Exam 12-13

1. Match each individual below with the correct description.

___ A. Andrew Jackson
___ B. Henry Clay
___ C. John C. Calhoun
___ D. William Crawford

1. was vice president on the ticket of two presidential candidates in 1824

2. received more popular votes than any other candidate in 1824
3. was eliminated as a candidate when the election of 1824 was thrown into the House of Representatives

[A] A-3, C-2, D-1

[B] A-1, B-2, D-3
[C] A-2, B-1, D-3
[D] A-2, B-3, C-1
[E] B-1, C-3, D-2

2. Andrew Jackson made all of the following charges against the Bank of the United States except that
[A] the bank was autocratic and tyrannical.
[B] it was controlled by an elite moneyed aristocracy.
[C] profit, not public service, was its first priority.
[D] the bank was antiwestern.
[E] it refused to lend money to politicians.

3. British plans for their 1814 campaign did not include action in
[A] Vermont.
[B] the Chesapeake.
[C] Florida.
[D] Louisiana.
[E] New York.

4. The Anti-Masonic party of 1832 appealed to

[A] the supporters of Andrew Jackson.
[B] American suspicions of secret societies.
[C] those who wished to keep the government from meddling in social and economic life.
[D] people opposed to the growing political power of evangelical Protestants.
[E] supporters of the American System.

5. New England opposed the American System’s federally constructed roads because
[A] they were poorly constructed.
[B] canals were a superior means of transportation.
[C] the Democratic-Republicans favored them.
[D] they cost too much.
[E] they would drain away needed population to the West.

6. In interpreting the Constitution, John Marshall

[A] supported “strict construction.”
[B] favored “loose construction.”
[C] advocated state control of interstate commerce.
[D] set few precedents.
[E] supported an unchanging document.

7. The resolutions from the Hartford Convention

[A] supported use of state militias against the British.
[B] resulted in the resurgence of states’ rights.
[C] helped to cause the death of the Federalist party.
[D] called for the West to join the War of 1812.
[E] called for southern secession from the union.

8. Andrew Jackson’s administration supported the removal of Native Americans from the eastern states because
[A] they continued their attacks on white settlements.
[B] whites wanted the Indians’ lands.
[C] Georgia and Florida tried to protect the Indians and their lands.
[D] the Supreme Court ruled in favor of this policy.
[E] the Indians assimilated too easily into white society.

9. In McCulloch v. Maryland, Cohens v. Virginia, and Gibbons v. Ogden, Chief Justice Marshall’s rulings limited the extent of
[A] judicial review.
[B] constitutionalism.
[C] federal authority.
[D] federalism.
[E] states’ rights.

10. The new two party political system that emerged in the 1830s and 1840s
[A] divided the nation further.
[B] fulfilled the wishes of the founding fathers.
[C] was seen at the time as a weakening of democracy.
[D] resulted in the Civil War.
[E] became an important part of the nation’s checks and balances.

11. As president, John Quincy Adams

[A] adjusted to the New Democracy.
[B] was successful in getting his programs enacted into law.
[C] was one of the least successful presidents in American history.
[D] was more successful than as secretary of state.
[E] put many of his supporters on the federal payroll.

12. Texans won their independence as a result of the victory over Mexican armies at the Battle of
[A] the Alamo.
B] Santa Anna.
[C] San Jacinto.
[D] the Rio Grande.
[E] Goliad.

13. The first state entirely west of the Mississippi River to be carved out of the Louisiana Territory was
[A] Missouri.
[B] Kansas.
[C] Louisiana.
[D] Texas.
[E] Arkansas.

14. One of the major causes of the panic of 1819 was

[A] a drought that resulted in poor agricultural production.
[B] the failure to recharter the Bank of the United States.
[C] overspeculation in frontier lands.
[D] bankruptcies.
[E] deflation.

15. One of the main reasons Andrew Jackson decided to weaken the Bank of the United States after the 1832 election was
[A] his desire to fight the Specie Circular, which hurt the West.
[B] his fear that Nicholas Biddle might try to manipulate the bank to force its recharter.
[C] his desire to halt the rising inflation rate that the bank had created before 1832.
[D] that he lost money he had invested in it.
[E] all of these.
16. The “nullification crisis” of 1832−1833 erupted over
[A] Indian policy.
[B] banking policy.
[C] tariff policy.
[D] internal improvements.
[E] public land sales.

17. Most of the early American settlers in Texas came from

[A] the middle Atlantic states.
[B] New England.
[C] the Ohio Territory.
[D] the Old Northwest.
[E] the South and Southwest.

18. Latin America’s reaction to the Monroe Doctrine can best be described as
[A] relying on Britain to void it.
[B] fearful of the United States.
[C] unconcerned or unimpressed.
[D] enthusiastic.
[E] none of these.

19. The Treaty of 1818 with England

[A] used the watershed of the Missouri River to define the United States’ border with Canada as far west as the Rocky
Mountains.
[B] granted Canada exclusive use of Newfoundland fisheries.
[C] saw the United States forced to give up its tariffs on British goods.
[D] called for a ten-year joint occupation of the Oregon country by both American citizens and British subjects.
[E] formally recognized America’s earlier conquest of West Florida.

20. Americans moved into Texas

[A] after an agreement was concluded between Mexican authorities and Stephen Austin.
[B] to spread Protestantism.
[C] after the Battle of San Jacinto.
[D] when invited by the Spanish government.
[E] upon Sam Houston’s defeat of General Santa Anna.

21. Spanish authorities allowed Moses Austin to settle in Texas because

[A] they believed that the militarily powerful Austin would otherwise have taken the land by force.
[B] Spain planned to sell the land to the United States.
[C] Spanish control of the territory was a subject of dispute between Spain and the United States.
[D] they believed that Austin and his settlers might be able to civilize the territory.
[E] he paid them a sizeable sum of money.

22. John Marshall’s rulings upheld a defense of property rights against public pressure in
[A] Marbury v. Madison.
[B] McCulloch v. Maryland.
[C] Fletcher v. Peck.
[D] Cohens v. Virginia.
[E] Gibbons v. Ogden.

23. By the 1840s new techniques of politicking included all of the following except
[A] baby kissing.
[B] the use of banners.
[C] parades.
[D] deference.
[E] free drinks.

24. All of the following were results of the Missouri Compromise except that
[A] the balance between the North and South was kept even.
[B] extremists in both the North and South were not satisfied.
[C] Missouri entered the Union as a slave state.
[D] sectionalism was reduced.
[E] Maine entered the Union as a free state.

25. Andrew Jackson’s veto of the recharter bill for the Bank of the United States was
[A] supported by the Anti-Mason party.
[B] overturned by a two-thirds vote in Congress.
[C] unconstitutional.
[D] the first presidential veto.
[E] a major expansion of presidential power.

26. The western land boom resulted from all of the following except
[A] speculators accepted small down payments.
[B] the frontier was pacified with the defeat of the Indians.
[C] land exhaustion in older tobacco states.
[D] the construction of railroad lines as far west as the Mississippi River.
[E] it was a continuation of the old westward movement.

27. The panic of 1819 brought with it all of the following except
[A] unemployment.
[B] inflation.
[C] soup kitchens.
[D] bankruptcies.
[E] bank failures.

28. The government of Mexico and the Americans who settled in Mexican-controlled Texas clashed over all of the following
issues except
[A] Santa Anna raising an army to use against Texas.
[B] local rights.
[C] slavery.
[D] allegiance to Spain.
[E] immigration.

29. Innovations in the election of 1832 included

[A] presidential nominations of “favorite sons” by state legislatures.
[B] abandonment of party conventions.
[C] election of the president by the House of Representatives.
[D] adoption of written party platforms.
[E] direct election of the president.

30. With the demise of the Federalist party,

[A] little political trouble ensued.
[B] sectionalism disappeared.
[C] the Democratic-Republicans established one-party rule.
[D] the Whig party rose to take its place.
[E] another party arose very quickly to take its place.

31. Democratic-Republicans opposed Henry Clay’s American System because

[A] it favored only the South.
[B] they favored a road system that included Canada.
[C] the Bonus Bill of 1817 made it unnecessary.
[D] it would provide stiff competition to the Erie Canal.
[E] they believed that it was unconstitutional.

32. The “Tippecanoe” in the Whigs’ 1840 campaign slogan was

[A] Nicholas Biddle.
[B] William Harrison.
[C] Martin Van Buren.
[D] Daniel Webster.
[E] Henry Clay.

33. The British attack on Baltimore

[A] made possible the British invasion of Washington, D.C.
[B] inspired the writing of “The Star-Spangled Banner.”
[C] resulted in the destruction of many British shops.
[D] produced the “Bladensburg Races.”
[E] resulted in another British victory.

34. In response to South Carolina’s nullification of the Tariff of 1828, Andrew Jackson
[A] sought help from the Supreme Court.
[B] dispatched modest naval and military forces to the state while preparing a larger army.
[C] hanged several of the nullifiers.
[D] said nothing about nullification.
[E] asked Henry Clay for help.

35. The Battle of New Orleans

[A] saw the British win another victory.
[B] unleashed a wave of nationalism and self-confidence.
[C] followed a British defeat at Washington, D.C.
[D] was fought by the United States only for material gain.
[E] resulted in the British seeking peace.

36. The Russo-American Treaty of 1824 fixed the southernmost limits of Russian occupation of North America at
[A] the forty-second parallel.
[B] the fifty-first parallel.
[C] 36°30′.
[D] the forty-ninth parallel.
[E] 54°40′.
37. One of the nationally recognized American authors in the 1820s was
[A] Stephen Decatur.
[B] Edgar Allan Poe.
[C] Washington Irving.
[D] Walt Whitman.
[E] Stephen Douglas.

38. Both the Democratic party and the Whig party

[A] feared the rise of the Anti-Masonic party.
[B] were mass-based political parties.
[C] supported federal restraint in social and economic affairs.
[D] favored a renewed national bank.
[E] clung to states’ rights policies.

39. At the peace conference at Ghent, the British began to withdraw many of its earlier demands for all of the following reasons
except
[A] a loss at Baltimore.
[B] reverses in upper New York.
[C] concern about the still dangerous France.
[D] the American victory at New Orleans.
[E] increasing war weariness in Britain.

40. From a global perspective, the War of 1812 was

[A] more important than the American Revolution.
[B] a highly significant conflict.
[C] more important to Europeans than to Americans.
[D] of little importance.
[E] responsible for the defeat of Napoleon.

41. The purpose behind the spoils system was

[A] to reverse the trend of rotation in office.
[B] to reward political supporters with public office.
[C] the widespread encouragement of a bureaucratic office-holding class.
[D] to make politics a sideline and not a full-time business.
[E] to press those with experience into governmental service.

42. Supporters of the Whig party included all of the following except
[A] backers of southern states’ rights.
[B] large northern industrialists.
[C] opponents of public education.
[D] backers of the American System.
[E] many evangelical Protestants.

43. The Era of Good Feelings

[A] was characterized by the absence of any serious problems.
[B] was a troubled period.
[C] saw the start of the Whig party.
[D] was noted for cooperation between the Democratic and Republican parties.
[E] marked a temporary end to sectionalism.

44. The Rush-Bagot agreement

[A] required the Indians to relinquish vast areas of tribal lands north of the Ohio River.
[B] provided for Canadian independence from Great Britain.
[C] limited naval armaments on the Great Lakes.
[D] gave Florida to the United States.
[E] ended the traditional mutual suspicion and hatred between the United States and Great Britain.

45. One of the positive aspects of the Bank of the United States was
[A] its officers’ awareness of the bank’s responsibilities to society.
[B] its promotion of economic expansion by making credit abundant.
[C] that it loaned money to western farmers.
[D] its preservation of the public trust.
[E] its issuance of depreciated paper money.

46. The House of Representatives decided the 1824 presidential election when
[A] widespread voter fraud was discovered.
[B] the House was forced to do so by “King Caucus.”
[C] William Crawford suffered a stroke and was forced to drop out of the race.
[D] Henry Clay, as Speaker of the House, made the request.
[E] no candidate received a majority of the vote in the Electoral College.

47. The nullification crisis of 1833 resulted in a clear-cut victory for

[A] Andrew Jackson and the Union.
[B] South Carolina.
[C] states’ rights.
[D] neither Andrew Jackson nor the nullifiers.
[E] the industrialists.

48. In their treatment of Native Americans, white Americans did all of the following except
[A] trick them into ceding land to whites.
[B] promise to acquire land only through formal treaties.
[C] argue that Indians could not be assimilated into the larger society.
[D] recognize the tribes as separate nations.
[E] try to civilize them.

49. After the War of 1812, Europe

[A] continued to have an important impact on American shipping.
[B] developed very close ties to the United States.
[C] sought more trade with China.
[D] became more democratic and liberal.
[E] returned to conservativism, illiberalism, and reaction.
50. One reason for the Anglo-Texan rebellion against Mexican rule was that
[A] the Mexicans tried to establish slavery among the Americans.
[B] the Mexican government refused to allow the “Old Three Hundred” to purchase land.
[C] the Anglo-Texans wanted to break away from a government that had grown too authoritarian.
[D] the Mexicans opposed slavery.
[E] the Anglo-Texans objected to the Mexican government’s execution of Stephen Austin.

51. In the 1820s and 1830s one issue that greatly raised the political stakes was
[A] economic prosperity.
[B] the Peggy Eaton affair.
[C] slavery.
[D] the demise of the Whig Party.
[E] a lessening of political party organizations.

52. Henry Clay’s call for federally funded roads and canals received whole-hearted endorsement from
[A] Jeffersonian Republicans.
[B] the West.
[C] President Madison.
[D] the South.
[E] New England.

53. The performance of the United States’ Navy in the War of 1812 could be best described as
[A] poor.
[B] much better than that of the army.
[C] excellent due to the use of press gang crews.
[D] mediocre.
[E] good but not as good as the army.

54. John Quincy Adams’s weaknesses as president included all of the following except
[A] he was tactless.
[B] his sarcastic personality.
[C] a deep nationalistic view.
[D] his firing good office holders to appoint his own people.
[E] only one-third of the voters voted for him.

55. Perhaps the key battle of the War of 1812, because it protected the United States from full-scale invasion and possible
dissolution, was the Battle of
[A] Mackinac.
[B] Horseshoe Bend.
[C] Plattsburgh.
[D] the Thames.
[E] Fallen Timbers.

56. The “cement” that held the Whig party together in its formative days was
[A] support of the American System.
[B] opposition to the tariff.
[C] opposition to the Anti-Masonic party.
[D] hatred of Andrew Jackson.
[E] the desire for a strong president.

57. John Quincy Adams could be described as

[A] a politician with great tact.
[B] an excellent politician.
[C] a man of limited intelligence.
[D] a man who sought popular support.
[E] possessing almost none of the arts of the politician.

58. William Henry Harrison, the Whig party’s presidential candidate in 1840, was
[A] the first military officer to become president.
[B] a very effective chief executive.
[C] made to look like a poor western farmer.
[D] a true “common man.”
[E] born in a log cabin.

59. The spoils system under Andrew Jackson resulted in

[A] a clean sweep of federal job holders.
[B] the replacement of insecurity by security in employment.
[C] the appointment of many corrupt and incompetent officials to federal jobs.
[D] the same actions of those taken by John Quincy Adams.
[E] the destruction of the personalized political machine.

60. The nullification crisis started by South Carolina over the Tariff of 1828 ended when
[A] South Carolina took over the collection of tariffs.
[B] Andrew Jackson used the court system to force compliance.
[C] the federal army crushed all resistance.
[D] Congress used the provisions of the Force Bill.
[E] Congress passed the compromise Tariff of 1833.

61. One of the most important by-products of the War of 1812 was
[A] the subjugation of the Indians.
[B] increased economic dependence on Europe.
[C] a heightened spirit of nationalism.
[D] a renewed commitment to states’ rights.
[E] a resurgence of the Federalist party.

62. The people who proposed the exceptionally high rates of the Tariff of 1828 were
[A] ardent supporters of Andrew Jackson.
[B] supporters of John Quincy Adams.
[C] Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun.
[D] southern plantation owners.
[E] abolitionists.

63. The outcome of the War of 1812 was

[A] a heavy blow to American manufacturing.
[B] a stimulus to patriotic nationalism in the United States.
[C] a decisive victory for the United States.
[D] a decisive victory for the British.
[E] an embarrassment for American diplomacy.

64. The delegates of the Hartford Convention adopted resolutions that included a call for
[A] war with England.
[B] the dissolution of the Federalist party.
[C] a separate peace treaty between New England and the British.
[D] New England’s secession from the Union.
[E] a Constitutional amendment requiring a two-thirds vote in Congress before war was declared.

65. Post-War of 1812 nationalism could be seen in all of the following except
[A] the building of a more handsome national capital.
[B] an expanded army.
[C] the way in which American painters depicted the beauty of American landscapes.
[D] a revival of American religion.
[E] development of a national literature.

66. The War of 1812 was one of the worst-fought wars in United States history because
[A] too much national anger prevented clear thinking on strategy.
[B] of widespread disunity.
[C] of a non-existent militia.
[D] Native Americans supported the British.
[E] of the poor state of the economy.

67. As a result of the Missouri Compromise

[A] slavery was banned north of
36°30′ in the Louisiana Purchase territory.
[B] slavery was outlawed in all states north of the forty-second parallel.
[C] there were more free states than slave states in the Union.
[D] Missouri was required to free its slaves when they reached full adulthood.
[E] there were more slave than free states in the Union.

68. The policy of the Jackson administration toward the eastern Indian tribes was
[A] to encourage them to preserve their traditional culture.
[B] gradual assimilation.
[C] a war of genocide.
[D] federal protection from state governments.
[E] forced removal.

69. John Marshall uttered his famous legal dictum that “the power to tax involves the power to destroy” in
[A] Gibbons v. Ogden.
[B] Marbury v. Madison.
[C] Fletcher v. Peck.
[D] Dartmouth College v. Woodward.
[E] McCulloch v. Maryland.

70. Andrew Jackson’s inauguration as president symbolized the

[A] involvement of state governments in the economy.
[B] act of style over substance.
[C] newly won ascendancy of the masses.
[D] return of Jeffersonian simplicity.
[E] supremacy of states’ rights over federal power.

71. At the end of the War of 1812, British manufacturers

[A] began dumping their goods in America at extremely low prices.
[B] discontinued trade with America.
[C] saw their profits fall dramatically.
[D] demanded a high tariff against American goods.
[E] conducted only limited trade with America.

72. In diplomatic and economic terms, the War of 1812

[A] resulted in the fall of the British government that concluded the conflict.
[B] could be considered the Second War for American Independence.
[C] was a disaster for the United States.
[D] was a disaster for Britain.
[E] was considered a victory for Britain.

73. While in existence, the second Bank of the United States

[A] was the depository of the funds of the national government.
[B] did little to help the economy.
[C] irresponsibly inflated the national currency by issuing federal bank notes.
[D] limited economic growth by extending public credit.
[E] forced an ever-increasing number of bank failures.

74. The Whigs hoped to win the 1836 election by

[A] forcing the election into the House of Representatives.
[B] emphasizing personality over issues.
[C] outspending their opponents.
[D] using smear tactics.
[E] supporting Henry Clay.

75. Andrew Jackson’s military exploits were instrumental in the United States gaining
[A] possession of Florida.
[B] joint fishing rights in Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland.
[C] gaining control of eastern Texas.
[D] naval limitations on the Great Lakes.
[E] a favorable border with Canada from the Great Lakes to the Rocky Mountains.

76. In the 1820s and 1830s the public’s attitude regarding political parties
[A] grew more negative.
[B] reinforced the belief of the Era of Good Feelings.
[C] saw little change from the early years of our nation.
[D] accepted the sometimes wild contentiousness of political life.
[E] none of these.

77. The Battle of New Orleans

[A] helped the United States to win the War of 1812.
[B] prevented America from taking Canada.
[C] resulted in one more American defeat.
[D] saw British troops defeated by Andrew Jackson’s soldiers.
[E] resulted in Louisiana becoming part of the United States.

78. Britain opposed Spain’s reestablishing its authority in Latin American countries that had successfully revolted because
[A] Britain had great sympathy toward democratic revolutions.
[B] the ports of these nations were now open to lucrative trade.
[C] the United States had asked for such a policy.
[D] it wanted to take control of these nations.
[E] Britain had now allied itself with France.

79. The United States’ most successful diplomat in the Era of Good Feelings was
[A] James Monroe.
[B] John Quincy Adams.
[C] John C. Calhoun.
[D] Daniel Webster.
[E] Andrew Jackson.
Reference: 257
[1] [D]

Reference: 269
[2] [E]

Reference: 234
[3] [C]

Reference: 270-271
[4] [B]

Reference: 242
[5] [E]

Reference: 247
[6] [B]

Reference: 239
[7] [C]

Reference: 265
[8] [B]

Reference: 247
[9] [E]

Reference: 256
[10] [E]

Reference: 258
[11] [C]

Reference: 277
[12] [C]

Reference: 245
[13] [A]

Reference: 243
[14] [C]

Reference: 271
[15] [B]

Reference: 264
[16] [C]

Reference: 280
[17] [E]

Reference: 254
[18] [C]

Reference: 251
[19] [D]

Reference: 275
[20] [A]
Reference: 278
[21] [D]

Reference: 250
[22] [C]

Reference: 256
[23] [A]

Reference: 245
[24] [D]

Reference: 270
[25] [E]

Reference: 244
[26] [D]

Reference: 243
[27] [B]

Reference: 276
[28] [D]

Reference: 271
[29] [D]

Reference: 243
[30] [C]

Reference: 242
[31] [E]

Reference: 280
[32] [B]

Reference: 235
[33] [B]

Reference: 265
[34] [B]

Reference: 237
[35] [B]

Reference: 254
[36] [E]

Reference: 240
[37] [C]

Reference: 284
[38] [B]

Reference: 237
[39] [D]

Reference: 239
[40] [D]
Reference: 262
[41] [B]

Reference: 272
[42] [C]

Reference: 243
[43] [B]

Reference: 240
[44] [C]

Reference: 269
[45] [B]

Reference: 258
[46] [E]

Reference: 265
[47] [D]

Reference: 265-266
[48] [C]

Reference: 240
[49] [E]

Reference: 279
[50] [C]

Reference: 256
[51] [C]

Reference: 242
[52] [B]

Reference: 234
[53] [B]

Reference: 259
[54] [D]

Reference: 234
[55] [C]

Reference: 272
[56] [D]

Reference: 259
[57] [E]

Reference: 281
[58] [C]

Reference: 262-263
[59] [C]

Reference: 265
[60] [E]
Reference: 240
[61] [C]

Reference: 263
[62] [A]

Reference: 240
[63] [B]

Reference: 237
[64] [E]

Reference: 240
[65] [D]

Reference: 233
[66] [B]

Reference: 245
[67] [A]

Reference: 267
[68] [E]

Reference: 247
[69] [E]

Reference: 262
[70] [C]

Reference: 240
[71] [A]

Reference: 240
[72] [B]

Reference: 269
[73] [A]

Reference: 273
[74] [A]

Reference: 251-252
[75] [A]

Reference: 256
[76] [D]

Reference: 237
[77] [D]

Reference: 253
[78] [B]

Reference: 248
[79] [D]

Reference: 251
[80] [B]