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Chapter I
INTRODUCTION
The design of a ship is essentially determined by the requirement of the ship. The requirement that
formed the basis for determination of reference data, such as the type of ship, dimension, routes and
etc. When a main data required are met, then the next step is to design a wide range of system was
needed, as the prime mover and its supporting system, electrical system, auxiliary machinery system,
navigation system, safety system, and etc. A wide range of systems adapted to the needs on the ship.
Various methods of calculation and the method of determining the system used to plan a system as
efficient as possible.
Resistance is the force that holds the vessel when the vessel a speed of his service. This drag must be
countered by thrust generated by the ship's engine in order to achieve the desired speed. Total
resistance vessels can be divided into several components, among others, such as: Frictional
Resistance, Wave Resistance, Ship Body, Air Resistance, Additional Resistance.
In designing the propeller we need to know the main data of ship that will be used to calculate total
resistance of the vessel using a variety of methods. After that determines BHP (Power Machines),
which will be transmitted to the propeller thourgh a shaft, after selecting the machine according to the
engine power required to generete thrust. The next step is the selection of the propeller, which then
known 18 types propeller that have different efficiency.
So, it can conclude the basic configuration of main propulsion system consist of three major units
(Prime mover, transmission and propulsor). These major units must be working together so that they
will be able to propel a ship at certain design speed.
DEPARTMENT OF MARINE ENGINEERING – ITS
DESIGN III : GENERAL ARRANGEMENT & Doc. No. 01
SAFETY PLAN 04211641000041
ESTIMATION OF THE SHIP RESISTANCE & ENGINE RE
SELECTION
Chapter II
CODES & STANDARD
No. Rules Function Formula
1. Ship Resistance Calculate the value of 𝑉(𝑚 /𝑠)
(Guldhammer and Froude Number (Fn). 𝐹𝑛 =
√𝑔 𝑥 𝐿𝑊𝐿
Harvalrd), 1965. Page
116.
2. Ship Resistance Calculate the value of 𝑉𝑠 𝑥 𝐿𝑊𝐿
(Guldhammer and Reynold Number (Rn). 𝑅𝑛 =
𝑣
Harvalrd), 1965. Page
116.
3. Ship Resistance Calculate the frictional 0,075
(Guldhammer and resistance coefficient. 𝐶𝑓 =
(𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝑅𝑛 − 2)2
Harvalrd), 1965. Page
116.
4. Ship Resistance Calculate the B/T 𝐵
0,16( − 2,5)
(Guldhammer and 𝑇
Harvalrd), 1965. Page
117.
5. Ship Resistance Calculate the ∆LCB = LCB - 𝐿𝐶𝐵𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑
(Guldhammer and difference of LCB in
Harvalrd), 1965. Page accordance to the LCB
128. standard.
6. Ship Resistance The value of 103CA= 0,4
(Guldhammer & Incremental Resistance
Harvald), 1965. Page Coefficient (𝐶𝐴 )
130.
7. Ship Resistance The value of Air 103CAA = 0,07
(Guldhammer & Resistance Coefficient
Harvald), 1965. Page (𝐶𝐴𝐴 )
130.
CHAPTER III
ABBREVIATIONS
Ship Principal Dimension Ship Power Prediction
LPP : Length between EHP : Effective Horse Power
Perpendicular
LOA : Length Over All THP : Thrust Horse Power
LWL : Length of the Waterline DHP : Delivered Horse Power
B : Breadth SHP : Shaft Horse Power
H : Depth BHP : Brake Horse Power
T : Draugh w : Wake Friction Coefficient
Vs : Service Speed t : Thrust Deduction Factor
Cb : Block Coefficient PC : Propulsive Coefficient
Cm : Midship Coefficient 𝜂𝑅𝑅 : Relative Rotative
Efficiency
𝜂𝑜 : Open Water Propeller
Cp : Prismatic Coefficient 𝜂𝐻 : Hull Efficiency
LCB : Longitudinal Center of 𝜂𝑆 : Shaft Efficiency
Buoyancy
∇ : Volume Displacement 𝜂𝐺 : Gearbox Efficiency
∆ : Mass Displacement RPM : Rotation per Minute
𝜌 : Fluid Density
Ship Resistance
Fn : Froude Number
Rn : Reynold Number
g : Gravitation acceleration
v : Water Viscosity
𝐶𝑅 : Residual Coefficient
𝐶𝐹 : Frictional Coefficient
𝐶𝐴 : Incremental Coefficient
𝐶𝐴𝐴 : Air Coefficient
𝐶𝐴𝑆 : Steer Coefficient
𝐶𝑇 : Total Resistance
𝑅𝑇 : Total Resistance
𝑅𝑇𝑆 : Total Resistance + Sea
Margin
DEPARTMENT OF MARINE ENGINEERING – ITS
DESIGN III : GENERAL ARRANGEMENT & Doc. No. 01
SAFETY PLAN 04211641000041
ESTIMATION OF THE SHIP RESISTANCE & ENGINE RE
SELECTION
CHAPTER IV
CALCULATION
RESISTANCE CALCULATION
Ship Principal Dimension
Vessel Name : MV. Eureka
Type of Ship : Container
LOA : 142 m
LPP : 132 m
LWL : 135 m
L Displacement : 133.5 m
B : 22.5 m
H : 11.2 m
T : 8.25 m
Vs : 17 knot
Cb : 0.6813
Cm : 0.9845
Cp : 0.692
LCB : -1.17% LPP
Range of Service : Surabaya - Singapore
Volume Displacement : ∇= 𝐶𝑏 𝑥 𝐿𝑤𝑙 𝑥 𝐵 𝑥 𝑇
= 0.6813 𝑥 135 𝑥 22.5 𝑥 8.25
∇ = 17073𝑚3
Mass Displacement : ∆= 𝐶𝑏 𝑥 𝐿𝑤𝑙 𝑥 𝐵 𝑥 𝑇 𝑥 𝜌
= 0.6813 𝑥 135 𝑥 22.5 𝑥 8.25 𝑥 1.025
= 17500ton
Wetted Surface Area (S) : 𝑆 = 1.025 𝐿𝑃𝑃(𝐶𝑏 𝑥 𝐵 + 1.7𝑇)
= 1.025 𝑥 132(0.6813𝑥22.5 + 1.7𝑥8.25)
𝑆 = 3971.66 𝑚3
DEPARTMENT OF MARINE ENGINEERING – ITS
DESIGN III : GENERAL ARRANGEMENT & Doc. No. 01
SAFETY PLAN 04211641000041
ESTIMATION OF THE SHIP RESISTANCE & ENGINE RE
SELECTION
Where:
V : Speed of the Ship in m/s
LWL : Length of Waterline that is 107 m
g : Gravitational acceleration that is 9,81𝑚2 /𝑠
So,
8.738 𝑚/𝑠
𝐹𝑛 =
√9.81 𝑥 135
𝐹𝑛 = 0.237818237
𝑅𝑛 = 12587687794.08
DEPARTMENT OF MARINE ENGINEERING – ITS
DESIGN III : GENERAL ARRANGEMENT & Doc. No. 01
SAFETY PLAN 04211641000041
ESTIMATION OF THE SHIP RESISTANCE & ENGINE RE
SELECTION
Determine L/∇1/3
𝐿𝑤𝑙 135
1/3
= = 5.2428
∇ 170731/3
From the calculate as known, it can conclude that L/∇1/3 are between 5.0 and 5.5 graph, then it must
use two graph below to found the value of 103Cr.
From the graph above we got coordinate 103Cr at 5.0 is 1,39 and 103Cr at 5.5 is 1.15
DEPARTMENT OF MARINE ENGINEERING – ITS
DESIGN III : GENERAL ARRANGEMENT & Doc. No. 01
SAFETY PLAN 04211641000041
ESTIMATION OF THE SHIP RESISTANCE & ENGINE RE
SELECTION
B/T Correction
𝐵 22.5
= = 2.7273
𝑇 8.25
From the value of standard B/T from Guldhammer&Harvald method is 2.5, there fore ships that has
the B/T is 2,7273 so the correction is 0,0364 from the calculate of formula below:
𝐵 𝐵 17
𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 0.16 ( − 2.5) = 0.16 ( − 2.5)
𝑇 𝑇 6.20
= 0.16(2.7419 − 2.5)
𝐵
𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 0.038704
𝑇
LCB Correction
LCB(Longitudinal Center of Boyancy) is the centorid of the underwater volume of the boat
expressed as a longitudinal location. LCB is usually understood to be the centroid when the boat is
floaating on its datum waterline(DWL) with zero trim. LCB also to find out the Residual Coefficient
a result of the actual LCB location deviation from the standard LCB:
- Determine actual location of LCB
Before we determine the value of LCB actual we have to calculate the percentage
calculation from body plan (simpson calculation). So can conclude from the data:
∑1 = 3793.98 ∑2 = −888.786 h = 6.6 m
−888.786
% = 6.6 𝑥 = −1.54613%
3793.98
DEPARTMENT OF MARINE ENGINEERING – ITS
DESIGN III : GENERAL ARRANGEMENT & Doc. No. 01
SAFETY PLAN 04211641000041
ESTIMATION OF THE SHIP RESISTANCE & ENGINE RE
SELECTION
Power Calculation
In general ship engaged in an aqueous medium at a certain speed, it will experience drag (resistance)
which is opposite to the direction of motion of the ship. The amount of drag that occurs must be able
to be overcome by the thrust of the vessel (thrust) generated from work locomotors vessel
(propulsion). Distributed power (PD) to locomotors ship is derived from the power shaft (PS), while
the shaft itself comes from the power brake power (PB) which is an output power ship propulsion
motor. Power distribution scheme in the propulsion system shown below:
And the value of t (Thust Deduction Factor) can be found from the difference between
T and R =T – R is called the addition of resistance, which expressed in the thrust
deduction factor (t).
𝑡=𝑘𝑥𝑤
= 0.85 𝑥 0.274
𝑡 = 0.233
Notes : the value of k for single rudder plate is between 0.7-0.9, selected value is 0.85
So, the Final value for the Hull efficiency is:
1 − 0.233
𝜂𝐻 = = 1.05655
1 − 0.2738
DEPARTMENT OF MARINE ENGINEERING – ITS
DESIGN III : GENERAL ARRANGEMENT & Doc. No. 01
SAFETY PLAN 04211641000041
ESTIMATION OF THE SHIP RESISTANCE & ENGINE RE
SELECTION
Engine Selection
Based the calculation of power before, the engine can be chosen with the power equal to or
greater that BHPmcr. So selected engie with specification as below: