Gaseous State

CHEM ACADEMY 1 Gaseous State (Solution)
GASEOUS STATE
EXERCISE I
Single Correct Type
P1V1 P2 V2
1. 
n1T1 n 2 T2
100 50

323 T2
T2  CHEM ACADEMY
50  323 1615
100

10
 161.5
1 V
2.  2
300 330
330
V2   1.1
300
0.4P1
3. P2  P1 
100
 0.4P1 
 P1 
P1  100 

T1 T1  1
1 1.004

T1 T1  1
T1  1
 1.004
T1
1 1000
 0.004 T1   250
T1 4
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4. Acc to Avogardro law, same number of molecules occupy equal volumes
 Ratio is 1 : 1 : 1 : 1.
5. P1 I
P P2 II
P3 III
V
 P 1 > P 2 > P3
 T 1 > T2 > T3
as P  T at constant volume.
6. cos P  cos V  cos C
cos P  cos C  cos V
PV = constant.
PV = C
P
C
V
CHEM ACADEMY

P
V V
C
 2
P
vs V 2  exponential
V
dP m
7. Slope   (PV) 
1 M
d 
V
1
Slope 
M
8. dRT = PM
 M
d1RT  P1  3 
 2
M
2d1RT  P2  
 2
3P1 1

P2 2
P2
 2  3  6 :1 .
P1
9. dmix RT = Pmix Nmix
1.3  0.0821 273  1 M mix
N mix  29.13729
 
29.13729  x N 2  28  1  x N2  32
31.27189  32  4x N2
x N2  0.182
2.7 ×
1.3 × 0.0821 × 273 =
1.3 × 0.0810 × 273 = Nmix
28.7469
28.7469  28 x N2  32  32 x N 2
28.7469  32  4x N2
0.0831 × 1.3 × 273 = Nmix
29.5233  32  4 x N 2
10.
CHEM ACADEMY
0.6191 bar
2 × 0.0821 × 273 = 1 × Nmix Nmix = 44.82
m1  m 2 20  m 2
 
V1  V2 11
m1  m 2
2
11. nA  n B
15 75

30 M B
M B  75  2 g/mol
MB
vapour density   75g/mol .
2
12. 20 g H2 in 100 g mixture
20 100 100
 n H2  10  n Total   2.9411
2 2  32 34
10
P  x H2
2.9411
20  2  80  32
M mix 
100
M mix  26
20
x H2   0.8
26
2  0.0821 300
13.
8.21
1  1 2  32 34
14. M eff     17
2 2 2
1 2  32 34
n Total   2
2 17 17
32 1
n1  1 n2    0 .5
64 2
M eff 
CHEM ACADEMY
1 2  0.5  64 2
1.5

3
Correct option is (c)
15. PV = nRT
1 0.82
n
0.082  276
G.M.
n  0.036 
M.M.
1
M.M.   27.7 g / mol
0.036
 The compound is B2H6
3
16.  0.5  8.314  273
2
3RT 50 800
17. 
M 2 32
25  25
18. K.E  T
K1 K 2 1K1
 K2 
T1 T2 2
K1 K1
 2T2  600
600 2  T2
T2 = 300K
19. Factual
20. Ump : Uavg : Urms
8
2: : 3

 1.414 : 1.596 : 1.732
 1 : 1.128 : 1.224.
21. K.E  T
Average K.E is a function of temperature only.
22. U rms 
CHEM ACADEMY
3RT
M

3  PV
nM
8RT 8 R  R
23. O2  
M  32
3 R  T RT 3RT
N2  
28 4 28
RT 28 7
 
4 3RT 3
3 3
24. n1RT1  n 2 RT2
2 2
0.3 R T1 = 0.4 × R × 400
0.4  400
T1   533
0.3
25. If Urms A = Urms B
TA T
Then only,  B
MA MB
 TAMB = TBMA.
26. Average K.E. is a function of temperature only
 Ratio of K.E is 1 : 1 at 300 K.
27. Factual
105
28. U rms  m / s  103 ms 1
102
3RT 3PV
U rms  
M nM
106  3P  103 m3
N 1023
n 
N A 6.022  1023
1 mole  M
1 M
moles 
6.022 6.022
1023 molecules  1022 g  1025 kg
1 molecules 1025  1023 kg
CHEM ACADEMY
6.022  1023  6.022  1025 kg
3  P 103
106 
0.166  6.022  1025
3P
106  103  1025 
1
3P = 10–16
1
P   10x x  16
3
3  P  m3
m 2s 2 
mole  kg mol1
g m2 g s 2
P 
x 2  m3 m
1
29. Rate of diffusion 
Molar mass
order of
 Rate of diffusion is CO2 > SO2 >SO3 > PCl3.
V1 / t1 f1 m2
30. 
V2 / t 2 f1 m1
20 / 60 30 1 30 1
   3  VO 
VO 2 / 30 60 2 2
VO 2  10 2  14.14 
31. KE  T
 at constant temperature, K·E will not change.
3PB V
32. (B) u1 
x BM B
3PA V
(A) 2u1 
x A  2M B 
3PA  V n B  M B
4 
n A  2M B  3PB  V
4 CHEM ACADEMY
PA
2PB
PA
 8 :1
PB
33. Area under a Maxwell curve represents the total fraction of molecules from speed 0 to 
Area abcd here represents fraction of molecules lying in speed between a and b.
34. (a) Total area under Maxwell curve = 1 i.e., Total fraction
 It is independent of moles of gas.
(c)  U mp  T
 At higher temperature, Ump increases and its length increases and height decreases so as to
keep the area as one.
2
3/ 2 M  2U mp 
 1 dN   M   2
  4   e 2RT  2U mp  d u
 N du 1   2RT 
35. MU mp2
 1 dN   M 
3/ 2
 2

N du
 4   e 2RT  U mp  d u
 2  2RT 
 2RT 
 U mp 
2

 M 
4M 2RT
 
e 2RT M
4 e 4 4
 M 2RT  4   4e–3
 
2RT M
e 1 e 3
e
2RT 3RT
36. U mp : :
M M
37. Ump is the speed attained by maximum fraction. But this maximum fraction will not be one. It would
be less than one.
38. Total number of molecules
N
n
NA
1.4
 6.022  10 23  0.3011 10 23
28
39. n NA
P
an 2
V2 CHEM ACADEMY
Pa m 6 mol2
1 P
40.  N* 
2 2 N* KT
T
 
P
at constant pressure,   T
T
41. 
P
at constant pressure
T
1  2

T1 T2
1 200 1
 
 2 800 4
42. Factual
a
43. T is the Boyle’s temperature.
Rb
Above Boyle’s temperature, repulsion dominates
 Z>1
44. S.I unit of a = Pam6 mol–2
Vmreal
45. Z
Vmideal
Z > 1 (at high pressure)

Z repulsion dominates
Z < 1 (at low pressure)

attraction dominates
46. If in a gas equation, there is no ‘a’ term (which signifies magnitude of forces of attraction), than the
gas can not be liquified.
 PVm = RT
P(Vm – b) = RT
Neither A nor B can be liquified.
47. Z  1
CHEM ACADEMY
a
Vm RT
 1
20.39
35  0.0821 350
PVm
 0.98
RT
0.98  0.821 350

P  0.80
35
High pressure
0.8  0.1383
Z  1
0.0821 350
 an 2 
48.  P  2   V   nRT
 V 
an 2
PV   nRT
V
4
b  4  r3
3
4 4
24 cm 3 mol1   3.14  r 3  6.022  10 23 mol 1
3
24  3
r3   1023
4  4  3.14  6.022
1/ 3
 24  30  1024  1.33  108  cm
r    1.33Å
 16  3.14  6.022  1.33 10 10 m
4
49. b  4  r 3  N A
3
50. For H2, Z > 1,
Pb
 Z  1 always
RT
 a 
51. For,  P  2  V  RT
 V 
There is only attraction term in the gas equation.
 Z<1
CHEM ACADEMY
Z  1
a
VRT
52. For a real gas
at high pressure z > 1, Vreal > Videal
at low pressure z < 1, Vreal < Videal
At high P
P
at low ideal
P real
V
53. For H2
Vreal
Z 1
Videal
Vreal  Videal
Preal  Pideal
54. a is a measure of forces of attraction.
 a H2 O  a CO2  a Ar
a Kr  a Ar  a Ne  a He
(as vander waal interactions depends on size)
n-pentane > isopentane > neopentane
an 2
55. a , V 
V2
56. Higher the value of ‘a’, greater will be the forces of attraction between the molecules
Hence, greater will be the deviation from the ideal behaviour.
57. The magnitude of ‘b’ is a measure of the size of the molecule
b = 4 times of actual volume
And the order of size is He < H2 < N2 < Cl2.
8a
58. TC 
27Rb
a 1.59
59. 
60. Z
CHEM ACADEMY
Rb 0.08  0.0318
Vreal
Videal
Z>1
 an 2 
 P  2   V  nb   nRT
 V 
Pb Vreal
Z  1 
RT Videal
 nRT  b  V
1  
 V  R  T  VI
nb V
 1
V VI
nb  V  V1   V  V1 
  nb   
V  V1   V V1 
 V  V1  1
b 
 VV1  n
4  V  V1  1
4  r 3   
3  V V1  n
3  V  V1 
r3   
16 n  V V1 
1/ 3
 3  V  V1  
r 
16n  V V1  
1/ 3
 3  V  V1    3  V  V1  
2r  2     
16  n V V1   2  nVV1 
300  1 600  V
61. Z1  Z2 
R  400 R  200
600  V 1.6  0.0821 200

1.6  V  0.02 L
0.0821 200 600
300  1 600  V 3 2

CHEM ACADEMY
R  400 R  200
V
46
 an 2 
 P    V  nb   nRT
 V2 
 an 2   an 2 
 P  2   V    P  2   nb 
 V   V 
an 2 an 2nb
PV   Pnb   nRT
V V2
B
Z  1
Vm
1  a 
Z  1  B  RT 
Vm
8a
62.  304
27Rb
a
 728
27b 2
8 304 8
b   b  0.417
R 728 0.0821
0.417  0.0821
b b  0.0042
8
304  27  0.0821 0.0042

a
8
4
63. b  4  r 3  N A
4
is times of actual volume
64. VC  3b .
= 3 × 4 times of actual volume
= 12 times of actual volume.
3
65. ZC   0.375
8
A 2B
66. PV  RT  
P 
CHEM ACADEMY
RT A 2B

V V2
V V 2 V3
At critical condition,
 dP  d2P
   0, 0
 dV  dV 2
P RT 2A 6B
 2  3  4 0 ... (1)
V V V V
 2 P 2RT 6A 24B
Also,  3  4  5 0 ... (2)
dV 2 V V V
From equation (1)
2A 6B
RT   ... (3)
V V2
From equation (2)
3A 12B
RT   ... (4)
V V2
Subtracting equation (3) from (4)
A 6B
0 
V V2
A 6B 6B
  Vc 
V V2 A
Substituding Vc in equation (3)
2
2A  A 6B  A  A 2 A2
RTc   2
 
6B  6B  3B 6B
A2
Tc 
6BR
RTc A 2B R A 2  A A  A 2 2B A 3
 Pc      
Vc Vc 2 Vc3  6B  6BR 36B2 216 B3
A3 A3 A3
  
36 B2 36 B2 108B2
Pc 
CHEM ACADEMY
A3
108 B2
Pc Vc 1
Zc  
RTc 3
RT B C
67. P  2 3
Vm Vm V
At critical point,
dP RT 2B 3C
0  
dVm Vm 2 Vm 3 Vm 4
2B 3C
 RT   ... (1)
Vm Vm 2
d2P 2RT 6B 12C

Also, 2
0  
dV Vm 3 Vm 4 Vm5
3B 6C
 RT   ... (2)
Vm Vm 2
Subtracting equation (2) from (1)
B 3C
0  2
Vm Vm
B 3C
 2
Vm Vm
3C
Vm 
B
B2
 TC  (substituting Vm in equation (1))
3CR
B3
PC 
27C2
PV 1
 ZC  C C 
RTC 3
RT a
68. P 
Vm  b TVm 2
At critical point,
dP
dV
0
CHEM ACADEMY
 RT 2a
2
 0
 Vm  b  TVm 3
RT 2a
2
 ... (1)
 Vm  b  TVm 3
d2P
0
dV 2
2RT 6a
3
 0
 Vm  b  TVm 4
RT 3a
3
 ... (2)
 Vm  b  TVm 4
Dividing equation (1) by (2),

2Vm
Vm  b 
3
Solving, Vm = 3b
8a
69. TC  31º C 
27 Rb
PC = 728 atm
a

27b 2
TC 2 64a 2 27b 2
 
PC  27  2 R 2 b 2 a
2
 304  
64 a
728 27 R 2
2 2
a
 304   27   0.0821
 0.36
728  64
EXERCISE II
More Than One Correct Type
1. (a) For gas molecules
KE  T CHEM ACADEMY
 At 0K, average K.E is 0
Molecules comes to rest
(b) If T  0 K , then there would be definitely some amount of translational K.E.
2RT
(d) U mp  Molar mass = 2 × vapour density
M
1
 U mp 
V.D.
2. (a) At high pressure Z > 1
 Vm, real  Vm,ideal
This is because here, repulsion dominates.
Thus, it is not easy to compress gases.
(b) For H2, He, Z > 1 at all pressures.
 They are always less compressible than ideal gases.
At low pressure Z  1
(c)  for gases other than H2 / He
at high pressure Z  1
(d) Z is a function of pressure only.
3. For a gaseous state
Thermal energy >> molecular attraction.
4. Pn
r1 n1 P1
 
r2 n 2 P2
16 P1 m1 / M1
 
3 P2 m 2 / M 2
16 2  M 2 
  
3 3  M1 
a 8a
5. PC  VC  3b TC 
27b 2 27Rb
a 2
(b) 3  2
  3b   a
27b
1 R  8a
(c)   27b 2  a
(d)
27 2
CHEM ACADEMY
8 27Rb  a
 8a  27b
R   
2 2
64  27Rb  a
27  R 2  64a 2  27b 2
 a
64  27  27  R 2  b 2
6. P1  12 atm T1  300K
P2 = 14.9 atm
P1 P2

T1 T2
12 14.9

300 T2
14.9  300
T2   372.5 K  99.5º C
12
2RT
7. u m.p 
M
T
u m.p 
M
u m.p (Gas B)   m.p (Gas A)
TB TA

MB MA
He 28
8.   7  2.65
CO 4
He 44
  11
CO 2 4
He 64
 4
SO 2 4
an 2
9. atm 
CHEM ACADEMY
V2
atm L mol2
2
3RT
10. U rms 
M
Urms is a function of temperature and molar mass only.
(liquid)
11. C (gas)
P 200K
20 atm
(liquid + 150K
vapour) (vapour)
10 atm
50K
V
12. (a) Vapour is a state of gas below its critical temperature. Here, it can be converted into liquid just
by applying pressure.
(b) Above Tc a gas cannot be liquified whatever be the pressure applied.
(c) At Tc, all the physical propeties of liquid and vapour state becomes equal.
 density    = density (v)
13.
T1
T2
µmp ump2
1
u mp2  u mp1
Hence fraction of particles decreases when ump increases.
168 P
14. Z  T  0.35 P 
T
At Boyle’s temperature
 Z 
 0
 P 
 Z  168
 P   0.35  T  0
 T
T
CHEM ACADEMY
168
 480 K
0.35
At TB = 480 K, asttraction = repulsion
Below TB, attraction dominates
Above TB, repulsion dominates.
15. Area under Maxwell curve
= Total fraction of molecules
= 1 (always)
 area under all the three curves is same.
EXERCISE III
Numerical Answer Type
1. nT = nA + nB + nC
= 2.709821
Pn
n T RT 2.709  0.0821 300
PT    66.74 atm
V 1
400 103 60  103 0.4 0.06

2. nT   
32 2 32 2
n T  0.0425
0.0425  0.0821 373

P
1.5
PT = 0.867 atm (initial)
1
H 2  O2  N 2 O
2
0.03 0.0125 (Limiting R)
2H2 + O2  2H2O
0.03–2(0.0125) 0 2 × 0.0125
0.005 0 0.025
0.005  0.0821 373 0.025  0.0821 373
PH 2  PH 2O 
1.5 1.5
= 0.102 atm PH2 O  0.51 atm

3. T1 = 300 K
n1  n 1
CHEM ACADEMY T2 = ?
n2 
2
n1
5
(a) nT = constant
n1 T1 = n2 T2
2
n1  300  n1  T2
5
300  5
T2   750 K  477º C
2
(b) n1 T1 = n2 T2
n1 × 300 = n2 × 900
n2 1

n1 3
2
escaped  reduced
3
(c) n1 T1 = n2 T2
1
n1  300  n1  T2
2
T2  2  300  600 K  327º C
3RT1 8R  300
4. 
64 3.14  32
2400  64
T1   236.3º C
3  3.14  32
3RT 3P
5. 
M d
3  105
u rms   489.81 ms 1
1.2504
8RT 8P 8  105
u avg     451.39 ms 1
M d 3.14  1.2504
u mp 
CHEM ACADEMY
2 P
d

2  105
1.2504
 400.62 ms 1
6. u m.p  T
u1 u u2 = 2u1
 2
T1 T2
u1 2u
 1 2  400  T2
400 T2
T2  4  400  1600
3 3
7. E KT   1.380 1023  300
2 2
 6.21 10 21 J / molecule
PVm PV
8. Z 
RT nRT
10.1325 10 3  100  10 3
0.927 
n  8.314  273.15
10.1325  103  102

n
0.927  8.314  273.15
m
 4.81 103  105  4.81 102  3
g mol 1
10  32
m  153.92 10 2 kg 10 3
m = 15.39 kg
n1 M2
9. 
n2 M1
n1 146
  5.21
n2 28
 NO  d1 M2
10. 
 O2  d 2 M1
1m
1 x 32 NO O2

x 30 32
1
x
CHEM ACADEMY
 1  1.032
30
1–x x
1
 2.032 x = 0.49
x
1 – x = 0.5 m = 50.8 cm.
22 0.0821 300
11. (a) P    24 atm
44 0.5
 an 2 
(b)  P  2   V  nb   nRT
 V 
a  363.76  103 Pa dm 6 mol2
363.76  103  105 atm dm6 mol2
b  42.67  103 dm3 mol1

Vm = 1
 363.76 102 
 1  42.67 10   0.08  300
3
 P 
 1 
 P  3.637 1  0.0426  24

P = 25.06 – 3.637
P = 21.43 atm.
PV 800  V1
12. 1.95    1L ... (1)
nRT n1  0.0821 223
200  V2
1.1  ... (2)
n 2  0.0821 373
From (1)
200  V2
1.1 
n1  0.0821 373
800
n1   22.4
0.0821 223  1.95
Putting in (2)
1.1 22.4  0.0821 373
V2 
200
CHEM ACADEMY
V2 = 3.77 L
T
13. u rms 
M
T1 T2 T1 308
 
M1 M2 2 28
308  2
T1   22 K
28
14. PV = constant
P1V1  P2 V2
V1
1.1  0.1 V1  P2 
3
P2 = 3
Aqueous Tension = Pressure exerted by moist gas – pressure exerted by dry gas
15. PM = dRT
1 atm = 760 mm Hg
1
740 mm Hg   740 atm
760
740
 M mix  1.146  0.0821 300
760
1.146  0.0821 300  760
M mix   28.98
740
n  28   100  n  32 
28.98 
100
2898  28n  3200  32n
n  75.27%
16. (a) 1 molecule  4  100 3

3
6.022  4  3.14  1023  106

6.022  1023 molecules 
3
CHEM ACADEMY  25.21 1029 pm3 mol1
 2.5  103 dm3 mol1
4 3
(b) b  4   3  r 
 1mol
 4  2.5  103 dm3 mol 1
 10.08  103 dm3 mol1
RT
(c) Vmcontainer   22.4 L
P
Vfree volume = Vcontainer – Vactual (1 mole)
= 22.4 – (2.5 × 10–3) = 22.39 L
8a
17. Tc  647 K  ... (1)
27Rb
a
Pc  22.09  106 Pa 
27 b 2
Vc  0.0566 dm 3 mol 1  3b .
0.0566
b dm 3 mol1
3
b  0.0188dm3 mol1
Tc 8a 27 b2
 
Pc 27 Rb a
647 K 8b
6

22.09  10 Pa R
8  0.0188dm3 mol1  22.09  106 Pa

R
647 K
8  0.0188 L mol1  220.9 atm


647 K
R = 0.0513 1 atm K–1 mol–1
R = 5.2 J K–1 mol–1
Similarly from (1) a = 212.3 KPa dm6 mol–1
18.  CHEM ACADEMY

1
2 2 N*
Mean free path
PN A 10 10  Pascal  6  10

9 5 23
* 6 1019
N     2.4 1016
RT 25 1 1 2500
JK Mol  300 K
3
1

22 2
  500 pm  500  1012 m  5  1010 m
1.4    5  1010   2.4  1016
7
= 37.88 m
19. Formula based.
8a 8  371.843  103  105

20. Tc  
27 Rb 27  0.0821 40.8  103
 32.89 10  328.9
EXERCISE IV
Previous Year Questions
1.
T1
1 dN T2
N du
T1 < T2, on decreasing temperature curve shifts from right to left, as U mp  T

So, length decreases.
height increases
width decreases
1
2. U avg 
M
 order of Uavg  H 2  N 2  O 2
CHEM ACADEMY
PV
3. PV = nRT
PV
at const Temp.
PV
at const T
ln P
ln P  ln  nRT   ln V
ln V
u1 T1 / M1
4. 
u2 T2 / M 2
T1 T T 2 1
 2  1  
M1 M 2 T2 4 2
2RT
5.  1000 ms 1  u rms
M
8 RT 2 2 RT 2
u avg    u rms
M  M 
2
  1000  1128.6 ms1
3.14
6. CHEM ACADEMY
U mp  U avg  U rms
2RT 8RT 3RT

 
M M M
7. Vander waal coefficient ‘b’ depends on the size of the molecules
b  N 2   b  O2 
U mp 2RT / M 2
8.  
U rms 3RT / M 3
1245 103 1 5 RT
9. ms 
60  60 3M
RT 3 1245 103
 
M 5 60  60
RT 3  3 1245  103
u rms  3   
M 5 60  60
= 803.6 ms–1
10. Excluded volume = 8 times of actual volume.
11. C3H8 + 5O2  3CO2 + 4H2O PT 4 atm
Initial y x/32
x 3 x 4 x
Final Cy  0  4.2 atm
32  5 5 32 5 32
x
y  4
32
nRT
Pinitial   1L
V
 x 
4  Pinitial   y    0.0821 373
 32 
 x 
4   y    30.6233
 32 
 x 
 y    0.1306
 32 
x
y  0.1306 
CHEM ACADEMY
Final  0.1306 
32
x 3x 4x
  
x
32 160 160 160
x 6x
 0.1306  
32 160
nT  R  T
PT 
V
4.2  n T  0.0821 373
4.2
nT 
0.0821 373
nT = 0.1371
x 6x
0.1371  0.1306  
32 160
6.5  103  6.25  103 x
6.5
x x  1.04 g
6.25
2RT 2  8  400
12. u mp   3
 400 103
M 16 10
 20  10 10  632.4 ms 1
6.36
13. n Cu   0.1 mole
63.6
1Cu  s   2NO 2  g 
0.1  2 × 0.1 NO2(g)
n = 0.2 mole NO2
P = 1 atm T = 298
1 × V = 0.2 × 0.082 × 298
V = 4.89 L
3RT 8 RT
14. :  1.086 :1
M M
15. At Boyle’s temp, since, attraction forces becomes equal to repulsion forces. Thus net forces of the
system becomes zero.
16.
CHEM ACADEMY
Hence, the gas behaves ideally.
P T = PA + PB
PO2  x O2  PT
PO2 x
32 1  1 1
    
PT x x 32  32 16 
32 16
1  1  2  1 32 1
    
32  32  32 3 3
17. V
Both the pases will have equal kinetic energy as they are at same temperature.
P.E. of the 2 phases will be different as there are different intermolecular forces between the two
phases.
P
18. Rate of diffusion 
m
P

d
8RT
19.  0.3
M
0.3 300

u 1200
0.3 1
 µ = 0.6
u 2
q
20. p accounts for the intermolecular forces.
V2
21. NH3 HCl

NH4Cl
Since, HCl is a heavier gas, its rate of travelling will be less than that of NH3.
Thus NH4Cl vapours will be formed near the HCl.
22. It is a measure of intermolecular forces of attraction.
 Higher the value of a more easily the gas can be liquified.
23.
CHEM ACADEMY
dRT = PM
d
PM
RT
P
 d
T
 The P/T ratio is highest at 0ºC and 2 atm
 density of neon will be highest at this condition.
 CH 4  u1 M2
24. 
X u2 M1
M2
2
16
4  16  M 2  64
25. Factual
1
2  1   16 
26. x H2     
1 1  2   30 
2 30
1 30 15
  
2 16 16
27. For an ideal gas z = 1.
28. Tc  a (intermolecular forces of attraction)
H2O molecules have higher forces due to its dipole moment (polar nature).
1/ 2
rA PA  M B 
29.   
rB PB  M A 
30. A gas behaves ideally at high temperature and low pressure.
7 TH2 / 2
31. 
1 TN2 / 28
7  TN2 TH2
 TN2  2TH 2
28 2
TN2  TH 2
Vreal
32. 1 Vreal  22.4
Videal
33.
CHEM ACADEMY
Volume of H2O = 1 L  1000 g
Volume of 1000 g steam 

1000
cm3
0.0006
1000
Volume of molecules in cm3 steam = 1000 cm3
0.0006
1000
Volume of molecules in 1000 cm3 steam   0.0006  1000  0.60 cm 3 .
1000
3P 1
34. U rms  
d d
V1 V2
35.  and V
T1 T2
T
This equation should be applicable check the applicability of this equation for the given data for all
the curves.
36. Factual
37. Factual
3
38. K.E  RT
2
1/ 2
3RT 2 K.E  2E 
u   
M M M
 rate He M CH 4 16
39.   4
 rate CH4
M He 4
an 2
40. represents the measure of attraction forces in a real gas.
V2
 an 2 
41.  P    V  nb   nRT
 V2 
 a 
 P  2   V   RT
 V 
PV 
a
V CHEM ACADEMY
 RT
a
PV  RT 
V
slope = –a
 21.6  20.1 
 2  3   1.5
 

Gaseous State

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CHEM ACADEMY 1 Gaseous State (Solution)

1 molecules 1025  1023 kg

Z > 1 (at high pressure)

Z < 1 (at low pressure)

0.98  0.821 350

600  V 1.6  0.0821 200

304  27  0.0821 0.0042

d2P 2RT 6B 12C

Dividing equation (1) by (2),

u m.p (Gas B)   m.p (Gas A)

400 103 60  103 0.4 0.06

0.0425  0.0821 373

= 0.102 atm PH2 O  0.51 atm

 6.21 10 21 J / molecule

10.1325  103  102

a  363.76  103 Pa dm 6 mol2

363.76  103  105 atm dm6 mol2

b  42.67  103 dm3 mol1

 P  3.637 1  0.0426  24

16. (a) 1 molecule  4  100 3

6.022  4  3.14  1023  106

CHEM ACADEMY  25.21 1029 pm3 mol1

 2.5  103 dm3 mol1

 4  2.5  103 dm3 mol 1

 10.08  103 dm3 mol1

8  0.0188dm3 mol1  22.09  106 Pa

8  0.0188 L mol1  220.9 atm

18.  CHEM ACADEMY

PN A 10 10  Pascal  6  10

8a 8  371.843  103  105

 32.89 10  328.9

T1 < T2, on decreasing temperature curve shifts from right to left, as U mp  T

2RT 8RT 3RT

21. NH3 HCl

30. A gas behaves ideally at high temperature and low pressure.

Volume of 1000 g steam 

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