Pre – Calculus

I. Objectives:

At the end of the lesson the student will be able to:

1. Define a circle.
2. Write the standard form of the equation of a circle given the radius and center.

II. Subject Matter:

Circles
Reference: Pre-Calculus Ninth Edition, Michael Sullivan, pp. 34-38
Materials: Visual Aids

III. Learning Experience:

A. Preparatory Activity:

1. Drill:

Let the students give the values of the following:

1. √4 2. √9 3. √16

Answers:
1. √4 = ±2 2. √9 = ±3 3. √16 = ±4

2. Review:

Let the student find the distance of the points 𝑃1 (𝟏, 𝟑) and 𝑃2 (𝟓, 𝟔)

Solution:
𝒅 = √(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 )𝟐 + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 )𝟐
𝒅 = √(𝟓 − 𝟏)𝟐 + (𝟔 − 𝟑)𝟐
𝒅 = √(𝟒)𝟐 + (𝟑)𝟐
𝒅 = √𝟏𝟔 + 𝟗
𝒅 = √𝟐𝟓
𝒅=𝟓

B. Developmental Activities:

1. Motivation

The study of the circle goes back beyond recorded history. The invention of
the wheel is a fundamental discovery of properties of a circle. But, why is that a
circle is being drawn as a round shape? This question will lead us to our topic
CIRCLES.
2. Presentation

A circle is the set of all points in a plane that are

equidistant from a fixed point, called the center.
The fixed distance from the center to any point on
the circle is called the radius.

To find the equation of the circle we will used two

points, the center (𝒉, 𝒌) and a point (𝒙, 𝒚) that lies
on the circle. The distance between the two points
is the radius 𝒓. That is by the distance formula

𝒅 = √(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 )𝟐 + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 )𝟐

𝒓 = √(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐

Or

√(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓

Then, square both sides of the equation,

𝟐
(√(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 ) = (𝒓)𝟐

Respectively, we will get,

(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐

which is also the standard form of an equation of a circle, with radius 𝒓 and
center (𝒉, 𝒌)

3. Practice Exercise

1. Write the standard form of the equation of the circle with radius 𝟓 and center
(−𝟑, 𝟔)
Solution:
Using the formula of the standard form of a circle we will substitute the values
of 𝒓 = 𝟓, 𝒉 = −𝟑 and 𝒌 = 𝟔

(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐
𝟐
(𝒙 − (−𝟑)) + (𝒚 − 𝟔)𝟐 = (𝟓)𝟐

(𝒙 + 𝟑)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟔)𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓

2. Write the standard form of the equation of the circle with radius 𝟒√𝟐 and
center (𝟐, 𝟕)
Solution:
Using the formula of the standard form of a circle we will substitute the values
of 𝒓 = 𝟒, 𝒉 = 𝟐 and 𝒌 = 𝟕
 (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐
𝟐
(𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟕)𝟐 = (𝟒√𝟐)

(𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟕)𝟐 = 𝟑𝟐

4. Generalization

What is a circle?

Answer:

A circle is the set of all points in a plane that are equidistant from a fixed point,
called the center. The fixed distance from the center to any point on the circle is
called the radius.

5. Application

1. Given the equation of the circle

(𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟒)𝟐 = 𝟗

What is the center and the radius?

Solution:

Form the equation into (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 by providing the

operation similar to the formula by manipulating the equation.

(𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟒)𝟐 = 𝟗
𝟐
(𝒙 − (−𝟐)) + (𝒚 − 𝟒)𝟐 = (𝟑)𝟐

Thus, the center of the circle is (−𝟐, 𝟒) and the radius is 𝟑

2. Given the equation of the circle

(𝒙 + 𝟓)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟑)𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔

What is the center and the radius?

Solution:

Form the equation into (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 by providing the

operation similar to the formula by manipulating the equation.

(𝒙 + 𝟓)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟑)𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔
𝟐 𝟐
(𝒙 − (−𝟓)) + (𝒚 − (−𝟑)) = (𝟔)𝟐

Thus, the center of the circle is (−𝟓, −𝟑) and the radius is 𝟔
IV. Evaluation

1. Write the standard form of the equation of the circle with radius 𝟓 and center (−𝟐, 𝟑)
2. Write the standard form of the equation of the circle with radius 𝟐√𝟐 and center
(𝟔, −𝟏)
3. Write the standard form of the equation of the circle with radius 𝟑√𝟑 and center
(−𝟓, −𝟒)
4. Define a circle.

Solution:

1. Using the formula of the standard form of a circle we will substitute the values of 𝒓 =
𝟓, 𝒉 = −𝟐 and 𝒌 = 𝟑

(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐
𝟐
(𝒙 − (−𝟐)) + (𝒚 − 𝟑)𝟐 = (𝟓)𝟐

(𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟑)𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓

2. Using the formula of the standard form of a circle we will substitute the values of 𝒓 =
𝟐√𝟐, 𝒉 = 𝟔 and 𝒌 = −𝟏

(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
(𝒙 − 𝟔)𝟐 + (𝒚 − (−𝟏)) = (𝟐√𝟐)

(𝒙 − 𝟔)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟏)𝟐 = 𝟖

3. Using the formula of the standard form of a circle we will substitute the values of 𝒓 =
𝟑√𝟑, 𝒉 = −𝟓 and 𝒌 = −𝟒

(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
(𝒙 − (−𝟓)) + (𝒚 − (−𝟒)) = (𝟑√𝟑)

(𝒙 + 𝟓)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟒)𝟐 = 𝟐𝟕

4. A circle is the set of all points in a plane that are equidistant from a fixed point, called
the center. The fixed distance from the center to any point on the circle is called the
radius.

V. Assignment
1. Why the shape of a circle is round?
2. Given the equation of the circle

(𝒙 + 𝟒)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟕)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐

What is the center and the radius?

Solution:
 1. The shape of a circle is round because the definition of a circle is points that are
equidistant from the center. If we are going to trace all the points that are
equidistant from a fixed point, we can form a round shape.

2. Form the equation into (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 by providing the operation

similar to the formula by manipulating the equation.

(𝒙 + 𝟒)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟕)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
(𝒙 − (−𝟒)) + (𝒚 − (−𝟕)) = (√𝟏𝟐)
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
(𝒙 − (−𝟒)) + (𝒚 − (−𝟕)) = (√𝟒 ∙ 𝟑)
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
(𝒙 − (−𝟒)) + (𝒚 − (−𝟕)) = (𝟐√𝟑)

Thus, the center of the circle is (−𝟒, −𝟕) and the radius is 𝟐√𝟑

Prepared by: DEVINE G. CAGADAS