Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
TITLE : DRAINAGE BOX CULVERT DESIGN TO BS 5400: PART 4 : 1990 & BD 31/01 BASED ON SIMPLY SUPPORTED
SUBJECT : 2500 W x 2500 H x 1000 L DRAINAGE BOX-CULVERT WITHOUT DWF, FILL = 5000 mm
PROJECT : Cameron Highland
DESIGN INFORMATION
Dimensions
Internal width Wi = 2.500 m Tw =
Internal Height Hi = 2.500 m
Length L = 1.000 m Ts = 350
Thickness of top slab Ts = 0.350 m
Wall thickness Tw = 0.350 m
Base slab thickness Tb = 0.350 m
Height of Dry weather flow Hdwf = 0.000 m
3200
2500
Width of Dry weather flow Wdwf = 0.000 m
Total external width We = 3.200 m
He =
Hi =
Total external height He = 3.200 m
Haunch chamfer internal Ci = 300.0 mm Hdwf = 0
Chamfer external Ce = 300.0 mm Tb = 350
Soil Data Tw =
Depth of fill Df = 5.000 m
Density of concrete gc = 25.00 kN/m³
Density of soil gs = 19.00 kN/m³
Depth of Water Table from existing ground DWTable = 0.000 m below existing ground
Earth pressure coefficients K1 = 0.500 Max.
K2 = 0.330
2850
K3 = 0.200 Min.
Partial Load Factors
h=
SLS ULS
Load Type
gf3 gfL gf3*gfL gf3 gfL gf3*gfL
1) Culvert Self-weight 1.0 1.0 1.00 1.10 1.15 1.265
2) Superimposed Dead Load
2a) Min. Fill load = gH 1.0 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
2b) Max. Fill load = βgH 1.0 1.0 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.320
3) Lateral Soil Pressure
3a) Min 0.2 gH 1.0 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
3b) Max 0.6 gH and 0.33 gH 1.0 1.0 1.00 1.10 1.50 1.650
4) Live Load surcharge 1.0 1.0 1.00 1.10 1.50 1.650
5) Vertical Live Load 1.0 1.1 1.10 1.10 1.30 1.430
6) HB Traction Force 1.0 1.0 1.00 1.10 1.10 1.210
7) Buoyancy/hydrostatic 1.0 1.1 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.210
8) For Relieving effects 1.0 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Loading Criteria
Superimposed Dead Load Factor β = 1.15 { β = 1.15+0.50(Df - 8)/3 OR β = 1.5+0.35(D
Self weight of top slab Sw1 = 8.75 kN/m² {Sw1 = Ts×gc }
Self weight of walls Sw2 = 13.67 kN/m² {Sw2 = 2×Tw×Hi×gc /(Wi + 2×Tw
Self weight of Soil, consider neg. arching effect Sw3 = 109.25 kN/m² {Sw3 = Df × gs × β } ==> Arching effect increase by
Ultimate Design point load on top slab Pult = 0.00 kN {Pult = P applicable only for fill ≤ 0.6m }
Ultimate Design pressure on topslab, Self-wt qt1 = 8.75 kN/m² {qt1 = Sw1}
TITLE : DRAINAGE BOX CULVERT DESIGN TO BS 5400: PART 4 : 1990 & BD 31/01 BASED ON SIMPLY SUPPORTED
SUBJECT : 2500 W x 2500 H x 1000 L DRAINAGE BOX-CULVERT WITHOUT DWF, FILL = 5000 mm
PROJECT : Cameron Highland
ANALYSIS OF BOX-CULVERT BASED ON RIGID FRAME FORMULAS BY PROF. DR. ING. A. KLEINTOGEL
Analysis Coefficients
Width to center of wall l = 2.8500 m {l = Wi + Tw }
Height to center of bottom slab h = 2.8500 m {h = Ts/2 + Hi + Tb/2 + Hdwf }
k1 = J3 /J1 J1 = Tb3/12, J2 = Tw3/12 k1 = 1.0000
k2 = J3 /J2 * ( h/l ) and J3 = Ts3/12 k2 = 1.0000
K1 = 2k2 + 3 K1 = 5.0000
K2 = 3k1 + 2k2 K2 = 5.0000
R1 = 3k2 + 1 R1 = 4.0000
R2 = k1 + 3k2 R2 = 4.0000
F1 = K1*K2 - k2 2
F1 = 24.0000
F2 = 1 + k1 + 6k2 F2 = 8.0000
Load Case 1 - Self-Weight of Structure - Uniform Pressure at ULS Acting Downwards and Upwards on the Slab
Case 1a Case 1b
Downwards pressure @ top Upwards pressure @ base slab
Ultimate Uniform Pressure w = 8.75 kN/m² 22.42 kN/m²
Moment at Joint, Ma Ma = 0.74 kNm -9.49 kNm {Ma = wl2/4*(k2/F1) }
Moment at Joint, Mb Mb = -3.70 kNm 1.90 kNm {Mb = -wl2/4*(K2/F1)
Moment at Joint, Mc Mc = -3.70 kNm 1.90 kNm {Mc = Mb }
Moment at Joint, Md Md = 0.74 kNm -9.49 kNm {Md = Ma }
Midspan Moment at top slab, Mn Mn = 5.18 kNm 1.90 kNm {Mn = wl2/8 + Mb } an
Midspan Moment at base slab, Me Me = 0.74 kNm 13.28 kNm {Me = (Ma + Md)/2 } a
Midspan Moment at wall, Mf Mf = -1.48 kNm -3.79 kNm {Mf = (Mc + M
Midspan Moment at wall, Mg Mg = -1.48 kNm -3.79 kNm {Mg = Mf }
Shear at support of top slab, Vb @ LHS Vb = 12.47 kN 0.00 kN {Vb = wl/h } and {V
Shear at support of top slab, Vc @ RHS Vc = -12.47 kN 0.00 kN {Vc = -Vb }
Shear at support of base slab, Va @ LHS Va = 0.00 kN -31.95 kN {Va = 0.00 } and { V
Shear at support of base slab, Vd @ RHS Vd = 0.00 kN 31.95 kN {Vd = Va }
Shear at top of wall, Hc @ RHS Hc = 1.56 kN -3.99 kN {Hc = (Ma - M
Shear at top of wall, Hb @ LHS Hb = -1.56 kN 3.99 kN {Hb = -Ha }
Shear at bottom of wall, Hd @ RHS Hd = 1.56 kN -3.99 kN {Hd = Hc }
Shear at bottom of wall, Ha @ LHS Ha = -1.56 kN 3.99 kN {Ha = Hb }
TITLE : DRAINAGE BOX CULVERT DESIGN TO BS 5400: PART 4 : 1990 & BD 31/01 BASED ON SIMPLY SUPPORTED
SUBJECT : 2500 W x 2500 H x 1000 L DRAINAGE BOX-CULVERT WITHOUT DWF, FILL = 5000 mm
PROJECT : Cameron Highland
Load Case 2 - SIDL(Earth Fill) - Uniform Pressure at ULS Acting Downwards and Upwards on the Slab
Case 2a Case 2b
Downwards pressure @ top Upwards pressure @ base slab
Ultimate Uniform Pressure w = 109.25 kN/m² 109.25 kN/m²
Moment at Joint, Ma Ma = 9.24 kNm -46.22 kNm {Ma = wl2/4*(k2/F1) }
Moment at Joint, Mb Mb = -46.22 kNm 9.24 kNm {Mb = -wl2/4*(K2/F1)
Moment at Joint, Mc Mc = -46.22 kNm 9.24 kNm {Mc = Mb }
Moment at Joint, Md Md = 9.24 kNm -46.22 kNm {Md = Ma }
Midspan Moment at top slab, Mn Mn = 64.71 kNm 9.24 kNm {Mn = wl2/8 + Mb } an
Midspan Moment at base slab, Me Me = 9.24 kNm 64.71 kNm {Me = (Ma + Md)/2 } a
Midspan Moment at wall, Mf Mf = -18.49 kNm -18.49 kNm {Mf = (Mc + Md)/2 } a
Midspan Moment at wall, Mg Mg = -18.49 kNm -18.49 kNm {Mg = Mf }
Shear at support of top slab, Vb @ LHS Vb = 155.68 kN 0.00 kN {Vb = wl/h } and {Vb
Shear at support of top slab, Vc @ RHS Vc = -155.68 kN 0.00 kN {Vc = -Vb }
Shear at support of base slab, Va @ LHS Va = 0.00 kN -155.68 kN {Va = 0.00 } and { V
Shear at support of base slab, Vd @ RHS Vd = 0.00 kN 155.68 kN {Vd = Va }
Shear at top of wall, Hc @ RHS Hc = 19.46 kN -19.46 kN {Hc = (Ma - Mb)/ h }
Shear at top of wall, Hb @ LHS Hb = -19.46 kN 19.46 kN {Hb = -Ha }
Shear at bottom of wall, Hd @ RHS Hd = 19.46 kN -19.46 kN {Hd = Hc }
Shear at bottom of wall, Ha @ LHS Ha = -19.46 kN 19.46 kN {Ha = Hb }
Load Case 3 - Live Load Uniform Pressure at ULS Acting Downwards and Upwards on the Slab
Case 3a Case 3b
Downwards pressure @ top Upwards pressure @ base slab
Ultimate Uniform Pressure w = 20.00 kN/m² 20.00 kN/m²
Moment at Joint, Ma Ma = 1.69 kNm -8.46 kNm {Ma = wl2/4*(k2/F1) }
Moment at Joint, Mb Mb = -8.46 kNm 1.69 kNm {Mb = -wl2/4*(K2/F1)
Moment at Joint, Mc Mc = -8.46 kNm 1.69 kNm {Mc = Mb }
Moment at Joint, Md Md = 1.69 kNm -8.46 kNm {Md = Ma }
Midspan Moment at top slab, Mn Mn = 11.85 kNm 1.69 kNm {Mn = wl2/8 + Mb } an
Midspan Moment at base slab, Me Me = 1.69 kNm 11.85 kNm {Me = (Ma + Md)/2 } a
Midspan Moment at wall, Mf Mf = -3.38 kNm -3.38 kNm {Mf = (Mc + Md)/2 } a
Midspan Moment at wall, Mg Mg = -3.38 kNm -3.38 kNm {Mg = Mf }
Shear at support of top slab, Vb @ LHS Vb = 28.50 kN 0.00 kN {Vb = wl/h } and {Vb
Shear at support of top slab, Vc @ RHS Vc = -28.50 kN 0.00 kN {Vc = -Vb }
Shear at support of base slab, Va @ LHS Va = 0.00 kN -28.50 kN {Va = 0.00 } and { V
Shear at support of base slab, Vd @ RHS Vd = 0.00 kN 28.50 kN {Vd = Va }
Shear at top of wall, Hc @ RHS Hc = 3.56 kN -3.56 kN {Hc = (Ma - Mb)/ h }
Shear at top of wall, Hb @ LHS Hb = -3.56 kN 3.56 kN {Hb = -Ha }
Shear at bottom of wall, Hd @ RHS Hd = 3.56 kN -3.56 kN {Hd = Hc }
Shear at bottom of wall, Ha @ LHS Ha = -3.56 kN 3.56 kN {Ha = Hb }
Load Case 4 - HB Wheel Load(Point Load) at ULS acting on Top Slab for Fill ≤ 0.6m Only (Use 2 HB wheel loads
Case 4a(1 P @ center) Case 4b(For 2 Point Loads)
HB wheel load at topslab P = 0.00 kN/m² 0.00 kN/m² One OR Two equal poin
Moment at Joint, Ma Ma = 0.00 kNm 0.00 kNm {Ma = 3Pl/8*(k
Moment at Joint, Mb Mb = 0.00 kNm 0.00 kNm {Ma = -3Pl/8*(K
Moment at Joint, Mc Mc = 0.00 kNm 0.00 kNm {Mc = Mb }
Moment at Joint, Md Md = 0.00 kNm 0.00 kNm {Md = Ma }
Midspan Moment at top slab, Mn Mn = 0.00 kNm 0.00 kNm {Mn = Pl/4 + M
Midspan Moment at base slab, Me Me = 0.00 kNm 0.00 kNm {Me = (Ma
Midspan Moment at wall, Mf Mf = 0.00 kNm 0.00 kNm {Mf = (Mc + M
Midspan Moment at wall, Mg Mg = 0.00 kNm 0.00 kNm {Mg = Mf }
Max. shear at support of top slab, V b @ LHS Vb = 0.00 kN 0.00 kN {Vb = P or 2P/2++ a
Max. shear at support of top slab, V c @ RHS Vc = 0.00 kN 0.00 kN {Vc = -Vb }
T.C. Lim/Drainage-Boxculvert(BD31-01).xls Page 3 of 7
SEPAKAT SETIA PERUNDING SDN BHD (14142-M)
TITLE : DRAINAGE BOX CULVERT DESIGN TO BS 5400: PART 4 : 1990 & BD 31/01 BASED ON SIMPLY SUPPORTED
SUBJECT : 2500 W x 2500 H x 1000 L DRAINAGE BOX-CULVERT WITHOUT DWF, FILL = 5000 mm
PROJECT : Cameron Highland
Load Case 5 - Uniform Horizontal Soil Pressure With K = 0.50 On Bothsides and K = 0.33 On the Left Hand Side
Case 5a Case 5b Case 5c
Earth Pressure coefficient K = 0.50 @ LHS OR 0.50 @ RHS OR 0.33
Earth pressure qh = 49.16 kN/m² 49.16 kN/m² 32.45
Moment at Joint, Ma Ma = -70.71 kNm 54.07 kNm -46.67
Moment at Joint, Mb Mb = 29.12 kNm -45.76 kNm 19.22
Moment at Joint, Mc Mc = -45.76 kNm 29.12 kNm -30.20
Moment at Joint, Md Md = 54.07 kNm -70.71 kNm 35.69
Midspan Moment at top slab, Mn Mn = -8.32 kNm -8.32 kNm -5.49
Midspan Moment at base slab, Me Me = -8.32 kNm -8.32 kNm -5.49
Midspan Moment at wall, Mf Mf = 4.16 kNm 29.12 kNm 2.75
Midspan Moment at wall, Mg Mg = 29.12 kNm 4.16 kNm 19.22
Shear at support of top slab, Vb @ LHS Vb = -26.27 kN 26.27 kN -17.34
Shear at support of top slab, Vc @ RHS Vc = -26.27 kN 26.27 kN -17.34
Shear at support of base slab, Va @ LHS Va = -43.79 kN 43.79 kN -28.90
Shear at support of base slab, Vd @ RHS Vd = -43.79 kN 43.79 kN -28.90
Shear at top of wall, Hc @ RHS Hc = 35.03 kN 35.03 kN 23.12
Shear at top of wall, Hb @ LHS Hb = -35.03 kN -35.03 kN -23.12
Shear at bottom of wall, Hd @ RHS Hd = 35.03 kN -105.08 kN 23.12
Shear at bottom of wall, Ha @ LHS Ha = 105.08 kN -35.03 kN 69.36
Load Case 6 - Uniform Horizontal Soil Pressure With K = 0.20 @ LHS and K = 0.20 @ RHS
Case 6a Case 6b
Earth Pressure coefficient K = 0.20 @ LHS OR 0.20 @ RHS The formulae below are
Earth pressure qh = 19.67 kN/m² 19.67 kN/m² {At top of wall, q
Moment at Joint, Ma Ma = -28.29 kNm 21.63 kNm {Ma = -k2*(qh h2/4)(K
Moment at Joint, Mb Mb = 11.65 kNm -18.30 kNm {Mb = -k2*(qh h2/4)(K
Moment at Joint, Mc Mc = -18.30 kNm 11.65 kNm {Mc = -k2*(qh h2/4)(K
Moment at Joint, Md Md = 21.63 kNm -28.29 kNm {Md = -k2*(qh h2/4)(K
Midspan Moment at top slab, Mn Mn = -3.33 kNm -3.33 kNm {Mn = (Mb
Midspan Moment at base slab, Me Me = -3.33 kNm -3.33 kNm {Me = (Ma
Midspan Moment at wall, Mf Mf = 1.66 kNm 11.65 kNm {Mf = (Mc + M
Midspan Moment at wall, Mg Mg = 11.65 kNm 1.66 kNm {Mg = qh h2/8 + (Ma +
Shear at support of top slab, Vb @ LHS Vb = -10.51 kN 10.51 kN {Vb = -(Mb
Shear at support of top slab, Vc @ RHS Vc = -10.51 kN 10.51 kN {Vc = Vb }
Shear at support of base slab, Va @ LHS Va = -17.51 kN 17.51 kN {Va = (Ma - M
Shear at support of base slab, Vd @ RHS Vd = -17.51 kN 17.51 kN {Vd = Va }
Shear at top of wall, Hc @ RHS Hc = 14.01 kN 14.01 kN {Hc = (Md - M
Shear at top of wall, Hb @ LHS Hb = -14.01 kN -14.01 kN {Hb = -Hc }
Shear at bottom of wall, Hd @ RHS Hd = 14.01 kN -42.03 kN {Hd = Hc }
Shear at bottom of wall, Ha @ LHS Ha = 42.03 kN -14.01 kN {Ha = qh h - (M
TITLE : DRAINAGE BOX CULVERT DESIGN TO BS 5400: PART 4 : 1990 & BD 31/01 BASED ON SIMPLY SUPPORTED
SUBJECT : 2500 W x 2500 H x 1000 L DRAINAGE BOX-CULVERT WITHOUT DWF, FILL = 5000 mm
PROJECT : Cameron Highland
Load Case 7 - Uniform Horizontal Live Load Surcharge With K = 0.50 On Bothsides and K = 0.33 On the Left Ha
Case 7a Case 7b Case 7c
Earth Pressure coefficient K = 0.50 @ LHS 0.50 @ RHS 0.33
Live Load surcharge qh = 10.00 kN/m² 10.00 kN/m² 6.60
Moment at Joint, Ma Ma = -14.38 kNm 11.00 kNm -9.49
Moment at Joint, Mb Mb = 5.92 kNm -9.31 kNm 3.91
Moment at Joint, Mc Mc = -9.31 kNm 5.92 kNm -6.14
Moment at Joint, Md Md = 11.00 kNm -14.38 kNm 7.26
Midspan Moment at top slab, Mn Mn = -1.69 kNm -1.69 kNm -1.12
Midspan Moment at base slab, Me Me = -1.69 kNm -1.69 kNm -1.12
Midspan Moment at wall, Mf Mf = 0.85 kNm 5.92 kNm 0.56
Midspan Moment at wall, Mg Mg = 5.92 kNm 0.85 kNm 3.91
Shear at support of top slab, Vb @ LHS Vb = -5.34 kN 5.34 kN -3.53
Shear at support of top slab, Vc @ RHS Vc = -5.34 kN 5.34 kN -3.53
Shear at support of base slab, Va @ LHS Va = -8.91 kN 8.91 kN -5.88
Shear at support of base slab, Vd @ RHS Vd = -8.91 kN 8.91 kN -5.88
Shear at top of wall, Hc @ RHS Hc = 7.13 kN 7.13 kN 4.70
Shear at top of wall, Hb @ LHS Hb = -7.13 kN -7.13 kN -4.70
Shear at bottom of wall, Hd @ RHS Hd = 7.13 kN -21.38 kN 4.70
Shear at bottom of wall, Ha @ LHS Ha = 21.38 kN -7.13 kN 14.11
Load Case 8 - Varying Horizontal Soil Pressure With K = 0.50 On Bothsides and K = 0.33 On the Left Hand Side
Case 8a Case 8b Case 8c
Pressure coefficient at rest Ko = 0.50 @ LHS 0.50 @ RHS 0.33
Earth pressure at top of wall q1 = 0.00 kN/m² 0.00 kN/m² 0.00
Earth pressure at base of wall q2 = 27.08 kN/m² 27.08 kN/m² 17.87
Moment at Joint, Ma Ma = -15.12 kNm 10.08 kNm -9.98
Moment at Joint, Mb Mb = 3.67 kNm -7.79 kNm 2.42
Moment at Joint, Mc Mc = -7.79 kNm 3.67 kNm -5.14
Moment at Joint, Md Md = 10.08 kNm -15.12 kNm 6.65
Midspan Moment at top slab, Mn Mn = -2.06 kNm -2.06 kNm -1.36
Midspan Moment at base slab, Me Me = -2.52 kNm -2.52 kNm -1.66
Midspan Moment at wall, Mf Mf = 1.15 kNm 8.02 kNm 0.76
Midspan Moment at wall, Mg Mg = 8.02 kNm 1.15 kNm 5.29
Shear at support of top slab, Vb @ LHS Vb = -4.02 kN 4.02 kN -2.65
Shear at support of top slab, Vc @ RHS Vc = -4.02 kN 4.02 kN -2.65
Shear at support of base slab, Va @ LHS Va = -8.84 kN 8.84 kN -5.84
Shear at support of base slab, Vd @ RHS Vd = -8.84 kN 8.84 kN -5.84
Shear at top of wall, Hc @ RHS Hc = 6.27 kN 6.27 kN 4.14
Shear at top of wall, Hb @ LHS Hb = -6.27 kN -6.27 kN -4.14
Shear at bottom of wall, Hd @ RHS Hd = 6.27 kN -32.31 kN 4.14
Shear at bottom of wall, Ha @ LHS Ha = 32.31 kN -6.27 kN 21.33
Load Case 9 - Varying Horizontal Soil Pressure With K = 0.20 On Bothsides and K = 0.33 On the Right Hand Sid
Case 9a Case 9b Case 9c
Pressure coefficient at rest Ko = 0.20 @ LHS 0.20 @ RHS 0.33
Earth pressure at top of wall q1 = 0.00 kN/m² 0.00 kN/m² 0.00
Earth pressure at base of wall q2 = 10.83 kN/m² 10.83 kN/m² 17.87
Moment at Joint, Ma Ma = -6.05 kNm 4.03 kNm 6.65
Moment at Joint, Mb Mb = 1.47 kNm -3.12 kNm -5.14
Moment at Joint, Mc Mc = -3.12 kNm 1.47 kNm 2.42
Moment at Joint, Md Md = 4.03 kNm -6.05 kNm -9.98
Midspan Moment at top slab, Mn Mn = -0.82 kNm -0.82 kNm -1.36
Midspan Moment at base slab, Me Me = -1.01 kNm -1.01 kNm -1.66
TITLE : DRAINAGE BOX CULVERT DESIGN TO BS 5400: PART 4 : 1990 & BD 31/01 BASED ON SIMPLY SUPPORTED
SUBJECT : 2500 W x 2500 H x 1000 L DRAINAGE BOX-CULVERT WITHOUT DWF, FILL = 5000 mm
PROJECT : Cameron Highland
Load Case 11 - For External Hydrostatic Pressure Acting @ Both Sides of Wall a= 2.85
Case 11a Case 11b α = a/h and β =b/h
K = 0.50 0.20 ψ = qa²(8+9β+3β²)/60
External Hydrostatic Pressure, at top p = 25.88 kN/m² 41.40 kN/m² {if Z>h, p
External Hydrostatic Pressure, at base slab q = 40.13 kN/m² 64.20 kN/m² {q = 10 *( h + T
Moment at Joint, Ma Ma = -11.41 kNm -18.26 kNm {Ma = -k2 (ψK
Moment at Joint, Mb Mb = -10.93 kNm -17.48 kNm {Mb = -k2 (ξK
Moment at Joint, Mc Mc = -10.93 kNm -17.48 kNm {Mc = Mb }
Moment at Joint, Md Md = -11.41 kNm -18.26 kNm {Md = Ma }
Midspan Moment at top slab, Mn Mn = -10.93 kNm -17.48 kNm {Mn = Mb }
Midspan Moment at base slab, Me Me = -11.41 kNm -18.26 kNm {Me = Ma }
Midspan Moment at wall, Mf Mf = 22.34 kNm 35.74 kNm {Mf = q*a²/12+(Ma+Mb)
Midspan Moment at wall, Mg Mg = 22.34 kNm 35.74 kNm {Mg = Mf }
Shear at support of top slab, Vb @ LHS Vb = 0.00 kN 0.00 kN {Vb = 0 }
Shear at support of top slab, Vc @ RHS Vc = 0.00 kN 0.00 kN {Vc = Vb }
Shear at support of base slab, Va @ LHS Va = 0.00 kN 0.00 kN {Va = 0 }
Shear at support of base slab, Vd @ RHS Vd = 0.00 kN 0.00 kN {Vd = Va }
Shear at top of wall, Hc @ RHS Hc = 43.47 kN 69.55 kN {Hc = qa²/6h + (M
Shear at top of wall, Hb @ LHS Hb = -43.47 kN -69.55 kN {Hb = -Hc }
Shear at bottom of wall, Hd @ RHS Hd = -50.58 kN -80.93 kN {Hd = -Ha }
Shear at bottom of wall, Ha @ LHS Ha = 50.58 kN 80.93 kN {Ha = qa(2h+b)/6h +
TITLE : DRAINAGE BOX CULVERT DESIGN TO BS 5400: PART 4 : 1990 & BD 31/01 BASED ON SIMPLY SUPPORTED
SUBJECT : 2500 W x 2500 H x 1000 L DRAINAGE BOX-CULVERT WITHOUT DWF, FILL = 5000 mm
PROJECT : Cameron Highland
LOAD COMBINATIONS :-
A) Case (1a+1b)*g f3*g fL1 + Case (2a+2b)*g f3*g fL2 + Case (3a+3b+4)*g f3*g fL5 + Case (5a+5b+8a+8b) *g f3*g fL3 + Case (7a+7b) *
ULS SLS MSLS_Live
Moment at Joint, Ma Ma = -124.71 kNm -90.78 kNm
Moment at Joint, Mb Mb = -113.83 kNm -82.39 kNm
Moment at Joint, Mc Mc = -113.83 kNm -82.39 kNm
Moment at Joint, Md Md = -124.71 kNm -90.78 kNm
Midspan Moment at top slab, Mn Mn = 72.86 kNm 59.75 kNm
Midspan Moment at base slab, Me Me = 79.55 kNm 65.25 kNm
Midspan Moment at wall, Mf Mf = 43.06 kNm 24.08 kNm
Midspan Moment at wall, Mg Mg = 43.06 kNm 24.08 kNm
Shear at support of top slab, Vb @ LHS Vb = 262.03 kN 199.50 kN
Shear at support of top slab, Vc @ RHS Vc = -262.03 kN -199.50 kN
Shear at support of base slab, Va @ LHS Va = -286.67 kN -218.98 kN
Shear at support of base slab, Vd @ RHS Vd = 286.67 kN 218.98 kN
Shear at top of wall, Hc @ RHS Hc = 209.32 kN 142.23 kN
Shear at top of wall, Hb @ LHS Hb = -209.32 kN -142.23 kN
Shear at bottom of wall, Hd @ RHS Hd = -246.36 kN -168.42 kN
Shear at bottom of wall, Ha @ LHS Ha = 246.36 kN 168.42 kN
B) Case (1a+1b)*g f3*g fL8 + Case (2a+2b)*g f3*g fL8/β + Case (5a+5b+8a+8b) *g f3*g fL3 + Case (7a+7b) *g f3*g fL4 + Case 11a*g
ULS SLS MSLS_Live
Moment at Joint, Ma Ma = -96.06 kNm -78.51 kNm
Moment at Joint, Mb Mb = -87.02 kNm -70.12 kNm
Moment at Joint, Mc Mc = -87.02 kNm -70.12 kNm
Moment at Joint, Md Md = -96.06 kNm -78.51 kNm
Midspan Moment at top slab, Mn Mn = 18.32 kNm 35.22 kNm
Midspan Moment at base slab, Me Me = 23.16 kNm 40.71 kNm
Midspan Moment at wall, Mf Mf = 70.80 kNm 36.35 kNm
Midspan Moment at wall, Mg Mg = 70.80 kNm 36.35 kNm
Shear at support of top slab, Vb @ LHS Vb = 147.84 kN 147.84 kN
Shear at support of top slab, Vc @ RHS Vc = -147.84 kN -147.84 kN
Shear at support of base slab, Va @ LHS Va = -167.33 kN -167.33 kN
Shear at support of base slab, Vd @ RHS Vd = 167.33 kN 167.33 kN
Shear at top of wall, Hc @ RHS Hc = 209.96 kN 142.23 kN
Shear at top of wall, Hb @ LHS Hb = -209.96 kN -142.23 kN
Shear at bottom of wall, Hd @ RHS Hd = -245.71 kN -168.42 kN
Shear at bottom of wall, Ha @ LHS Ha = 245.71 kN 168.42 kN
C) Case (1a+1b)*g f3*g fL1 + Case (2a+2b)*g f3*g fL2 + Case (3a+3b+4)*g f3*g fL5 + Case (6a+6b+9a+9b)*g f3*g fL8 + Case 11b*g f3
ULS SLS MSLS_Live
Moment at Joint, Ma Ma = -96.47 kNm -80.09 kNm
Moment at Joint, Mb Mb = -86.56 kNm -72.01 kNm
Moment at Joint, Mc Mc = -86.56 kNm -72.01 kNm
Moment at Joint, Md Md = -96.47 kNm -80.09 kNm
Midspan Moment at top slab, Mn Mn = 100.14 kNm 70.13 kNm
Midspan Moment at base slab, Me Me = 107.78 kNm 75.93 kNm
Midspan Moment at wall, Mf Mf = -12.44 kNm 3.02 kNm
Midspan Moment at wall, Mg Mg = -12.44 kNm 3.02 kNm
Shear at support of top slab, Vb @ LHS Vb = 262.03 kN 199.50 kN
Shear at support of top slab, Vc @ RHS Vc = -262.03 kN -199.50 kN
Shear at support of base slab, Va @ LHS Va = -286.67 kN -218.98 kN
Shear at support of base slab, Vd @ RHS Vd = 286.67 kN 218.98 kN
Shear at top of wall, Hc @ RHS Hc = 99.51 kN 100.16 kN
Shear at top of wall, Hb @ LHS Hb = -99.51 kN -100.16 kN
T.C. Lim/Drainage-Boxculvert(BD31-01).xls Page 7 of 7
SEPAKAT SETIA PERUNDING SDN BHD (14142-M)
TITLE : DRAINAGE BOX CULVERT DESIGN TO BS 5400: PART 4 : 1990 & BD 31/01 BASED ON SIMPLY SUPPORTED
SUBJECT : 2500 W x 2500 H x 1000 L DRAINAGE BOX-CULVERT WITHOUT DWF, FILL = 5000 mm
PROJECT : Cameron Highland
D) Case (1a+1b)*g f3*g fL1 + Case (2a+2b)*g f3*g fL2 + Case (3a+3b+4)*g f3*g fL5 + Case (5b+8b)*g f3*g fL8 + Case (5c+8c)*g f3*g fL3
ULS SLS MSLS_Live
Moment at Joint, Ma Ma = -114.53 kNm -55.15 kNm
Moment at Joint, Mb Mb = -72.16 kNm -74.22 kNm
Moment at Joint, Mc Mc = -96.43 kNm -54.92 kNm
Moment at Joint, Md Md = -73.54 kNm -89.40 kNm
Midspan Moment at top slab, Mn Mn = 102.40 kNm 77.57 kNm
Midspan Moment at base slab, Me Me = 110.22 kNm 83.75 kNm
Midspan Moment at wall, Mf Mf = -21.32 kNm -8.50 kNm
Midspan Moment at wall, Mg Mg = -12.96 kNm -15.97 kNm
Shear at support of top slab, Vb @ LHS Vb = 253.51 kN 206.27 kN
Shear at support of top slab, Vc @ RHS Vc = -270.54 kN -192.73 kN
Shear at support of base slab, Va @ LHS Va = -301.06 kN -206.97 kN
Shear at support of base slab, Vd @ RHS Vd = 272.29 kN 231.00 kN
Shear at top of wall, Hc @ RHS Hc = 90.95 kN 70.82 kN
Shear at top of wall, Hb @ LHS Hb = -90.95 kN -70.82 kN
Shear at bottom of wall, Hd @ RHS Hd = -87.75 kN -107.87 kN
Shear at bottom of wall, Ha @ LHS Ha = 134.69 kN 65.93 kN
E) Case (1a+1b)*g f3*g fL8+Case (2a+2b)*g f3*g fL8/β +Case (3a+3b+4)*g f3*g fL8+Case (5b+8b)*g f3*g fL8+Case (5c+8c)*g f3*g fL3+Case 7c*
ULS SLS MSLS_Live
Moment at Joint, Ma Ma = -92.65 kNm -49.65 kNm
Moment at Joint, Mb Mb = -52.12 kNm -68.72 kNm
Moment at Joint, Mc Mc = -76.39 kNm -49.42 kNm
Moment at Joint, Md Md = -51.66 kNm -83.90 kNm
Midspan Moment at top slab, Mn Mn = 61.39 kNm 66.57 kNm
Midspan Moment at base slab, Me Me = 67.38 kNm 72.75 kNm
Midspan Moment at wall, Mf Mf = -0.36 kNm -3.00 kNm
Midspan Moment at wall, Mg Mg = 8.00 kNm -10.47 kNm
Shear at support of top slab, Vb @ LHS Vb = 167.83 kN 183.12 kN
Shear at support of top slab, Vc @ RHS Vc = -184.86 kN -169.57 kN
Shear at support of base slab, Va @ LHS Va = -210.21 kN -183.81 kN
Shear at support of base slab, Vd @ RHS Vd = 181.44 kN 207.84 kN
Shear at top of wall, Hc @ RHS Hc = 91.60 kN 70.82 kN
Shear at top of wall, Hb @ LHS Hb = -91.60 kN -70.82 kN
Shear at bottom of wall, Hd @ RHS Hd = -87.10 kN -107.87 kN
Shear at bottom of wall, Ha @ LHS Ha = 134.04 kN 65.93 kN
TITLE : DRAINAGE BOX CULVERT DESIGN TO BS 5400: PART 4 : 1990 & BD 31/01 BASED ON SIMPLY SUPPORTED
SUBJECT : 2500 W x 2500 H x 1000 L DRAINAGE BOX-CULVERT WITHOUT DWF, FILL = 5000 mm
PROJECT : Cameron Highland
DESIGN OF WALL
Wall : Section at base slab/wall junction (per m strip) ie. Bottom corner
Service Moment at base/corner of wall Ms = 90.78 kNm/m {MSLS_Dead = -79.95 & MSLS_Live =
Ultimate Moment at base/corner of wall Mu = 124.71 kNm/m
Effective depth d = 291.00 mm {d = Tw - c - dia./2 }
K = Mu/(fcubd² ) K = 0.0421 < 0.15, So OK !
Lever arm = (0.5 + 0.5(1 - 5K)1/2)×d z = 274.79 mm {but z < 0.95d }
Tension steel required = Mu/(0.87fy z) Ast,req. = 1134 mm² {Min. Steel = 700.00 mm² } and { Min. Shrin
Reinforcement bars provided :-
Provide 6T Ø 16 @ Spacing = 167 mm c/c 1st layer
+ 6T Ø 16 @ Spacing = 167 mm c/c 2nd layer
Reinforcement provided/metre width Ast,prov. = 2413 mm² > Required. So OK !
Percentage of steel provided 100As/bd = 0.83 % Less than 4 % - O.K.!
Check Bottom Shear (per m strip) Of Wall at "d" From Face Of Base Slab
Ultimate shear force at base support Vu = 246.36 kN/m
Ultimate shear stress at base support vu = 0.802 N/mm² {vu = Vu / Ld }
Ult. shear at "d" away from face of support Vd = 156.89 kN/m {Assume d = 307.0 mm }
Ultimate shear stress at "d" away vd = 0.511 N/mm² {vd = Vd / Ld }
Allowable Maximum ULT shear stress 0.75 fcu1/2 = 4.437 N/mm² {but < 4.75 N/mm2 }
Ultimate shear stress in concrete vc = 0.664 N/mm² {vc = 0.27*(100As/bd)1/3*(fcu)1/3
Depth factor xs = 1.130 {xs = (500/d)1/4) but > 0.7 }
Allowable ULT shear stress vcxs = 0.750 N/mm²
Shear Stress Checks : vu < 0.75 fcu1/2 or 4.75 ==> O.K.!
vd < vcxs ==> So Shear Capacity OK !
Design for shear link reinforcement(if required) :-
Reinforcement Grade for shear link fyv = 460 N/mm²
Diameter of link used f = - mm
Nos. of leg used N = - legs of links per meter
Shear stress taken by shear link vd - vcxs = -0.239 N/mm² ==> if -ve, no shear reinforcement requ
Shear resistance Asv/sv = 0.000 ==> Asv/sv = Maximum of ( 0.4b/0.87fyv, b( vu + 0
Spacing of link required Sv req. = 0.00 mm c/c
Spacing of link provided Sv prov. = - mm c/c ==> Shear Link Not Required !
Wall : Section at top slab/wall junction (per m strip) ie. Top corner
Service Moment at top/corner of wall Ms = 82.39 kNm/m {MSLS_Dead = -71.56 & MSLS_Live =
Ultimate Moment at top/corner of wall Mu = 113.83 kNm/m
Effective depth d = 307.00 mm {d = Tw - c - dia./2 }
K = Mu/(fcubd² ) K = 0.0345 < 0.15, So OK !
Lever arm = (0.5 + 0.5(1 - 5K)1/2)×d z = 291.65 mm {but z < 0.95d }
Tension steel required = Mu/(0.87fy z) Ast,req. = 975 mm² {Min. Steel = 700.00 mm² } and { Min. Shrin
Reinforcement bars provided :-
Provide 6T Ø 16 @ Spacing = 167 mm c/c 1st layer
Ø
T.C. Lim/Drainage-Boxculvert(BD31-01).xls Page 9 of 7
SEPAKAT SETIA PERUNDING SDN BHD (14142-M)
TITLE : DRAINAGE BOX CULVERT DESIGN TO BS 5400: PART 4 : 1990 & BD 31/01 BASED ON SIMPLY SUPPORTED
SUBJECT : 2500 W x 2500 H x 1000 L DRAINAGE BOX-CULVERT WITHOUT DWF, FILL = 5000 mm
PROJECT : Cameron Highland
Ø
+ -T Ø- @ Spacing = - mm c/c 2nd layer
Reinforcement provided/metre width Ast,prov. = 1206 mm² > Required. So OK !
Percentage of steel provided 100As/bd = 0.39 % Less than 4 % - O.K.!
Check Top Shear (per m strip) Of Wall at "d" From Top Wall
Ultimate shear force at top wall Vu = 209.96 kN/m
Ultimate shear stress at top support vu = 0.679 N/mm² {vu = Vu / Ld }
Ult. shear at "d" away from face of support Vd = 145.02 kN/m {Assume d = 309.0 mm }
Ultimate shear stress at "d" away vd = 0.469 N/mm² {vd = Vd / Ld }
Allowable Maximum ULT shear stress 0.75 fcu1/2 = 4.437 N/mm² {but < 4.75 N/mm2 }
Ultimate shear stress in concrete vc = 0.518 N/mm² {vc = 0.27*(100As/bd)1/3*(fcu)1/3
Depth factor xs = 1.128 {xs = (500/d)1/4) but > 0.7 }
Allowable ULT shear stress vcxs = 0.584 N/mm²
Shear Stress Checks : vu < 0.75 f cu
1/2
or 4.75 ==> O.K.!
vd < vcxs ==> So Shear Capacity OK !
Design for shear link reinforcement(if required) :-
Reinforcement Grade for shear link fyv = 460 N/mm²
Diameter of link used f = - mm
Nos. of leg used N = - legs of links per meter
Shear stress taken by shear link vd - vcxs = -0.114 N/mm² ==> if -ve, no shear reinforcement requ
Shear resistance Asv/sv = 0.000 ==> Asv/sv = Maximum of ( 0.4b/0.87fyv, b( vu + 0
Spacing of link required Sv req. = 0.00 mm c/c
Spacing of link provided Sv prov. = - mm c/c ==> Shear Link Not Required !
TITLE : DRAINAGE BOX CULVERT DESIGN TO BS 5400: PART 4 : 1990 & BD 31/01 BASED ON SIMPLY SUPPORTED
SUBJECT : 2500 W x 2500 H x 1000 L DRAINAGE BOX-CULVERT WITHOUT DWF, FILL = 5000 mm
PROJECT : Cameron Highland
Shear Check
Ultimate shear force at support Vu = 270.54 kN/m
Ultimate shear stress at support vu = 0.930 N/mm² {vu = Vu / Ld }
Ultimate shear at "d" from face of support Vd = 184.85 kN/m
Ultimate shear stress at "d" away vd = 0.635 N/mm² {vd = Vd /Ld }
Allowable Maximum ULT shear stress 0.75 fcu1/2 = 4.437 N/mm² {but < 4.75 N/mm2 }
Ultimate shear stress in concrete vc = 0.664 N/mm² {vc = 0.27*(100As/bd)1/3*(fcu)1/3
Depth factor xs = 1.145 {xs = (500/d)1/4) but > 0.7 }
Allowable ULT shear stress vcxs = 0.760 N/mm²
Shear Stress Checks : vu < 0.75 fcu1/2 or 4.75 ==> O.K.!
vd < vcxs ==> So Shear Capacity OK !
Design for shear link reinforcement(if required) :-
Reinforcement Grade for shear link fyv = 460 N/mm²
Diameter of link used f = 12 mm ==> Enter ' 0 ' or ' - '
Nos. of leg used N = 4 legs of links per meter ==> Enter ' 0 ' or ' -
Shear stress taken by shear link vd - vcxs = -0.125 N/mm² ==> if -ve, no shear reinforcement requ
Shear resistance Asv/sv = 0.000 ==> Asv/sv = Maximum of ( 0.4b/0.87fyv, b( vu + 0
Spacing of link required Sv req. = 0.00 mm c/c
Spacing of link provided Sv prov. = 225 mm c/c ==> Shear Link Not Required !
Service moment at corner of base slab Ms = 90.78 kNm/m {MSLS_Dead = -79.95 & MSLS_Live =
Moment at support/corner of base slab Mu = 124.71 kNm/m
Depth of section D = 350.0 mm {D = Hdwf + Tb }
Effective depth d = 291.0 mm {d = D - c - dia./2 }
K = Mu/(fcubd² ) K = 0.0421 < 0.15, So OK !
Lever arm = (0.5 + 0.5(1 - 5K)1/2)×d z = 274.79 mm {but z < 0.95d }
Tension steel required = Mu/(0.87fy z) Ast,req. = 1134 mm² {Min. Steel = 525.00 mm² } and { Min. Shrin
Reinforcement bars provided :-
Provide 6T Ø 16 @ Spacing = 167 mm c/c 1st layer
+ 6T Ø 16 @ Spacing = 167 mm c/c 2nd layer
T.C. Lim/Drainage-Boxculvert(BD31-01).xls Page 11 of 7
SEPAKAT SETIA PERUNDING SDN BHD (14142-M)
TITLE : DRAINAGE BOX CULVERT DESIGN TO BS 5400: PART 4 : 1990 & BD 31/01 BASED ON SIMPLY SUPPORTED
SUBJECT : 2500 W x 2500 H x 1000 L DRAINAGE BOX-CULVERT WITHOUT DWF, FILL = 5000 mm
PROJECT : Cameron Highland
Ø
Reinforcement provided/metre width Ast,prov. = 2413 mm² > Required. So OK !
Percentage of steel provided 100As/bd = 0.83 % Less than 4 % - O.K.!
Check Shear (per m strip) Of Base Slab At "d" From Face Of Base Wall
Ultimate shear force at support Vu = 301.06 kN/m
Ultimate shear stress at support vu = 1.035 N/mm² {vu = Vu / Ld }
Ult. shear at "d" away from face of support Vd = 207.31 kN/m {Assume d = 291.0 mm }
Ultimate shear stress at "d" away vd = 0.712 N/mm² {vd = Vd / Ld }
Allowable Maximum ULT shear stress 0.75 fcu1/2 = 4.437 N/mm² {but < 4.75 N/mm2 }
Ultimate shear stress in concrete vc = 0.664 N/mm² {vc = 0.27*(100As/bd)1/3*(fcu)1/3
Depth factor xs = 1.145 {xs = (500/d)1/4) but > 0.7 }
Allowable ULT shear stress vcxs = 0.760 N/mm²
Shear Stress Checks : vu < 0.75 fcu1/2 or 4.75 ==> O.K.!
vd < vcxs ==> So Shear Capacity OK !
Design for shear link reinforcement(if required) :-
Reinforcement Grade for shear link fyv = 460 N/mm²
Diameter of link used f = - mm
Nos. of leg used N = - legs of links per meter
Shear stress taken by shear link vd - vcxs = -0.048 N/mm² ==> if -ve, no shear reinforcement requ
Shear resistance Asv/sv = 0.000 ==> Asv/sv = Maximum of ( 0.4b/0.87fyv, b( vu + 0
Spacing of link required Sv req. = 0.00 mm c/c
Spacing of link provided Sv prov. = - mm c/c ==> Shear Link Not Required !
TITLE : DRAINAGE BOX CULVERT DESIGN TO BS 5400: PART 4 : 1990 & BD 31/01 BASED ON SIMPLY SUPPORTED
SUBJECT : 2500 W x 2500 H x 1000 L DRAINAGE BOX-CULVERT WITHOUT DWF, FILL = 5000 mm
PROJECT : Cameron Highland
T 16 - 200 mm c/c
T16 - 167 mm c/c T 16 - 333 mm c/c
Ts = 350
Hi = 2500
He = 3200
TITLE : DRAINAGE BOX CULVERT DESIGN TO BS 5400: PART 4 : 1990 & BD 31/01 BASED ON SIMPLY SUPPORTED
SUBJECT : 2500 W x 2500 H x 1000 L DRAINAGE BOX-CULVERT WITHOUT DWF, FILL = 5000 mm
PROJECT : Cameron Highland
Ci =
300
T16 - 200 mm c/c
300
T16 - 167 mm c/c
Hdwf = 0
Tb = 350
DWTable
300x300
Wdwf= 0
300x300 Chamfer
Tw =350
when K = 0.50
when K = 0.50
G. A. KLEINTOGEL
n
b c
n
h g g f f
e
a d
e
l
and Upwards on the Slab
@ LHS The formulae below are for UDL lateral pressure @ LHS
kN/m² {At top of wall, qh = qs1}
kNm {Ma = -k2*(qh h2/4)(K1 -k2)/(2F1) -qh h2/2*(R1+k2)/(2F2) }
kNm {Mb = -k2*(qh h2/4)(K2 -k2)/(2F1)+qh h2/2*(R2 -k2)/(2F2) }
kNm {Mc = -k2*(qh h2/4)(K2 -k2)/(2F1) -qh h2/2*(R2 -k2)/(2F2) }
kNm {Md = -k2*(qh h2/4)(K1 -k2)/(2F1)+qh h2/2*(R1+k2)/(2F2) }
kNm {Mn = (Mb + Mc)/2 }
kNm {Me = (Ma + Md)/2 }
kNm {Mf = (Mc + Md)/2 }
kNm {Mg = qh h2/8 + (Ma + Mb)/2 }
kN {Vb = -(Mb - Mc)/l }
kN {Vc = Vb }
kN {Va = (Ma - Md)/l }
kN {Vd = Va }
kN {Hc = (Md - Mc)/h }
kN {Hb = -Hc }
kN {Hd = Hc }
kN {Ha = qh h - (Md - Mc)/h }
@ LHS The formulae below are for UDL lateral pressure @ RHS
kN/m² {At top of wall, qh = qs1}
kNm {Ma = -k2*(qh h2/4)(K1 -k2)/(2F1)+qh h2/2*(R1+k2)/(2F2) }
kNm {Mb = -k2*(qh h2/4)(K2 -k2)/(2F1) -qh h2/2*(R2 -k2)/(2F2) }
kNm {Mc = -k2*(qh h2/4)(K2 -k2)/(2F1)+qh h2/2*(R2 -k2)/(2F2) }
kNm {Md = -k2*(qh h2/4)(K1 -k2)/(2F1) -qh h2/2*(R1+k2)/(2F2) }
kNm {Mn = (Mb + Mc)/2 }
kNm {Me = (Ma + Md)/2 }
kNm {Mf = qh h2/8 + (Ma + Mb)/2 }
kNm {Mg = (Mc + Md)/2 }
kN {Vb = -(Mb - Mc)/l }
kN {Vc = Vb }
kN {Va = (Ma - Md)/l }
kN {Vd = Va }
kN {Hc = (Md - Mc)/h }
kN {Hb = -Hc }
kN {Hd = qh h - (Md - Mc)/h }
kN {Ha = Hb }
@ LHS
kN/m² The formulae below are for varying pressure @ LHS
kN/m² {q2 = qs2 - qs1}
kNm {Ma = -k2*(qs h2/15)(2K1-7k2/4)/(2F1)-qs h2/2*(R1/3+k2/2)/(2F2) }
kNm {Mb = -k2*(qs h2/15)(7K2/4-2k2)/(2F1)+qs h2/2*(R2/3-k2/2)/(2F2) }
kNm {Mc = -k2*(qs h2/15)(7K2/4-2k2)/(2F1)-qs h2/2*(R2/3-k2/2)/(2F2) }
kNm {Md = -k2*(qs h2/15)(2K1-7k2/4)/(2F1)+qs h2/2*(R1/3+k2/2)/(2F2) }
kNm {Mn = (Mb + Mc)/2 }
kNm {Me = (Ma + Md)/2 }
kNm {Mf = (Mc + Md)/2 }
kNm {Mg = 3qs h2/48 + (Ma + Mb)/2 }
kN {Vb = -(Mb - Mc)/l }
kN {Vc = Vb }
kN {Va = (Ma - Md)/l }
kN {Vd = Va }
kN {Hc = (Md - Mc)/h }
kN {Hb = -Hc }
kN {Hd = Hc }
kN {Ha = qs h/2 - (Md - Mc)/h }
@ RHS
kN/m² The formulae below are for varying pressure @ RHS
kN/m² {q2 = qs2 - qs1}
kNm {Ma = -k2*(qs h2/15)(2K1-7k2/4)/(2F1)+qs h2/2*(R1/3+k2/2)/(2F2) }
kNm {Mb = -k2*(qs h2/15)(7K2/4-2k2)/(2F1)-qs h2/2*(R2/3-k2/2)/(2F2) }
kNm {Mc = -k2*(qs h2/15)(7K2/4-2k2)/(2F1)+qs h2/2*(R2/3-k2/2)/(2F2) }
kNm {Md = -k2*(qs h2/15)(2K1-7k2/4)/(2F1)-qs h2/2*(R1/3+k2/2)/(2F2) }
kNm {Mn = (Mb + Mc)/2 }
kNm {Me = (Ma + Md)/2 }
b= 0
α = a/h and β =b/h
ψ = qa²(8+9β+3β²)/60 and ξ = qa²(10-3α²)/60
{if Z>h, p = 10(Z-h)(1-K) else p = 0 }
{q = 10 *( h + Ts/2 + Df - DWTable) * (1-K) }
{Ma = -k2 (ψK1 - ξk2 ) /F1 - ph²/4*k2 (K1 - k2 ) /F1 }
{Mb = -k2 (ξK2 - ψk2 ) /F1 - ph²/4*k2 (K2 - k2 ) /F1 }
{Mc = Mb }
{Md = Ma }
{Mn = Mb }
{Me = Ma }
{Mf = q*a²/12+(Ma+Mb)/2 if b>h/2 OR = q*a²/12-q(h/2-b)³/6a+(Ma+Mb)/2+ph²/8 if b<h/2}
{Mg = Mf }
{Vc = Vb }
{Vd = Va }
{Hc = qa²/6h + (Ma - Mb)/h + p*h/2 }
{Hb = -Hc }
{Hd = -Ha }
{Ha = qa(2h+b)/6h + (Mb - Ma)/h + p*h/2 }
3
*g fL4 + Case 11a*g f3*g fL7
MSLS_Dead MSLS
ase (5c+8c)*g f3*g fL3 + Case 7c*g f3*g fL4 + Case 10*g f3*g fL6
MSLS_Dead MSLS
e (5c+8c)*g f3*g fL3+Case 7c*g f3*g fL4 + Case 10*g f3*g fL6
MSLS_Dead MSLS
-10.83 }
ar Capacity OK !
-10.83 }
ar Capacity OK !
14.89 }
ar Capacity OK !
-10.83 }
14.89 }
ar Capacity OK !
Secondary Bars
460 N/mm²
0.12 % bh
Secondary Bars
460 N/mm²
0.12 % bh
Secondary Bars
460 N/mm²
0.12 % bh where h is average thickness
T 16 - 333 mm c/c
Ce = 300
ment Details
Ce Ci
mm mm
300 300
TITLE : DRAINAGE BOX CULVERT DESIGN - CHECKING OF SLIDING AND BEARING PRESSURE TO BD 31/01 Designed : ESAM Date : 5-Aug-2019
SUBJECT : 2500 W x 2500 H x 1000 L DRAINAGE BOX-CULVERT WITHOUT DWF, FILL = 5000 mm Checked : Date : 5-Aug-2019
PROJECT : Cameron Highland Filename : Drainage-Boxculvert(BD31-01) Rev. : 1.1
DWTable
Wall thickness Tw = 0.350 m Ts = 350
Base slab thickness Tb = 0.350 m
Height of Dry weather flow Hdwf = 0.000 m
Width of Dry weather flow Wdwf = 0.000 m
3200
2500
Total external width We = 3.200 m
Total external height He = 3.200 m
He =
Hi =
Depth of fill Df = 5.000 m
Density of concrete gc = 25.00 kN/m³ Wdwf= 0
Density of soil gs = 19.00 kN/m³ Hdwf = 0 Lproj = 0 mm
Depth of Water Table from existing ground DWTable = 0.000 m below existing ground Tb = 350
Earth pressure coefficients K1 = 0.500 Max.
K2 = 0.330
Base projection from external face of wall, Lproj = 0m {Extra Length of base projection from external face of wall }
Vertical Load due to:- Culvert Self Weight (DL) = 99.75 kN {DL = Ts×gc×We + 2×Tw ×Hi×gc + Tb×gc×We + (Hdwf×Wi - Asector)×gc + 2×Lproj×Tb×gc }
Min. Superimposed Dead Load (SDL) = 304.00 kN {SDL = Df × gs × We + ( Df + He - Tb )×gs × Lproj×2 }
Max. Live Load (MLL) = 64.00 kN {MLL = LL × We }
Buoyancy = -317.50 kN ↑ {Buoyancy = 10 ×( He + Df - DWTable) ×( We + 2×Lproj )×gf3×gfL7 }
Total Vertical Load, Vtot = 150.25 kN downwards ↓, so no uplift!
Horizontal Load at LHS Due to Earth = 218.50 kN {Fsoil = ( qs1+ qs2 )/2×He ×gf3×gfL3 } ==> where K = 0.33
Due to Live Load Surcharge = 34.85 kN {Fsurcharge = qo ×He×gf3×gfL4 } ==> where K = 0.33
Due to Traction Force = 0.00 kN {Ffriction = Fh × gf3×gfL6 }
Total Horizontal force at LHS, PLHS = 253.34 kN →
Relieving Horizontal Earth Pressure at RHS, PRHS = 200.64 kN ← {PRHS = ( qs1+qs2)/2×He } ==> where Kr = 0.50 {See BD31/01 Clause 4.4.2 (c), but max. 1.5 }
Friction Due to DL, SDL, MLL & Buoyancy FR = 65.06 kN ← {FR = Vtot × 0.75× tan Φ' } where Φ' = 30.00 degree
Friction Due to Cohesion of Soil FS = 16.00 kN ← {FR = (We + 2×Lproj)× C1 } where C1 = 5.00 kN/m², C1 = soil cohesion
Total Horizontal force at RHS, PRHS + FR + FS = 281.70 kN ←
For Sliding, the following relationship shall be satisfied for the structure as a whole as per BD 31/01 Clause 4.4.2(c):-
(Traction + Disturbing Earth Pressure)×gf3×gfL < (Relieving Earth Pressure + Friction Force)
i.e. Total Horizontal force at LHS, PLHS < Total Horizontal force at RHS, P RHS + Friction Force FR
So 253.34 < 281.70 kN ==> So OK. Sliding Pass !
Maximum SDL
All loads are "nominal"
Df β = 1.15
βgsHsoil per m²
10.00 49.16 49.16
Z = 8.200 m
76.24 76.24
Live Load Surcharge Earth Pressure A Buoyancy Earth Pressure
LLSC Earth Earth
K = 0.50 K = 0.50 K = 0.50
Vertical Load due to:- Culvert Self Weight (DL) = 99.75 kN {DL = Ts×gc×We + 2×Tw ×Hi×gc + Tb×gc×We + (Hdwf×Wi - Asector)×gc + 2×Lproj×Tb×gc }
Max. Superimposed Dead Load (SDL) = 349.60 kN {SDL = Df × gs × β× We + ( Df + He - Tb )×gs × Lproj×2 }
Max. Live Load (MLL) = 64.00 kN {MLL = LL × We }
Buoyancy = -262.40 kN ↑ {Buoyancy = 10 ×( He + Df - DWTable) ×( We + 2×Lproj ) }
Therefore Total Vertical Load, Vtot = 250.95 kN downwards ↓, so no uplift!
Horizontal Load at LHS Due to Earth = 200.64 kN → {Fsoil1 = qs1×He + Fsoil2 = (qs2-qs1)×He /2 } ==> where K = 0.50
Due to Live Load Surcharge = 32.00 kN → {Fsurcharge = qo×He } ==> where K = 0.50
Horizontal Load at RHS Due to Earth = 200.64 kN ← {Psoil1 = qs1×He + Psoil2 = (qs2-qs1)×He /2 } ==> where K = 0.50
Minimum Bearing Pressure smin = 48.42 kN/m² { smin1 = 0 smin2 = Vtot / (We+2´Lproj) - 6´Vtot ´ abs(e) / (We+2´Lproj)² }
Allowable Bearing Pressure sallow = 200.00 kN/m²
Bearing Pressure Within Allowable, So OK!
SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE - CRACKING CHECK - (BS 5400, CL. 4.1.1.1)
BOTTOM
BOTTOM TOP OF TOP SLAB
Description UNIT SYMBOL
OF WALL WALL @ MIDSPAN
SLAB @
MIDSPAN
The serviceability limit state moment; MSLS = MSLS_Dead + MSLS_Live kNm/m MSLS = 90.78 82.39 77.57 83.75
Design serviceability moment per metre width - dead; kNm/m MSLS_Dead = 79.95 71.56 62.68 68.86
Design serviceability moment per metre width - live; kNm/m MSLS_Live = 10.83 10.83 14.89 14.89
Calculations assume a 1m width of slab mm b= 1000 1000 1000 1000
Slab depth; mm h= 350 350 350.00 350.00
Nominal cover to reinforcement; mm cnom = 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00
Characteristic strength of concrete; N/mm² fcu = 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00
Characteristic strength of reinforcement; N/mm² fy = 460.00 460.00 460.00 460.00
Diameter of shear reinforcement; mm Ldia = 0 0 12 0
Diameter of 1st layer main tension reinforcement; mm Ø1 = 16 16 16 16
1st layer Tension bar centres; mm s_T1 = 166.67 166.67 166.67 166.67
Diameter of 2nd layer main tension reinforcement; mm Ø2 = 16 0 16 0
2nd layer Tension bar spacing; mm s_T2 = 167 0 167 0
Cover to tension reinforcement; cten = cnom + Ldia mm cten = 35 35 47 35
Effective depth to tension reinforcement; d = h - cten - Ø /2 mm d= 291.00 307.00 279.00 307.00
Total area of tension reinforcement provided; mm²/m AsT = 2413 1206 2413 1206
MODULAR RATIO
Modulus of elasticity for reinforcement; kN/mm² Es = 200 200 200 200
Short term modulus of elasticity for concrete; Ecs = Ec_5400(fcu) kN/mm² Ecs = 28 28 28 28
Modulus for concrete; Ec = Ecs ´ (1- (0.5 ´ MSLS_Dead)/( MSLS_Dead + MSLS_Live )) kN/mm² Ec = 15.67 15.84 16.69 16.49
Modular ratio; m = Es / Ec m= 12.76 12.63 11.98 12.13
NEUTRAL AXIS POSITION
Solving for x gives the position of the neutral axis in the section:-
x = d ´ [ -1´Es´AsT/(Ec´b´d) + Ö( Es´AsT/(Ec´b´d) ´ (2+Es´AsT/(Ec´b´d)))] mm x= 106.57 82.67 101.36 81.28
Depth of concrete in compression; dc = x mm dc = 106.57 82.67 101.36 81.28
CONCRETE AND STEEL STRESSES
fc = 2 ´ MSLS / ( b ´ x ´ (d - x/3)) N/mm² fc = 6.67 7.13 6.24 7.36
Maximum concrete stress = 0.5 ´ fcu N/mm² 0.5 ´ fcu = 17.50 17.50 17.50 17.50
Check whether fc < 0.5fcu ? So OK ! So OK ! So OK ! So OK !
fst = MSLS / ( AsT ´ (d - x/3)) N/mm² fst = 147.28 244.40 131.11 248.02
Maximum steel stress = 0.75 ´ fy N/mm² 0.75 ´ fy = 345.00 345.00 345.00 345.00
Check whether fst < 0.75fy ? So OK ! So OK ! So OK ! So OK !
CONCRETE AND STEEL STRAINS
Strain in the reinforcement; es = fst / Es es = 736.4E-6 1.2E-3 655.6E-6 1.2E-3
Strain in the concrete at the level at which crack width is required mm; a' = h = 350 350 350 350
Level of crack; e1 = es ´ (a' - x)/(d - x) e1 = 972.0E-6 1.5E-3 917.6E-6 1.5E-3
em = min( e1, max(0, e1 - [ 3.8´b´h´(a' - dc)/(es´ AsT ´(h - dc))]´[(1 - Mq/Mg)´10-9 ])) em = 324.8E-6 690.6E-6 276.5E-6 779.6E-6
Distance from tension bar to crack; acr = Ö ((s_T1/2)²+(cten + Ø1/2)²)-Ø1/2 mm acr = 85.77 85.77 91.85 85.77
Allowable crackwidth mm CrackAllowable = 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25
Design crack width; Crack_design = 3´acr ´em /(1+2´(acr - cnom)/(h - dc)) mm Crack_design = 0.059 0.129 0.052 0.146