Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Arranged by
Team 3
MEDAN
2018/2019
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Because of that, the writers would like study the proverbs between English and
Simalungun to get the similarities and the differences . so, the writers want to analyze both of
them
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCH
1. To identify the similarities and the differences between English and Simalungun in
proverbs
1. What are the differences and similarities between English and Simalungun in proverbs
The discussion is limited on the analysis of proverbs between English and Simalungun.
The writers tend to limit this research is focused on THE CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS
BETWEEN ENGLISH AND SIMALUNGUN IN PROVERBS.
1. The readers
It will improve their knowledge about proverb, especially for batak simalungun (culture)
CHAPTER II
RIVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
The topic of this research is related to the concept of contrastive analysis. Therefore, the
writers think that it is necessary to define what contrastive analysis is
The various definition about contrastive analysis which is presented by some experts.
Namely, According to Sri Hastuti (2003: 45), contrastive analysis to discuss two differences and
two analyses the differences between them. Guntur Tarigan (1988: 23), contrastive analysis is an
activity which tries to compare the structure of L1 and L2 in order to identify the differences
between two languages. According to Sujoko (1989: 1), the contrastive analysis hypothesis is the
interfering effect of the first language on the second language learning and claimed, in its strong
form, that second language is primarily, if not exclusively, a process of acquiring whatever items
are different from the first language. Guntur Tarigan (1992: 50) says that at the level of process,
we acquaint two versions of contrastive analysis hypothesis.
SOCIOLINGUISTIC
Spolsky (1998: 3) states ”Sociolinguistik is the field that studies the relation between
language and society, between the uses of language and the social structure, in wich the users of
language live”. According to Mansoer Pateda (1992: 3) provides a definition of sociolinguistics
as a branch of linguistics that studies language and language use in a cultural context. A
language person must pay attention to the cultural context in which he speaks. It is hoped that by
understanding the sociolinguistic principles every speaker will realize the importance of the role
of the accuracy of language selection in accordance with the socio-cultural context.
According to wardaugh (1985: 3) sociolinguistic there are many topics. Each topics
relalates to the society. Namely,ethnograpies, gender, varieties of language, ethnomethodology,
solidarity, words and culture, talk and action, language dialect, speech communities, and code.
The focus on this research is ethnograpies. is the analysis of communication within the wider
context of the social and cultural practices and beliefs of the members of a particular culture
or speech community. In ethnograpies contain proverb in culture society (main topic) in this
term.s
2.3 PROVERB
A.DEFENITION
Proverbs is a simple or short sentence that is usually used to compare something or real
truth, usually this proverbs aims to educate through aphorisms or also called proverbs.
Every culture has a collection of ideas that offer advice about how to live your life. These
sayings are called by proverbs. Example: Time is money = time is money. (Time is very valuable
or important, so people must use the best time possible).
B. CHARACTERISTIC OF PROVERBS
Proverbs can be as short as two words. In addition, the full forms of popular proverbs are
often replaced by elliptical allusions.
Proverbs use prosodic devices that enhance their memorability, especially Rhyme,
alliteration, parallelism, as ellipsis.
Proverbs often use simple rhetorical devices, metaphor, hyperbole, paradox, and
personification.
C.KINDS OF PROVERB
Aphorism. This proverb offers advice. Example; Don't go too far in small. (small issues
should not be exaggerated)
Parable. That has a moral lesson and has parable Example: To carry coals to Newcastle
(Like throwing salt into the sea)
Slogan (pemeo). This proverb gives spirit or motivation Example - Early bird gets worm
(God will give sustenance to His creatures who first wake up) - Diligence is the mistress
of success (diligent base of success)
Idioms It is a phrase that has a group of words with different meaning from the meaning
of all the individual words. Examples: - Pull your sock up (improve your behavior) - You
can arrange your bedroom at will (as you wish) - Don't mention it (You're welcome)
Since the aims is to analyze the differences and similarities between English and
Simalungun . the writers would like to use qualitative data. According to Devy (1997: 76):
Qualitative research studies are designed to obtain information concerning the current status of
phenomena. They are directed toward determining the nature of situation, as it exists at the time
of the study. There is no administration or control of a treatment as it is found in experimental
testing. The aim is to describe what exist with respect to variables or conditions or situations.
Qualitative research presents the data and research in the form of qualitative description.
Analysis of this type is done with words to describe conclusions, so the qualitative study obtains
the descriptive data either spoken or written. Miles and Huberman state that such data are
supposed to be qualitative data. Qualitative research doesn’t focus on numerals or statistics but
give most attention to how deep the researcher’s knowledge toward the interaction among
concepts, which is being learnt.
In this research, the writers took several books in library as data sources such as, books,
papers, internet and experts to analyze the contrastive between English and Simalungun in
proverbs. Simalungun book that is used namely: Uppasa & Uppama Simalungun by Salmon
Sinaga (2015)
Data collecting is a very important work in the research, so the writers determine what
method is used and most appropriate to get the data. The writers interesting to use
documentation. Documentation is one of methods used in qualitative research, which is
collecting data about things such as notes, newspapers, books, and so on. Document analysis is a
form of qualitative research in which documents are interpreted by the researcher to give voice
and meaning around an assessment topic (Bowen, 2009)
3.4 TECHNIQUE OF ANALYZING DATA
The last steps is analyzing data. Analyzing data becomes a step that is very crucial in
research by soy (2000: 85), soon after the data are assembled, the writers do the analysis. The
technique of analyzing data is the writers would like to use the content analysis. Content
analysis is a research method for studying documents and communication artifacts, which might
be texts of various format such as books and internet. There are five communication character
was made by Harold D. namely, who, says what, to whom, in what channel, with what effect.
The steps of content analysis are:
Comparison of the same document message at different times. In this case, the analyse
can draw the conclusion
Comparison of message from the same sources to different recipients. In this case, the
study of the influences of audiences characteristic of conten and style communication.
Can be deduced that proverbs in simalungun has a different position where will be used.
namely:
To express feelings
Broken heart
When borning a new child
Uppama which sung
Convey message, information, and situation
To pray the children when they face the competition
Uppama enemy
Uppama people death.
Advices for the children
Uppama in marriage
Proverbs in English is often found in any conversation as same as native speaker, from
every day conversation to big films and cartoon. It was approved in Tin-Tin cartoon.
Namely: I betcha you never think this previously after getting treasure form ballas
pirate. I guess we will waste it all in burg. a penny saved is a penny earned. so, what’s your
plan?
From the conversation above, we analyze that the captain use a proverb in conversation
by his crew. It shows proverb in English can be found in cartoon. According to Mieder (2004)
proverbs ia English is divided five types. Namely:
Expression proverb
Ex: to bite the dust
Comparison proverb
Ex: as busy as a bee
Interrogative proverb
Ex: does a chicken have lips?
Pattern proverb
Ex: give and take
Wellerisme
Ex: each to his ow
CHAPTER IV
After analyzing the proverb usage above, the writers would like to identify the
similarities and differences between proverb in English and Simalungun. By abalyzing data from
several sources, the writers have found that there are the similarities and differences among
them.
In English the society within use proverbs based on the situation. The conversation above
have shown that they use proverbs based on the situation. Namely, between captain and Tin-tin.
Also, in English they use proverbs to express feelings.
After analyzing the the data sources and categorizing each types, the writers distinguish
their differences when these proverbs are used. In England the proverbs are used to compare, for
making interogatime, and in the pattern. While in Simalungun uppama song, borning baby,
people death, message, and advices.
After analyzing these differences and similarities, the writers put it again in table in order
to be more detail. See the table below () as the similarities and (-) the differences
CLOSING
5.1 CONCLUSION
Proverbs is a simple or short sentence that is usually used to compare something or real
truth, usually this proverbs aims to educate through aphorisms or also called proverbs. In English
the society within use proverbs based on the situation. The conversation above have shown that
they use proverbs based on the situation. Namely, between captain and Tin-tin. Also, in English
they use proverbs to express feelings. After analyzing the the data sources and categorizing each
types, the writers distinguish their differences when these proverbs are used. In England the
proverbs are used to compare, for making interogatime, and in the pattern. While in Simalungun
uppama song, borning baby, people death, message, and advices.
5.2 SUGGESTION
From the explanation above, the writers hope this research is useful for the readers.
Through this research, the writers hope this research will improve their knowledge and
understanding foreign culture and local culture. Especially for simalungun society that has
difficulties to adapt and understand their culture.
REFERENCES
Purba. C/2019/19/pematangsiantar/interview
Sinaga. S/2015/PEMATANGSIANTAR/medan/uppama&uppasa
https://www.pelajaran.id/2017/21/pengertian-peribahasa-jenis-jenis-dan-contoh-peribahasa.html
https://www.bobyandian.com/bible-topics/types-of-proverbs
https://www.academia.edu/9656972/contrastive_linguistics
http://docplayer.info/52931020-Contrastive-analysis.html
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275543802_Contrastive_Studies_on_Proverbs
https://lib.unnes.ac.id/2641/1/7210.pdf
http://etheses.uin-malang.ac.id/351/7/10210067%20Bab%203.pdf