Janka Hardwood Scale invented in 1906 by Gabriel Janka {1864 - 1932}

Common/Trade Name******Botanical/Scientific Name******Janka Hardness

Balsa {Ochroma pyramidale} 88
Okoumé (Akoumé){Aucoumea klaineana} 240
Paulownia {Paulownia elongata} 250
Cottonwood {Populus balsamifera} 300
Cedar White Northern {Thuja occidentalis} 320
Aspen Quaking {Populus tremuloides} 350
Buckeye Yellow {Aesculus octandra} 350
Cedar Red Western {Thuja plicata} 350
Cedar White Atlantic {Chamaecyparis thyoides} 350
Cottonwood Black {Populus trichocarpa} 350
Willow Black {Salix nigra} 360
Pine Eastern White {Pinus strobus} 380
Pine Sugar {Pinus lambertiana} 380
Jelutong {Dyera costulata} 390
Spruce Engelmann {Picea engelmanni} 390
Cedar Central American {Cedrela mexicana} 400
Fir Balsam {Abies balsamea} 400
Basswood American {Tilia americana} 410
Aspen Bigtooth {Populus grandidentata} 420
Pine Western White {Pinus monticola} 420
Redwood Second Growth {Sequoia sempervirens} 420
Fir Pacific Silver {Abies amabilis} 430
Obeche {Triplochiton scleroxylon} 430
Pine Limber {Pinus flexilis} 430
Poplar (Eastern Cottonwood) {Populus deltoides} 430
Pine Ponderosa {Pinus ponderosa} 460
Fir White {Abies concolor} 480
Pine Lodgepole {Pinus contorta} 480
Redwood Old Growth {Sequoia sempervirens} 480
Spruce White {Picea glauca} 480
Butternut {Juglans cinerea} 490
Spruce Red {Picea rubra} 490
Hemlock Eastern {Tsuga Canadensis} 500
Fir Douglas Interior South {Pseudotsuga menziesii} 510
Spruce Sitka {Picea sitchensis} 510
Spruce Black {Picea mariana} 520
Guanacaste {Enterolobium cyclocarpum} 520
Chestnut American {Castanea dentata} 540
Hemlock Western {Tsuga heterophylla} 540
Poplar Yellow {Liriodendron tulipifera} 540
Catalpa Northern {Catalpa speciosa} 550
Pine Red {Pinus resinosa} 560
Cypress Bald {Taxcodium distichum} 570
Cedar, Yellow {Chamaecyparis nootkatensis} 580
Alder Red {Alnus rubra} 590
Tamarack {Larix laricina} 590
Cedar Spanish {Cedrela odorata} 600
Fir Douglas Interior North {Pseudotsuga menziesii} 600
Cedar Red Southern {Juniperus silicicola} 610
Sassafras {Sassafras albidum} 630
Sumac, Staghorn {Rhus typhina} 680
Silver Maple {Acer saccharimum} 700
Ponderosa Pine {Pinus ponderosa} 720
Box Elder {Acer negundo} 720
Camphor Laurel {Cinnamomum camphora} 730 or 930
Birch Gray {Betula populifolia} 760
Sycamore {Platanus occidentalis} 770
Honduran Mahagony {Swietenia humilis} 800
Tupelo Black {Nyssa sylvatica} 810
American Elm {Ulmus Americana} 830
African Mahogany {Khaya Ivorensis} 840
Ash, Black {Fraxinus nigra} 850
Maple Bigleaf {Acer macrophyllum} 850
Sweet Gum (Red){Liquidambar styraciflua} 850
Tupelo Water {Nyssa aquatica} 880
Hackberry {Celtis occidentalis} 880
Aromatic (Red) Cedar {Juniperus Virginiana} 900
American White Birch {Betula papyrifera} 910
Red Maple {Acer rubrum} 950
Black Cherry {Prunus serotina} 950
Imbuya {Phoebe porosa} 950
Walnut Black American {Juglans nigra} 1010
Magnolia Southern {Magnolia grandiflora} 1020
Holly American {Ilex opaca} 1020
Oak Southern Red {Quercus falcata} 1060
Teak {Tectona grandis} (Common Teak) 1070
Buckthorn Glossy European {Rhamnus frangula} 1120
Rosewood Cocobolo {Dalbergia retusa} 1140
Narra {Pterocarpus indicus} 1200
Oak Black {Quercus velutina} 1210
Pearwood European {Pyrus communis} 1220
Redheart {Erythroxylon mexicanum} 1220
Birch, yellow {Betula alleghaniensis} 1260
Laurel, California (Myrtle) {Umbellularia californica} 1270
Mansonia {Mansonia altissima} 1290
Oak Northern Red {Quercus rubra} 1290
Beech, American {Fagus grandifolia} 1300
Oak English Brown {Quercus petraea} 1320
Ash White {Fraxinus americana} 1320
Blue Mahoe {Hibiscus elatus} 1330
Oak White {Quercus alba} 1360
Monkey Pod {Samanea saman} 1370
Kentucky Coffee-tree {Gymnocladus dioicus} 1390
Maple Hard (Sugar){Acer saccharum} 1450
Madrone Pacific {Arbutus menziesii} 1460
Manzanita {Arbutus menziesii} 1460
Pau Marfim {Balfourodendron riedelianum} 1500
Koa 1551
Olivewood, European, Bethlehem {Olea europaea} 1520
Locust Honey {Gleditsia triacanthos} 1580
Yew, Pacific {Taxus brevifolia} 1600
Vermillion (Padauk Andaman) {Pterocarpus dalbergioides} 1630
Wenge {Milletia laurentii} 1630
Zebrawood {Microberlina brazzavillensisl} 1660
Sandalwood {Santalum album} 1680
Locust Black {Robinia pseudoacacia} 1700
Apple {Malus sylvestris} 1730 or 1480
Rosewood Bolivian {Machaerium sclieroxylon} 1780
Hornbeam, American {Carpinus caroliniana} 1780
Rosewood Kingwood {Dalbergia cearensis} 1800
Rosewood Kingwood Mexican {Dalbergia congestiflora} 1800
Pecan, Hickory {Carya illinoensis} 1820
Hop-hornbeam, Eastern {Ostrya virginiana} 1860
Purpleheart {Peltogyne spp.}1860*
Jarrah {Eucalyptus marginata} 1910
Lemonwood {Calycophyllum candidissimum} 1940
Bubinga {Guibourtia demeusei} 1980
Osage Orange {Maclura pomifera} 2040 (green)
Bocote {Cordia gerascanthus} 2200
Ziricote {Cordia dodecandra} 2200
Persimmon {Diospyros virginiana} 2300
Bois D'Arc (Osage Orange){Maclura pomifera} 2320 (dry)
Pink Ivory Wood {Rhamnus zeyheri} 2320? Or 995
Mesquite {Prosopis glandulosa} 2340
Tulipwood Brazilian {Dalbergia decipularis} 2500
Rosewood, Brazilian {Dalbergia nigra} 2720
Boxwood {Buxus sempervirens} 2730
Olive, East African {Olea hochstetteri} 2740
Amaranth (Violetwood) {Peltogyne paniculata} 2890
Blackwood African {Dalbergia melanoxylon} 2940
Ebony African {Dalbergia melanoxylon} 2940
Sonoran Desert Ironwood {Olneya tesota} 3080
Rosewood, Indian {Dalbergia latifolia} 3170
Beefwood {Manilkara bidentata} 3190
Ebony Gaboon {Diospyrus crassiflora} 3220
Ebony Macassar {Diospyrus celebica} 3250
Rosewood Kingwood {Dalbergia cearensis} 3340
Ipe {Tabebula serratifolia} 3680
Verawood {Bulnesia arborea} 4000
Lignum Vitae {Guaiacum officinale or sanctum} 4500