Management

Manager?

A Manager is the person responsible for:

 planning and directing the work of a group of individuals,
 monitoring their work,
 and taking corrective action when necessary.
 Managers may direct workers directly or they may direct several supervisors who
direct the workers.
 A manager must be familiar with the work of all the groups he/she supervises, but
does not need to be the best in any or all of the areas.
 It is more important for the manager to know how to manage the workers than to
know how to do their work well.
 A manager may have the power to employ employees or to promote them.
 Moreover, in larger companies, a manager may only recommend such actions
to the next level of management.
 The manager has the authority to change the work assignments of
team members.

Titles?

Note: There are many management functions in business and, therefore, many manager titles.

A manager's title reflects what he/she is responsible for.

 An Accounting Manager supervises the Accounting function.

 The Operations Manager is responsible for the operations of the company.
 A Night Manager is responsible for the activities that take place at night.
 Etc;

Regardless of title, the manager is responsible for planning, directing, monitoring and
controlling the people and their work.

Management?

Some definitions of management are:

 Organization and coordination of the activities of an enterprise in accordance with

certain policies and in achievement of clearly defined objectives.
 Management is the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and
objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively.
 Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and
controlling an organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for
the purpose of accomplishing a goal.

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  The size of management can range from one person in a small firm to
hundreds or thousands of managers in multinational companies.
 In large firms the board of directors formulates the policy which is
implemented by the chief executive officer.

 The Project Management Institute (PMI) defines / company/ enterprise/project

management as "meeting project requirement through the application of knowledge,
skills, tools and techniques to project / plan activities. This is accomplished through
the use of initiating, planning, executing, controlling and closing a project."

 Donald J. Cough defines management as, " the art and science of decision making and
leadership."

 Louis Allen defines, "Management is what a manager does".

Basic roles

 Interpersonal: roles that involve coordination and interaction with employees.

 Informational: roles that involve handling, sharing, and analyzing information.
 Decisional: roles that require decision-making.

Management skills

 Political: used to build a power base and establish connections.

 Conceptual: used to analyze complex situations.
 Interpersonal: used to communicate, motivate, mentor and delegate.
 Diagnostic: the ability to visualize most appropriate response to a situation .[8]

Levels of management

Most organizations have three management levels: low-level, middle-level, and top-level
managers.

Top-level managers

Consists of board of directors, president, vice-president etc. They are responsible for
controlling and overseeing the entire organization. They develop goals, strategic plans,
company policies, and make decisions on the direction of the business. In addition, top-level
managers play a significant role in the mobilization of outside resources and are accountable
to the shareholders and general public.

 Middle-level managers

Consist of general managers, branch managers and department managers. They are
accountable to the top management for their department's function. They devote more time to
organizational and directional functions.
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They define and discuss information and policies from top management to lower
management, and most importantly they inspire and provide guidance to lower level managers
towards better performance.

low-level managers

Consist of supervisors, section leaders, etc. They focus on controlling and directing. They
usually have the responsibility of assigning employees tasks, guiding and supervising
employees on day-to-day activities, ensuring quality and quantity production, making
recommendations, suggestions, and upchanneling employee problems, etc.

Leadership Qualities

 Generic leadership qualities - such as honesty, confidence and knowledge

 Context-dependent leadership qualities - such as long-term vision, short-term goals,
etc.
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