A P R A C T I C ACLU I D EF O R

TRANSLATION
SKILL
 LanggengBudianto
AanE. Fardhani

A P R A C T I C ACLU I D EF O R
TRANSLATION
SKILL

U I N - M A L I KPI R E S S
20'10
 L U I D E F O R T R A N S L A T I O NS K I L L
A P R A C T T C AC Preface
[ a n g g e n gB u d i a n t o
Aan E.Fardhani

O 2 0 1 0 ,U I N - M a l i kPi r e s s
A practical guide for translation skill is wriften to accomodate
the
All right reserved rrniversitystudent'sneed of translation skill. The necessity
motivated
the author ro write such kind of book which is assumed
No partof thispublicationmay be reproduced, storedin a retrieval tt be abte ro
rrrakeavailable the source of translation subject for
s y s t e mt,r a n s m i t t e d o r u t i l i z e di n a n y f o r m or by any means, student o,
who is interestedin translation. ".,yo.r.
electronic,mechan ical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,without
The material of this book is constructed from materialstaken
f
p e r r n i s s i oi nnw r i t i n g r o m t h e p u b l i s h e r s . from
different sourceson translation and combined by the ideas
"me of
'rrrthor's personal experiences in teaching translation
class.The
Author Langgeng Budianto lr..k entitled A PMCTICAL GUIDE FoR TRANSLATION
sKILL is
Aan E. Fardhani rrrtendedto give an overview of translation skiil and
practicei., tr^.rr-
Editor Adiloka l.rting.This is an introductory textbook of translation.
Layouter M. lmam Bisri Chapters in this book are divided into theories of translation
DesignCover RobaitUsman 'r.d-exercisesofpractice. chapter one up to chapter
elevenconsistof
r hc fundamenralconcept of translation, transration
principles and trans-
U M P1 0 0 5 4 l'rrr()nprocedures.The last chapterpresentstranslation
exercises.
F i r sP d :k t o b e 2r 0 1 0
t u b l i s h eO FinallS the author hopesthis book can give contribution
to the
i('.lnlcr who wants to study translation subject.
|5BN 978-602-9s8-313-7

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 Table of Contents

Preface....... v
Table of Contens vii
CHAPTERI 1
1
I

A. What is Translation 1
B. TranslationConcept A
a

C. Characteristic........... 6
D. Typesof Translation.................. n

CHAPTERII ................... 13
TRANSLANON, INTERPRETATIONAND TRANS
FORMATTON ................. 13
A. Translation.............. 13
B. Interpretation 74
C. Transformation 14

CHAPTERIII t7
I'RANSLATIONPROCEDURES,STRATEGIE'ANDMETHOD 77
A T r a n s l a t i o nP r o c e d u r e s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17
1 , . l l a n s l a t i o nS t r a t e g i e s 22
( Translation Method .. 26

CHAPTERIV 27
I I{ANSLATIONPROCESS .................. 27
,,\.TranslationProcess 28
11 I)eepStructureand SurfaceStructureRelationship.......... J U
t 'l'echnicalDevicesin DeepStructure Jt
I I I'echnicalDevicesin SrrrfaceStructure -.4
J1+
 37 CHAPTERX /-)
CHAPTERV
37 LANGUAGEANDCT.JLruRE
THECONCEPTOFMEANINC ,/J

37 A. C u l t u r e a n d T r a n s l a t i o n. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 73
A. Lexical Meaning
38 B. Linguistic Relativity 74
B. Grammatical or Structural Meaning
40 C. Linguistic Relativity and Relative Thought patterns........ 75
C. Textual Meaning
40 D. Cultural Relativity and Linguistic Relativity....................7 .g
D. Contextual or Situational Meaning
E . S o c i o - C u l t u r aM
l eaning..'.'.........'. 42
CHAPTERXI 81
CHAPTERVI 43 TRANSLATING PRONOUNSAND PROPERNAMES 81
FORMANDMEANING 43 81
43 B. Proper Names 87
A. Meaning and Shadesof Meaning
B. The Conceptof Form and Meaning..-.'..-....."'.' 44
48 CHAPTERXII 89
C. Form and Meaning............-....-
D. KindofMeaning 51 TRANSLATION EXERCISES 89
TRANSLATION ON WORK 115
CHAPTERVII ................... 57
BIBTTOGRAPHY 't27
MEANINGADIIJSTMENT 57 ABOUT THE AUTHOR 131
A. Adiustment On Textual Meaning 57
B. Adiustment On SituationalMeaning 58
C. Adjustment On Socio-CulturalMeaning 59
D. Adjustment On Social FormulasMeaning 60

CHAPTERVIII ................. 53

TRANSLATIONEQUTVALENCE 63
A. Typesof Equivalence....'............ 63
B. The Principlesof FormalEquivalence and Dynamic
Equivalence 64

cHAPTERIX .................. 69

GRAMMATICAL AND LE)OCALEQUIVALENCE 69

A. Grammar Equivalence .......-...-.... 69
B. Lexical Equivalence 7l
 CHAPTER
I

TRANSLATION

Different experts in translation propose different definitions.

The definitions reflect the experts' points of view on the nature
of translation. To acquire translation skill, one must know about
at least two languages, which are used in the process of trans-
ferring the messagefrom a source language (SL) into a target
language (TL. The followings are presented some definitions
on translation.

A. What is Translation
Nida and Taber (1982:72) say that translating consists in
reproducing in the receptor language the closestnatural equiva-
lence of a source language message,firsly in terms of meaning
and secondly in terms of style. In addition, Wills (7982:172)says
that translation is a procedure which leads from a written source
language text to an optimally equivalent target language text
and require the syntactic, semantic, stylistic, and text pragmatic
comprehension by the translator of the original text.
Catford (1980:20)proposes that "translation is the replace-
ment of textual material in one language by equivalent textual
material in another language". In this definition, there are two
l,'rical itcrnsto pav attt'ntionto, namell, "tertrr.rlmatt'ri.rl".rnrl
"equivalent". Textual material refers to the fact that not all source
language texts are translated or replaced by the target language
equivalents. The term "equivalent' is clearly a key term and the
translator should find the "equivalent"'between the source lan-
guage and the target language. Sc, the central problem of trans-
lation practice, from this statement is to find target language
translation equivalents.Although in this definition meaning is
not mentioned, "the equivalent textual material" is stated. The
phrase "equivalent textual material", however, can be mislead-