
answer.
led to the Act' is
nonsensical.'intent to sell' is
unidiomatic. The usage of 'and' is
incorrect. 'and' connects two
independent things(it introduces a
list). Here we need to have a
connection between the 2
subordinate to the 1st).

and also' is redundant. The usage

of 'they' after 'and also' is
Usage of 'having been …' is and also' is redundant. The redundant. Usage of 'having been
incorrect. 'having been …' is used to usage of 'they' after 'and also' is …' is incorrect. 'having been …' is
denote an action that happened redundant. 'far fewer CO2' does used to denote an action that
before another action. not make any sense. happened before another action.

is found' is not parallel to 'it

Correct answer. 'found' is parallel resembles'. '4.5" animal it
and that' is not parallel to anything. to 'resembling'. resembles' is nonsensical.

spending less time with each'
modifies 'lower end insurance
plans'. Hence, illogical.
Usage of 'when' is incorrect. Seems
to imply that only when the vantage
point combined with her talents did
it make her a valuable historian.
"after initiating …" should refer to
"California". "more than twice as
great …" seems to refer to "60." Not
the intended meaning. The pronoun
"that" does not refer to anything.
"that of their estimated population"
- the pronoun "that" does not have
any antecedent. "their" does not
have an antecedent.
"employment costs" is plural.
"because it is genetically
engineered" is a subordinate clause
and hence cannot function as a
subject.
spend' is parallel to 'impose' and
'require' (notice the comma
before the 'and') and not to 'see'.
Seems to imply insurance plans Correct answer. 'spending less
spend less time with patients - time' modifies the action - 'to see
illoglcal. more patients'.
Seems to imply that the vantage
point itself combined with her and this vantage point' is not a
talents (vantage point is the clause. 'Seems to imply that the
agent/actor). The usage of 'it' is vantage point itself combined with
bad. 'it' refers to something in a her talents (vantage point is the
non-essential phrase. agent/actor).
"per capita + per person" is Correct answer
redundant. '"after initiating …"
should refer to "California".
"more than twice as great …"
seems to refer to "60." Not the
intended meaning.
"population's estimated amount" "2000 is ten times more black
is redundant. We do not say rhinos than their population
"population's amount is 200"; estimate …" - "their" refers to a
We say "population is 200". noun + all its adjectives - "ten
times more black rhinos …". This
does not make sense.
We cannot use "were" as a "employment costs rose lower in
substitute for "rose". "did" can the 12 months that ended in
substitute ("did rise"). September than in the year that
ended in the previous quarter." -
"lower" cannot be used to
compare two actions. We cannot
say "costs rose lower".
"plants will become an invasive Correct answer
weed" - this does not make
sense. Plants (plural) cannot
become one weed.
Wrong comparison of salaries to "what other college educated
professionals. professionals are paid" - this
includes not only salaries but
every other thing that those
professionals are paid. Not a
valid comparison. "making an
average …" should have referred
to "teachers". However, the
subject here is "salaries of
teachers".
"but supporting many specific …" is Run on sentence. "they
not parallel to "they denounce big denounce big government, they
government". say …". "and it has become …" -
the usage of "it" is redundant.
"lags behind by an average of
$8000 to $24,000 less …" is
redundant. Moreover, this - "their
salaries lag behind by $8000 at
time #1 to $24,0000 at time #2" -
does not make sense. The "to"
implies (a range) that these things
are part of the same "lag".
However, these are two different
"lags" - one at time #1 and the
other at time #2. we need to
connect with an "and".
"while they denounce big
government" needs a main clause.
Moreover, "at the same time
supporting many specific
government programs …" does not
make sense as a modifier to
"saying that government is doing
too much …"
"like any star" should be compared "and eventually ejecting" is not "it" does not have an antecedent.
with "the Sun". Also, the intervening parallel to anything else. "it"
modifier "once" makes this does not have an antecedent.
incorrect. The noun to be compared
should immediately follow the
prepositional phrase - "like + Noun".
In addition, "once + then" is
redundant. The pronoun "it" cannot
refer to the possessive noun "Sun's".

"as + prepositional phrases" are not Right comparison Sugggests "online drugstores" play
generally used for comparisons. the role of "traditional
Moreover "with the case of …" does pharmacies". Moreover, this
not make sense. Online drugstores construction "just as X, [so too] Y"
are not with the case of something. requires X and Y to be complete
clauses.

radiocarbon dating is singular.
Hence, usage of "suggest" is
incorrect. The structure of this
sentence is "Radiocarbon dating
suggests at least a portion of the
area + Modifier" - Not the intended
meaning.
Correct answer. "had remained during the last ice
age" - is incorrect since we are
referring to a specific time in the
past. Use simple past. The
structure of this sentence is
"Radiocarbon dating suggests at
least a portion of the area +
Modifier" - Not the intended
meaning.
Modifier incorrectly refers to Youth
canorous
Two independent clauses
correctly connected by a
conjunction
We need the passive infinitive "to
be" after seemed. "he seemed to
be the only candidate …" (to
whom? Presumably to youth
canorous). We cannot use the
active form. "He seemed/appeared
the only candidate" - this implies
that he performed the act of
appearing/seeming. For example -
The lion appeared suddenly
around the corner.

Correct answer "and who experimented with …"
- is not parallel to anything else.
"not only X but also Y" structure
used here is not parallel.
Usage of past perfect "had
experimented" suggests that he
experimented before he was born.
Moreover "Ali-al-Hasan and had
experimented …" is not a proper
construction. "not only X but also
Y" structure used here is not
parallel. "al-Haytham was born in
Iraq in 965 C.E., and had
experimented extensively with
light and vision". These two ideas
are presented in parallel structure
but they should not be because
they are not equally emphatic. In
parallel structures two ideas
should have the same importance.
Correct answer. "musicians, that included …" -
note that the restrictive modifier
"that" cannot be separated by
commmas. Moreover, we do not
use "that" to refer to people
(musicians). "different in
comparison to" is redundant.
"were influential to many
musicians" suggests that those
musicians felt Monroe's views
were influential but we cannot
infer whether they actually
influenced those musicians.
"differed + when compared to" is
redundant. "when compared to"
suggests that their music differed
ONLY WHEN it was compared to
that of Bill Monroe. "were
influential to many musicians"
suggests that those musicians felt
Monroe's views were influential
but we cannot infer whether they
actually influenced those
musicians. "musicians who include
Elvis and Jerry" is incorrect. This
suggests that these people were
parts/components of musicians.

"forests also supply potentially
valuable pharmaceuticals, and
sources of building material and
firewood, are providers of" - this
implies forests supply sources of
building material. Incorrect.
Forests ARE sources of building
material. "are providers of
employment" should be preceded
by an "and".
the right hand side of "and" is
not a complete sentence. It is
just a modifier - "as sources of
building material and firewood
…"
"and as sources of firewood …, for
providing" is not parallel to
anything else. Moreover, it is a
sentence fragment. The part after
"and" reads "and [forests] as
sources of building material and
firewood, for providing ...".

Correct answer. "… is thus closer to the Sun "… thus closer to the Sun than
than Neptune is for 20 years …" Neptune is for 20 years …" - does
- does not make sense. not make sense.
"because" implies a cause-and-effect "the membranes differ in their Correct answer. This is correct
scenario. This is not the intended attachment to a cartilage rod …" because "in that" = in the sense
meaning. "because of being" - - implies that both the families of that. "parachute-like membranes"
because of + Verb-ing is unidiomatic. squirrels have "attachments to a differ in this sense - that they are
cartilage rod at the elbow …" but attached to a cartilage rod at the
they differ in HOW cartilage rods elbow.
are attached. "instead of being
attached …" should modify "the
parachute-like membranes". But
the modifier does not make
sense with the entire clause -
"instead of being attached to a
cartilage rod ..., the parachute-
like membranes differ from
those ..."

"survival" is singular. "by not only "not only being threatened …" is "like" is used incorrectly for stating
pollutants such as …" is not parallel not parallel to "but also by examples. "not only being
to "but also by dropped anchors …" dropped anchors …" threatened …" is not parallel to
"but also by dropped anchors …"
Correct answer. the usage of "OR" does not "from the mainland sometimes, or
make sense. Let us say there sometimes it comes " - not
are 10 instances of import. parallel. In addition, the pronoun
Instances 1-5 wool is imported "it" refers to "wool of sheep that
from the mainland; instances 6- roam the Isle of Lewis and Harris
10 wool is imported from off the coast of Scotland" (Noun +
Scotland. "Sometimes from all its modifiers". This does not
mainland and sometimes from make any sense in the sentence "it
Scotland" implies that both will comes from outside Scotland".
occur, i.e. instances 1-10 will
occur. (X and Y will happen -->
Both X and Y will happen).
"sometimes from mainland OR
sometimes from Scotland" -
implies either one of these
things will occur, not both.
Hence, incorrect.

"and he was fundamental in Correct answer. "and he was fundamental in

synthesizing …" -this idea does not synthesizing …" -this idea does not
make sense as an independent make sense as an independent
clause. Because "and" introduces a clause. Because "and" introduces a
list of things that have no relation to list of things that have no relation
one another. However, "fundamental to one another. However,
in synthesizing …" should clearly "fundamental in synthesizing …"
describe "superb draftsman and a should clearly describe "superb
remarkably versatile artist". Also, we draftsman and a remarkably
need to separate two independent versatile artist". Also, we need to
clauses connected by an "and" with separate two independent clauses
a Comma. connected by an "and" with a
Comma.
"the knowledge" is singular. "that "The knowledge that scientists Correct answer.
is, the cranium" - we need to follow know" is redundant.
"that" with a clause. Here, the usage
of comma mekes this incorrect.
"bony house of the brain that is the
cranium" - seems to imply that there
are many different "bony houses" of
the brain but that we are referring
specifically to one of them - "bony
house that is the cranium".

"consequent melting of polar ice Correct answer. "over and above" is redundant.
caps caused the sea levels to be "about 60 feet" seems to modify
raised …" - the passive infinitive "to "its present height".
be raised" suggests that something
else caused the sea levels to rise. We
know from the context, however,
that the melting did this. Hence, the
active form "to rise" is preferred. this
also suggests that the present height
is 60 feet. Not the intended
meaning. (the rise is 60 feet).
"making it more expensive …"
should have referred to "British
policy makers". Moreover, this
suggests that the effect "more
expensive" happened before the
cause "interest rates were raised .." -
Illogical. (read it like this - making
borrowing more expensive, interest
rates were raised by policy makers).
"hopes of their restraining economic
growth" - "their" is redundant.
"from X then to Y" is unidiomatic.
correct answer.
"they" does not have a proper "hopefully" = "full of hope"; not
antecedent. It should have the intended meaning. For
referred to the action of raising example - She looked at him
interest rates. "in hopes they will hopefully. It cannot be used in the
raise interest rates" - we need a same sense as "It is hoped that".
"that" after "hopes". Usage of "making more expensive
past perfect "had raised" is borrowing …" does not make any
incorrect. Since the sentence is sense. This suggests that British
in the past, we need future-in- policy makers made more
the-past tense "would", not the expensive borrowing. "restraining
future tense "will". Moreover, "in economic growth, policy makers
making borrowing for businesses raised interest rates" - this does
... more expensive" implies that not make sense either. Because
"raising interest rates" is a part of "restraining" (something that is
"making borrowing more hoped will be a future result)
expensive". However, "raising happens in the same time frame as
interest rates" is a cause that "raised interest rates". In addition,
leads to "making borrowing this answer option seems to
more expensive", but not exactly suggest that restraining economic
a part of it. growth was HOW they raised
interest rates.
"and to expanding" is not "and to expand" is not parallel to
parallel to anything else. anything else.
Wrong comparison between "when compared …" suggests that
"not running" and people. (those "people running 3 days a week
running …). The pronoun "those" save an average of 14.1%..." ONLY
does not have an antecedent. WHEN they are compared with
"people who do not run".
the year 2000 is compared to "35% "it" nonsensically refers to "35 the year 2000 is compared with
of the population". "it" nonsensically percent of the population". "this group". "in 1910 this group
refers to "35 percent of the "comparing it with …" refers to made 35% of the population with
population". the subject of the preceding 20% in 2000" - nonsense. "with
clause "this group" - Incorrect. 20% in 2000" has nothing to do
with how in 1910 this group made
35% of the population.

"As human DNA, the DNA of grape
plants" suggests that "the DNA of
grape plants" played the
role/function of "human DNA".
Absurd. "the DNA of grape plants" is
singular.
"As it is with human DNA, …" - wrong comparsion between
the pronoun "it" does not have "human" and "grape DNA". "the
an antecedent. Furthermore, this DNA of grape plants" is singular.
option is a sentence fragment Here, "where" can mean "at
because it has no main verb. which" or "in which". We are not
sure what the intended meaning is
here.

Adding a "then" violates the
idiomatic construction. "the more
likely" seems to modify "calcium
deposits" (suggests that "Calcium
deposits" are more likely).
Option C does not make any Correct parallel structure between
sense. Option C says that there "people show in their behavior and
will more of this --> "there are attitudes" and " they are to have
likely to be calcium deposits". calcium deposits".
"whether or not Taiwan develops a
closer relationship or preserves the
status quo …" - "or not" makes this
incorrect. Note that the two options
are "develops" and "preserves". We
do NOT need to say "or not" again.
"preserves the status quo affecting
the United States" is incorrect as it
implies that there are versions of
status quo that affect AND do not
affect the United States. Absurd.
Also, this is a sentence fragment
because it does not have a main
clause.
"surpassing" incorrectly modifies
"the report of the computer
company". The pronoun "they" does
not have an antecedent. "increase +
further" is redundant. "prices cuts
that the company intends to
increase sales" does not make any
sense. We need to say "price cuts to
increase sales"
"whether or not" is redundant.
"or the status quo is preserved"
- preserved by whom? Not
clear. Furthermore, this - "it
will affect the United States" -
distorts the meaning of the
sentence. Here, "it" = "Taiwan".
Not the intended meaning. The
intended meaning is that the
action Taiwan performs will
affect the US - "whether Taiwan
develops a closer relationship
with mainland China or
preserves the status quo" will
affect the US.
"surpassing …" incorrectly
modifies "the report of the
computer company".
"increasing + further" is
redundant. "they" does not
have an antecedent. "for the
purpose of increasing sales"
seems to modify "they
announced", not the price-cuts
themselves. Not the intended
meaning.
We do not use future tense "will"
with conditional statements
(such as "if"). Look at the
structure here - "Whether(=IF)
Taiwan develops a close
relationship or preserves status
quo, the US will be affected" - We
CANNOT say "will develop/will
preserve" here. Contrast this with
- "I am not sure whether he will
be there tomorrow" (Does not
state a condition; hence, correct).
Use simple present instead. The
pronoun "it" does not have a
referent.
"increasing + further" is
redundant. "prices cuts were
announced for increasing sales
that surpass Wall Street's
estimates". - Unacceptable shift in
meaning.
"while in her prime" (a verbless
clause) takes on the same subject
and verb as the clause to which it
attaches. Hence, "while in her
prime" refers to "her career". "with
the 15 recordings she made
disappointing artistically …" seems
to describe HOW "her career was
cut short". Incorrect. These two are
unrelated ideas. Her career could
have been cut short for a myriad
other reasons.
Correct answer.
"her career had been cut short "and the 15 recordings she made
when she was in her prime" were …" (a clause) is not parallel to
suggests that her career got cut anything else. Moreover, this
short before she was in her structure(a clause) is incompatible
prime. "even as …" suggests with "even with" (a prepositional
happening "at the same time". phrase). (We cannot say - "even
Clearly "her career was cut with the 15 recordings she made
short" and "has never been were …").
entirely forgotten by opera
afficianados" do NOT occur at
the same time. The second is
something that started in the
past and is still true today. The
first is a point action that ended
in the past. "with the 15
recordings she made
disappointing artistically …"
seems to describe HOW "her
career was cut short". Incorrect.
These two are unrelated ideas.
Her career could have been cut
short for a myriad other reasons.
the usage of "which" is incorrect. 'the usage of "which" is incorrect.
"which would form a new this suggests that the company's
company that controlled" - the purpose is controlling 15% of
tense sequence does not make nation's gasoline sales. Not the
sense. This implies that "would intended meaning.
form a new company" occurs in
the future of "controlled"
"whether X or Y" requires perfect
parallelism between X and Y. This is
violated here. "also" is used to
reinforce two ideas, but we use "or"
here to state alternatives. "or also"
does not make sense. "vulnerable
from" is unidiomatic. "vulnerable to
X OR Y" implies that ecosystems can
be vulnerable either to X or to Y. Not
the intended meaning. We need to
say "vulnerable to X AND Y" - this
implies that ecosystems are
vulnerable to both X AND Y.
The position of "that" is far from
"concern". Not ideal. Contrast this
with option C. "cite a concern"
suggests that there are other
concerns as well, but legislators are
quoting just one here.
"like" cannot be used to state
examples. "processes that are
natural" is clearly inferior to
"natural processes".
Correct answer. Note that "the
concern" is placed right next to
its modifier "that the bank’s
loans will help foreign producers
…"
"like" cannot be used to state
examples. "processes that are
natural" is clearly inferior to
"natural processes". Usage of
"ones" is redundant as removing it
does not alter the meaning of the
sentence.
This option changes the meaning
of the sentence. Remove the non-
essential modifier to see this -
"The 151 member governments
are expected to increase the
bank’s funding by $175 billion
though some US legislators cite
the concern that the bank’s loans
will help foreign producers
compete with American
businesses." - Not ideal contrast.
they don't just cite them. They
cite them as an obstacle to
congressional passage. It is not a
fact that the concern is an
obstacle (the legislators have
cited it so). According to this
option, however, the concern IS
an obstacle. (not someone's
subjective opinion).
"for adults and children as well" is
redundant.
"performing …" should refer to
"space shuttle astronauts".
"genetic engineering entails plant "either improve crop yields or to Correct answer.
or animal genes + Modifier" - Not ward of …" - not parallel.
the intended meaning. The idea is
that it entails gene's getting
spliced. "either for
improving crop yields or the
warding of of" - Not parallel.
"likely + may be" is redundant.
correct answer. "they" does not have a proper
antecedent. This also suggests
that "FDA" intends the drugs to
be used by adults and children.
"mandates that any drug must
undergo" - Incorrect. Redundant.
"performing …" should refer to "simultaneously + while" is
"space shuttle astronauts". "was redundant.
retrieved by space shuttle
astronauts who also
avoided …" implies that there
were other astronauts who did
not avoid being rear-ended by a
UV telescope.
"astronomical phenomena are "interaction of two stars where
because of the interaction …". two stars …" - interaction is not a
Note that "are" is a linking verb physical location.
and thus is followed by an
adjective. However, "because of"
is an adverbial modifier and
hence is incorrect in this case.
We need to use noun modifiers
such as due to/caused by.
"not only add convenience stores
but also they combine …" - not
parallel.
"each of the photographs" is
singular. "that the extent of the
floods … was overwhelming and
the degree to which rocks were
scattered" are not parallel. "its"
cannot refer to "floods".
"ensure + must" is redundant.
"ensure that an independent panel panel evaluate the experiment
evaluate the experiment …" - is
incorrect. Note that "ensure" is not a "ensure" is not a bossy verb to
bossy verb to warrant the use of
command subjunctive.
"not only adding convenience
stores but also in combination
…" - not parallel. "in
combination with major fast-
food chains they build complexes
where customers can shop …" -
does not make any sense.
"each of the photographs" is
singular. "its" cannot refer to
"floods".
"ensure that an independent
…" - is incorrect. Note that
warrant the use of command
subjunctive.
"not only convenience stores, but
also combining …" - not parallel.
correct answer.
"will be warned about potential
risks and an independent panel
would …" - tense mismatch. Note
that we cannot use "will" because
we need future-in-the-past
"would". The timeframe is clearly
in the past - "were established"
and "before it was conducted". the
usage of "will" is correct only if
they have not been warned of the
potential risks yet. This is unlikely
because we know that
independent panels have already
evaluated those experiments.
(note the "would").
this option is missing the verb "was" "lighting was being provided by "less than one percent of homes"
after "lighting". …" - the usage of past is plural. Usage of "was" is
continuous form is not required. incorrect. The modifier "having
We use the past continuous only lighting …" also does not make
when a longer action in the past sense in the context. "less than
is interrupted by a shorter one percent of homes had
action. "there were 1% homes electricity, having lighting that was
with electricity" - this sentence still provided by candles or gas" -
does not make much sense. Note the modifier seems to describe
that "with electricity" is a HOW they had electricity. Clearly,
modifier to "homes", not to illogical. "there were 1% of homes
anything else. so, we rewrite this that had electricity" - here, "that
as - "1% homes with electricity had electricity" is an essential
were there" - clearly nonsense. modifier to "homes". If we rewrite
Contrast this with "there are 4 this - "1% of homes that had
cars in the driveway". Here "in electricity were there" - Clearly,
the driveway" can also modify nonsense.
"there are". If we rewrite this -
"fours care are in the driveway".
Hence, correct.

"more closely related to X as to Y" is
not idiomatic. "hoofed mammals
that today include cows, camels,
pigs, and hippos" - this implies that
these animals are contained within
hoofed mammals. Illogical.
"whales … to be more closely
related to some of the oldest
known ungulates than they are
to any other mammals" - Not
parallel.
"more closely related to X as they
are to Y" is not idiomatic. The basic
structure after removing modifiers
is this - "discoveries show them as
being related to ungulates".
"being" is unnecessary here.

"either by an increase or an increase "either accompanied by an "in a container, or by an increase

in volume …" - not parallel. The increase or by an increase in in volume …" - we do not use
pronoun "it" should have referred to volume" is not parallel. comma to separate two phrases
"increase in temperature". Hence, connected by a conjunction.
incorrect. "either accompanied by an
increase or by an increase in
volume" is not parallel.
not perfectly parallel structure "as" seems to be making "when they have been prescribed
"having" or "being". Moreover, this comparisons (= just as) here. Not too low of a dosage or were taken
implies "the prescription was the intended meaning. "having off a drug too soon" - this presents
ineffective because the dosage was too low of a dosage of a two alternatives that happen at
too low" - Not ideal. We need to say prescribed drug …" - implies that the same time. We need the same
"the drug was ineffective because the prescription was fine, but the tenses. Also, "when" implies at the
the dosage in the prescription was patient did not have money to same time. "when they were taken
too low". In addition, "having a drug buy sufficient quantities of the off the drugs, they may have
prescription ..." occurs in the same drug. Unacceptable shift in received inadequate treatment" -
time frame as "may have received meaning. does not make sense either. The
inadequate treatment". Using "that timeline of tenses in options B, D,
was ineffective" suggests that the and E do not make sense. They do
prescription was ineffective BEFORE not receive inadequate treatment
the patient received treatment or at the same time/when they have
even got the prescription. Nonsense. been prescribed too low a dosage
Also, "having a drug prescription OR when they have been taken off
that was ineffective ..." need to lead a drug. Receiving "inadequate
to "received inadequate treatment". treatment" clearly occurs AFTER
This is much better - "have been the prescriptions and AFTER they
prescribed too low a drug dosage" are taken off drugs too early.

Correct answer. "demand that the money is to be "demand that local school districts
controlled" does not use the are in control …" does not use the
proper verb form for command proper verb form for command
subjunctive. "but allowing it …" is subjunctive.
not parallel to anything else.
"exceeding …" incorectly modifies
company. The pronoun "they" has
no antecedent. Also, this
construction "company earned
double what earnings were in the
previous quarter" does not make a
lot of sense. Does not clearly
answer the question - "double of
what?"
Correct answer.
"slow process of heat transfer" is
compared with "heat".
not only.. But also … parallel
who correctly referring to ethnic
groups
"exceeding …" incorectly "earnings" are incorrectly
modifies company. "first quarter compared to the previous quarter.
earnings that more than doubled
those in previous quarter" - this
nonsensically implies that 1st
quarter earnings were
responsible for doubling the
earnings in the previous quarter.
Parallelism dictates this - "having "the altar of heaven more than a
been the oldest known altar 1000 years older than a similar one
used in Chinese State relegious In Beijing and is the only altar
practice" -this implies that it is found so far …" - the phrase to the
no longer the oldest known altar. left hand side of "and" is missing a
Incorrect. "is more than 1,000 verb.
years older than a similar one in
Beijing and the only known altar
found so far ..." - the phrase after
"and" is missing a verb. Hence,
not parallel.
Correct answer. this sentence - "transferring heat
occurs more slowly" - does not
make much sense.
not only… but also not parallel they and them pronoun ref not
clear. , imposing of not correct
"which" incorrectly refers to "North "slammed and causing" - not
America".
Not as parallel as option A is. A has does not have a main clause.
the same subject in the subordinate
and main clauses.
Parallelism dictates this structure
-"shaped by thousands of 80,000 of
the genes". Contrast this with
"shaped by thousands of the 80,000
genes". Clearly, the latter is better.
"80,000 of the genes" implies that
there are many more genes than
80,000. (20 of the soldiers -->
implies there are more than 20
soldiers).
look at the parallel structures "an
parallel. asteroid bigger than Everest
slammed into North America" and
"it marks the end of the geological
era known as the Cretaceous". By
putting these two in parallel we
are implying that both have the
same priority. However, clearly the
second is a description of the first.
Also, note that the possible
antecedent for "it" - "an event that
caused ..." is in a non-essential
modifier. A sentence must make
sense even if the non-essential
modifiers are removed. the "it"
then will not have an antecedent.
Not ideal.
does not have a main clause
"complex human traits" is plural. "complex human traits" is plural.
Parallelism dictates this structure "like" cannot be used to introduce
-"shaped by thousands of 80,000 examples.
of the genes". Contrast this with
"shaped by thousands of the
80,000 genes". Clearly, the latter
is better. "80,000 of the genes"
implies that there are more
genes than 80,000. Not the
intended meaning.
wrong comparision betweeen
language and maya. "being more
pictographic in nature" modifies "it
was not as highly sophisticated".
This implies that "more
pictographic" was the reason behind
the language being not
sophisticated. Not logical.
the subject of "but was more
pictographic in nature" is "the
Aztec people". Also, "not as
highly sophisticated as the
Maya's" modifies "the Aztec
people".
"being more pictographic …"
should have referred to the
language of the Aztec peole. Here
it modifies "not as highly
sophisticated as that of the Maya".
Even this does not make sense as it
implies "more pictographic" was
the reason behind being not
sophisticated.

"pain relieving effect" is compared "exercise" does not add
with the drug "morphine". Incorrect. complementary flavors to food.
"pain relieving effect" is
compared with the drug
"morphine". Incorrect.
"besides adding complementary
flavors .." refers to "the release of
endorphins". "both by hot sauces
and exercise" - Not parallel.

"any similar dinosaur type "similar dinosaur types that were Correct answer.
previously found in North America" - previously found in North
Illogical. "fossils were at least 25 America" - Illogical.
million years older …" -the usage of
past tense suggests that this is no
longer true.

Correct answer Exploding incorrectly modifies "evidence of a star" - not the

"full moon"
not parallel. Moreover, this reads
"evidence of a star + modifier".
Not the intended meaning.
Parallelism dicates this -
"evidence of a star that it
emitted dazzling radiation …".
The "it" is redundant.
intended meaning. "exploding into
full view" refers to "astronomers".
Illogical. The participle modifier (by
definition) occurs in the same time
frame as "have uncovered".
Illogical. Using "and" suggests that
"exploding into view" and
"emitting dazzling radiation" are
completely unrelated ideas.
"say that rich nations join in this
downward slide towards more lax
attitude about pollution" - We
cannot use command subjunctive
with the verb "say".
"because of wanting" is
unidiomatic. "many rich nations
join this downward trend …" -
note that we do not want to
express a general truth here but
talk about a recent
phenomenon. "have joined"
makes more sense.
Unacceptable shift in meaning.
This option no longer suggests that
rich nations have joined this trend.
Rather this gives a reason why this
trend happens IN rich nations. We
do not know who has joined the
trend IN rich nations. "wanting to
maintain competition" is not the
same as wanting to maintain
"competitiveness".

"have connotations they are "the letters A and B having Correct answer.
aware of" - we do not end modifiers connotations …" - the non-
with prepositions. essential modifier implies that
there are types of "letters A and
B" that have connations.
Consequently, there are other
types that do not. Illogical.
"the remainder of 9 inches "transpiration from soil and from "with transpiration to return 21
contribute" - the subject and verb do plants return" - the subject and inches" - this seems to imply that
not agree. The contrast indicator verb do not agree. "the balance transpiration has an
"even though" does not make much of 9 inches contribute" - the OBLIGATION/is EXPECTED to return
sense here. (because there does not subject and verb do not agree. 21 inches. Incorrect. Moreover, the
seem to be a contrast - 21 inches The contrast indicator "although" modifier "with transpiration to
return to atmosphere AND 9 inches does not make much sense here. return 21 inches …" does not make
contribute to the flow of rivers) (because there does not seem to sense as it seems to describe HOW
be a contrast - 21 inches return "the rest of 9 inches contributes to
to atmosphere AND 9 inches the flow ...". "the rest of the 9
contribute to the flow of rivers) inches" - refers to what is left of
the 9 inches. Incorrect. We need to
say "the rest of the 21 inches".

"with each AS a product of its
regional influences" - this suggests
that each style of cooking plays the
role of/functions as a product of its
regional influences. Not the
intended meaning. Each style of
cooking IS a function of its regional
influences.
"each" is singular. Hence, plural Correct answer.
"their" is incorrect. "product of
its/their regional influences"
does not make sense. We
cannot a style of cooking is a
product of the style's (its)
regional influences.

Correct answer. "vulnerable to any hints of oil "vulnerable to any hints of oil
supplies + modifier" - not the supplies + modifier" - not the
intended meaning. "vulnerable intended meaning.
to any unexpected growth in
consumer demand as was
possibly prompted by colder-
than-normal temperatures." -
this suggests that "colder than
normal temperatures" previously
prompted growth in consumer
demand but are no longer a
factor of influence.
"has suggested" does not make
sense as it implies that the evidence
no longer suggests this. We need to
use the simple present. "has
suggested the elephant …" does not
make sense. The modifier "its trunk
originally evolving as a snorkel" does
not make sense as it seems to
describe HOW the elephant is
descended from the aquatic
mammal.
"had descended" does not make "has descended" literally implies
sense as it implies a downward moving downwards. "is
motion. Moreover, since this is a descended", on the other hand,
general truth, we need to use implies "is a descendant of".
the simple present. The modifier
"with its trunk originally evolving
as a snorkel" does not make
sense as it seems to describe
HOW the elephant is descended
from the aquatic mammal.

"the Sacagawea dollar coin will be Correct answer This has an ambiguous meaning.
used more as a substitute for four We do not know whether
quarters than the dollar bill" - has an Sacagawea dollar coin will be as a
ambiguous meaning. We do not substitute for the dollar bill or
know whether Sacagawea dollar whether the dollar bill will be
coin will be as a substitute for the used as a substitute for four
dollar bill or whether the dollar bill quarters. Moreover, "because its
will be used as a substitute for four weight of only 8.1 grams is far
quarters. lighter than it is for …" - the
pronoun "it" illogically refers to "its
(Sacagawea dollar's) weight".

"amounting ..." refers to "one "an increase + Modifier" is Correct answer.

automobile manufacturer" - Illogical. placed in parallel to a clause
The pronoun "it" does have a logical "and it would represent …" -
referent. It does not make sense to Incorrect
put "one automobile manufacturer
has announced …" and "it would
represent the first significant change
…" because the latter is a description
of "increase the average fuel
efficiency by 25% over next 5 years".
"which" incorrectly modifies
"directly". "ability" and "capability"
are generally restricted to humans.
"can" can be used for almost
anything.
"just as X, so Y" -- X and Y must be
parallel structures. X here is a
prepositional phrase, Y is a clause.
Moreover, "the support" is not with
"the free computer OS linux".
"either from burning up or
freezing over" - not parallel. Also,
this sentence does not have a main
clause.
"ability" and "capability" are "which" incorrectly modifies
generally restricted to humans. "directly".
"can" can be used for almost
anything. "a development
leading to …" - the participle
modifier takes the same time as
the object that it modifies.
"leading to" actually occurs in
the future of the development.
If "it" is a placeholder, then it "like" cannot be followed by
should refer to "that support for prepositions. "like + so" is
it has been growing". Rewriting unidiomatic.
the sentence now - "that the
support for it has been growing
has been" - makes no sense.
this sentence does not have a "either from burning up or
main clause. Moreover, these freezing over" - not parallel. "they
things - "reflect and act as a global thermostat that
absorb solar radiation, act as a thus keeps Earth …" - this implies
global thermostat and thus keep that there IS a global thermostat
Earth from either burning …" - that keeps earth from burning up.
by putting them in parallel, this Ice particles only ACT AS a global
option implies that these things thermostat and in the process
are unrelated. However, the keep earth from burning up. "even
highlighted portion is clearly a though it also accelerates " - the
description of the non- pronoun "it" has no antecedent.
highlighted portion. Finally, "Although ice particles
benefit Earth in that they reflect
and absorb solar radiation, they
act as a global thermostat ..." - the
usage of "although" does not make
sense as there is no contrast
indicated.
"there would be a cut and expected
a reported a loss of 10%" -
"expected" does not go along well
with any part on the left hand side
of "and". We cannot say "there
would be expected a reported loss
…". This - "expected a reported loss"
does not make any sense. It implies
that there are reported, and thus
unreported losses as well.
"more than 2000 jobs" refers "Blaming …" incorrectly modifies
only to "10 percent" (not 10% of "company's announcement".
its workforce). This does not "company's announcement
make any sense. The basic included the cutting of its
structure here is "company workforce and expecting to
announced X and it expected Y" report a loss in its third quarter".
-- this implies that "expected Y" -- this does not make any sense.
has nothing to do with the Taken literally, it means that
company's announcement. actual firings (not just an
"expected a reported loss" does announcement) and (the action
not make any sense. It implies of) anticipating a loss in 3rd
that there are reported, and thus quarter were part of the
unreported losses as well. announcement. (i.e. they sat down
for a while and then they
anticipated the loss - this was part
of the announcement)

"it declined much more rapidly" "had declined Correct answer.

("it" refers to "economic growth"). much more rapidly in the
"The economic growth of Britain subsequent recession" - do not
was slower in the mid-1970's than use the past perfect when
the US did". Note that "did" referring to a specific time-
CANNOT substitute for "was slower". period. Also, "which grew more
Incorrect. (However, it CAN slowly in the mid-1970's" - than
substitute for "declined" = "did what? Not clear.
[decline]")

Correct answer. "the privilege to prescribe began "psychiatrists" are compared with
to be granted …" - by whom? Not "historically psychologists".
clear. Incorrect. Note that in "unlike X, Y"
--we cannot have a modifier like
"historically" before Y.

"but they have been redirected …" - this is a sentence fragment. "but having been redirected …" is
note that "they" is not parallel to anything else. This is
redundant/unnecessary. a sentence fragment.
Distorted meaning, conveys beam "BEAM robots are not being
robots learn to walk by programming programmed to walk" - use of
themselves present continuous is not
required since we are talking
about general truth/facts about
BEAM robots. "but" is not
followed by a complete clause,
making this option a sentence
fragment. "but instead using ..."
is not parallel to anything on the
left hand side of "but". "using
brainlike circuits called neural
networks and learning to walk" -
implies that the 2 things are
unrelated. Incorrect.
"pioneered …" should have
modified "beam robots".
"programming for BEAM
robots learning to walk through
trial and error" -implies that there
are certain ones that learn to walk
through trial & error and certain
ones that do not. "brainlike circuits
called neural networks are used ..."
- for whom/what? Not clear.

Note that "active voice + by +
Action Noun" is not idiomatic. For
example - I started the car by the
use of keys. Here - "the bank
engaged in deceptive practices by its
failure of honoring/by failing to
honor" - clearly, the latter is better.
The implied structure "bank "the AG accused the bank of
engaged in deceptive practices deceptive practices because of its
in its failing to honor its promise failure to honor its promises".
to its customers" - this implies "because" indicates a reason. As
that "engaging in deceptive such reason should be different
practices" happens during the from accusation. "deceptive
process of (is a part of) "failing to practices" and "failure to keep its
honor its promise…". Not logical. promises" are the same thing. So,
"promise of keeping records this option basically reads "the AG
safe" is unidiomatic. accused the bank of engaging in
deceptive practices because it
engaged in deceptive practices
(failure to honor its promise)."
Also, "promise in keeping records
private" is unidiomatic.
"broadens … and feigns …" should Correct answer.
have been modifiers to "puts on an
impressive bluff" (because we
know it acts like a cobra). "but the
hognose snake with no dangerous
fangs and no venom, eventually, if
its pursuer is not cowed by the
performance, will fall over ..." -- here
we are referring only to a particular
group of hognose snakes (note the
absence of comma after 'but'). This
implies that there are other types of
hognose snakes that have dangerous
fangs and venom. Incorrect.
"if" not parallel to "whether". This
sentence -- "if other animals were
studied with as much depth they
would exhibit similar
patterns" -- completely changes the
meaning of the original. According
to this, we're sure when other
animals are studied in depth. Not
logical. Furthermore, "studied with
depth" is not idiomatic.
"for which" implies that countries
will be reducing pollution for the
sake of the protocol.
"would" takes the same subject
as the previous clause because
of parallelism. "chimpanzees
would similar patterns be found
… " -- does not make much
sense.
Correct Answer. "under which"
implies how the protocol will
govern/influence control of
emissions.
"broadening" and "feigns" are not
parallel. Also, this option refers
only to "hognose snakes with no
dangerous fangs and no venom".
Incorrect. The second part of this
option is a fragment - "the
hognose snake with no dangerous
fangs and no venom, and
eventually, if its pursuer is not
cowed by the performance, will
fall over and play dead".
"other animals that were studied
with as much depth" --
unacceptable shift in meaning.
Here, these animals are already
studied and we are waiting for
the results. The original meaning
states a condition -- "IF they were
studied in as much depth" (implies
that they are NOT studied in as
much depth). Furthermore,
"studied with depth" is not
idiomatic.
Plain "such that" is considered
incorrect on GMAT.
The pronoun "that" seems to refer "Siberia's Lake Baikal it holds "While more than 300 rivers drain
to "20% of the world's fresh more of the world's fresh water into it, Siberia's Lake Baikal holds
water". The result is a nonsense …" is incorrect. This modifier "20 20 percent of the world's fresh
sentence - "with 20% of the percent" does not seem to refer water" -- there is no contrast
world's fresh water, 20% of the to anything. "than all water(that) indicated between these two
world's fresh water is more than of the North American Great clauses. Incorrect. "20 percent of
all the North American Great Lakes Lakes combined" -- is redundant. the world's fresh water, which is
combined". "Siberia's Lake Baikal Usage of "combined" is not more than all the North American
has more than 300 rivers" --this required. Great Lakes
implies that these rivers belong to combined." -- water is compared
Lake Baikal. Illogical. to Lakes. Incorrect. (Note that this
is not the comparison involved in
option A in which "more than"
functions as an adverbial that
modifies "holds").

"might have added" suggests that
the person is privy to any
messages that were added before
the hack was put in place. Not to
any new messages. Not the
intended meaning. Here -- "who
had still been harboring the illusion
that E-mail exchanges are private" --
the present tense "are" does not
make sense because they do NOT
harbor such illusions anymore.
(hence past perfect - "had been
harboring").
"is privy to any comments that Correct answer. "still harboring
the recepient would add" -- here the illusion that email exchanges
"would add" occurs in the future are private" suggests that those
of "uncovered" whereas "is people still harbor those illusions
privy" presents a general truth. (Note that -ing forms take the
We need both these tenses to be tense of the clause that they
at the same time because the attach to).
hacker gets to read new
comments as a person adds
them (in the future). Here --
"who were still harboring the
illusion that E-mail exchanges
are private" -- the present tense
"are" does not make sense
because they do NOT harbor
such illusions anymore. (hence
past tense - "were harboring").
"after which" must be followed by
a clause. Also, "having rejoined …"
is used to indicate two actions --
one prior to the other. We do not
know what happened after
"rejoining". "rejoined with
gravitational attraction" is incorrect.
"after which" is incorrect as it does
not have an immediately preceding
noun. (Note that "which" is a
pronoun).
"suggests that through repeated "after which" must be followed
impacts that the surface broke by a clause. " the surface broke
apart" -- the 2nd "that" is apart with repeated impacts" is
redundant. "after which" is incorrect.
incorrect as it does not have an
immediately preceding noun.
(Note that "which" is a pronoun).

"tribes interacted among each
other more often than [tribes
interacted] among others" -
Incorrect. "each other" is used for 2
things. For more than 2 things, we
use "one another". "interacted
among" is unidiomatic.
Correct answer. "interacting among each other …"
- we use "one another" with more
than 2 things, not "each other".
"interacting between other tribes"
does not make sense. "between" is
not used only for 2 things.
"interacting …" should refer to
"neighboring tribes". Here, it refers
to the subject of the preceding
clause "the confederacy".
Incorrect.

Correct answer. Wrong comparison between Wrong comparison between

"emergency calls" and "the "emergency calls" and "operators".
location".

"although not announced …" should "Although observed by graduate Correct answer.
have referred to "the discovery of student Jocelyn Bell in the
the pulsar". summer of 1967" should have
referred to "the pulsar".
"besides + also" is redundant. Implies that "heat and light" are Correct answer.
'Implies that "heat and light" are also are a continuous stream of
also are a continuous stream of atomic particles.
atomic particles.

Wrong comparison between "men" Wrong comparison between Wrong comparison between "men
and "their problem". "men" and "one thing". of science" and "the handicap".

SV agreement error - three
automobile owners plural vs owns
singular
Implies that bicycles are only SV agreement error - three out of
owned by this group of people. every four automobile owners
"three out of every four owners (plural) vs owns (singular).
of automobiles in the US." --
here "in the US" modifies
"automobiles". This suggests
that the automobiles are in the
US, but the owners need not
necessarily be. They can be in
other countries as well. Only
requirement is that the person
should own an automobile in the
US. Distorts the meaning.

"it" refers to "early homind's manner Correct answer Idiom "regard to be" is incorrect.
of walking". Illogical. The correct form is "regard as".

"because all of its neural pathways" Correct answer "both because they carry" - "they"
-- the "its" does not have an does not have an antecedent.
antecedent.

"direction + were" is incorrect. "earth and other solid planets + Correct answer.
"earth and other solid planets + spins" is incorrect.
spins" is incorrect.
"call + by the use of …" is
unidiomatic. "and attracting" is not
parallel to anything else in the
sentence.
Parallelism dictates this -- "male Correct answer. Note the parallel
moths call female moths to them structures - "call female moths to
by attracting their mates during them using acoustical signals,
the day". Does not make much rather than olfactory ones, and
sense. attract"

this sentence is potentially
ambiguous. It can also imply "than
to their parents or grandparents"
This implies "young people have Correct answer
a smaller commitment to work
and a career than young people
have a commitment[that] of
their parents or grandparents"
--does not make any sense.

Correct answer Note that we are referring to a "jumped at 20 percent" is

specific time period "in 1997". unidiomatic.
Usage of present perfect "has
jumped" is incorrect.

Parallelism dictates this structure -
"not conformed to flaunting shape
for its own sake". This does not
make any sense.
"more" requires a "than" unless
the comparision is implied
from context. Parallelism
dictates this structure - "not
conformed to shape flaunted
for its own sake". This does not
make any sense. This sentence
distorts the meaning of the
sentence by suggesting that the
style conforms MORE to the
shape of the body and thus is
ergonomic. the original sentence
is the new style conforms to
shape of the body and thus is
MORE ergonomic.
"more + rather than" is
unidiomatic. This sentence
distorts the meaning of the
sentence by suggesting that the
style conforms MORE to the shape
of the body and thus is ergonomic.
the original sentence is the new
style conforms to shape of the
body and thus is MORE ergonomic.
the structure of the modifier is -
"the style conforms more to body's
shape than shape flaunted" --
"shape flaunted" and "body's
shape" are in parallel. Illogical.
"great navigators" are compared "where" refers to "Earth" in
with "new observations". Incorrect. general. It should have referred
to certain specific places on
Earth where they made their
observations.
Correct answer. "navigators who
sailed around gathering
information …" the modifier
"gathering information" describes
the previous clause "sailed
around".

"steam locomotive" is compared Correct answer "steam locomotive" is compared

with "diesel locomotive's engine". "it with "cold engine of a diesel
was possible to move under its own locomotive".
power" - possible for what? Not
clear.

Correct answer. "using technology …" refers to Not a sentence.

"an attempt".

"that" cannot refer to the plural "that" cannot refer to the plural "the Sumatran Rhino" is not WITH
"two horns". Moreover, this option "two horns". Moreover, this "African black and white rhinos".
compares "horns" to "Sumatran option compares "horns" to
Rhino". "Sumatran Rhino".
"taking alcohol with meals on a "taken with meals on a Correct answer.
moderate, regular basis" is not moderate, regular basis" is not
perfectly parallel to "its consumption parallel to "consuming it".
on binges". "benefits are greatest
with taking alcohol on a moderate
basis" is unidiomatic.

the clause "the impact it would Usage of "or" distorts the
have" is not parallel to anything else. meaning. These two things -
"significant warming will occur"
and "impact it would have if it
did" are not alternatives.
Usage of "or" distorts the meaning.
These two things - "significant
warming will occur" and "impact it
would have if it did" are not
alternatives. "the impact it will
have" -- usage of "will" implies that
this will definitely occur.
"the growth of the global economy
has been more than growth of the
global economy [that] during
10,000 years [has been]" is the
implied structure. But since we are
referring to a specific period in the
past [8050 BC - 1950 AD], this is
incorrect. Also, "during 10,000
years" does not make it clear which
10,000 years we are referring to. It
can possibly refer to any 10,000 year
period. TO MAKE IT CLEAR THAT WE
ARE REFERRING TO A SPECIFIC TIME
PERIOD, THE MODIFIER "from when
agriculture began ..." should be an
essential modifier (not separated by
commas).
"either reported finding a similar or Correct answer.
greater variety" -- not parallel.
"the Oneida" should be plural. (just Correct answer.
like Spanish/French).
"exceeds the growth [that]
which had been for 10,000
years" -- Usage of "had been" is
incorrect since we are referring
to a specific time period.
Furthermore, this option does
not answer the question -- the
growth which had been what?
Existent? Not clear. The tense
"had been" also suggests that
the "growth" was constant
during the period.
"what it [the growth] has been for
10,000 years" -- Usage of "has
been" is incorrect since we are
referring to a specific time period.
Also, "during 10,000 years" does
not make it clear which 10,000
years we are referring to. It can
possibly mean any 10,000 year
period. TO MAKE IT CLEAR THAT
WE ARE REFERRING TO A SPECIFIC
TIME PERIOD, THE MODIFIER
"from when agriculture began ..."
should be an essential modifier
(not separated by commas). The
tense "has been" also suggests
that the "growth" was constant
during the period. In addition, the
pronoun "it" nonsensically refers
to the entire phrase "the growth of
the global economy since 1990".
Ambiguous meaning. Seems to
suggest that we are comparing
"insects" to "tropical forests".
"either reported finding a similar
or greater variety" -- not parallel.
"were the only ones in siding with
the colonists during American
Revolution" -- here "in siding with"
is not idiomatic. "were the only
ones" is not a part of "in siding
with colonists". "Oneida were the
only ones" -- implies that "oneida"
comprise more than one nation.
"their greater enrichment of the
soil" - here "their" seems to refer compared with "the root
to "grasses". "grasses' greater
enrichment of soil" does not make
any sense. "but without growing to
be that tall" - not parallel. "that tall"
is incorrect in formal usage.
The pronoun 'they' is ambiguous.
The modifier 'for married women ...'
does not make any sense. 'for
married women ..., they were more
likely to ... ' is illogical. (for = for the
purpose of). The usage of 'and'
introduces an independent idea -
'for married women ...' has no
connection to the survey.
must be cut at the source by fossil
fuels' is absurd. (Emissions cannot
be cut by fossil fuels.) Also, active
voice + by + noun is incorrect.
(better use verb-ing instead of
noun.) 'those' refers to fossil fuels.
this again is absurd.
Usage of active voice + by + action
noun is incorrect. 'by painstakingly
documenting' is not parallel to 'by
her discovery.'
"crested wheatgrass" is "crested wheatgrass" is compared
with "the root system". "the root
system". system of native North American
grasses is more extensive" --
changes the meaning by
suggesting that root systems of
wheatgrass are also extensive(only
less so than those of North
American grasses).
the usage of 'when' is incorrect. Correct answer.
it distorts the meaning. It seems
to suggest that when women
have such children, they
automatically become more
likely to work different shifts.
"those of their husbands' " is
redundant. The usage of 'and'
introduces an independent idea -
'when married women ...' has no
connection to the survey. 'likely
for them' is unidiomatic.
correct answer. 'active voice + by active voice + by + noun' is
+ verb-ing' is the correct usage. generally incorrect. Usage of 'by
alternatives' is also incorrect.
'emissions can be cut by
alternatives' is incorrect. Better use
'by using alternatives'.
Usage of 'with' is problematic. Correct answer. From this we know
'with her discovery ..., she was a that 'her' can refer to a noun in
contributor to archaeology.' is possessive form.
incorrect.
If we remove the non-essential correct answer. and also' is redundant. Usage of
modifier, we are left with a sentence past tense is incorrect. Past tense
fragment. the 'they' is redundant. has no bearing on the present.
Present perfect, however, has a
bearing on the present. The
sentence also distorts the original
meaning. Here only the bridge
shows their idea. In the original all
like' is not used to give examples. structures
present continuous tense is not Faulty do.
comparison between
use 'such as'. Also, 'fertility rates' required here. (it is used when fertility rates and countries. 'all
cannot exceed other countries - something is happening right those of' distorts the meaning.
illogical. The -ing modifier is too now.) But present tense is used seems to imply that there are
restrictive. Seems to suggest that to state general truths. (from the many fertility rates and those are
there might be other rates that do context, we can infer that this common to Indonesia and
not exceed those in other countries. scenario has also happened in Thailand.
the past and is true now as well.)
Faulty comparison between Mayan Faulty comparison between 'seemed' - past tense - is incorrect.
cities and Cancun's commercial Mayan cities and the commercial Cancun seems like that to people
power. power of Cancun. 'seemed' - now. Hence, use present perfect.
past tense - is incorrect. Cancun (the action used happened in the
seems like that to people now. past and its effect is felt right now
in our observation.)

test scores show mastery of test scores showing mastery of
reading ...' distorts the meaning. The reading ...' distorts the meaning.
correct answer must convey an idea, The correct answer must convey
the idea that test scores show that an idea, the idea that test scores
reading skillls have improved. 'it be show that reading skillls have
that' after should is redundant. improved. 'has' , in this option,
takes 'test scores' as its subject -
incorrect.
Active voice + by + action noun is Correct answer.
incorrect. Better use the verb-ing
form of the noun. 'bus engines'
pollution' translates to 'pollution of
bus engines' - not logical.
battery powered cars' are compared battery powered cars' are
with 'automakers'. compared with 'fuel cells'.
'driving range and performance'
are compared 'internal
combustion engine'. Distorts the
meaning. Seems to suggest that
if we use the same fuel cells in
trucks, we can expect a similar
Incorrect comparison between performance.
being domesticated ...' here
'tendency to circle' and 'caribou'. incorrectly refers to reindeer's
Also, this option refers to a specific tendency. Usage of 'that' is
group of caribou - caribou that tend incorrect. 'that What?' Faulty
to spread far and wide. 'both belong comparison between 'reindeer's
+ same' is redundant. Distorts tendency' and 'caribou'. Also,
meaning - suggests that the years this option refers to a specific
have brought on this change. 'about group of caribou - caribou that
7000 yrs' is singular. tend to spread far and wide.
Distorts meaning - suggests that
the years have brought on this
change.
if' must be followed by a clause.
'having improved ...' is incorrectly
used. 'having ...' is used when the
action following 'having' precedes
the action that it modifies. 'test
scores showing mastery of
reading ...' distorts the meaning.
The correct answer must convey
an idea,
plan the idea that
for imposing' test scores
is incorrect here.
show thatthey
(It means reading
were skillls haveup an
drawing
improved.
agenda and schedule for the plan.)
The usage of 'and' is incorrect.
'and' introduces a list of
independent items - 'jointly
adopting' would have no
relationship to 'imposing'.
battery powered cars' are
compared with 'fuel cells'. 'driving
range and performance' are
compared 'internal combustion
engine'. Distorts the meaning.
Seems to suggest that if we use
the same fuel cells in trucks, we
can expect a similar performance.
(does notthe
both are explicitly answer the
same species' is
question where
incorrect. would the
(that means theyreindeer
provide
and the such performance?)
caribou are essentially the
same animals.) If we say both
belong to same species, then the
order of species to which they
belong is the same. 'tendency is for
caribou' is unidiomatic. Distorts
meaning - suggests that the years
have brought on this change.
'about 7000 years' is singular.
known as' is the incorrect idiom.
(known as = recognized as). Usage of
'having forced ...' is incorrect. (this
modifier must modify plants).
(known as must be followed by a
noun.)
Distorts the meaning. Seems to known that' is incorrect (Execpt
imply that humans are still probably when you have a
forcing those plant and species placeholder/dummy 'it').
to become extinct.

so that' distorts the meaning. Seems for comparing the two species to Correct answer.
to imply that they are different be as questionable or useless'
enough for a reason. distorts the meaning. this
modifier does not work with the
main clause. (It needs a
hypothetical case, which is not
conveyed by present tense).

picking strawberries' is compared Correct answer. unlike + with' is incorrect.

with 'green bananas'. Usage of 'bananas' are compared with
'unlike + with' is incorrect. 'strawberry picking'.

as + preposition' is not generally many district schools' are Correct answer.

used to make comparisons. 'many compared to 'officials'.
district schools' are compared to
'officials'.

it' refers to 'more than ten times as Correct answer. Also notice the it' refers to 'more than ten times as
much energy'. parallelism between 'is much energy'.
generated now' and 'was the
case in 1990'.

and also' is redundant. the usage of Correct answer. both X and Y' requires perfect
'having initiated ...' is incorrect. It parallelism between X and Y.
must be followed by what the
software company did later.

Not parallel. 'gain' is not parallel to
'enabled'.
born into ...' must modify born into ...' must modify 'Martha
'Martha Harper'. Distorts the Harper'. 'a radical new business
meaning - states that the model' seems to modify 'Martha
'creation' was a new business Harper'.
model. However, from the
orginal sentence, we know that
'retail franchise network' was a
new business model.
then redesigning' is not parallel to
'separated' and 'found'.
Since we are referring to a specific Correct answer.
point in the past (the year 1992), we
need past tense. 'primarily
resulting ...' illogically modifies
$7.4Bn.
proof for' is unidiomatic.
evidence of people' is incorrect. The Correct answer.
correct idiom is 'in much the same
way as'. 'much the same' indicates
that 'registering emotions' and
'experiencing heartburn' are the
same.
finding the best way of ...' does
not really make sense as a
modifier to 'if the components
were separated ...' (these are 2
separate ideas that have no
causal relationship to each
other.)
proof for' is unidiomatic.
Correct answer. Maintains parallel
structure.
which is' is redundant. 'that' is a
demonstrative pronoun. It needs
an object to modify. (It cannot be
used as a standalone pronoun.)
Also, the usage of 'was + because'
is generally incorrect on the GMAT.
(Because "was" (a linking verb) is
followed by adjectives (for
example - she was beautiful).
However, "because/because of" do
NOT function as noun modifiers.
Hence incorrect.)
Correct answer.
in much the same way' is the
proper idiom. 'same as' requires
parallelism. 'register' is not parallel
to 'experiencing'. 'a person' does
not agree with 'their'.
After determining ...' must modify
people.
"fossilized algae that had been
present" implies that such
fossilized algae are no longer
present. 'After determining ...'
must modify people. This option
is also a sentence fragment since
it contains no main subject or
verb. "that" should not be
preceded by commas.
what types' is not parallel to 'the
levels'. Usage of the past perfect
'had been' is incorrect. 'After
determining ...' must modify
people. Hence, it is a dangling
modifier.

changes' is plural. 'what the reveal' (a verb) is not parallel to reveal' (a verb) is not parallel to
chemical elements ...' is not parallel 'the speed' (a noun phrase). 'the speed' (a noun phrase). "what
to 'the speed'. chemical elements are in the
explosion [is revealed by the
changes]." -- this suggests that ALL
chemical elements exist in one
form in the explosion and in
another form otherwise.

the features look just like those at to' indicates intention. so, 'the correct answer.
the base of Antarctic ice streams' is features look just like those at
not a suggestion. the base of Antarctic ice streams
to suggest' does not make any
sense. "suggest X as Y" requires
parallelism between X and Y.
Here, X (= [flowing] ice --> a
noun form where "flowing" is
just a modifier) is not parallel to
Y (= having carved the giant
Martian channels --> a present
participle/modifier).
"are able to + can endure" does not "as other reptiles do" suggests CORRECT ANSWER. Correct usage
make sense. If the sentence reads that other reptiles DO ENDURE of 'like'. Clear and concise
"as other reptiles can", then the long fasts. Note that this distorts
sentence could have been correct. the original meaning. The
(because we can infer "endure" from original suggests that other
ellipsis). reptiles have the ability to
endure long fasts. We do not
whether they endure them or
not. This option suggests other
reptiles DO endure, but we do
not know whether they are
adequately equipped to face
such situations or not.

"Less than" is the right usage. "Less "Less than" is the right usage. women who ate' and 'women
as" is incorrect. "Less as" is incorrect. 'women eating' are not perfectly parallel.
who ate' and 'women eating' are
not perfectly parallel.

Command subjunctive requires the Command subjunctive requires "require the drug + Modifier" --
simple form of the verb - "undergo". the simple form of the verb - unacceptable distortion in
"undergo". Removing "is to" meaning.
conveys the meaning perfectly.

CORRECT ANSWER. Comparison is
correct. Clear and Concise
"without being assisted by a "Unlike with Ramjets" is incorrect.
rocket" seems to refer to "high "unlike" cannot be followed by
speeds". Note that "with prepositional phrases.
ramjets" is a non-essential
modifier (the sentence must
make sense even if it is
removed).

less than' is the right usage not 'less CORRECT ANSWER. Uses 'less "but yet" is redundant.
as'. than' correctly. Clear and
concise.
"captured customers" is not parallel CORRECT ANSWER. Removes not only has captured' and 'but
to "it also forced them …" pronoun ambiguity by using also these companies have been
'these companies'. forced' are not parallel.

willingness increasing' suggests that CORRECT ANSWER. "because" and "therefore"

there were two versions of together are redundant. "the
willingness. (One increasing, the rental market in the area renewed"
other decreasing). suggests that "rental market"
renewed by itself.

"greater than" should be used
because we are dealing with
numbers/quantities.
"their numbers now fivefold
what they were" does not
describe HOW it survived a close
brush with extinction. "their"
cannot refer to the singular "the
Arctic gyrfalcon".
Plural 'they' cannot refer to
singular 'gyrfalcon'. "now with
numbers five times greater than …"
does not describe HOW they
survived a close brush with
extinction.

present perfect "has suggested"
implies that the evidence NO longer
suggests this. Use simple present for
general truths. "descended" does
not make (it implies a literal climbing
down -- Illogical) sense either. "its
trunk originally evolving …" suggests
that this is HOW the elephant IS
descended.
Use of past perfect 'had Use of present perfect 'has
descended' is incorrect. There is descended' suggests a literal
only one past event here. "had climbing down.
descended" suggests a literal
climbing down. "with its trunk
originally evolving" does not
make sense as it does not
describe HOW the elephant is
descended.

"twelve tone system" is also CORRECT ANSWER. Correctly Incorrectly compares 'twelve-tone
compared to "Bartok". "which" must compares 'Schoenberg' & system' and 'Bartók'.
be separated by commas. 'Bartók'.
"red wine" incorrectly refers to
"alcohol consumption" -- Illogical.
the basic structure is - "in a 1991
report, moderate alcohol
consumption caused sales of
wines to begin to grow again" --
clearly nonsense.
"red wine" incorrectly refers to
"alcohol consumption". Illogical.
Also, this option reads "a 1991
report with moderate alcohol
consumption" -- nonsense.

"according to a previous design, the CORRECT ANSWER. This is a sentence fragment. There
weight was concentrated …" -- is no active verb.
"according to" does not make much
sense here. This implies that
"previous design" states an opinion.

CORRECT ANSWER. "already stimulating" refers to "this" cannot refer to an entire

the subject "tiny islets". Does clause. Moreover, demonstrative
not make sense. "large sea adjectives such as "this" cannot
areas under provisions of the be used independently. They
new maritime code" -- seems to must modify a noun. Option D is
modify "large sea areas". Not the basically nonsense. The basic
intended meaning. structure is -- because + fact, this
fact has stimulated disputes.
"period + have been established" is Singular 'period' needs singular CORRECT ANSWER. Singular 'has' is
incorrect. "what is much more 'has' not plural 'have'. The used correctly. Singular 'is' is used
difficult to determine" is singular. pronoun "that" does not have a correctly.
referent.

this is a run-on sentence (two
complete clauses connected by only
a comma). "except in" refers to the
clause on its left -- "Mauritius was a
British Colony for 200 years".
However, it should have referred to
the clause on its right.
CORRECT ANSWER. the partcipial modifier "excepting
for …" should refer to
someone/something that did the
"excepting". Here, "English
language" did not do the
"excepting". (for example -- folding
his hands in devotion, the
Sannyasin prayed. Here, the
Sannyasin folded his hands in
devotion. Similarly, this sentence
implies that the English language
excepted for the domains of
administration and teaching).

rock samples' is plural and requires Dated to be' is unidiomatic. "being" is redundant here. "dated
plural verbs 'have'. The second as" is unidiomatic. "and thus" is
clause after "and" does not have a not followed by a verb.
verb.
CORRECT ANSWER. Singular 'it' cannot refer to plural
'profits'. We need the past
perfect "had expected" to
suggest that this happened
before the profits declined.
We need the past perfect "had
expected" to suggest that this
happened before the profits
declined.

Incorrectly compares 'Rousseau' to
'rebellion'.
this sentence suggests that
Tolstoi played the role of/acted
as Rousseau. Not the intended
meaning.
"As did Rousseau" - did what? Not
clear. We cannot say "rousseau did
rebel" because for the ellipsis to
apply, there is no verb "rebel" in
the main clause. The verb "was
against" does not make sense with
"did". (did + was against -->
incorrect).

"which" illogically refers to "dollar". "because it was weakened" and CORRECT ANSWER. Parallelism is
"continuing its slide …" illogically "by growing fears" are not maintained. Modifiers are correctly
refers to the subject of the previous parallel. "raise in inflation" is placed and structured.
clause "concern". incorrect.

"and so becoming" -- not parallel to CORRECT ANSWER. Clearly Not a sentence.

anything else. conveys the intended meaning.
The modifier 'After a career…
Madison' incorrectly modifies HT. It
should modify ER. Also, since we are
referring to a specific time in the
past ("in 1945") we need to use the
simple past, not the past perfect
"had appointed".
The modifier 'After a career… CORRECT ANSWER. The modifier is
Madison' incorrectly modifies correctly placed and structured.
HT. It should modify ER. Past
perfect "had appointed" is
incorrect. "she shattered
expectations with an audacity
never matched in the case of
AA" is unidiomatic.

Coming from both natural sources … "being" used as a modifier here This is a sentence fragment.
and from a host of human sources' is is redundant. "comes from both
not parallel. Also, "coming from both natural sources and from a host
natural sources …" does not make of human sources" is not
sense as a modifier to "methane has parallel.
long been counted among the
greeenhouse gases …"

"shown that" must be followed by a "shown that" must be followed "thus they have never seen anyone
clause. In this case it is "individuals + by a clause. If we ignore the gesture" cannot be parallel to a
one giant modifier". "who" modifier, the structure is noun phrase -- "individuals + who-
this -- "shown that when modifier".
speaking, individuals, that they
nevertheless make hand
gestures …". Not a clause. Also,
"that" should not be preceded
by commas.

"even that they remove them" is not "biologists are recommending "even their being removed …" --
parallel to anything else. Moreover, that trout stocking be cut back in not parallel to anything else.
the pronouns here refer to two some states" -- cut back by
different things. whom? Not clear.
"women with less than a high
school education had 3 times the
likelihood of beginning smoking as
women who went to college". This
sentence implies that such women
when functioning as women who
went to college have 3 times the
likelihood of beginning smoking --
Nonsense.
"more likely as" is unidiomatic. "more likely as" is unidiomatic.
"they would begin smoking as
women who went to college." --
this implies that they would start
smoking in the role of women who
went to college.

the option reads - "the discovery of
glass + modifier". Not the intended
meaning. "that is capable of
expansion" is not parallel to "shaped
by human breath".
"being capable of expansion and
that it can be …" -- are not
parallel. the option reads - "the
discovery of glass + modifier".
Not the intended meaning.
Much less concise than option E. In
addition, "glass is able to be
shaped" is extremely awkward
compared to "glass can be
shaped". This option implies glass
HAS THE ABILITY to be shaped.
This is not something that glass
CAN do.

this sentence has a nonsense
meaning. It implies that "processing
immigrants" happened before
"opened".
note that -ing modifiers take on CORRECT ANSWER. Modifier is
the same tense as the main correctly structured and placed.
clause (except for perfect
participles -- option B). This
means that "processing" and
"first opened" and "being
rebuilt" ALL happened in the
same timeframe. Illogical.
Moreover, the modifier "being
rebuilt" does not make sense
with the main clause "first
opened".
Use of present perfect 'have
consumed' is incorrect. This
implies that in societies where
people have consumed little salt at
some time in the past, blood
pressure does not rise with age.
(since the present tense is used
here, the result is valid for any time
in the future as well -- this does not
make much sense). Simple present
must be used for generalizations.
Also, "their blood pressure" =
"societies' blood pressure".
Nonsense.
CORRECT ANSWER. Clear and
concise. Simple past is used.
"they" is redundant. Removing it
makes the sentence more clear.
Moreover the actions "linked" and
"showed" must be in the same
tense. They are parallel effects that
happen at the same time. Here,
"have linked" happens AFTER
"studies showed". Does not make
a lot of sense.

"in up to 40 percent of elderly Parallelism is broken. Sentence fragment. Moreover,

people, they consume one or more 'Consumed' and 'having' are not distorts the meaning of the
essential nutrients insufficiently" -- parallel. sentence. It considers 40% of
does not make any sense. (suggests elderly people in affluent countries
that 40% of elderly people are in who consume less nutrients.
40% of elderly people [they]). Different from just 40% of elderly
people in affluent countries.

"their profits" is incorrect because CORRECT ANSWER. Uses singular "their profits" is incorrect because
"the computer company" is singular. 'it'. "the computer company" is
singular. The modifier "with much
of their profits going to pay higher
taxes" does NOT in any meaningful
way describe "it was profitable
only overseas".

"a commonly used and a more
expensive blood- thinning drug" --
suggests that there are two drugs.
Use of future tense 'will' is "aspirin works at the prevention of
incorrect. The verb here must be blood clots" is incorrect.
in the same time frame as
"prevents" to make sense. Using
"will" Implies that the
commonly-used drug does NOT
prevent blood clots now, but will
do so in the future.
CORRECT ANSWER. "over the last 30 Increase in what? Not clear. Use of past perfect 'had increased'
years + present perfect" implies an is incorrect. The pronoun "it"
action that started in the past and illogically refers to "the surface
has continued to the present. temperature of the globe". "the
previous thirty years" -- which
previous 30 years are we talking
about? Not clear.

"each" and "their" cannot be used "each" and "their" cannot be "all" cannot refer to singular "a
together. used together. different variety of tortoise".

CORRECT ANSWER. Correct usage of "like" is not used to suggest "opinion for fundamentally
'such as' to provide examples. examples. "also about relative important areas". "for" = "for the
merits of competition and sake of" does not make much
cooperation" should be sense. We do not use commas to
separated by "and". Otherwise, it separate two phrases connected
suggests that "also about …" by "and".
modifies/describes "attitudes
toward children".

Incorrect idiom - "So gradual so "gradual enough not to be "economic shifts are unable to be
that" distinguishable" is unidiomatic. distinguished" is awkward. This is
not something that economic
shifts CAN do. Hence, incorrect.

"like" cannot be used to state
examples. Also, "tar sands, heavy
oil, and perhaps even in shale" is
not parallel. "than are" cannot
substitute for "exists". "as much +
than" is unidiomatic.
"tar sands, heavy oil, and Correct Answer - Uses the idiom
perhaps even in shale" is not "as much as"
parallel. The verb "are" cannot
substitute for "exists" (we cannot
say "are exists").

"will exhibit" implies that they do
not exhibit such behavior now, but
will do so in the future. "so that" is
used to specify intent and hence
does not make sense here.
"will exhibit" implies that they Correct Answer.
do not exhibit such behavior
now, but will do so in the future.
"so that" is used to specify intent
and hence does not make sense
here.
The underlined portion needs to
compare an entity that is similar to
"H.Ross Perot's independent run".
Incorrect. "each of whom ran as
independent candidates" also does
not make sense.
The underlined portion needs
to compare an entity that is
similar to "H.Ross Perot's
independent run". Incorrect.
Moreover, "which" cannot be
used to refer to people. "both of
which ran as an
independent candidate" is also
incorrect.
The underlined portion needs to
compare an entity that is similar
to "H.Ross Perot's independent
run". Incorrect. Also, this -- "the
independent candidates, George
Wallace in 1968 and John
Anderson in 1980" implies that
GW and JA are descriptions of
independent candidates. Not
logical. "independent candidates"
should modify/serve as
descriptions to GW and JA.

Correct answer. "a rise" is singular. "a rise" is singular.

the pronoun "that" does not have an "double as much as the increase
antecedent. …" is a noun modifier and thus
refers to 1990. Incorrect. (simple
check -- "no. of people rose
double" does not make sense.
Not an adverbial modifier, but a
noun modifier).
"twice as many as the increase ..."
is a noun modifier and thus refers
to 1990. Morevoer, "increase" is
not countable. Hence, "many"
does not make sense. (simple
check -- "no. of people rose twice"
does not make sense. Not an
adverbial modifier).
CORRECT ANSWER. Note that "using "by using websites, public
websites …" serves as a noun meetings, and mass mailings"
modifier to "grassroots campaing". It describes HOW the campaign
is separated by dashes because "that was organized (= plan or
has convinced" is ALSO a noun arrange for something). Does
modifier to "grassroots campaign". not make sense. "has organized
a successful campaign in
convincing the Department of
Agriculture". "in convincing"
suggests that "organizing" was a
part of the actual "convincing".
Not logical.
"by the use of websites, public
meetings, and mass mailings"
describes HOW the campaign
was organized (= plan or arrange
for something). Does not make
sense. Moreover, active voice + by
+ action noun is incorrect. For
example - I started the car by the
use of keys (wrong)/ I started the
car by using keys (correct). "that
convinced" suggests that
"convincing" happened before
"has organized". Illogical.

"by its keeping interest rates low" -- Correct answer - perfectly "through their keeping interest
the pronoun "its" is unnecessary as parallel. rates low" -- the pronoun "their" is
the "by keeping" refers to the unnecessary as "through keeping
subject "the Federal Reserve". "by interest rates low" already refers to
their pushing them lower" -- "their" the subject "the Federal Reserve".
is unnecessary. Moreover, "their" "or perhaps even push them
and "them" refer to 2 different lower" -- not parallel. "them" and
things. "their" refer to two different
things. "Websites, public meetings,
as well as mass mailings" -- note
that "websites" and "public
meetings" must be connected by
"and". Here the construction is
simply two items connected by a
comma. Incorrect. (Note:- "as well
as" is a modifier and not a
substitute for "and".)
"includes" does not agree with
"several posts". "includes" suggests "several posts within the
that "assistant majority whip" and Democratic party".
"vice-chair" are within/part of
those posts. Not logical. Finally,
"which" CANNOT jump over "during
his time" (not an essential modifier
to Democratic Party but an adverbial
modifier to "was appointed") to
refer to "several posts".
the usage of "being" is redundant as
removing it does not impact the
meaning. "all of which + its" --
pronoun error.
Correct answer. This refers to "some of which" cannot jump over
the preposition "during his first
term" to refer to "several posts"
because it is not an essential
modifier to "Democratic party".
Rather it modifies the verb "was
appointed".
this reads "some colonies that the usage of "being" is redundant
formed as commercial ventures". as removing it does not impact the
Implies that the colonies meaning. "all
THEMSELVES formed as had a written charter" -- not logical
commercial ventures. Note the as it suggests that all of them had
wording used in option A one charter. "the 13 colonies, with
--"some [that were] formed as some formed as a commercial
commercial ventures". "all + its" venture, all had a written charter"
-- pronoun error. -- note that "with" functions as an
adverbial modifier that seems to
describe "had a written charter".
Does not make sense. Removing
"with" makes it a noun modifier
(as it should be) that describes
"the 13 colonies".
Correct answer.
"simple thesis of consumers +
modifier" -- unacceptable distortion
in meaning. Note that this kind of
thing is OK when we use "with".
"with such a group collectively "borrowers that they do not pay
known as subprime lending back their loans on time" is
market" is an adverbial that incorrect. "they" here is redundant
describes HOW the company and distorts the meaning of the
"would lend money to borrowers sentence.
with patchy records". We need a
modifier that refers to
"borrowers with proven records
of not paying back on time".
"such a group" = "of a similar
kind/like the type specified
before" does not make sense.
We want to refer to the exact
same group of borrowers, not
ones of a similar type.
"where" should be used to refer "with a thesis that is a simple
to physical locations. Incorrect. one" is wordy. A simple fix would
This -- "consumers having the be "with a simple thesis".
power to change companies by Moreover, the modifier "with a
the simple simple thesis" does not make
expedient of refusing to buy" is sense as it describes HOW the
not a thesis. It is "consumers + Council "began publishing
modifier". Not a thesis. Shopping for a Better World". "a
simple thesis" should rather refer
to the noun "Shopping for a Better
World". We need a noun modifier,
not an adverbial modifier like
"with".
"reduced the amount of time
needed by workers when workers
are producing a ton of steel" -- time
needed for what? Not clear. "are
producing" does not make sense as
we are referring to a specific point in
the past 1982-88.
"them" doesn't have antecedent.
Parallelism dictates this - "the
comparative smoothness then can
therefore use it". Nonsense.
"in + verbing" describes Correct answer - Crisp and concise.
something happened during/in
the process of verbing. "workers
need time" was not something
that happened/was not a part of
production of steel. Moreover,
"from 11 hours in 1982 to 6
hours in 1988" specifies a certain
time in the past 1982-1988. Only
simple past makes sense.
CORRECT ANSWER The phrase "in comparison" is
redundant with "Whereas".
Parallelism dictates this -- "yellow
jacket's stinger is able to be pulled
out". Incorrect as this is NOT
something that stingers CAN do.
E SOLUTION DIFFICULTY TYPE 1
Sentence reduces to Elizabeth D Tenses
Candy Stanton … she
scandalized. This is an incorrect
construction

Pronoun "it" correctly E Pronouns

references the company.
"Which" correctly modifies
book market.

'Ratio of 42 times' is redundant. C Comparison

The word 'earning' makes the
sentence a fragment. This
sentence also nonsensically
implies that the recent review
indicates CEOs. 42 times of
what? Not clear.
The verb 'includes' should be A SVA
'include' as '32 species of
dolphin' is plural. "and it is" -
the "it" breaks the parallelism.

The antecedent of 'which' is not B Comparison

clear. Gramatically it modifies
'presidential campaign of 1992'.
This is incorrect. The pronoun
'it' does not have a clear
antecedent. The present
perfect tense 'has been' is
incorrect. Simple past should
be used as we are referring to a
specific time - in any previous
election.

caused not by but are by' is not C Parallelism

parallel.
The pronoun 'them' incorrectly C Pronouns
refers to 'the army'. Note that
"and" requires parallelism. "to
complete them …" is not
parallel to anything.
"either + as well as" - incorrect. B Idioms

To Drop' and 'Their dropping' D Modifiers

are not parallel. The
demonstrative pronoun "this"
cannot refer to an entire clause.

Dropping "that" after B Modifiers

"estimated" changes the
meaning of the sentence. The
study did NOT estimate 4
million to 6 million votes but the
IDEA THAT 4 million to 6 million
votes were not counted.
Incorrectly compares 'a great D Comparison
deal more' with 'now'. The verb
'do' is missing.

Rate of people' is a wrong B Comparison

phrase. People have no rate.
Expectations of' is wrong. 'that B Comparison
of 1.4 percent growth is wrong'.
Usage of "that it more than
doubled …" is incorrect. Note
than an appositive phrase must
be parallel to the phrase/clause
it modifies. You need
"expectations that ...".
"they" refers to "many B Idioms
skeletons". Also, "skeletons"
cannot presume anything.
"and" breaks the relationship
that "so that" implies.

the establishing', 'the closing' Parallelism

and 'requiring' are not parallel.
"that are caught" seems to
imply that we establish size for
sharks after they are caught -
clearly illogical. We need to say
"that can be caught".

D
"and it consists almost entirely B Miscellaneous
…" - the "it" breaks the
parallelism with "highly
cooperative" and "organized".

Usage of 'so that' is incorrect. B Parallelism

'so cold' and 'reflects' are not
parallel. Moreover reflects
what?
"as much X as Y" -X and Y must D Idioms
be perfectly parallel. X =
because …; Y = that … - not
parallel. "sales of a year +
earlier" does not make it clear
to which year's sales we are
referring.

CORRECT ANSWER. Parallelism E Parallelism

is maintained. Note also that
GMAT prefers the action noun
form - "a rise" to "the rising".
Note also that "melting" does
not have such an action noun
form.

This is a sentence fragment as C Modifiers

the sentence does not have a
main clause, only a subordinate
clause - "after …"

Barbara Clintock was not "with" D Comparison

many of her colleagues. "being"
is used here as a modifier. This
sentence then essentially
means "were of the conviction
of genes + Modifier" - this
sentence is clearly nonsense.
"with more than half the C Parallelism
residents …" serves as a
modifier to "that many
residents work for 24 hours
straight". However, this usage is
incorrect as the action in the
modifier does NOT have any
bearing on the action in the
main clause - i.e. how they
worked 24 hours straight. Note
also that we need an "and" to
connect "that all twelve ..." and
"that many residents work ..."
"Of twelve hospitals" - 12
hospitals of what? which? not
clear. Option D makes it clear
that "of 12 hospitals that were
investigated.

Compares shoppers to D Comparison

department stores. The
pronoun 'he or she' should be
used to refer to 'some one'
instead of 'they'. "shoppers in
… shop very little" is blatantly
redundant. Also, this option
does not make clear who
"someone" is. In option D,
"someone" clearly refers to a
person who is in for a
basketball.
"compared with …" refers to A Parallelism
"seven passengers". Also, if we
remove the intervening non-
essential modifiers the sentence
reads - "minivans the cost is
lower"- incorrect. "minivans +
they" is redundant.

"as well as" seems to modify B Parallelism

"creative energy", not "the
creating of …". Also, note that
the GMAT prefers the action
noun "creation" to the gerund
form "creating".

The participial modifer 'having; A Modifiers

modifies the entire preceeding
clause 'who dwelt ..... floor'.
This does not make sense as
"having the power …" has no
bearing on where he dwelt.

at which’-‘at price’ won’t make C Comparison

sense.
CORRECT‘maker charges
ANSWER. Theat price’ E Modifiers
modifier is correctly structured
and placed. Also note the
idiomatic structure.
The modifier "though subject C Modifiers
….. Century' incorrectly modifies
'amazing ability of the coyote'.
"expand the range" - usage of
"the" is incorrect. Not clear
what range we are referring to.

CORRECT ANSWER. Verbs used E SVA

are plural.

Cultivating', 'harvest' and 'they B Parallelism

exploited' are not parallel. We
use "such + as" to introduce
examples, not "such + like".
Usage of "their" is redundant.
CORRECT ANSWER. The idiom E Idioms
'so.. That ..' is used correctly.
There are no modifier issues.

Usage of 'due to' is wrong. This D Pronouns

option states that the mystical
level is due to an ichana.

CORRECT ANSWER. 'More… E Idioms

than' used correctly. 'Any other
month' used correctly.
Modifier issue- ‘which’ modifies B Modifiers
‘prescription drugs’. 'Because of'
(a phrase) AND 'because'
(followed by a clause) are not
parallel. "have also written"
begs the question - what else
did the doctors do? Hence, the
usage of "also" is incorrect.

This is a run on sentence - two D SVA

independent clauses are
connected by comma. The
clause ‘also occasionally are
dealing’ does not have a
subject.

"its proponents" seems to refer A Modifiers

to "proponents of skimming".
Also, note that the two "it" s
refer to two different things.
The second "it" refers to "that a
proposed new style of aircraft".
policy makers' needs plural ‘are’ A SVA
and not singular ‘is’.

As' is incorrectly used. A Modifiers

Concerns did not lead between A Miscellaneous

1876 and 1904. This distorts the
meaning of the sentence. This
does not indicate when the
construction happened. Only
when "leading" happened. "for
serving" is inferior to "to
serve".
this sentence reads - C Idioms
"distinctions of our intelligence"
- this changes the meaning.
"lay" is the wrong verb here.
"lay" means to place. The
original sentence says that "any
specific skill" is less of a cause
than "in our ability to extend
knowledge". This option says it
does not lie "in any specific
skill".

CORRECT ANSWER. E Parallelism

'recongnizing' and
'sponteneously grasping' are
parallel. Just 'consider' is used
which is idiomatically correct.

Permissive parents are A Comparison

compared to children
incorrectly. Usage of "the" in
"the more likely" is incorrect.
"to have self-confidence, a high
self-esteem, and to be
responsibly independent" are
not parallel. "children" does not
agree with "adolescent".
 'Like' is used incorrectly to E Comparison
give examples. "the
commodities of aluminium" Is
incorrect. "aluminium" is a
commodity.

CORRECT ANSWER. Particpial E Modifiers

modifier extending correctly
modifies the preceeding clause.

The usage of "while" is not C Miscellaneous

correct here. "while it did not
necessarily foreshadow…" does
not have a bearing/contrast on
the main clause "the increase
resulted from temporary
factors".

Singular 'this' cannot refer to A Miscellaneous

plural 'rules'. Also, note that
"this" must serve as an
adjective and cannot be used
on its own. We need a "that"
after "ensure". "at least" seems
to modify "to be assigned" (that
is one nurse should have more
responsibilities than just
handling patients).
Incorrect comparison. Grassy B Modifiers
fields and Old pastures are
compared to 'sandpipers'
vanishing'. This is a sentence
fragment as it has no active
verb. "development" and
"changing" are not parallel. "like
X, Y …" should not have an
intervening modifer; in this case
- "in the northeastern united
states".

"so that" specifies intent. This D Miscellaneous

suggests that "raises water bills"
is done with a purpose.

CORRECT ANSWER. Subject and E SVA

Verb are in agreement. Use of
simple past 'arose' is correct.
CORRECT ANSWER. Note that E Parallelism
there is no comma before "only
if". "trim + will pare" are
compatible. (if X happens, Y will
happen)

Which' incorrectly modifies D Pronouns

'exhibit'. It should modify
'touch'. Also note that "which"
must be preceded by commas.

'As weak as' construction is not A SVA

maintained. This is a sentence
fragment as it does not have an
active verb.

CORRECT ANSWER. It is concise E Pronouns

and conveys the meaning
clearly.
This is a sentence fragment as B Miscellaneous
the sentence does not have an
active verb.

"both X and Y" - X and Y must D Miscellaneous

be perfectly parallel.
"which" refers to atmosphere. C Pronouns
"to form as clouds". The use of
"as" is not required.

the usage of "which" is C SVA

incorrect.

"having" is problematic, B Modifiers

because mexico doesn't "have"
that share of people anymore.
(the people are gone from
mexico--they live in the US
now).
"movements" do not have C Idioms
agency. They cannot
synchronize to something by
themselves. Hence, we cannot
use the active voice. We need
passive voice to indicate that
somebody/something else did
the synchronizing.

If the modifiers are removed the D Modifiers

sentence reduces to 'While
studying….corn, BM, leading
to ..'. This is a sentence
fragment as there is no active
verb.

Threat from' is incorrect. "threat D Idioms

from X" = X threatens. "Threat
of' is preferred. "threat of X" = X
is the threat. 'Sales for' is
incorrect. 'Sales of' is preferred.
"these" is incorrect as
demonstrative pronouns must
have a noun to modify. They
cannot be used independently.

"which" refers to bone cells. A Comparison

"Unlike X, Y" - Y should not have
an intervening modifier. "in
birds" is an intervening modifier
to "the tubes" -this is incorrect.
CORRECT ANSWER. The list after E Miscellaneous
'-' has novels. Parallelism is
maintained.

is sitting' and 'It provides' are D Modifiers

not parallel.

"while" is used to indicate D Parallelism

contrast. There is none in the
sentence. "in the last year"
refers to a specific time in the
past. Use of present perfect -
"has plummeted" - is incorrect.

Removing "because" removes A Parallelism

the causality and changes the
meaning of the sentence. This
sentence does not tells us WHY
she was discharged. Usage of
"having been …" changes the
sequence of events. It implies
that "injured" and "discharged"
happened before she joined the
army.
CORRECT ANSWER. Specifies Miscellaneous
the two companies clearly.

E
"whenever" is a subordinate A SVA
clause. We do not use a comma
to separate a subordinate clause
that is placed at the end of a
sentence. Also, the main clause
reads "the corporation, commits
a crime" - the usage of comma
before "commits" makes this
sentence incorrect. "whenever"
and "if" are not parallel. Also,
the meaning of this sentence is
nonsense - "the corporation
commits a crime whenever the
employee acted within the
scope of his or her authority".

Incorrectly compares 'range' D Comparison

and 'male bear'.
"occurring + there" is B Comparison
redundant. 'Such …. Like' is
incorrect. "not in just such
calamitous bursts …" seems to
imply that coastal erosion does
not occur in "calamitous bursts"
- not the intended meaning.

Changes the meaning. Implies C Parallelism

that the "asteroid" itself would
be damaged. "it could
experience …" is not parallel to
"is about half a mile wide".

both' and 'as well as' together B Idioms

are redundant. "current
downturn" requires the use of
present perfect - "has reduced".

Plural 'dollars' cannot be used in A Miscellaneous

conjunction with singular 'it'.
"nuclear power" (all of it) is C Miscellaneous
illogically compared to "nuclear
power in Germany" - not the
intended comparison. The last
clause reads - "nuclear power in
Germany Is just over 33%" - 33%
of what?

"ability for" is unidiomatic. 'For B Parallelism

distinguishing' and 'to make' are
not parallel. "resulting in …"
refers to "the conversational
pace …" whereas it should have
logically referred to "some
children".

"are supported by .." implies A Miscellaneous

something that is still true -
Illogical since the "Mojave
lived". (something in the past).
"with roofs …" serves as an
adverbial modifier and should
describe HOW they lived in
"open-sided dwellings". Does
not make sense as what follows
"with" MUST describe "open-
sided dwellings".

"because of + Verb-ing" is A Idioms

considered unidiomatic.
"appear" does not agree with D Pronouns
the singular noun "second most
massive dinosaur".

Causality of 'overcome from D Tenses

poullution' and 'routinely fell' is
not expressed. (Suggests two
categories of birds that
prompted the officials' respones
- 1. overcome by pollution 2.
routinely falling from sky). Use
of past continous 'were
prompting' is not preferred. The
sentence basically reads "birds
were prompting officials …"

"in Japan" should have modified C Pronouns

"government committee".

A work …' incorrectly modifies B Parallelism

'illiad'. It should modify 'his
translatin of illiiad'. Usage of 'it'
introduces redundancy. "took 7
years to complete" - for whom?
Not clear.
but THAT' is not parallel to D Idioms
anything.

not only to investigate' and 'but A Idioms

also whether' are not parallel.

Critiquing' and "his envisioning A Parallelism

of' are not parallel. "critiquing"
refers to "Humphry Davy"
whereas "his envisioning" refers
to "Essay on Heat and Light".

"condition of" is incorrect A Miscellaneous

here. "condition of not naming
them …" seems to imply that
"not naming them …" has a
condition. However, the phrase
following "condition" IS the
condition.
"which" should refer to "bricks". D Parallelism
It refers to "mud or clay". "mud
or clay" is singular - hence,
"which were" is incorrect. Note
also the tenses used - "method
has been that" What follows the
"that" is "were formed, were
laid" - both these seem to imply
that this procedure for brick-
laying is no longer true.

"so" is not required when C Comparison

making comparisons with only
"as". Moreover, C has better
parallelism than E does.

CORRECT ANSWER. It is concise E Idioms

and conveys the meaning
clearly.

Incorrectly compares human C Comparison

runners to faster times(those) of
horses in classic races. Use of
present perfect is required with
"since".
Concieved to be' is incorrect. It C Pronouns
is inferior to option C in
parallelism.

overlaid' and 'was banked' are A Parallelism

not parallel. 'That' has no
antecedent. This causes an
incorrect comparison.

CORRECT ANSWER. Correct E SVA

usage of singular 'is' to refer to
singular 'rate. Modifier is
correctly placed and structured.
Note that this option talks
about "surest indications on
Earth". Note that the verbless
clause - "as seen in …" must
refer to the subject of the
preceding clause - "the rate at
which trees grow".

CORRECT ANSWER. Correct E Idioms

usage of 'so that'. Modifiers are
correctly placed and structured.
"an understanding of" (A C Comparison
complex gerund) cannot be
parallel to "grasping the pivotal
…" (A simple gerund).

"would have + past participle" Is D Tenses

used to talk about unreal
situations in the past. We are
talking about possibilities in the
present.

CORRECT ANSWER. Correctly E Parallelism

uses "Indicates that". The two
actions use the simple form of
tense

The meaning is distorted. It B Comparison

means that
CORRECT the trucks same of
ANSWER. E Pronouns
"also establishing …" is a A Modifiers
comma + -ing modifier at the
end of a sentence. It should
refer to the entire preceding
clause. "establishing the
library…" has no bearing on
HOW "the act made provisions
for the capital to be removed"

CORRECT ANSWER. Sentence is E Modifiers

parallel without any modifier
issues

Correct Answer. The sentence is E Idioms

gramatically correct
"prohibit + infinitive" is not C SVA
idiomatic. Note that "to any
company" in option C is not an
infinitive. (to + Verb). "that
would" - "would" indicates that
"prohibit"happens in the future
of "required" - Not logical. Both
of them should be in effect at
the same time.

It' has no antecedent. B Pronouns

This is a sentence fragment B SVA

without an active verb. When
modifiers are removed, the
sentence reduces to "South
American bird that forages ……
trees, the gaveteiro
"fossils + was dated" is D SVA
incorrect. "which" is used as a
non-essential modifier and must
be separated by commas. Also,
the sentence, if the non-
essential modifiers are
removed, does not make much
sense. "fossils of the sloth made
the sloth the earliest known
mammal ..." "made" is the
result of "have found", not
of"fossils". "found in Puerto
Rico" seems to refer to "was
dated at ..." - illogical.

CORRECT ANSWER. Parallelism E Parallelism

is maintained. Subject verb
agreement is correct

the last part - "the scrub jay (it) D SVA

stored treat long enough to
have rotted" - implies the bird
itself rotted.
There will problably be 1.6 C Pronouns
billion people where? There is a
meaning issue here

Earlier works on slavery is D Comparison

compared to Blassingame. This
is incorrect. "THE earlier works
on slavery" - implies we are
referring to some specific works.
Those are not mentioned.
Incorrect.

CORRECT ANSWER. Parallelism E Parallelism

is maintained.
"they decide …" - the "they" is D Parallelism
redundant. "deciding on a
strategy" is not part of "their
use of objective criteria" BUT
the other way round. Hence, "in
their use …" as a modifier is
incorrect.

CORRECT ANSWER. The correct E Comparison

comparison is made

CORRECT ANSWER. "was E Parallelism

crystallizing" and "was growing"
are parallel
"which" refers to "year". Usage D Parallelism
of "would" is incorrect as we are
talking about the future, not
future in the past. Use "will".
Usage of continuous tense "be
providing" is incorrect.

Reduction', 'their use' and C Parallelism

'finding' are not parallel. Also,
"their" is redundant as
removing it does not change the
meaning of the sentence.

CORRECT ANSWER. The present E Tenses

perfect tense is used. The
sentence is concise
"to be making" is not required. A SVA
The simple form "to make" will
suffice. "not one" is singular. the
agreement is not signed by all
of the potential investors. (the
agreement is only signed by the
bank itself and whichever
investor actually goes through
with the contract.). Hence,
"they" is incorrect.

CORRECT ANSWER. Uses 'and E Modifiers

were' correctly. 'Either from the
spotted … or from Gandharan …'
is parallel.

The meaning of this sentence is C Miscellaneous

ambigous. It could also mean
that plants more efficiently
acquire carbon than they
acquire fungi. 'In the form of
carbon dioxide' modifies fungi.
"acquire carbon" is not parallel
to "converting it …"

date of humans' is incorrect C Miscellaneous

CORRECT ANSWER. Correct E SVA
usage of 'at speeds' and correct
usage of verb 'are'

CORRECT ANSWER . But joins E Modifiers

two clauses. 'They' forms the
subject of the dependant clause

The pronoun 'it' has no D Tenses

antecendents. "evidence of
humans …." - not the intended
meaning.

Ever since' and 'from when' are A Modifiers

redundant together. "from
when" refers to "form or
function" - incorrect.
Option E has a absurd meaning D Idioms
if we remove the intervening
non-essential modifier. "… is the
world's smallest digital
camcorder weighing less than
11 ounces" - Implies that there
are other camcorders that
weigh less than 11 ounces. E is
also horribly redundant. "that"
stands for "length". So, the
option reads - "the length of
which is length of a handheld
computer".

"have been sent plunging" - A Tenses

sent plunging by what? Not
clear. Usage of "due to" is
incorrect. It suggests that the
manufacturer was due to
oversupply. Also does not
answer this question -
"oversupply of what?"

CORRECT ANSWER. E Modifiers

Has' should be used instead of C SVA
'have' since proposal is singular.
"both on diesel fuel and diesel
engines" - Not parallel
construction. "and" gives a list
of two or more items with NO
RELATIONSHIP to each other.
"and it says the move will
exacerbate ..." - We have no
idea WHY the industry says this.

"each one of which" Is singular. A Miscellaneous

Hence, we need the verb
"dates".
The sentence basically reads - B Pronouns
"both allowed others of the
Roosevelt brain trust + Modifier
(taking credit …)". Clearly the
meaning is nonsense.

"cooking time" is compared to E Comparison

"escarole"

CORRECT ANSWER. The E Miscellaneous

participial modifier 'falling …'
correctly modifies the entire
preceeding clause. 'In paying' is
the right and concise
construction.

CORRECT ANSWER. Changes E Parallelism

and remains are parallel. This is
more concise than Option D
"being" is redundant here. C SVA
Removing it does not change
anything. The pronoun "they"
has no antecedent.

"during" can refer either to B Modifiers

"1993" or to "1973 to 1993".
Hence, ambiguous. Using "era"
makes the meaning more clear.

the modifier "with a 5% C Tenses

increase during the first 3
months …" seems to refer to
"profits" (profits had a 5%
increase). Implies - Profits are
with a 5% increase. Illogical.
"having fallen" already implies
something that has happened.
so, "after + having fallen" is
redundant.

"students are at record high" - D SVA

Illogical.
CORRECT ANSWER. Simple E Modifiers
tenses are used. The modifier is
contructed and placed properly.

Comma + -ing modifiers must B Parallelism

be contemparaneous with the
timeframe of the main clause.
Hence, "Comma + then + -ing"
forms will always be incorrect.
Also, this option seems to
suggest that "6 B cu.ft/day"
allows "6 B cu.ft/day" for at
least 50 years. Illogical

Between X and Y' is the right A Pronouns

idiom not 'between X or Y'. The
pronoun 'it' should be used
instead of 'them' to refer to
'language'. The modifier "with
those who have tried … finding
about 5000" does not make any
sense/have any bearing on with
"because of the difficulty of
distinguishing betweeen a
language and sublangues within
it". We need "but" to indicate
contrast.
the present tense (used for A Miscellaneous
general truths) is incorrect.
"extremes of temeperatures …
are those to impact most…"
implies that such extreme
effects already impacted people
when climatologists made the
statement. We need something
that indicates future. "would"
indicates future-in-the-past.

This is a sentence fragment. D Pronouns

There is no active verb.

The pronoun "Them" doesn't C Pronouns

have antecedent.
"because 'Have is
of + Verb-ing" D Idioms
considered unidiomatic.
"consider all their fellows to be
a close relative" - Absurd. It
implies that they consider all
other ants to be one relative.
Theory of a black hole that lies' A Parallelism
is incorrect

Fire' did not date back. This B Comparison

distorts the meaning of the
sentence. Incorrect usage of
'like' to provide examples. 'Such
as' should be used.

Correct Answer. E Comparison

Continous form 'protecting' is C Idioms

not preferred to
'protect/protection'.
'limitations' do not have an
intent. "authority for borrowing
money" suggests that there is a
special authority to do so. Not
the intended meaning.
"authority to borrow money"
talks about the power to borrow
money.
CORRECT ANSWER. The E Pronouns
participial modifier 'comsuming'
correctly modifies the entire
preceeding clause. The use of
'insects' removes any pronoun
ambiguity.

"to make" implies intent. It D Parallelism

suggests that "burst of smoke
would appear" was done with
the intent to "make an already
terrified passenger think …" -
Absurd.

"those of" - here of implies C Idioms

possession. Standards do not
"belong" to diesel powered
vehicles. The usage of "they"
after "and" is not required and
hence redundant.

Directed', 'Used' and 'Study' are C Parallelism

not parallel
Used of pas perfect 'had A Tenses
emerged' is incorrect. There is
only one event here.

"ranging" and "recomposed" C Modifiers

are not parallel. "like other
musicians instruments" distorts
the meaning. The original
meaning was "like an
instrument (might belong to
anybody, including Billie".

CORRECT ANSWER. Subject and E SVA

Verb are in agreement.
Causality is expressed correctly.

CORRECT ANSWER. E Parallelism

 Pronoun problem: if you use B Parallelism
"they", you repeat the same
subject "the reasons for
yesterday's sharp rise in the
stock market".

the usage of "which" is C Modifiers

incorrect.

the modifier "that figure B Miscellaneous

growing to …" has no bearing on
the main clause. i.e. how
children spent only 2.5 hours
doing household chores in 1981

Plain "such that" is unidiomatic. C Miscellaneous

Use "such + adjective + that".
Distorts the meaning. It says
that the company announced
"having poor sales", not "closing
down its stores". "will be
closed" was announced in the
past. So, we need to use future-
in-the-past tense - "would be
closed".
"working outside home in C SVA
1975" refers to "young
children". Also, this sentence
does not make any sense -
"with about 1/3rd of mothers …
in 1975, almost 2/3rd of such
mothers were employed
outside the home in 2000". The
modifier has absolutely no
relationship to the main clause.

CORRECT ANSWER. Correct E Comparison

comparison done. Correctly
uses infinitive form 'to exceed'.

"preventing its acoustic energy E Modifiers

…" - this refers to the subject of
the preceding clause - "Sound".
Sound does not prevent its
acoustic energy from
dissipating.

"... blunders that several D Miscellaneous

attempts … have failed to
correct them" - Here "them" is
redundant as "that" already
refers to "…stagnation … and
managerial blunders".
Twice that' and 'compared' are D Comparison
redundant. The sentence uses
redundant construction -
"amount of pollutants emitted
annually is twice that emitted
annually compared to ...". Also,
this option compares "amount
of pollutants" to "motor
vehicles".

CORRECT ANSWER. E SVA

"and" introduces two things A Pronouns

that are not related. "scientists
are hoping they will be able to"
and "the NEAR spacecraft will
orbit asteroid Eros" are related
ideas. "hoping they will be able
to" - "hoping" must be followed
by a "that". "more precise
measurements" is ambiguous. It
can either modify "precise" or
"measurements".
CORRECT ANSWER. Active voice E Miscellaneous
and concise.

it' does not have an antecedent. D Parallelism

"acquiring" + "bought" is
redundant. "its" refers to US.
Note that "it" and "its" refer to
two different things in the same
clause. Incorrect.

Seems to suggest that "local C Modifiers

artists" set the cow statues on
the streets of Zurich. "were
decorated by local artists" - the
Swiss government's
involvement in the decoration is
not clear.
We do not use a comma to D Parallelism
connect two phrases - "robbing
them of their flavor" and
"making them decrease in size".
"decrease in size" is not parallel
to "less distinctive" and "less in
demand". The last two are
adjectives. The first seems to be
an action noun.

CORRECT ANSWER. E Pronouns

"placed with other locusts …, A Modifiers
single locusts become excited" -
"single" does not make sense
here. We are referring to locusts
in general. "then" implies
afterwards. However, the
original meaning suggests that
they become excited WHEN
they are placed with others. Not
the same thing. "placed with
others ..." is a noun modifier. It
must be directly placed next to
the noun it modifies. An
intervening modifier such as
"then" makes the sentence
incorrect.

CORRECT ANSWER. ';' is E Parallelism

correctly used. 'Unlikely to' used
correctly.
Demonstrative adjectives A Tenses
cannot be used independently.
They must be used with a
noun/noun phrase. "this" is
then incorrect. "and" here
connects a noun phrase to a
complete clause. Not parallel
and incorrect.

Sentence does not have a main B Miscellaneous

verb. Hence it is a sentence
fragment. "introduction of
enclosed fields, new farming
techniques and crops, and of
substitution" - Not parallel. Also,
this suggests "introduction of
substitution of commercial for
subsistence farming" - Not the
original meaning.
"those of remains of prehistoric C Modifiers
animals" - "those of" seems to
imply "bones of remains of
animals" - Illogical. "currently
known" is a past participle
modifier and refers to the
nearest noun "caves of Europe".
Illogical. "known as" is used to
refer to aliases or conceptions
of people. He is known as
Hercules/He was known as a
salesman but he was also a
physicist. "known as" does not
make sense.

CORRECT ANSWER. The E Parallelism

prepositional phrase (not a
participial modifier) "including
reminders …" refers to "series of
printed instructions + Modifier".
CORRECT ANSWER. Parallelism E Modifiers
is maintained. The modifier is
correctly placed and structured.

CORRECT ANSWER. E Idioms

CORRECT ANSWER. E Parallelism

of reproducing' and 'to produce' A Idioms
are not parallel. Incorrect use
of 'due to'. "insect species are
not due to their ability of
reproducing". "ability of
reproducing" is not idiomatic.
"offspring of large numbers"
seems to imply that large
numbers have offspring.
Unidiomatic. "several times
yearly" - "yearly" implies once a
year. "several times" cannot
then be "once a year".

The pronoun 'that' has no B Pronouns

antecedent. The pronoun 'they'
has no clear antecedent. Also,
we need a comma before "and"
as it joins two independent
clauses.

Each' is a singular,so has to be D Pronouns

followed by Singular verb 'its'
and not 'their'. Also, the usage
of plural verb "contribute" is
incorrect.
Broaden' and 'Showing' are not A Pronouns
parallel.

Singular 'construction' should D SVA

have singular 'enables'. The
dash functions as a high level
comma. The sentence then
reads - "layered construction
of a butterfly's wings, of the
same construction that makes
some shimmer …". Parallelism
(because of the appoitive
phrase) suggests this - "layered
construction of the same
construction that makes some
shimmer ...". Incorrect.

CORRECT ANSWER. Modifiers E Modifiers

are correctly placed and
structured. Parallelism is
maintained
The pronoun 'they' does not C Pronouns
have a clear antecedent.

Singular 'it' cannot refer to B Pronouns

'caribou'. The non-underlined
portion says "caribou are".
"getting close enough to kill it" -
implies that we are within
striking distance. "getting close
enough in order to kill it" - We
are getting close enough with
the intent of killing the deer.
Hence, changes the meaning.

CORRECT ANSWER. Parallelism E Parallelism

is maintained correctly

"are consistently receiving" C Idioms

suggests that this action -
"receiving support" - is
happening right now. "have
consistently received" implies
that this has been the case
previously and has an impact on
the present. We have no idea
what was the case in the past.
Not the same thing.
The sentence is essentially Parallelism
saying - "Researchers have
employed the same techniques
for genetically enhancing
plants ..." Again, the goal is to
genetically enhance plants. Note,
however, if the sentence were to
read (without "the") - "techniques
for genetically enhancing plants",
then we could have interpreted it
as "techniques used for
genetically enhancing plants". But
"the same techniques" =
"techniques that make them
disease resistant". Hence,
"researchers have employed
techniques that make plants
disease resistant for genetically
enhancing them". Not the
intended meaning. This goal has
already been achieved. We are
using the results of this to
increase amount of protein. Also,
"techniques for" sounds as
though we are using some kind of
techniques on genetically
enhanced plants

C
"existing worldwide" and "can Modifiers.
interfere" are connected by an
"and". Not parallel. ", and this
interaction can bring about
nausea …". The comma makes
this clause parallel to the main
clause "Researchers have
announced …". Illogical.

A
 Idioms

"determine that" is used for

definite things. Here, we have a
choice between two things. We
need to use "whether". C
Modiferis

"Shang" is plural. Hence, "its" is

incorrect. D
Comparison

"next" implies a sequence. No

such thing here. "that" has no
antecedent because
"individuals" is plural. D
Modifiers

"excited with" is unidiomatic

Also, note that there is a subtle
change in meaning. "excited
about the prospects of
harnessing …" has nothing to do
with this prediction. Conntrast
this with options A and C. C
 Parallelism

"would be protecting" and

"increase" are not parallel.
Usage of "would" indicates a
hypothetical. That is "obtaining
an investment grade rating" is
unlikely to happen. A
Parallelism

Correct. Correctly uses

parallelism, and not only…but
also …, is correctly used. E
 Parallelism

"responding" is not parallel to

"identify". C
 Parallelism

"and for even" is not parallel to

anything else. "and + in
addition" is redundant. D
Modifier

Not a sentence. "she" does not

refer to anything. D
SVA

"it had" is redundant as

removing it does not change the
meaning. "being based …".
"Being" is redundant here as
removing it does not affect the
meaning. C
Modifiers

Correct. E
Parallelism

Parallel E
SVA

"in his own time" refers to a

specific time in the past. Usage
of past perfect "have been" is
incorrect. B
 Parallelism

Usage of double negation "nor"

are "not" is inppropriate D
Modifier

"them" and "they" refer to two

different things. Not ideal. "it"
has no antecedent. D
 Modifier

Correct. Properply modifies

scientists and uses paralleism
corerctly E
Comparison

"both + as well as" is

unidiomatic. "large numbers
questioning …" seems to
suggest that we are referring to
a specific group of large
numbers, one that question
whether the computer screen is
an adequate replacement for
classrooms. "a year for faculty
members to begin questioning
whether ..." - seems to imply
that it was marked a special
year for them to begin
questioning about computer
screens. Illogical. It is something
like - "New year's day is a day
for people to begin
introspecting about the past
year ..." D
 Modifier

"scientists + they" is incorrect. B

Comparison

less parallel than A - "patterns

that girls experience" to "those
that boys experience" - Versus
"stress patterns of boys" in E.
Furthermore, option E is
ambiguous - "stress that girls
experience are more likely to
result in depression than [in]
stress patterns of boys" This can
also be the meaning implied.
Incorrect. A
Modifier

"not X but Y" requires perfect

parallelism between X and Y.
"was not produced byseed
companies who have been
motivated by profit" - implies
that "production" happened
before they were motivated by
profit. "who" should refer to
people. We need to use "that".
"whose" on the other hand is
much more flexible. C
 Comparions

Exceeds is incorrectly used since

"rates" is plural, "their rates of
entrepreneurship" is correct.
"rates of their
entrepreneurship" is
unidiomatic. C
Modifier

the bones are being modifeid

here, but actually it should be
Majungatholas. "a distant
relative" is not parallel to
"closely resembling". A
Modifier

"it" does not have a referent. D

"It" is wrong. Saffron Threads is

plural. D SVA
Comparison

"it" refers to "paper

production". Illogical. B
 Parallelism

"either X or Y" requires perfect

parallelism between X and Y.
This is violated here. D
Redundancy

Redundant usage of "that".

"holds that …rather than
human mind's … that it
comprises …" C
Parallelism

"by recording …" refers to "the

sound emissions". This is also a
run-on sentence. Two sentences
connected by a comma. "the
sound emissions were digitized
…" - by whom? Moreover, "to
be" is redundant as removing it
does not change the meaning of
the sentence. "but" requires
parallelism. "found the noise
not to be continuous but [found
the noise to be] consisted of
indiviudal bursts …". B
 Parallelism

"more water as" is unidiomatic.

"is harboring" is not an
appropriate tense to convey
general truths. Use simple
present. C
Modifier

"which" refers to "recent years". A

Modifier

"Jupiter's mass" cannot be

"solar system's largest planet."
"estimated to be 5 to 15 times
Jupiter's mass" - this suggests
that "gas spheres" are mass.
Incorrect. A
Comparison

Correct E
 Modifier

"as effective compared" is

unidiomatic. "and with …" is not
parallel to anything. D
Parallelism

"to represent" suggests that the

boat was constructed with a
goal in mind - "to represent a
major advance …". Not the
intended meaning. A
modifier

Correct Answer. E
SVA

"both + as well as" is

unidiomatic. C
 Parallelism

Convert the modifier into a

sentence and check if it makes
sense - "the number of chirps in
fact possibly serves as an
approximate thermometer" -
suggests we are not sure
whether it servers as an
approximate thermometer. Not
the intended meaning.
Moreover, when we say "in fact"
we are sure of what the facts
are. "possibly" then does not
make sense. D
Pronoun

"but" requires parallelism. "at

the same time introducing" is
not parallel to anything. "having
gone virtually unregulated …"
refers to "industrialization".
Industrialization was not
developed 50 years ago. It
should have referred to 100,000
dangerous chemical pollutants.
Also, this modifier "having
gone" does not make sense
because it indicates a prior
action between two things.
However, "have gone
unregulated since they were
developed" and "have released
[since they were developed]"
should both happen at the
same time. B
 Pronoun

Correct answer. E
Comparions

this option has a nonsense

meaning. It suggests "pig is used
in the US when referring …". C
Modifier

Correct Answer. Note the tenses

"are the most translated" and
"remain almost unknown". If we
say "have remained/remained"
it becomes incorrect. Usage of
such tenses implies that those
situations are no longer true.
Hence, no contrast will then be
implied. E
SVA

See what the parallel structure

implies - "there is [differences in
scenting ability] between
members of different breeds". C
 Parallelism

Correct answer. E

"like" is not used to give

examples. "while" indicates a
contrast. There is no contrast
between "can create serious
environmental problems" and
"may accelerate soil
deterioration". A

Correct answer. E
"prevalent enough for a squirrel
to be said …" is nonsense. A

the usage of past perfect "had

been preserved" is incorrect.
There is no sequence of events.
It was preserved in the Swedish
waters from 1628-161, a
specific time. We need to use
simple past then. "low salinity +
inhibiting …" - this suggests that
there are several types of low
salinity. the one that we are
referring to here inhibits the
growth of marine borers. A

"difference between" must be

followed two things - a plural.
For examples - differences
between the twins. However,
"how a sound is heard by two
ears" is singular noun clause.
Not 2 things/plural. Incorrect. A
Implies "national average was
likely to be self employed" -
absurd. "twice as likely as that
they would be" is unidiomatic. B

Correct Answer. E

"both X and Y" - X and Y must

be perfectly parallel. B

Sentence Fragment. C

"not only X but [also] Y"

requires perfect parallelism
between X and Y. "able to
transform" is not parallel to the
clause "they were also able
to .." C

"requiring months of
incubation" is compared to
"silvery minnow". Incorrect. B
"hormones" did not make them
endocrine cells; the secretion of
hormones did. D

Incorrect comparison between

'it' and 'ballooning'. D

Research does not indicate the

safety, but rather the idea that
the 2 drugs may not be safe. B

There are what'? Not clear. Not

parallel (than requires a parallel
structure) - 'where ...' is missing. B

so' is incorrect. 'so' is used to

denote effect in a cause -effect
relationship. C

Being' used as a modifier is

incorrect on the GMAT. 'Being
an educator ...' must modify
'Nannie Helen'. C
correct answer. Here Because of
+ verb-ing is correct, because
poaching does not have a noun
form, only gerund form. E

decline at' is incorrect. The 'with

…' modifier is incorrect. The
'with …' modifier is talking
about future, but the main
clause is about the present. C

Correct answer. E

as being' - incorrect usage. 'they

have estimated ..' creates a run
on sentence. 'the solar system's
largest planet' modifies Jupiter's
mass. Gas spheres are not
masses. Hence, 'gas spheres are
estimated as …' is incorrect. A

the cause' is not parallel to 'as

that'. If we remove intervening
modifiers the sentence reads -
the cause to be bred. Incorrect
Usage. A

Past perfect usage is incorrect.

'only' seems to modify 'of the
five nation league' instead of
'the Oneida'. C

Correct answer. E
and derving' is not parallel. C

mostly …' is an adverb and thus

cannot modify '80 massive
planets'. 'as large than' is
incorrect. C

Correct Answer E

expected for' is unidiomatic.

Seems to imply a duty. The
usage of 'which' is incorrect. B

Usage of dependent is wrong.

'dependent' means that
something depends on
something else for support.
'both + as well as' is
unidiomatic. C

Dangling participle. 'it + have' -

SVA error. The modifier does
'learning …' does not make any
sense modifying the main
clause. C

possibility + possible' is
redundant. Usage of 'like' is
incorrect. For giving examples
use 'such as'. C
E distorts the original meaning.
The original sentence never said
that the division will sell them
online (it is an imprint division)
themselves. Also, 'and'
introduces a list. We need a
connection between the two
ideas. A does that. (connects
publishing to selling). The 'it' is
redundant(and makes it parallel
to 'the largest ...'). 'and will' will
do perfectly fine. E

after the time that the bees

were released' is too wordy.
'after the release' is much more
concise. 'It' does not refer to
anything. 'and then + had
migrated' is clearly wrong. A

Correct answer. E

more' requires a 'than' for

comparison. 'it' does not refer
to anything. 'it + make' is
incorrect. B

Correct answer. E

that it was' is redundant. 'Ozone

had long appeared that Ozone
was…' is nonsensical. 'long
appeared' and 'was immune'
must be in the same timeframe. D
last year + has provided' is
incorrect. We are referring to a
specific time in the past. 'in full
view ...' as a modifier does not
make sense. It implies - The
disintegration produced those
insights in full view of ground-
and space-based telescopes. A
Correct Answer. Perfect
parallelism. Also, notice the -ing
forms. This means that the
Sports Medicine programs are
directly involved in these
actions. E

Correct answer. E

Correct answer. E

The prepositional phrase 'for

consumers and …' modifies the
verb 'predicts' and not 'reduce
costs'. This seems to imply that
the government is doing the
prediction for the sake of these
people/businesses. A

heat' seems to be parallel to

'electricity'. Hence, incorrect. D

each of which' is singular. Usage

of present continuous is
incorrect. We are talking about
general truths here. Better use
present tense. The modifier
'called the taste pore' modifies
'taste buds'. C

their feed allotment cut' is not

parallel to 'raising'. 'raising'
seems to modify 'suppliers,
whereas 'their feed allotment
cut' modifies 'fish'. D
the usage is in small quantities'
is absurd. It means that
frequency of consuming
medicinal spices is very low.
(like 2-3 times a year. - the
usage is a very small number) D

because of enhancing' is
incorrect. In general, because of
+ Verb-ing is incorrect on the
GMAT. D
a risk as little as' is unidiomatic.
Better write 'as little risk as'.
'risk for it to cause' is incorrect.
If we remove the modifiers, the
sentence reads - toxic
substances present a risk for
toxic substances to cause'. 'It'
cannot refer to toxic substances. B

Correct answer. E

Usage of 'would' is incorrect. To

denote the future use 'will'.
'they' (plural) cannot refer to
'level'. 'they were ..' is not
parallel to 'level'. B

varied as are' is unidiomatic.

The correct idiom is 'as +
adjective + as'. A

Correct Answer. E
Katherine Graham's becoming'
is just horribly awkward. Also,
the initial modifier does not
make much sense. 'moving into
first ranks …' has no bearing on
'the paper won high praise'.
Also, whenever we have an -ing
modifier the actions in the
modifier and the main clause
must be contemporaneous. The
watergate scandal happened
during the Nixon era, much
after 1963. A
Faulty comparison between 'car
models' and 'automobile
company'. 'decrease about' is
unidiomatic. Does not answer
the question
which' refers -to'decrease
marital $72
from what price?'
satisfaction. Hence, Does
the not
answer the question
underlined part becomes '0.4%-
percent satisfaction
'marital of what?' was more B
so …' - In this the 'so' does not
refer to anything. (in the original
sentence 'so' referred to
'reported higher marital
satisfaction'.) 'than' requires
parallelism. 'those retiring' is
not parallel to 'marital
satisfaction was more so'. A

Usage of past perfect is

incorrect. D

The usage of 'and' is incorrect.

'and' connects two independent
things(it introduces a list). Here
we need to have a connection
between the 2 ideas(the 2nd
idea must be subordinate to the
1st). C

drops carbon dioxide. Usage of

'having been' is incorrect.
Seems to imply that these other
gases are no longer implicated. A

and that' is not parallel to

anything. If we remove the
intervening modifer 'resembling
a hummingbird' we see that this
option is a sentence fragment.
There is no main verb. C
spending less time with each' as
a modifier to 'insurance plans
that impose stricter limits on
medical services' does not make
any sense. D

Correct answer. E
"more than twice as great …" D Modifiers
seems to refer to "60." Not the
intended meaning. The pronoun
"that" does not refer to
anything.

"that of their estimated A Modifiers

population" - the pronoun
"that" does not have any
antecedent. '"population's
estimated amount" is
redundant. We do not say
"population's amount is 200";
We say "population is 200".

We cannot use "were" as a A Comparison

substitute for "rose". "did" can
substitute ("did rise"). "lower"
cannot be used to compare two
actions. We cannot say "costs
rose lower".

The phrase "any more likely D Construction

that" is incorrect
correct answer. E

"while they are denouncing big A Parallelism

government …" - we need the
simple present to talk about
general truths. Also, this clause
needs a main clause. "and it
has become too powerful" - the
usage of "it" is redundant.
Moreover, "supporting at the
same time many specific
government programs …" does
not make sense as a modifier to
"they say that government is
doing too much …"
Correct answer. E Comparison

Wrong comparison pharmacy vs C Comparison

cornerstone of success

"suggests a portion of the area C Subject Verb

…" - Not the intended meaning. agreemenent
The radiocarbon dating did not
suggest the area itself.
Modifier incorrectly refers to C Clauses and
Youth Canorous. Moreover, the connectors
usage of "being" is redundant.
Removing it does not alter the
meaning of the sentence.

"notion of science being based B Tense

on experiment" is incorrect. This
refers to only that science that
is based on experiment.
Moreover, removing "being"
does not change the meaning.
Hence, it is redundant. This
modifier "al-Haytham was born
in Iraq in 965 C.E.,
experimenting extensively with
light and vision" is nonsense.
"experimenting with ..." does
not describe HOW he was born
in Iraq.
"that of his own" is redundant. B SV agreement
"that of" already suggests his
own music.

Correct answer. The implied E parallelism

structure after "and" is this -
"and [forests], as sources of
building material and firewood,
provide …"

"thus closer to the Sun than B Comparison

Neptune is for 20 years …"
modifies Pluto's orbit.
"differ in their being attached to D parallelism
a cartilage rod at the elbow …"
implies that parachute-like
membranes in both scaly-tailed
flying squirrels and squirrels in
the family Scuridiae are
attached to a cartilage rod at
the elbow (and NOT at the
wrist). This means that
differences are in HOW the
attachments are made at the
elbow. the "instead" also
implies that there are NO
diffrences in the attachments at
the elbow. "instead of the wrist"
can refer either to "cartilage
rod" or to "elbow". Ambiguous.

Correct answer. Maintains E Comparison

parallelism.
"from the mainland sometimes, B parallelism
or sometimes coming" - Not
parallel.

"and who was fundamental …" C Tense

is not parallel to anything else.
"this" a demonstrative adjective D Modifiers
and hence cannot be used
indepedenly. "scientists know
what they know" is redundant.

"now about 60 feet" refers to C Tenses

"their height" - Not the
intended meaning. "level of
the seas to be raised over their
height" - by how much? Not
clear. In addition, "level of the
seas to be raised over
their[seas'] height" - this does
not make any sense.
"consequent melting of polar
ice caps caused the sea levels to
be raised …" - the passive
infinitive "to be raised" suggests
that something else caused the
sea levels to rise. We know from
the context, however, that the
melting did this. Hence, the
active form "to rise" is
preferred.
Correct Answer. E Tenses

Correct parallelism E parallelism

"when compared …" suggests B Pronouns

that "running 3 days a week
saves an average of 14.1%..."
ONLY WHEN they are compared
with "nonrunners". Moreover,
"nonrunners" is compared with
"running 3 days a week".
"running 3 days a week saves an
average of 14.1% on
healthcare ..." - for whom? Not
clear.
Correct answer. E comparison

Correct answer. E Comparison

"people show in their behavior D Parallelism

and attitudes" and "there are
to be calcium deposits in the
arteries of their hearts" -- not
perfectly parallel. "be + to
infinitive" is used to talk about
plans and arrangements that
take place in the future of the
main action. for example - "the
prime minister is to visit India
tomorrow"; "Sarah is to start
her new job on the first of
December." "there are to be
calcium deposits" suggests that
this thing is expected to happen
in the future. Removing "to be"
corrects this and makes the
meaning more clear.
"whether or not" is incorrect. A parallelism
Note that we cannot use the
future tense "will" when
"whether" is used to state
conditions. Use simple present
instead. In addition, The
pronoun "it" does not have a
referent. "It affects/impacts
the US whether Taiwan
develops closer relationships
or preserves the status quo". -
this suggests something
impacts the US no matter what
Taiwan does (whether Taiwan
does X or Y). Contrast this with
- "It is unclear whether she will
attend the party". Here, "it"
refers to "whether she will
attend the party".

suggests that the company A parallelism

itself surpassed Wall Street's
estimates. Incorrect. "increase
+ further" is redundant. Also,
the modifier "to increase sales
further"_x009d_ has a comma
on only one side. The correct
structure is - "while
announcing that, to increase
sales further, there would
be ...". Furthermore, "there
would be the first in a series of
price cuts" - Not clear who
exactly would bring this about.
the company?
"and that the 15 recordings …" A Pronouns
is not parallel to anything else.
"while in her prime" refers to
"her career".

'the usage of "which" is B Modifiers

incorrect.
Correct answer. E parallelism

"it" does not have a referent. C Modifier

Moreover, this option says
"obstacle for Congress" - not
correct. "the concern …" is an
obstacle to Congressional
passage
"both by adults and children" - C Pronouns
not parallel. "mandates that
any drug must undergo" -
Incorrect. Redundant.

Correct answer. E parallelism

"either the improvement of D parallelism

crop yields or to ward of …" -
not parallel.

Correct answer. E Construction

"not only adding convenience A Parallelism
stores, but also in combining …"
- not parallel. "in combining
with major fast-food chains they
build complexes…" -this does
not make sense either. "building
complexes" is not a part of
"combining with major food
chains".

"extent to flooding" - is D SVA

incorrect. "extent of flooding" is
the correct expression. This
structure is also incorrect --
"indicate the degree that rocks
were scattered by its force". The
correct expression would use
"the degree to which". ('to
which' correctly indicates
extent).

Correct answer E parallelism

"where" should have referred A Modifiers
to "homes". Here, it seems to
refer to the verb "had
electricity". This does not
make much sense. "less than
one percent of homes had
electricity, where lighting had
still been provided by candles
…" - both of these are referring
to what happened at the end of
the 19th century. Usage of
different tenses is then
incorrect.

"hoofed mammals that today A Comparisons

include cows, camels, pigs, and
hippos" - this implies that these
animals are contained within
hoofed mammals. Illogical.

correct answer. E parallelism

", or been" - we do not separate A parallelism
two phrases connected by a
conjunction with a comma. This
- "have a drug prescription with
a dosage too low" (it is just a
sheet of paper) need not lead to
"received inadequate
treatment". This, however, will -
"have been prescribed too low a
drug dosage"

"demand that local school B Tenses

districts are to be in control …"
does not use the proper verb
form for command subjunctive.
"but it can only spend it …" - the
two "it"s refer to two different
things. This is not allowed in the
same clause. Morevoer, the first
"it" has to refer to the plural
form "local school districts".
correct modifier, correct E Modifiers
comparison.

"the Altar of heaven, which was B SVA

… and is …" - this lacks a main
clause. Hence, incorrect.

"them" does not have a plural C Pronouns

antecedent that it can refer to.
Moreover, this reads "heat
occurs more slowly" - Not
logical. Also, "the more rapid
transfer" is compared with
"heat".

not only… but also not parallel B parallelism

Correct answer E Modifiers

"although + yet" is redundant. A SVA

"they" cannot refer to "a vast
constellation".

"like" cannot be used to A SVA

introduce examples.
this is a run on sentence. A Modifiers

"besides adding complementary A Comparison

flavors .." refers to "the release
of endorphins". The "release of
endorphins" is not "with
exercise".

"similar dinosaur types that D Comparison

were previously found in North
America" - Illogical.

"evidence of a star" - not the B Modifier

intended meaning. "that
exploded into view 340,000
years ago and that emitted
dazzling radiation …". Using
"and" suggests that "exploding
into view" and "emitting
dazzling radiation" are
completely unrelated ideas.
"maintaining competition" is A Idioms
very different from "maintaining
competitiveness".

"they" refers to two different D Modifiers

things in the same sentence.
Not ideal. The pronoun "it"
does not have an antecedent.
Also, it does not make sense to
put these two in parallel - "the
numbers 1 and 2 and the
letters A and B have
connotations associated
with them and they are aware
of it ". The second clause is
clearly a description of
"connotations". Not ideal.
Moreover, if "them" refers back
to the subject "the numbers 1
and 2 ...", we need a reflexive
pronoun "themselves".
"the rest of the 9 inches A SVA
contribute" - the subject and
verb do not agree.
"transpiration from soil and
from plants return" - subject
and verb do not agree.

"each style" cannot be D SVA

"products of regional
influences".

"resulting in the fact of B Modifier

domestic oil prices + modifier"-
Illogical.
Correct answer E parallelism

"more + rather than" is C Idioms

unidiomatic. Moreover,
"because its weight of only 8.1
grams is far lighter than it is for
…" - the pronoun "it" illogically
refers to "its (Sacagawea
dollar's) weight".

"25 percent over the next five D Pronouns

years is an increase that
amounts (amounting) to
roughly 5 miles a gallon,
representing the first
significant advance …" - this
modifier does not make sense
as it seems to describe HOW
the increase amounts to 5 miles
a gallon. Moreover, 25% does
not represent a significant
change. A 25% increase in fuel
efficiency does.
comma + with is used to make A Modifiers
component observations. Like
this - "the town experienced
devastating floods, with some
people losing all their material
possessions". This is not the
context here.

"like + so" is unidiomatic. Also, A parallelism

"linux" is compared with "it". "it
is that support for linux has
been growing" = "that support
for linux has been growing is".
This does not make any sense.

"they act as a global thermostat A parallelism

to thus keep Earth from either
burning up …" - this implies that
they act as a thermostat with an
intent/purpose. Not logical.
"Although ice particles benefit
Earth in that they reflect and
absorb solar radiation, they act
as a global thermostat ..." - the
usage of "although" does not
make sense as there is no
contrast indicated.
"Blaming …" incorrectly A Modifiers
modifies "company's
announement". "more than
2000 jobs" erroneously refers to
(entire) "workforce". "expected
a reported loss" does not make
any sense. It implies that there
are reported, and thus
unreported losses as well.
"company's announcement
included cutting its workforce"
does not make sense.

"its decline was much D Comparisons

more rapid during the
subsequent recession than the
economy of the United
States." - wrong comparison
between "economy" and
"decline".

"psychiatrists" are compared B Comparisons

with "historically psychologists".
Incorrect.

Correct answer. (Note - this E Tenses

does not make much sense
either because -ing modifiers
take the same tense as the verb
in the main clause - "have been
redirected". Not logical).
"pioneered …" should have A Meaning
modified "beam robots".
"neural networks are being used
for BEAM robots" - use of
present continuous is not
required since we are talking
about general truth/facts about
BEAM robots. "BEAM robots
that learn to walk through trial
and error" -implies that there
are certain ones that learn to
walk through trial & error and
certain ones that do not.

"the AG accused the bank of A Tenses

deceptive practices because of
its failure to keep its promises".
"because" indicates cause-and-
effect. As such "cause" and
"effect" must be two different
things. "deceptive practices"
and "failure to keep its
promises" are the same things.
"promise of keeping records
safe" is unidiomatic.
3 things - "hissing", C parallelism
"broadening", and "feigning"
must be connected by a
conjunction. Also, this option
refers only to "hognose snakes
with no dangerous fangs and
no venom". Incorrect. The
second part of this option is a
fragment - "the hognose snake
with no dangerous fangs and
no venom, and eventually, if its
pursuer is not cowed by the
performance, will fall over and
play dead".

Correct answer. Note that E Comparisons

"other animals would exhibit
similar patterns if they were
studied in as much depth" --
this states a hypothetical
condition. (not past tense).

"wherein" = "in which". This C Comparison

does not make a lot of sense
here.
"More than all the North A Modifiers
American Great Lakes
combined" seems to imply that
Lake Baikal IS MORE than all
Great Lakes combined. MORE in
what sense? Not clear.

"was privy" occurs before "will D Tenses

enable an interloper" -- this
does not make much sense.
"still harboring the illusion
that E-mail exchanges had
been private" implies that they
no longer held those illusions
when they uncovered that trick.
Correct answer E Meaning

"interacting among one C Idioms

another" is unidiomatic.
"interacting …" should refer to
"neighboring tribes". Here, the
participial modifier refers to the
subject of the preceding clause
"the confederacy". Incorrect.

Wrong comparison between B Comparisons

"emergency calls" and
"operators".

We cannot announce "the D Tense

pulsar" (a star), only its
discovery. "while" here seems
to imply simultaneous action.
Illogical
"not only but + as well" is D Idioms
redundant. "not only X but Y" --
in this option X and Y are not
parallel.

perfect parallelism and the E Comparisons

correct answer.

"Out of every four owners of A SVA

automobiles in the United
States" modifies "bicycles".
Incorrect.

Idiom "regard to be" is C Idioms

incorrect. The correct form is
"regard as". '"it" refers to "early
homind's manner of walking".
Illogical.

"because all of its neural C

pathways" -- the "its" does not
have an antecedent.

"determined as a result of" is D

redundant. (X is determined by
Y IS THE SAME AS X happens as
a result of Y).
"and attracting" is not parallel D
to anything else in the sentence.

this suggests that their D

commitment to a work and a
career that their parents had is
reducing -- not the intended
meaning.

"jumped at 20 percent" is B
unidiomatic.

This sentence distorts the B

meaning of the sentence by
suggesting that the style
conforms MORE to the shape of
the body and thus is ergonomic.
the original sentence is the new
style conforms to shape of the
body and thus is MORE
ergonomic. the structure of the
modifier is - "the style conforms
more to body's shape than
flaunting shape" -- "flaunting
shape" and "body's shape" are
in parallel. Illogical.
"astronomers were not WITH D
great navigators". Moreover,
"just as X, Y" requires X and Y to
be parallel. Y is a clause; X is
not.

the intervening modifier C

"almost instantly" makes this
comparison incorrect.

Not a sentence. Moreover, B

"using technology …" refers to
"an attempt".

Correct answer. E
"when" must be followed by a D
clause. "when alcohol and not
consumed on binges" is
incorrect.

Correct answer. "what impact it E

would have" -- usage of "would"
suggests that we are talking
about a hypothetical situation.
"exceeds what it [the growth] A
did for the 10,000 years" is a
nonsense sentence. "it"
nonsensically refers to the
entire phrase "the growth of the
global economy since 1990".

"either finding a similar or C

greater variety" -- not parallel.

We are referring to a specific C

time period - "during the
American revolution". Usage of
past perfect "had sided" is
incorrect. "the Oneida only of
the five nation league" distors
the meaning. This sentence
suggests that the Oneida were
only a part of the five nation
league, not of any other league.
"crested wheatgrass" is A
compared with "the
extensiveness of the root
system". This option implies
""grasses' greater enrichment of
soil" -- does not make any
sense. "that tall" is also
incorrect.

shifts' are compared with D

'husbands'. the usage of 'when'
is incorrect. it distorts the
meaning. It seems to suggest
that when women have such
children, they automatically
become more likely to work
different shifts.

by fossil fuels' is incorrect. C

'emissions can be cut by fossil
fuels' is absurd.

her discovering ...' is just D

awkward. 'her discovering' is
not parallel to 'painstaking
documentation'.
than' requires parallel structure. C
'with conventional structures' is
not parallel to anything. The
sentence also distorts the
original meaning. Here only the
bridge shows their idea. In the
original all structures do.

Correct answer. E

Correct answer. E

Correct answer. E

plan for imposing' is incorrect C

here. (It means they were
drawing up an agenda and
schedule for the plan.) 'truck
and bus engine pollution' is
incorrect. (seems to imply that
the engines themselves were
polluted.)
Correct answer. E

being domesticated ...' here A

incorrectly refers to reindeer's
tendency. Distorts meaning -
suggests that the years have
brought on this change.
Incorrect comparison between
'tendency to circle' and
'caribou'. Also, this option refers
to a specific group of caribou -
caribou that tend to spread far
and wide.
having been' is redundant here. A

so different + that' is the correct D

idiom.

picking bananas' is compared C

with 'strawberries'.

they' is incorrect. 'they' refers to D

'officials in atlanta's public
schools'.

The correct idiom is 'as much + C

as' , not 'as much + than'.

and also' is redundant. the C

usage of 'having initiated ...' is
incorrect. It must be followed by
what the software company did
later.

born into ...' must modify A

'Martha Harper'. 'a radical new
business model' seems to
modify 'Martha Harper'. Not
parallel. 'gain' is not parallel to
'enabled'.
redesign' is not parallel to D
'separating' and 'finding'.

which is' is redundant. primarily C

resulting ...' illogically modifies
$7.4Bn.

proof of the bird ...' distorts the D

meaning. Scientists know that
the bird atleast existed. What
they do not know is whether
the bird still exists.

Use 'such as' to introduce C

examples. The correct idiom is
'in much the same way as'.
Faulty comparison between
'registers emotions' and
'heartburn'. 'much the same'
also implies that these two
things are same - illogical. The
word 'their' does not agree with
'a person'.
what the types' is not parallel to A
'the levels'. "were present"
suggests that these fossilized
algae are no longer present. We
need to use simple present to
talk about general truths. "what
the types of fossilized algae
were that were present" Is
extremely wordy compared to
"the types of fossilized algae
present"

Correct answer E

which' incorrectly refers to D

'Antarctic ice streams'. Also,
these things do not suggest
'flowing ice', but rather that
flowing ice may have carved
thsoe channels. (the structure is
-- suggestive of flowing ice +
Modifier).
"like" cannot be followed by a D Comparison
clause.

CORRECT ANSWER. 'Less than' E Idioms

used correctly. Maintains
perfect parallelism.

Usage of "to have" is redundant A Tenses

as removing it conveys the
intended meaning correctly.

Less concise than option B. B Comparison

"does not have the capability of
achieving" can simply be
rewritten as "cannot achieve".

"but yet" is redundant. "a C Idioms

middleweight blackhole is less
in its mass" -- it CANNOT be IN
its mass. (this sentence implies
that the blackhole is/exists less
In its mass AND more in
something else.)
"captured customers" is not C Pronouns
parallel to "it also forced them
…"

"Because" and "so" together are C Idioms

redundant.

"now with numbers five times A Comparison

greater than …" does not
describe HOW they survived a
close brush with extinction.
"now" describes a present
situation. The situation now
cannot have an impact on what
happened in the past.

CORRECT ANSWER. Simple E Parallelism

present "is descended" is used
to talk about general truths.

"twelve tone system" is also C Comparison

compared to "Bartok".
"red wine" illogically refers to A Modifiers
"alcohol consumption". If we
ignore the modifiers, the basic
structure is this -- "a reduced
risk of heart disease started
sales of wines growing again".
Clearly nonsense.

"and now lined with …" is not C Comparison

parallel to anything else.

Does not have a main clause. B Pronouns

Singular 'period' needs D SVA
singular 'is' not plural 'are'.
The pronoun "that" does not
have a referent. The present
tense here -- "the period when
the great painted caves were
occupied by Upper Paleolithic
peoples is established by C-
Dating" -- does not make a lot
of sense. Present tense is used
for general/timeless truths (i.e.
true today, in the past, and in
the future). However, the
context suggests that this was a
point event in the past. Use
simple past or present perfect.

this is a run-on sentence. C Idioms

CORRECT ANSWER. Subject and E SVA

Verb are in agreement.
We need the past perfect "had B Pronouns
expected" to suggest that this
happened before the profits
declined. Note that the future
perfect "will have improved"
(just like past perfect) is used to
indicate the prior action in a
sequence of tenses. Since, we
are referring to a specific time in
the future (second half of the
year), simple future is preferred.
Also, there is no sequence of
tenses in the future.

We need "like", not "as" to A Comparison

compare two nouns. Using "as"
suggests that "tolstoi's
rebellion" played the role
of/functioned as "rousseau's
rebellion".

"which" illogically refers to D Parallelism

"dollar". "raise in inflation" is
incorrect.

the basic structure is "a fungus C Miscellaneous

that to become the largest living
organism" -- incorrect. "having
woven" (a perfect participle)
indicates an action that
happened before the main
clause. There is no sequence of
tenses indicated here.
"either in the case of Abigail D Modifiers
Adams or of Dolly Madison's" --
not parallel. Also, "of Dolly
Madison's" is redundant.

Sentence fragment -- does not A Parallelism

have a main verb. Morevoer,
"that" cannot be separated by
commas.

"thus they have never seen A Parallelism

anyone gesture" cannot be
parallel to a noun phrase --
"individuals + who-modifier".

CORRECT ANSWER. All pronoun E Pronouns

ambiguity is removed.
CORRECT ANSWER. Idiomatic E Idioms
construction -- "as likely as".

CORRECT ANSWER. It is clear E Parallelism

and concise. Maintains
parallelism

"of all immigrants to enter the D Parallelism

US" should have referred to
people. Here, it refers to "the
federal immigration station".
Moreover, this option also uses
redundant construction -- "Of
all immigrants to enter the
United States …, the federal
immigration station on Ellis
Island processed nearly three
quarters of them". Also,
parallelism dictates this
structure -- "having rebuilt in
1900". this implies that the
station rebuilt itself. Illogical.
"they showed that in societies C Pronouns
where they consume little salt,
their …" -- the 1st "they" is
redundant. "showed" suggests
that this happened BEFORE the
studies "linked high salt content
to high rates of hypertension".
The 2nd and 3rd "they" do not
have antecedents.

CORRECT ANSWER. Clear and E Parallelism

concise. Maintains parallelism.

The modifier "with much of the C Pronouns

profits used for paying higher
taxes" does NOT in any
meaningful way describe "it was
profitable only overseas".

"aspirin works at the prevention A Miscellaneous

of blood clots" is incorrect.
The pronoun "it" illogically B Miscellaneous
refers to "the surface
temperature of the globe". "the
previous thirty years" -- which
previous 30 years are we talking
about? Not clear.

this implies that ALL the A Pronouns

different varieties of tortoises
have ONE style of oversized
dome

Incorrect usage of 'like'. "those" B Comparison

does not seem to have a proper
antecedent. Either "areas" or
"attitudes" does not make sense
with "those [areas/attitudes] of
relative merits of competition
…"

"so that" suggests that they

were gradual enough with a
purpose.

A Idioms
Incorrect Idiom - Uses "As
much…than"

D Idioms
"exhibit the kind of curiosity Tenses
where new patterns of behavior
and expression are
passed on" -- "where" is
incorrect because it is used to
specify location.

D
Correct answer - Uses the right
comparison

E Comparison
Note that placeholder "it" refers
to the infinitive "to be bought
on credit". "to be bought on
credit is more expensive for
durable goods" is nonsense.

B SVA
"twice as many as the Modifiers
increase ..." is a noun modifier
and thus refers to 1990.
Morevoer, "increase" is not
countable. Hence, "many" does
not make sense.

A
"used Websites, public Modifiers
meetings, and mass mailings"
happened before "has
organized". Illogical. "has
organized a successful campaign
in convincing the Department
of Agriculture". "in convincing"
suggests that "organizing" was a
part of the actual "convincing".
Not logical.

E
"through their keeping interest Pronouns
rates low" -- the pronoun
"their" is unnecessary as
"through keeping interest rates
low" already refers to the
subject "the Federal Reserve".
"or perhaps it will even push
them lower" -- the pronoun "it"
is unnecessary and redundant.
Moreover, this structure should
have been parallel to "keep
interest rates low" (because
logically parallel thoughts).
However, here we are unsure of
what purpose "even push them
lower" serves. In the original
sentence, the purpose is --
"compensate and help the
economy".

C
"being" is redundant as
removing it does not change the
meaning of the sentence.

C Modifiers
"the 13 colonies, with some
formed as a commercial
venture, all had a written
charter" -- note that "with"
functions as an adverbial
modifier that seems to describe
"had a written charter". Does
not make sense. Removing
"with" makes it a noun modifier
(as it should be) that describes
"the 13 colonies".

A Modifiers
"borrowers that they do not pay Modifiers
back their loans on time" is
incorrect. "they" here is
redundant and distorts the
meaning of the sentence. "such
a group" = "of a similar kind/like
the type specified before" does
not make sense. We want to
refer to the exact same group of
borrowers, not ones of a similar
type.

B
Correct answer. Note that unlike
who/whom, whose can refer to
things/animals.

E Modifiers
"for their producing of a ton of
steel". "their" is unnecessary
and redundant. Moreover,
"from 11 hours in 1982 to 6
hours in 1988" specifies a
certain time in the past 1982-
1988. Only simple past makes
sense.

D Tenses
The phrase "in comparison" is
redundant with "Whereas".
Note that "compratively" in the
correct answer is used to
compare "smoothness", not in
place of "whereas". "allowing it
to be pulled out" illogically
refers to "the yellow jacket".

C Comparison
TYPE 2 SUB TYPE
Modifier

Modifier Meaning
Parallelism Modifier

Pronoun Tenses

Concision Construction
Parallelism

Parallelism

Pronoun Tenses
Meaning Tenses

Construction
Tense Idiom
Subject-Verb Modifiers
agreement

Modifier Construction

Idiom
Parallelism

Concision

Tense
Tense

Pronoun Construction
Meaning Construction

Pronoun Meaning

Parallelism Meaning

Idioms Pronouns
Idiom
Pronoun

Construction

Like/Such As
Parallelism

Due To Last v/s Latter

Meaning Parallelism
Parallelism

Pronoun Parallelism

Because of Construction
Pronoun Modifier

Subject Verb Meaning

Agreement

Tenses
Tenses

Idiom

Being
Subject Verb
Agreement

Parallelism Construction

Parallelism Concision

Construction Pronoun
Comparison Subject Verb
Agreement

Pronoun Concision

Tenses
Tenses

Meaning Construction

Idiom Tenses

Parallelism Meaning
Modifier

Construction
Concision Meaning

Construction Modifier

Tense Pronoun
Subject Verb Tenses
Agreement

Pronoun

Subject Verb
agreement
Parallelism

Parallelism

Because of Construction

Meaning
Subject Verb
agreement

Pronoun
Tense Construction

Meaning Hypothetical
Subjunctive

Modifiers

Construction Subject Verb

Agreement
Pronoun Modifier

Meaning Idiom

Being

Meaning Tense
Concision

Construction Meaning

Concision

Modifiers Concision
Parallelism Concision
Construction

Idiom Concision

Pronoun Construction

Parallelism Tenses
Modifier Concision

Pronoun

Modifiers Concision

Tenses
Pronoun Parallelism

Modifier

Idioms Tense

Meaning
Modifier
Parallelism

Tense Modifiers
Idiom

Parallelism

Modifiers
Modifier Pronoun ambiguity

Subject Verb
Agreement

Pronoun
Meaning

Idioms
concision

Pronoun
Modifier

concision
Pronoun Hypothetical
subjunctive

Parallelism

Modifiers
Comparison Idiom

Sentence Construction

Pronoun Modifier

Pronoun Meaning
Parallelism Pronoun ambiguity

SUBJECT VERB Meaning

Pronoun
Construction

Modifier Construction
Tenses

Modifier

Concision
Pronoun Idiom

Meaning Tense

Pronoun Meaning

Meaning Parallelism
Tenses Construction

Modifiers Tenses

idiom Tenses
Modifiers

Modifiers Construction

Subject Verb Idiom/Parallelism

Agreement
Subject Verb Pronoun ambiguity
Agreement
Construction Idiom

Parallelism Meaning

Idiom Meaning

Pronoun Being/With
Parallelism Construction

Construction

Pronouns Parallelism
Subject Verb
Agreement

Like

Idiom Meaning

Pronoun Construction
Pronoun Concision

Sentence fragments parallelism

and meaning distortion

Tenses

Pronoun Construction
Modifiers Meaning

Tenses Concision

Pronouns Meaning Distortion

and concise answers

Pronouns Tenses
Tenses Idioms

Pronoun Comparison

Tense Idiom
Idiom

Modifiers Pronoun

Parallelism Pronouns
Modifiers Pronoun

Tenses Being/With
Pronouns Structure

Idioms Structure
Modifiers Structure

Parallelism
Idiom Comparision

Modifiers Structure
Parallelism Idiom

Parallelism

Idiom
Parallelism

Comparison

Construction
Parallelism Subject Verb
Agreement

Pronoun Construction

Meaning Parallelism
Tenses Structure

Concision

Tenses
Modifier
Subject Verb
Agreement
Construction
Construction
Parallelism

SVA
Tense

Redundacny

Comparison
 Idioms

Conjunctions
Parallelism

Tense
Parallelism
 SVA

Meaning

Pronoun

Pronouns/Tenses
Modifier

Tenses
Redundancy

Parallelism
Parallelism

modifier
 Pronoun

Comparison
Parallelism
Construction
Parallelism

Parallelism

Tenses
Comparison

Sentence Construction
Clauses and
connectors

Parallelism
Idioms Comparison
Pronouns Sentence Fragments

Pronouns
Pronouns

Pronouns
Construction

Construction

SV Agreement Comparison
Parallelism

comparison
Pronouns meaning

Modifiers Meaning
SVA
comparison Modifiers

Meaning
Tenses
Parallelism Idioms
SVA pronoun

Pronouns Idioms

Idioms
Idioms
comparison

Modifiers Tenses

Parallelism Comparison

Pronouns
Pronouns

Tenses Construction

Comparisons
Tenses

Modifiers

Pronouns

Parallelism
Modifiers

Parallelism
Construction

Construction

Tenses meaning
SVA

Modifiers

Modifiers parallelism
Tenses

Comparisons Idioms

Idioms Construction
Parallelism

Tenses

Parallelism Construction
Construction

Meaning
Construction

Parallelism

Construction
Meaning
Tenses

Comparisons Modifiers

Pronouns Modifiers

Modifiers Pronouns
Comparisons meaning

Parallelism

Meaning

Parallelism
Concision

Parallelism

Construction

Being Concision

Concision
Parallelism Concision

Concision

Pronoun Meaning

Tenses
Meaning Concision

Modifier

Construction

Modifier Meaning
Pronoun Concision

Modifier

Idiom Construction
Subject Verb Parallelism
Agreement

Concision As/Like

Modifier Pronoun

Parallelism Tenses
Concison

Modifier Subject Verb

Agreement

Pronoun Concision

Being
Concision

Concision Meaning

Modifier Construction
Parallelism Tenses

Pronoun Construction

Construction
Pronoun

Parallelism Concision

Pronouns

Comparisons

Parallelism Construction
Pronouns

pRONOUNS

Comparison
Pronoun Construction

Modifier
Pronouns "being" usage.

Pronouns
Construction

Clauses and
Pronouns connectors.
Pronouns Construction

Construction