800kW - Wind turbine detail modeling

Wind turbine model with Pitch control

A. Siddharth Joshi B. Pinkal Patel C. Vinod Patel D. Mihir Oza

A. Lecturer, Electrical Engg. Dept. R.K.University, KBDham, Rajkot.
B. Asso.
Ass Prof. Electrical Engg. Dept. SPCE, Visnagar.
C. Sr. R & D Manager, Amtech Electronics (I) Ltd, Sec. 25, GIDC, Gandhingar
D. Lecturer, Electrical Engg. Dept. Om Shanti Engg. College, Rajkot.

ABSTRACT

Today wind energy is very fast growing renewable energy source with enormous amount of
advantages. The mainin part of the windmill is obviously wind turbine. This paper focus on the
different wind turbine models simulations with active pitch control. According to the change in
wind speed the pitching of the blade has been changed and Cp can be calculated by this thi
simulation and according to Cp the exact value has been given to the wind turbine model. In this
paper wind turbine models have been simulated individually and with pitch control technique.

I. INTRODUCTION

Wind power growth with a 20% annual rate has experienced the fastest growth among all
renewable energy sources since five years ago. It is predicted that by 2020 up to 12% of the
world's electricity will have been supplied by wind power. [1]

Wind is stochastic in nature; speed and direction of wind at a location vary randomly with time.
Apart from the seasonal and daily variations, the wind pattern may change from year to year year-
even to the extent of 10 to 30 per cent. Hence, the behavior of the wind at a prospective site
should be properly analyzed. The wind, for example the shoreline breeze, is the result of uneven
heating of the earth by the sun. Sea Breezes, result of the seas ability to maintain temperature.
Daytime land heats Sea is cool & Nighttime land cools faster than sea. [4] This concept is as
shown in Fig. 1. Principle of wind turbine also deals with the two types of force Drag and Lift.
Generally drag forces termed as a loss for WT so it should be minimized but it is always present.

Fig. 1 Basics of Wind energy – Wind generation [2]

 Fig. 2 Lift and drag on a stationary airfoil and Lift and drag on a translating airfoil [5]

As per Bernoulli’s equation pressure and velocity are inversely proportional to each other same
way in case of drag and lift forces. As per figure 2 drag and lift forces of stationary blade and
translating airfoil has been mentioned. As per observation magnitude of drag force is quite much
small as compare to lift force.

II. BETZ LIMIT FOR WT

Wind turbines follow the Betz law and according to that entire system will work. No wind
turbine could convert more than 59.2% of the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical energy
turning a rotor. This is known as the Betz Limit, and is the theoretical maximum maxi
coefficient of power for any wind turbine. For good turbines Betz limit is within the range of
35-45%. [3]
 Fig. 3 How losses add up [2]

III. WIND TURBINE MODELING

Fig. 4 Torque Output Logic in PSIM

Fig. 5 Torque output at 12 m/s

Now Cp has been generated and in this it is also given in data sheets but for precisely it can be
simulated as under using following equation and CP can be expressed as a function of the tip
speed ratio (λ)) and pitch angle (θ)
( by the following equation, [1]
116 .

  0.22   0.4  5  

 
Where
  .

. 

Fig.6 The Relationship between Pitch Angle and Wind Speed in a Typical PMSG Wind Turbine
[1]

IV. WIND TURBINE MODELING WITH MODEL TO GENERATE

TE CP

Figure Model to Generate Cp with Pitch Angle for Pitch Control

 Fig. 7 Simulation Results

With wind turbine model;

This value can be implemented within wind turbine model,

Fig Simulation of Cp with Wind Turbine

Fig.8

For Wind speed 12m/s Cp has been simulated as per data sheet it is 0.34 which is same as in
simulation. Generally Cp is readily available in some manufacturer’s catalogue.
 Fig. 9 Simulation results of Cp with Wind turbine, Cp and Torque

RPM Model :
As per equation of RPM,
(WindSpeed * TSR * 60)
RPM =
Dia.ofrotor * pi

Fig. 10 RPM model in PSIM ® 6.0 environment

According to this RPM model speed control has been achieved and it is done with the help of
TSR which can be find from data sheets and it can be also found from this equation of Cp
because Cp id a function of TSR (Tip Speed Ratio) and Blade angle (Beta). Hence speed control
has been achieved. At wind speed 12m/s following result is obtained;

Fig. 11 Results of RPM model

V. CONCLUSION
When there is a change in wind speed the pitching of the blade has been changed and Cp can be
calculated by this simulation and according to Cp the exact value has been given to the wind
turbine model. In this work pitch control is done to generate a Cp and this thing can be compare
with Wind turbine data sheet. Here it is focused on Cp because Cp is a function of lambda i.e. tip
speed ratio and beta i.e. blade angle so ultimately if beta can be controlled
controlled Cp is controlled. So
pitching would be done.

REFERENCES

[1] Jianzhong Zhang, Ming Cheng, Zhe Chen, Xiaofan Fu, Pitch Angle Control for Variable
Speed Wind Turbines, DRPT2008 6-9 6 9 April 2008 Nanjing China, 978-7-900714-13-8/08/
978
©2008 DRPT. 1; DRPT2008 6-9 6 April 2008 Nanjing China.
[2] Rajveer Mittal1, K. S. Sandhu2 And D. K. Jain3, “Low Voltage Ride-Through
Through (Lvrt) O
Of Grid
Interfaced Wind Driven PMSG”, Arpn Journal Of Engineering And Applied Sciences, Vol.
4, No. 5, July 2009 ISSN 1819
1819-6608.
[3] Hugh Piggott, “Wind power Workshop: Building your own Wind Turbine” Centre of
Alternative technology Publications
Publications.
[4] Animesh DuttaEnergy,
Energy, ”Basics of Wind Energy Technology”, Energy, Asian Institute of
Technology; July 06, 2006.
[5] Wind Energy Systems by Dr. Gary L. Johnson October 10, 2006; Electronic Copy.
Copy
[6] Enercon Wind turbine data sheets By Enercon Wind Turbine.