date

cal
cal -y
cal 2018

ls list
cd .. directory roll back
cd - previous working directory
cd / root directory
pwd for absolute path name

--------------------------------
root folders
bin
opt - chrome
tmp
home->user
---------------------------------

ls .. list of parent directory

INODE

inode number
file size
owner info
permission
file type
number of links

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ls -i inode number of file

ls -i / inode number of root directory

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ln originalfilename hardlink1 same inode number, create hardlink same filesize
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ln -s orginalfilename softlinkname different inode number, small file same size
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
hardlink not effected by even if original file is deleted

ls -l long listing

ls -a shows all files including hidden files.

.filename for file name will hide it. (.) will hide file.

ls -t list by time

ls -r reverse of alphabetic name

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list all files in directory and in sub directories

ls -R directoryname

------------------
combining commands
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ls -i -l long list with inode number
ls -il
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ls -tr reverse the output of files by time.
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touch command
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touch filename changes time stamp

touch directoryname change timestamp of directory

touch filename if does not exist then it creates new file

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directory
---------

mkdir directoryname new directory

mkdir directoryname1 directoryname2 multiple directories
rmdir directoryname remove directory
rmdir directoryname1 directoryname2 remove multiple directories

does not remove non empty directory

-----
files
-----

rm filename remove files

rm -R will delete all sub directory files and the current directory

rm -i filename warning message before deleting file

rm -f will delete with no confirmation

rm -v gives summary of what happened

rm -R dir1 file1 delete file and directory

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copy files
----------

cp filename1 filname2 copies into file2/ will update if file2

exist
cp -R directory1 directory2 copies directory
cp file1 file2 destinationdirectory overwrite files

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move files
----------

mv oldfilename newfilename move or rename files

mv filename destinationdirectory move to directory
mv olddir1 newdir2 if dir2 exist it will move olddir in newdir

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no file extension concept in linux

file filename will give summary of file

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directory name with space need quotes

mkdir 'dir name' or "dir name"

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mkdir my\ cat dirname with space

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mkdir \$dirname special charcter with backslash\

tab button for auto completeion

rm -- will give all options of rm

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shortcut
--------
alt+u will make it upper case
alt+l lower case
ctrl+l to clear screen

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gedit graphic interface
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nano filename to access file

--------
history
--------
history will give all commands used
!180 excute command at 180 in history lis
history 20 last 20 commands used

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less filename will only display file content
------------------------

cat filename1 file2 will display content on command line

------------------------
tac filename will reverse order of contents

head filename give first 10 lines

tail filename gives last 10 lines

head -n 7 filename gives first 7 lines

wc filename gives description of file(word count)

help and man gives help

whatis cp give description

date; cal for combining commands

&& for combining commands

* everything
? just one character
-----------------------------------------
using alias to make new commands

type aliasname check if command avaialble

alias todo="commands" make alias