FILIPINO

JULIAN FELIPE- Composer of the Philippine National Hymn.

MANUEL GUERRERO- Filipino doctor who discovered Tiki-Tiki.

PEDRO BUCANEG- The earliest Ilocano poet on record.

DEL SUPERIOR GOBIERNO- First Newspaper in the Philippines.

ANAHAW- The National Leaf of the Philippines.

JOSE PALMA- Filipino poet who set words to the National Hymn.

APARTHEID- complete segregation of white from black.

AGUSTINIAN CHURCH- First church in the Philippines.

TAGAILOG- Pen name of Antonio Luna.

PINEAPPLE- The newest source of alcohol in the Philippines.

KOHAUTEK- comet of the century

SINTAKS/SINTAKSIS/PALAUGNAYAN - sangay ng barirala na tumatalakay sa

masistemang pagkaka-ayus-ayos ng mga salita sa pagbuo ng mga parirala at

pangungusap

PEN NAMES OF FILIPINO PROTAGONISTS

ANDRES BONIFACIO – May Pag-asa, Agapito, Bagumbayan

ANTONIO LUNA – Taga-Ilog

EMILIO AGUINALDO - Magdalo

EMILIO JACINTO – Di Masilaw, Tingkian

GRACIANO LOPEz JAENA – Diego, Laura

JOSEMA. PANGANIBAN ¬– JoMaPa

JOSE RIZAL – Dimas alang, Laon laan

 JUAN LUNA – Buan

MARCELO DEL PILAR – Plaridel, Dolores Manapat, Piping Dilat

MARIANO PONCE – Tikbalang, Naning, (Satanas), Kalipulako

MGA URI NG PANGUNGUSAP:

1. EKSISTENSYAL – mayroong isa o higit pang tao

Halimbawa: Mayroon daw puno sa bakuran.

2. MODAL – nais/pwede/maari (Gusto ko matulog.)

3. PANLIPUNAN – pagbati, pagbigay galang atbp.

4. SAGOT LAMANG – “Talaga?”, “Oo”

5. SAMBITLA – masidhing damdamin (Aray!)

6. TEMPORAL – panandaliang kalagayan o panahon

KAYARIAN:

1. PAYAK – iisang kaisipan

2. TAMBALAN – dalawang sugnay na ‘di makapag-iisa

3. HUGNAYAN – madalas nagsisimula sa kung, dahil sa

4. LANGKAPAN – mahabang pangungusap

Quijano de manila- pen name of Nick Joaquin

Mark twain- pen name of samuel clemens

Pedro Bukaneg- father of ilokano literature

Lola basyang- pen name of severino reyes

Manila bulletin- oldest existing newspaper in the country.

Jose corazon de jesus- father of tagalog poetry

Alejandro Abadilla- father of modern tagalog poetry

Noli me tangere- rizals literary crowning achievement

Mahabharata- longest epic in the world

Alibata- first filipino alphabet

Kundiman- song about love

Ambition- cause of Macbeth's tragic end

Steven javellana- author " Without seeing the dawn

Paz m. Benitez- author " dead stars

Ares- god of war

Stratosphere- layer of the ozone

Food web- system of food chain

Sahara desert- largest ecosystem

Skin- largest organ

Dinoflagellates- cause red tide

Philippines- ring of fire

Type O- universal donor

Teoryang pooh- pooh- tunog mula sa silakbo ng damdamin

Teoryang bow wow- tunog mula sa likha ng kalikasan

Scanning- pahapyaw na pagbas

Skimming- pinakamabilis na pagbasa

Francisco lopez- sumulat ng unang balarilang ilokano

Mariano perfecto- ama ng panitikang bisaya

Santiago magean- ama ng moro-moro sa pangasinan

Jorge fajardo- ama ng panitikang pampango

 Eriberto gumban- ama ng panitikang bisaya

Pascual poblete- ama ng pahayagan, unang nagsalin ng noli sa tagalog

Amado hernandez- makata ng mga manggagawa

Graciano lopez jaena- fray botod

Liwayway arceo- uhaw ang tigang na lupa

Narciso reyes- lupang tinubuan

Severino reyes- walang sugat

Lope k. Santos- banaag at sikat

Zoilo galang- a child of sorrow

Aurelio tolentino- kahapon, ngaun at bukas

UST- pinakamatandang university

Monalisa- most famous work of art of leonardo da vinci

SOME TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS

1. COMMUNIST – classless society - State plans and controls economy

2. PARLIAMENTARY – majority of people voted

3. REPUBLICAN – power comes from people

PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS

(AgQueLaOsRoQuiMagGarMaMarAquiRaEsArAquiDut)

ACTS

1. ASSOCIATION OF SE ASIAN NATIONS (ASEAN)

- Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Brunei, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia,

Vietnam, Malaysia

2. BELL TRADE (PHILIPPINE TRADE ACT) – bet. Phil. & U.S.

3. KYOTO PROTOCOL (UNNCC) - fight global warming decreasing greenhouse gases

4. RIO DE JANEIRO CONVENTION - environment and sustainable development

5. TEJEROS CONVENTION – election - Bonifacio elected as Director Imperator

6. TREATY ON GENERAL RELATIONS - recognition of U.S. to Philippine freedom

7. UNDERWORLD-SIMMONS ACT – full free foreign trade

8. PAYNE ALDRICH ACT – partial free foreign trade

MISSIONARIES AND EXPEDITIONS

1. AUGUSTINIANS – most intelligent

2. FRANCISCANIANS – sends medical aids

3. DOMINICANS – richest

4. JESUITS

5. RECOLETOS – most killed schools

MARTYR PRIESTS

1. BURGOS – youngest, mastermind of secularization

2. GOMEZ – Oldest, likes “sabong” and hid there.

FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION

● John Locke was an English philosopher and physician "Father of Liberalism" ; to

form character (mental, physical, and moral) ; Education as Training of the mind/Formal

discipline ; Notable ideas - "Tabula rasa"

● Francis Bacon was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator and

author. "Father of scientific method" "Father of empiricism"

● Jean Jacques Rousseau was a Francophone Genevan philosopher, writer and

composer of the 18th century."Hollistic education"(physical,moral, intellectual)

Notable ideas - moral simplicity of humanity; child centered learning; Famous novel:

"Emile" or On Education; Human Development

● Edgar Dale was an American educator who developed the "Cone of Experience"

aka "Father of Modern Media in Education"

● Erik Erikson was a German-born American developmental psychologist and

psychoanalyst known for his theory on "psychosocial development" of human beings.

● Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi was a swiss pedagogue and educational reformer who

exemplified Romanticism in his approach. "Social regeneration of humanity" Notable

ideas: "Four-sphere concept of life" his motto was " Learning by head, hand and heart"
● Friedrich Frobel was a German pedagogue a student of Pestalozzi who laid the

"foundation of modern education" based on the recognition that children have unique

needs and capabilities. "Father of kindergarten"

● Johann Herbart was a German philosopher, psychologist and founder of pedagogy

as an academic discipline. ;

● Edward Lee Thorndike was an American psychologist ; " Father of Modern

educational psychology; connectionism; law of effect. ; "Realize the fullest satisfaction of

human wants"

PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION

● IDEALISM Plato (own ideas) nothing exist except in the mind of a man/ what we

want the world to be

● REALISM Aristotle;Herbart; Comenius; Pestalozzi; Montessori; Hobbes; Bacon;

Locke

(experience) fully mastery of knowledge

● BEHAVIORISM always guided by standards/by procedure; purpose is to modify the

behavior
● EXISTENTIALISM Kierkegaard; Sartre; "Man shapes his being as he lives"

Focuses on self/individual

● PRAGMATISM/EXPERIMENTALISM William James; John Dewey - learn from

experiences through interaction to the environment

Emphasizes the needs and interests of the children

● PERENNIALISM Robert Hutchins

focuses on unchanging/universal truths

● ESSENTIALISM William Bagley - teaching the basic/essential knowledge

Focuses on basic skills and knowledge

● PROGRESSIVISM Dewey/Pestalozzi (process of development)

focuses on the whole child and the cultivation of individuality

● CONSTRUCTIVISM Jean Piaget

Focused on how humans make meaning in relation to the interaction b/w their

experiences and their ideas. Nature of knowledge w/c represents an epistemological

stance.

● SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIONISM George Counts - recognized that education was

the means of preparing people for creating his new social order
 highlights social reform as the aim of education

ACCULTURATION - learning other culture; the passing of customs, beliefs and

tradition through interaction and reading.

ENCULTURATION - the passing of group's custom, beliefs and traditions from one

generation to the next generation

Convergent questions - are those that typically have one correct answer.

Divergent questions - also called open-ended questions are used to encourage many

answers and generate greater participation of students. Higher order thinking skills; to

think more creatively.

90 days - enrolled bills becomes a law

30 days - "lapse"

PRINCIPLES & THEORIES OF LEARNING & MOTIVATION

● Psychosexual Theory/Psychoanalysis - Sigmund Freud

● Psychosocial Theory - Erik Erikson's Theory of Personality

● Ecological Theory - Eric Brofenbrenner's Theory of Development

● Sociohistoric Cognitive Linguistic Theory - Lev Semanovich Vygotsky

● Cognitive Development - Jean Piaget; John Dewey; Jerome Brunner

● Phenomenology - Abraham Maslow; Carl Rogers; Louis Raths

● Behaviorism - Edward Thorndike; Ivan Pavlov; Burrhus Frederick Skinner

● Moral Development - Lawrence Kohlberg

● Ivan Pavlov - classical conditioning

● Edward Thorndike - connectionism

● B.F. Skinner - operant conditioning & reinforcement

● Albert Bandura - "bobo doll" experiment; modelling; self eficacy

● David Ausubel - Meaningful Reception Theory

● Jerome Bruner - Discovery Learning Theory/Inquiry method

● Wolfgang Kohler's - Insight Learning Problem

● Richard Atkinson & Richard Shiffrin's - Information Processing Theory

● Robert Gagne's - Cumulative Learning Theory

● Howard Gardner - Multiple Intelligence

● Kurt Lewin's - Field Theory/ his concept of life space

● Brofenbrenner's - Ecological System Theory

● Lev Vygotsky - Social Constructivism; Zond of Proximal Development (ZPD) * gap b/w

actual and potential development

● Hilda Taba - Grassroots Approach

● Max Wertheimer - Gestalt Psychology

● Wilhe

● Wilhelm Wundt - "Father of Modern Psychology"

● William James - wrote the "Principles of psychology"/ consciousness

● hypothalamus - brain's stress center

● Abraham Maslow - physiological needs; "Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs" ;

safety&security; love & belongingness; self-esteem; self-actualization

● John B. Watson - (behaviorist approach) an American psychologist who established

the psychological school of behaviorism.

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

● Metaphor - is a comparison made b/w things w/c are essentially not alike.

Ex: "Nobody invites Edward to parties because He is a wet blanket"

● Simile - is like a metaphor and often uses the words "like" or "as"

Ex: "Jamie runs as fast as the wind"

● Personification - when something that is not human is given human-like qualities, this

is known as personification.

Ex: " The leaves danced in the wind on the cold October afternoon"

● Hyperbole - exaggerating, often in a humorous way to make a particular point is

known as hyperbole.

Ex: "My eyes widened at the sight of the mile-high ice cream cones we we're having for

dessert"
● Onomatopoeia - when you name an action by imitating the sound associated with it.

Ex: "The bees buzz angrily when their hive is disturbed"

● Idiom - an idiom is an expression used by a particular group of people with a meaning

that is only known through common use.

Ex: "I'm just waiting for him to kick the bucket."

● Synecdoche - a synecdoche is a figure of speech using a word/words that are a part

to represent a whole.

Ex: referring to credit cards as "plastic" is a synecdoche

● Assonance - when you repeat a vowel sound in a phrase, it is an assonance.

Ex: "It's true, I do like Sue."

● Metonymy - a metonymy is a figure of speech where one thing is replaced w/a word

that is closely associated with it such as using "Washington" to refer to the United

States
REPUBLIC ACTS

● RA 7836 - Philippine Teacher Professionalization Act of 1994

● RA 7796 - TESDA Act of 1994

● Article XIV 1987 Philippine Constitution (Educ.Sci & Tech,Arts,Culture& Sports) this

is the very fundamental legal basis of education in thr philippines.

● Education Act of 1982 (Batas Pambansa 232, Sept 11,1982) an Act providing for

the Establishment & Maintenance of an Integrated System of Education

● RA 4670 - Magna Carta for Public School Teachers (June 18,1966)

● RA 6713 - Code of Conduct & Ethical Standards For Public Officials and

Employees

● RA 7877 - Anti-sexual Harrassment Act of 1995

● RA 9155 - Decentralization; Legal basis of Shared Governance in Basic Education

● RA 7784 - Establishment of Center of Excellence

● K-12 Curriculum - Enhanced Basic Education Curriculum

● RA 90210 - "An Act to Integrate Information Teachnology into the Public

Elementary & Secondary Curricula & Appropriating funds

● RA 10121 - DRMM approval headed by OCO office of Civil defense May 2010
LITERATURE

● Folklore - traditionally derived and orally transmitted literature

● Folktales - reflect the people's beliefs handed down from generation to generation by

word of mouth

● Epilogue - conclusion or final part of non-dramatic literary work

● Genre - distinctive type of literary composition such as epic, tragedy, comedy & novel

● "Quo Vadis" - means "where are you going"

● hieroglyphics - oldest forn of egyptian writing

● Allegory - narrative whose meaning is beneath the surface

● Elegy - a meditated poem of grief

● Sonnet - verse w/14 iambic pentameter lines

● Epic - long poem w/c depicts the adventure of a great hero who reveals his country's

aspirations; narrates heroic deeds and supernatural happenings w/local actor in w/c

people sing/chant

● Soliloquy - speech made by a person who reveals his thoughts

● Manuel Arcilla - "How my brother Leon brought home a wife"

● Washington Irving - "The Legend of a Sleepy Hollow"

● Fall of the house of usher - hypochondriac living in morbid fear

● Cyrano de Bergerac - poet & soldier noted for his Peculiar nose

● "The Illiad of Homer" - great epic poem whose plot centers around the anger & wrath

of Achilles against agamemnon

● "The Bells" - "If eyes are made for seeing, then beauty is its own excuse for being"
● Cacophony - literary term w/c means harsh & discordant sounds introduced for poetic

effect

● George Bernard Shaw - know for his excellence of characterization, swiftness of

narrative & clarity of style.

● Edgar Allan Poe - greatest American writer of horror and detective stories

● Rabindranath Tagore - best known for his collection of poems called Gitanjali/song

offerings

● Robert Frost - ranked as one of the best modern American poets.

● Geoffrey Chaucer - Morning Star of English Literature

● Mark Twain - "Samuel Clemens"

● Harriet Stowe - "Uncle Tom's Cabin"

● Charles Darwin - Origin of species

● Lazlo Biro - invented the ball point pen

● Harry Potter - epic kind of story

VOCABULARY

Emulate imitate

Vouchsafe grant

Abeyance suspended

Denigrate malign

Furtive sneaky

Remonstrate protest

Corroborate confirm
Gullible easily deceived

Germane relevant

Plebeian common

Vulpine cunning

Spendthrift spender

Impolitic unwise

Terse concise

Parsimonious stingy

Stupefy make numb

Pariah outcast

Wizened shrivelled

Dubious doubtful

Incriminates accuse

Frivolous worthless

Susceptible inclined

Impertinent irrelevant

Ostracized excluded

Conglomeration diffusion

Cacophonous loud and unpleasant

Carnal worldly

Aplomb composure

Candor honesty

Contemptuous scornful
Feeble weak

Inevitable certain
FILIPINO

● Ang panubong - handog sa dalagang may kaarawan (koronang bulaklak)

● Florante at Laura - (awit) "katiwalian ng mga kastila"

● Jose dela Cruz - tungkod ng tulang tagalog

● Noli Me Tangere - (Rizal) suliraning panlipunan ng bayan

● "Doktrina Kristiyana" - Fr. Domingo de Nieva unang aklat na nalimbag sa pilipinas

● Severino Reyes - Ama ng dulaang tagalog

● Juan Luna - La Spolarium

● "Alim" - pinakamatandang epiko ng pilipinas

● Jose Palma - naglikha ng "Himno Nacional Filipino"

● Liwayway - nabigyan ng pagpapahalaga ang sariling wika

● Lope K.Santos - "Ama ng balarila ng pilipino"

● Andres Bonifacio - "anak bayan"

● Pupdok/Kinting kulirat - hindi kailanman ginamit ni Marcelo del Pilar

● Teodoro Agoncillo - isang kilalang manunulat ng kasaysayan

● Manuel Quezon - Ama ng Wikang Pambansa

● Constancio de Guzman - lumikha ng awit na "Ang Bayan Ko"

● Pascual Poblete - Ama ng pahayagang tagalog

these are famous Literary Personalities found in the LET exam.

Gen.Ed English

1. Geoffrey Chaucer-Canterbury Tales

2. Dante Alighieri- The Divine comedy

3. Victor Hugo- Hunchback of Notre Dame/Les Miserables

4. Herman Hesse- Siddhartha

5. Charles Dickens- Tale of two cities

6. Emily Bronte- Wuthering Heights

7. Virginia Wolf- Mrs. Dalloway

8. D. H. Lawrence- Sons and Lovers

9. Isabel Allende- House of the Spirits

10. Gabriel Garcia Marquez- One hundred years of Solitude.

11. Oscar Wilde- The picture of Dorian Gray

12. William Shakespeare- Romeo and Juliet

13. Frank Mc. Court-Angela's Ashes

14. Toni Morrison- Sula

15. Edith Wharton- The Age of Innocence

16. Robert Frost- The road not taken

17. Jane Austen- Emma

18. Jose Rizal- Noli Me Tangere

19. Chinua Achebe - Things Fall apart

20. Fyodor Dostoyevsky- Crime and Punishment

21. Rudyard Kipling-The Jungle Book

22. H.G. Wells- War of the worlds

23. William Golding- Lord of the flies

24. John Steinbeck- The Pearl

25. George Orwell- Animal farm

26. Edgar Allan Poe- Annabel Lee

27. Homer-Illiad and Oddesey

28. Plato- The Republic

29. Pearl S. Buck- Satan Never sleeps

30. Amy Tan- Joy Luck Club

Referrence: MET REVIEW LET SPECIALIST

NCBTS oriented( National Competency Based Teacher Standard.