By:

Andi Rinto P. Wibowo

Sutarmin D.Hi Ahmad
Depi Susilawati
Afriandi Chandra

PT. SANGATTA BIOFUEL

2012
 The potential of biomass energy in Indonesia Rubber replanting
Potential of Potential of residues
Potential of calories Logging residues
Source calories production
(million GJ/yr) (million tons) 2% 3% Sawmill residues
Rubber replanting
residues 496 31 Palm oil empty fruit
bunch (EFB)
Logging residues 11 1.2 20% Palm oil fibers

Sawmill residues 10.6 1.1 Palm oil shell

Palm oil empty fruit
bunch (EFB) 15.4 3.5 9% 56% Sugarcane bagasse

Palm oil fibers 35.3 3.7 4%

Rice husks
2%
Palm oil shell 17.2 1.3 Coconut shell
Sugarcane bagasse 78 6.5 2% 1%
Coconut fibers
1%
Rice husks 179 14.3 Potential of production
Coconut shell 18.7 1.1 2% 3%
Coconut fibers 24 2
Total 885.2 65.7 22%
Source: EBTKE, 2012 47%

10%

5%
2% 5%

2% 2%
The potential of biomass from palm oil waste in Sulawesi
Composition
Volume of
Name of (tons)
Nr Production Addition information
Company Liquid Shell
/month EFB
Waste &Fiber
1 PTPN 14 14.400 6.480 1.008 2.880 Have been used
PT Bumi Maju
2 14.400 6.480 1.008 2.880 For sale (existing contract )
Sawit
Have been used for their own
3 PT Pasang Kayu 40.000 18.000 2.800 8.000 consumption
Have been used for their own
4 PT Letawa 40.000 18.000 2.800 8.000 consumption
PT Unggul Widya For sale & have been used for
5
Teknologi Lestari
40.000 18.000 2.800 8.000 their own consumption
Total 148.800 66.960 7.440 29.760
Source: Field survey 2012

The distance from company to Makassar: 550 – 700 km

Travel time to Makassar (road trip): 10 – 15 jam

Transportation cost to Makassar: Rp 700.000,00/ton

The sale price of palm oil shell (PT Bumi Maju Sawit):
Rp 300,00/kg
The potential of biomass from coconut waste in Sulawesi
Production Waste
Nr Province Copra Coconut shell Coconut fibers
(tons/year) (tons/year) (tons/year)
1 Central Sulawesi 202.384 354.172 465.483
2 South Sulawesi 73.111 127.944 168.155
3 West Sulawesi 42.429 74.250 97.587
Source: BKPM (2012) & Field survey (2012)
Central Sulawesi South Sulawesi West Sulawesi
Field experiment 500
465,483
copra production: 1 kg 450
400
coconut shell: 1.75 kg 354,172
350
coconut fibers: 2.3 kg 300
250
2,3 200 202,384
Copra 168,155
150
1,75 Shell 127,944
100 97,587
Fibers 73,111 74,25
1 50 42,429
0
0
1 Copra Shell Fibers
2
3
kg
The potential of coconut waste in Central Sulawesi
Copra Coconut Coconut Distance to
Nr Province District Area (ha) production shell fibers Makassar
(tons/year) (tons/year) (tons/year) (km)
1 Donggala 27.922 41.545 72.704 95.554 784
2 Central Parigi Mautong 24.886 28.107 49.187 64.646 873
3 Sulawesi Tojo Una-una 27.192 30.239 52.918 69.550 786
4 Banggai 31.810 32.708 57.239 75.228 1.101
Total 111.810 132.599 232.048 304.978
Source: BKPM (2012) & Field survey (2012)
Area (ha) Production of copra and waste (ton/yr)

Banggai Donggala Banggai

25% Donggala
29% 25%
31%
Tojo Una-una
Parigi
Tojo Una-una
Mautong
23% Parigi
24% Mautong
22%
21%
The potential of coconut waste in South Sulawesi
Wastes Distance
Copra
Area (tons/year) to
Nr Province District production
(ha) Makassar
(tons/year) Shell Fibers
(km)
1 Selayar 19.922 25.265 44.214 58.110 240
2 South Bone 12.005 9.519 16.658 21.894 132
3 Sulawesi Wajo 8.647 5.614 9.825 12.912 192
4 Pinrang 10.421 5.462 9.559 12.563 182
Total 50.995 45.860 80.256 105.479
Source: BKPM (2012) & Field survey (2012)

12%

Selayar
12%
Bone

55% Wajo

21% Pinrang

Waste
 The potential of coconut waste in West Sulawesi
Copra Wastes
Area Distance to
Nr Province District production (tons/year)
(ha) Makassar (km)
(tons/year) Shell Fibers
1 North Mamuju 14.200 13.948 24.130 32.080 681
2 West Polewali Mandar 22.289 18.934 32.756 43.548 256
3 Sulawesi Mamasa 75 15 26 35 331
4 Majene 9.118 9.532 16.490 21.924 387
Total 42.429 73.402 97.587
Source: BKPM (2012) & Field survey (2012)

Majene
22% North
Mamuju
Mamasa 33%
0%

Polewali
Mandar
45%

Waste
Transportation and Sale Price
in Sulawesi
Field survey 2012:
• Transportation cost to Makassar:
Rp 700.000,00/ton
• Copra: Rp 4.500,00 s/d Rp 5.000,00 /kg
• 1 old coconut: Rp 1000,00 s/d Rp 1.200,00
• Waste (Coconut shell and fibers):
Rp 100,00 s/d Rp 150,00 /kg

Bio-coal from coconut shell: Rp 1.000,00 s/d Rp 2.000,00 /kg
BPS Sultra 2012:
• 100 old coconuts: Rp 86.667,00 s/d 140.625,00
• 100 young coconuts: Rp 141.667,00 s/d 220.833
• 100 kg dry copra: Rp 392.417,00 s/d 581.250,00
Calorific value of palm oil waste
Average of calorific
Parameter/; Range (kJ/kg)
value (kJ/kg)
EFB 18.795 18.000 – 19.920
Fibers 19.055 18.800 – 19.580
Shell 20.093 19.500 – 20.750
Stem 17.471 17.000 – 17.800
Midrib 15.719 15.400 – 15.680
Source: Ma, Choo, & Cheah (2003)
Calorific value of coconut shell
Proximate analysis (% weight)
Moisture 5,3
Volatile mater 70,7
Ash 6,26
Fixed carbon 17,54
Low heating value (kJ/kg) 22.000
Source: Vidian (2008)
CONCLUSION
1. The potential of biomass from palm oil solid waste in Sulawesi = 392.400 tons/year.
2. The potential of biomass from coconut waste in Sulawesi =1.287.591 tons/year.
3. Central Sulawesi Province is the largest potential of biomass from coconut waste.
▪ Coconut shell= 354.172 tons/year
▪ Coconut fibers = 465.483 tons/year
4. The distance of biomass sources to Makassar is far away. The average distance of:
▪ Central Sulawesi to Makassar = 517,46 km
▪ West Sulawesi to Makassar = 413,75 km
▪ South Sulawesi to Makassar = 260,95 km
5. The sale price of palm oil shell = Rp 300,00 per kg
The sale price of palm oil stem = Rp 30.000,00 per stem.
6. The sale price of coconut = Rp 1.000,00 to Rp 1.200,00 per item
The sale price of coconut shell and fibers = Rp 120,00 to Rp 150,00 per kg

RECOMMENDATION
1. Further discussion with the owner/central management of palm oil company is needed to make
cooperation related to the biomass supply.
2. The location of the new biomass company and power plants in Makassar needs to be considered again
due to highly transportation cost from the biomass sources.
3. Further feasibility study is needed to assess the potential of coconut for each district, especially in
Central Sulawesi that has large potential of coconut.
 Researcher
Andi Rinto P. Wibowo, S.Hut.,M.Si
+6281328151637
andi.rpw@gmail.com
www.wanagama1.wordpress.com
--CV--