SOUVENIR

National Conference
on
“Carbon Dioxide, Capture, Storage & Recycling”

27 th & 28th April, 2013

Organised by
Advanced Material Research Centre(AMRC)
Konark Institute of Science & Technology
Bhubaneswar
 ORGANISING COMMITTEE MEMBERS

Patron:
Mr. Suresh Panigrahi

Chairman:
Prof. (Dr.) Payodhar Padhi, Principal, KIST

Coordinators:
Prof. (Dr.) Sanjay. Ku. Rout , HOD, Chemistry
Er. Debashis Panda, Research Scholar
Mr. Shasank Sekhar Swain, Research scholar

Members:
Prof. (Dr.) V.S. Murty, Distinguished Professor, KIST
Prof. (Dr.) A. R. Panda, Vice Principal, KIST
Prof. (Dr.) L.N.Padhy, HOD, CSE
Prof. (Dr.) P.S. Khuntia, HOD, ETC Engg.
Prof. (Dr.) S. Sahoo, HOD, Mechanical Engg.
Prof. B.K. Panda, HOD, A E & I Engg.
Er. L. K. Behera, Sr. Lecturer, CSE
Er. B. N. Dash, Asst. Prof. Mechanical Engg.
Dr. M. Nagaraju, Dean, T & P Cell
Er. A. Panigrahi, SWO
Mr. S.C. Sahoo, NINL, Jajpur
 SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

Prof (Dr). B.K. Mishra, Director of IMMT, Bhubaneswar

Prof (Dr) . T. Pal, Dept. of chemistry, IIT Khargpur.
Prof (Dr).I.N. Bhattacharya, Hydro & Electro Metallurgy Dept. IMMT,
Bhubaneswar
Dr. B.C.Tripathy, Hydro & Electro Metallugy Dept., IMMT, Bhubaneswar
Dr. C.S. Gopinath, CatalysisDivision, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune
Prof. Brindaban C. Ranu Dept. Of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for
the Cultivation of Science
Dr. B. K. Sathpathy, G.M. (R&D) NALCO, Bhubaneswar
Mr. A. C. Mishra, Executive Director, I.O.C., New Delhi
Mr. P. C. Sahoo, President, MESCO, Jajpur
Mr. K.Dash, Senior Vice President, Bakri Telecom. Indonesia
Mr. Jadvendra Singh Plaha, Enfield India, Lucknow
Mr. R.K. Satpathy, Deputy Director General, DRDO
Mr. Kamalbir Singh, Director, Orion Group (G.C.), U.K.

Mr. Sabyasachi Mohanty, Dept. of Bio Information, BJB Auto College

Mr. S.K. Kar, Sr. Manager & H.O.D., C.T.T.C. Bhubaneswar
Mr. Karun Jain, National Instruments, Bangalore
Mr. G.B. Kiran, Executive Vice President, BRPL, Jajpur
Mr. J.K. Pattanaik, CIPET, Bhubaneswar
Mr. S.P. Pattanaik, MD, NINL,Jajpur
Mr. S.K. Mishra, Joint MD, NINL , Jajpur
Mr.B.K. Sahoo, FACOR, Bhadrak
 PROGRAMME SCHEDULE

27TH APRIL : Inaugural session

8.00 a.m. - 10.00 a.m. : Registration

10.00 a.m. - 10.15 a.m. : Lighting of lamp and welcome song
10.15 a.m. - 10.25 a.m. : Welcome address by Chairman of CCSR
Prof. P. Padhi
10.25 a.m. - 10.30 a.m.: About conference addressed by
Prof. V.S. Murty , IIT, Chennai
10.30 a.m. - 10.40 a.m.: Speech by Prof. T.K.Pal, Dept. of Chemistry
IIT , Kharagpur and by
Prof.(Dr.) S.V.S. Phani kumar , NIOT, Chennai
10.40a.m - 10.55 a.m.: Address by Chief guest Prof.(Dr.) B.K.Mishra,
Director,IIMT, Bhubaneswar
10.55 a.m. - 11.00 a.m.: Vote for thanks by Dr. S.K. Rout, Convenor
CCSR- 2013
11.00 a.m. - 11.15 a.m.: Tea break

TECHNICAL SESSION-I
11.15 a.m. - 12.00 p.m.: Prof. (Dr.) B.C. Meikap
Dept. Of Chemical eng. IIT, Kharagpur.
12.00 p.m. - 12.40 p.m.: Prof. (Dr.)T.K. Pal, Dept. Of Chemistry, IIT, Kgp
12.40 p.m. - 1.30 p.m. : Prof.(Dr.) S.V.S. Phani, NIOT, Chennai
1.30 p.m. - 2.30 p.m. : Launch

TECHNICAL SESSION-II
2.30 p.m. - 3.15 p.m.: Prof(Dr.) Sailabala Padhi, Director, CES
3.15 p.m. – 3.30 p.m.: Mr. C.V.Krishna, Ex Dy Director, OREDA
3.30 p.m. – 4.00 p.m.: Prof.(Dr.) Payodhar Padhi, KIST, Bhubaneswar
4.00 p.m. - 4.15 p.m.: Tea break
4.15 p.m. - 5.00 p.m.: (By participants)
28TH APRIL
TECHNICAL SESSION-III
10.00 a.m. - 10.30 a.m.: Prof. ( Dr.) B.C Ranu, IACSC, Kolkata
10.30 a.m. – 11.00 a.m.: Prof.(Dr.) P. Nanda, VSUT,BURLA
11.00 a.m. - 11.15 a.m.: Prof.(Dr.) B.C.Tripathy,IIMT,Bhubaneswar
11.15 a.m. - 11.30 a.m.: Tea break
11.30 a.m. – 12.05 p.m.: Prof.(Dr.) Manish Kumar, IMMT, Bhubaneswar
12.05 p.m. - 1.30 p.m.: Poster presentation
1.30 p.m. - 2.30 p.m.: Launch

TECHNICAL SESSION-IV
2.30 p.m. - 3.00 p.m.: Visit of AMRC ( R & D Lab , KIST)
3.00 p.m. – 3.30 p.m.: Mr. Sushankar Mohanty,
Sr. Env. Engineer, Brahmani River Pelletes
Limited
3.30 p.m. – 3.45 p.m.: Tea break
3.45 p.m. - 5.00 p.m.: Validation by Dr. S. Nayak, N C I A, USA
Soil carbon sequestration under Casurina plantation in coastal sand dune of
Sagar Island, West Bengal

Manish Kumar1, C R Panda, Abinash Panigrahi, Md. Jamir Ahemad and

Sanghamitra Mohapatra

Abstract
Soil-vegetation systems play an important role in global carbon cycle and soil is the
largest pool of organic carbon. Soil carbon sequestration is one of the effective ways
to mitigate CO2 induced greenhouse effect. A field study was conducted to assess the
carbon sequestration under Casurina sp. plantation in sand dunes of Sagar Island (21°
372 52" N to 88° 04’ 29" E). The primary objective of the present field study was to
compare soil organic carbon under new (10 years) and old (30 years) Casurina
plantation in comparison with unplanted sand dune area and investigate about the
surface and sub-surface variation of soil organic carbon near (high tree litter input)
and between (low tree litter input) Casurina plantation. The maximum organic carbon
was found in surface soil near old Casurina spp tree (3.1 %) with its minimum value
(0.2%) in unplanted sand dune surface soil. The total organic carbon content/ha in
surface and sub-surface soil under Casurina plantation ranged from 25.8 - 58.8 and
12.1 – 25.7 t ha-1 respectively. Although, the total organic carbon content in surface
soil was found to be maximum under old Casurina plantation, but the rate of carbon
sequestration was estimated to be maximum (4.3 t yr-1) near new Casurina plantation.

The rate of carbon sequestration in sub-surface soil ranged 0.59 – 1.02 t yr-1.
 Metal Nanoparticles and Supported Metals for Green and Sustainable
Catalysis

Brindaban C. Ranu
Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of
Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, ocbcr@iacs.res.in

Abstract
The last decade has witnessed a tremendous growth in the field of nanoscience
and nanotechnology. The easy accessibility to nanoparticles has prompted investigations
on their applications in catalysis. The recent reports showed amazing level of their
performance as catalysts in terms of selectivity, reactivity and improved yields of
products. The development of an efficient and industrially and environmentally
acceptable catalyst constitutes one of the important goals towards sustainability and
economic growth. As a part of our interest in this area we initiated an investigation to
explore the potential of environmentally benign and inexpensive copper and Iron
nanoparticles in organic reactions, particularly the fictionalization of molecules.
Copper nano particles have been found to be very efficient catalyst for carbon-
heteroatom bond formation. Thus, Copper nano particles have been used for the
synthesis of aryl sulfides,1 aryl selenides,2 aryl and vinyl dithiocarbamates,3 and aryl
amines by reduction of aromatic nitro compounds4 and azides.5,6 Iron nano particles
have been employed for the electrophilic amination of organo-copper reagents leading
to the synthesis of functionalized tertiary amines7 and reduction of nitro groups in
water at room temperature.8
1. B.C. Ranu, A. Saha, R. Jana, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2007, 349, 2690.
2. A. Saha, D. Saha, B.C. Ranu, Org. Biomol. Chem. 2009, 7, 1652.
3. S. Bhadra, A. Saha, B.C. Ranu, Green Chem. 2008, 10, 1224.
4. A. Saha, B. C. Ranu, J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 6867.
5. S. Ahammed, A. Saha, B. C. Ranu, J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 7235.
6. B.C. Ranu et al Chem Sus Chem. 2012, 22-44.
7. S. Bhadra, S. Ahammed, B.C. Ranu, Curr. Org. Chem. 2012, 16, 1453.
8. R. Dey, N. Mukherjee, et al Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 7982 .
 CHEMICAL LOOPING COMBUSTION (CLC) OF GREEN HOUSE
GASES (GHG) TO PRODUCE SECONDARY FUEL

Rabindranath Barik1, Abani Kumar Dash2 and Narayan Tiadi3

Padmanav College of Engg. Rourkela-769002. Orissa.

Abstract:
Extension of carbon resources, both ecologically and economically is the great measure
to reduce the green house gas (GHG) pollutants exhausted through several
anthropogenic activities in the biosphere. Large availability of carbon dioxide in the
environment stimulates it as the major source for many organic chemical syntheses.
The Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) is the most expeditious and cost-effective
means to carry out this work worldwide. Gasification coupling of carbon dioxide and
other flue gases to produce synthetic fuel is one of the cost-effective methods to
reduce the amount of carbon dioxide contributed to the atmosphere by the fossil-fuel
fired power plants.

Keywords: GHG pollutants, chemical looping combustion, gasification coupling.

Capture of Carbon Dioxide from Industrial Flue Gases by a
Multi-stage Fluidized Bed Reactor
Prof. B. C. Meikap
Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology(IIT),
Kharagpur, 721 302, West Bengal, India
Abstract
Carbon dioxide is the primary green house gases emitted from the flue gases of
coal-fired thermal power plant, boilers and other stationary combustion processes.
This greenhouse gas causes global warming after being emitted to the environment.
To deal with this problem, a new adsorbent based technique was developed and
presented in this study. A three-stage counter-current fluidized bed adsorber was
developed, designed and fabricated . It was used as removal apparatus and operated
in continuous regime for the two-phase system. The height of each stage was 0.30 m,
and the inner diameter was 0.10 m. The paper presents the removal of CO2 from gas
mixtures by chemical sorption on porous granular calcium oxide particles in the reactor
at ambient temperature. The advantages of a multi-stage fluidized bed reactor for high
mass transfer and high gas–solid contact can enhance the removal of the gas when
using a dry method. The effects of the operating parameters such as sorbent, superficial
gas velocity, and the weir height on CO2 removal efficiency in the multi-stage fluidized
bed were investigated. The results indicate that the removal efficiency of the carbon
dioxide was around 71% at high solid flow rate corresponding to lower gas velocity at
room temperature. In comparison with wet scrubbers, this dry process appears to
have lower cost, less complicated configuration and simpler disposal of used sorbent.
It was found that the effects of the superficial gas and solid velocity and weir height
had an effect on the removal efficiency of carbon dioxide, sorbent conversion and
attrition was negligible. Furthermore, as the superficial gas velocity was increased, the
carbon dioxide removal efficiency and calcium conversion decreased. It has been
found that around 70% removal efficiency was achieved in the three stage fluidized
bed reactor system. Thus a multi-stage fluidized bed reactor can replace air pollution
control devices such as wet scrubber and semi-dry system. However the detail studies
at higher temperature (80-120°C) and scale up of this type of fluidized bed reactor
requires further study. Results indicate that at a weir height of 60 mm the removal
efficiency is more ( 45% ) compared to an weir height of 40 mm (27.5%) under
identical operating conditions. The results in this study assume importance from the
perspective of use of multi-stage fluidized bed adsorber for control of gaseous pollutants
at high temperature.
 CO2 STORAGE OPTIONS: OCEAN SEQUESTRATION OPTIONS
S V S Phani Kumar
National Institute of Ocean Technology (Ministry of Earth Sciences).
Chennai – 600 100
Abstract
Increasing rate of carbon dioxide (CO2) release to atmosphere after industrial revolution
had triggered the studies on green house gases effect and its impact on global warming.
Based on the information available it is an established fact that the human activity is
rapidly changing the composition of the earth’s atmosphere, contributing to warming
from excess carbon dioxide (CO2) along with other trace gases such as water vapor,
chlorofluorocarbons, methane and nitrous oxide. Sustained worldwide growth in
population and economic activity has increased anthropogenic CO2 emissions and are
beginning to stress the natural carbon cycle. More CO2 is being exhausted than can be
taken up by trees, grasses, and the oceans, and the excess is accumulating in the
atmosphere. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a group
established by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations
Environment Program (UNEP), reports that the average surface temperature of the
earth has increased during the twentieth century by about 0.6° ± 0.2°C. Estimates of
warming expected through the 21st century vary among models, but all are responsive
to levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. As point sources the Oil refineries,
coal-fired power plants, iron and steel works and cement production are the largest
concentrated sources of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The current potential to reuse
CO2 in industry is limited, so most of the captured CO2 would have to be stored.
Although CO2 can be stored in aquifers and utilized in depleted oil and gas fields, the
availability of suitable sites, distances to the CO2 producer site, and the involved costs
would govern the economics. The disposal of CO2 in Ocean is another long-term
storage option for CO2. But many questions are to be answered to proceed in this
line.
National Institute of Ocean Technology had expertise in a wide spectrum of ocean
technology development, including deep sea applications up to 6000 m water depth,
coastal engineering and offshore structures, ocean observations, marine bio technology,
etc., with experience in exploitation of renewable and non-renewable ocean resources
in a sustainable manner. With the proven ability of the institute in technology
development for marine applications, the institute had recently initiated studies to
understand the global scenario and possibilities of developing innovative eco-friendly
ocean CO2 sequestration technology for marine applications.

Some of the available storage options for CO2 sequestration are identified as oil and
gas reservoirs for enhanced oil recovery, unmineable coal seams and deep saline
reservoirs. Of these options, the unmineable coal seams with the option for coal bed
methane is promising for Indian perspective. However, the questions such as the
options for future use of these seams need to be understood thoroughly. Ocean
sequestration by pumping CO2 to a suitable depth is one more option that was pursued.

Based on the P-T conditions of the ocean basins CO2 can be effectively stored on the
ocean floor beyond 2800 m water depth where it will be dense enough to further. The
details of the measurement platform for monitoring the disposal could be worked out,
feasible technology shall be worked out for the transportation and storage based on
the available capture technology from the industries lying on coastal regions of India.
But the issue on ecology and environmental concern is alarming to proceed on direct
disposal. NIOT is looking into the options on indirect ocean sequestration by means
of mineral carbonation techniques utilized for coastal protective measures and micro-
algal species for the extraction of bio-diesel etc.

Details of the storage options will be discussed in the workshop and the subject needs
capacity building in the country to understand and take forward in large scale from the
policy level to R&D for implementation perspective.
 Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Future use
Tarasan kar Pal
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 71302,
India
E-Mail: tpal@chem.iitkgp.ernet.in

Abstract
There are three coinages metals - copper, silver and gold. Among them gold is noblest.
The reduction potential of Au+3/Au(0) is +1.50 V (vs SHE). Hence gold can be found
in Earth’s crust unlike others. Gold value is enormous! About 30,000 tons of gold
bars exist in banks as wealth. All the three metals show rich Plasmon band in the
visible region and to observe the Plasmon band one has to take the corresponding
metal to their nanodomain . It is easy to obtain Au NPs in aqueous phase. However
ligand stabilized Au NPs can be transferred to non-polar organic solvent and thus they
can be a deliverable. After Haruta’s ground breaking discoveries in 1987 Au is much
used as a catalyst just like a ‘jewel in the crown’. Now it is used as spectroscopic
substrate also. Oxide materials are robust and mainly metal oxides (MOs) in the
nanodomain find application in catalysis. Singly or as a composite material, MO would
the future material of the globe. In the talk all these points would be highlighted.
 A REVIEW ON THE BIOLOGICALFIXATION ANDUTILISATION OF
CO2 BY MICRO ALGAE
ABHISHEK KUMAR SENGAR
C V RAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BHUBANESWAR, PIN
NO.752054,
EMAIL ID:abhimaegra@gmail.com

Abstract:
In the last few decades large number of industries came into existence which produced
enormous amount of CO2 which not only polluted our environment but also led to
increase in the temperature of earth, which isomer popularly known as global warming.
The demand of the present scenario is not just reducing the emission of CO2 but also
utilising it in an efficient and economical way. Also carbon is a source of energy, hence
biological fixation of CO2 is one of the best alternatives that we have with and which
can be used very efficiently for sustainable development.
Biological fixation of Carbon dioxide is one of the emerging technologies under the
carbon capture and storage program. This natural method of capturing emitted CO2
through microalgae by producing value added by products can be regarded as an
economically viable and noble method.
Microalgae are microscopic algae, typically found in fresh water and marine systems.
They are unicellular species which exist individually or in chain or groups. They are
capable of performing photosynthesis. They produce approximately half of the
atmospheric oxygen and simultaneously utilises the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide to
grow photoautotropically. What could be a better option than this by which we not
only use and recycle CO2 but also produce pure life giving oxygen?

Keywords: CO2 fixation, microalgae, global warming, photoautotrophic.

CO2 capture and storage (CCS) – the world scenario and Indian perspective
Saurav Banerjee
Indic Institute of Design & Research

Abstract:
India being 2nd most prolifically growing economic superpower, building infrastructure
and pushing for growth, even in somewhat slower and outright stagnant world economy.
Along with the growth, there is emission, pollution and other side effects that affect
sustainability and the natural balance. Rising population, urbanization, industrial growth
– all are contributing to a bigger Carbon footprint and causing global warming. Mitigating
the causes of global warming is crucial for sustained growth; else we would be staring
at disasters – mostly anthropogenic. CCS would be a tool in this goal of mitigating the
effects of higher carbon emission.
Keywords: CO2, capture, sequestration and storage, Carbon emission, Global
Warming.
 CARBONDIOXIDE STORAGE
Tejaswini Sahoo, Prutha Pramodini Panda, Amardeep Mandal, Beenit Minz
C.V. Raman College Of Engineering,Bhubaneswar

Abstract
World primary energy supply is, still, strongly dependent on fossil fuels and
combustion. The contribution of renewable sources of energy in the energy mix is
continuously increasing, under strong technological development and wide geographical
dissemination; however, energy demand in the world is increasing faster due to
population growth and upgrading living conditions expectations. According to the
majority of world outlook reports fossil fuels are expected to continue to secure the
majority of the world primary energy supply.
Fossil fuels combustion is responsible for large amounts of CO2 and other greenhouse
gases emissions. Capture and sequestration of CO2 from  fossil  fuel power plants  is
gaining widespread interest as a potential method of controlling greenhouse gas
emissions.Removal of CO2 from the flue exhaust of power plants, currently major
sources of emission, is commonly accomplished by chilling and pressurizing the exhaust
or by passing the fumes through a fluidized bed of aqueous amine solution. Other
method based on chemisorptions of CO2 on oxide surface or adsorption within porous
silicates, carbon and membranes have been pursued as means for CO2 intake.
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) refers to the set of technologies developed to
capture CO2 gas from the exhausts of power stations and from other industrial sources,
the infrastructures for handling and transporting CO2.The aim is to prevent the release
of large quantities of CO2 into the atmosphere. An alternate method under develop is
chemical looping combustion (CLC).It uses a metal oxide as a solid oxygen carrier.
Metal oxide particles react with a solid, liquid or gaseous fuel in fluidized bed
combustor, producing solid metal particles and a mixture of CO2 and water vapour.
The water vapour is condensed, leaving pure CO2, which can then be sequestered.
Storage of the CO2 is envisaged either in deep geological formation or in the form of
mineral carbonates. Deep ocean storage is no longer considered feasible because it
greatly increase the problem of ocean acidification. Geological formations are currently
considered the most promising sequestration sites. After storage the main problem is
to transport of CO2 from power station or other industrial plants to the storage site.
This is done by pipelines, which is generally the cheapest form of transport. Ships
could also be utilized for transport where pipelines are not feasible. Our focus is on
the storage of CO2 deep underground, discussing the set of technologies developed
to capture CO2 gas from the exhaust of power station and from other industrial
sources.
Recycling of Carbondioxide: Its conversion into methanol and dimethyl ether
(DME)

Mrs. Jayashree Mohanty, Faculty, Physics, ABIT,Cuttack

Mr. Chinmaya R. Pattnaik, Faculty, CSE,ABIT,Cuttack

Abstract:
This article analyses the chemical recycling of carbon dioxide to fuels, as a
complementary technology to carbon sequestration and storage (CSS). It is remarked
that the requisites for this objective are (i) minimize as much as possible the consumption
of hydrogen (or hydrogen sources), (ii) produce fuels that can be easily stored and
transported, and (iii) use renewable energy sources.The area of carbon dioxide
conversion to fuels and chemicals is a very active R&D sector, and it is anticipated
that it represents a challenging possibility for companies to develop complementary
strategies to CSS to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Keywords: CO 2 conversion,methanol synthesis,Hydrogenation,Reaction with
hydrocarbons,DME production
 Degradation of Carbazole by Microorganisms;A computational approach
S.S.Swain*, P.Panda, S.Mohanty
B.J.B (A) College, Bhubaneswar-751014

Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic heterocycles, such as carbazole, are environmental contaminants
suspected of affectation human health risks. The pollution of soil, river sediments,
and ground water by hazardous organic compounds has been gaining increasing
attention in the field of environmental remediation. Carbazole and its derivatives are
general nitrogen compounds found in environments contaminated by coal tar, crude
oil, and creosote. When these nitrogen compounds are combusted, nitrogen oxides,
NOx, are released into the atmosphere, which causes acid rain and air pollution.
Moreover, carbazole and its derivatives have been found to be toxic and mutagenic
and they readily undergo radical chemistry to generate the more poisonous
hydroxynitrocarbazoles. Soil, river sediments, and ground water polluted by carbazole
have become a great threat to the environment.
Therefore, it is necessary to establish effective methods to clean up carbazole and its
derivatives to protect the environment. Many researchers have focused their studies
on the isolation and identification of carbazole-degrading microorganisms, such as
Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Ralstonia , Bacillus, Gordonia, and Mycobacterium
and Xanthamonas. In this present studies, 4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate
aldolaseenzyme(HOA) enzyme of Sphingomonas sp participates in degradation of
carbazole as well as 2-mono- and 2,3-dichlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin compounds
involved in chemical pollutions in metropolitan species. So we computationally
determine the 3D structure(till now the three-dimensional information is not available
in Protein Data Bank) will lead to the structure function analysis and also might be
helpful for designing receptors for the degradation of some more chemical compounds
as well as helps in determine of the crystal structure of this protein .
These results support the development of efficient biocatalysts using magnetically
immobilized cells and provide a promising technique for improving the biocatalysts
used in the biodegradation of not only carbazole, but also other hazardous organic
compounds.
Key words: Polycyclic, carbazole, organic compounds, organic compounds,
Protein Data Bank
 In-silico Biomodeling and Stuructural analysis of Maleylacetate reductase ;
A biodegrading protein
S.S.Swain1*, S. Mohanty2, P.Padhi 3
1
Department of Bioinformatics, BJB (A) College, Bhubaneswar-751014,
3
Research& Development Center, Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital,
Bhubaneswar
Abstract:
Background: With the advent of biological research in the field of environmental
science several microbes were found to act as the most important biodegradable
molecules. Microbes comprises of several enzymes which show actual role play in
this biodegradation process. Approaches in building a three dimensional structure of
the protein Maleylacetate reductase will help in the structural and functional analysis of
these proteins.

Objectives: Maleylacetate reductase being a member of oxidoreductase is mostly

found in Pseudomonas species. This enzyme participates in 3 metabolic pathways
gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane degradation, benzoate degradation via hydroxylation,
and 1,4-dichlorobenzene degradation which are higher alkyl compounds involved in
chemical pollutions in metropolitan species. Determining the 3D structure will lead to
the structure function analysis and also might be helpful for designing receptors for
the degradation of some more chemical compounds.

Methodology: The amino acid sequence of the protein had been imported from
UniprotKB database and the template was searched in BLAST2.2.27. This template
was then used for the prediction of the three dimensional structure of the protein by
using MODELLER and SWISS MODEL. The model predicted was then validated
using SAVES server which gave an utmost result for better prediction.

Results: The Predicted model was further validated by Rampage (Ramachandran

plot), VERIFY-3D, ERRAT and PROCHECK graph with acceptable scores. On the
basis of these scores the predicted model was found to be 90.8% similar to the
template and hence can be universally accepted.
Conclusion: Proteins which do not have any reported structure can be modeled
computationally through homology modeling. Hence predicting the structure for
Maleylacetate reductase will give an idea of its active site and the active site residues
which can be further analysed by the use of softwares for preparing ligands and
receptors.
Prediction of the three-dimensional structure of Acyl carrier protein (ACP) of
Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liui (Red alga) by homology modelling

S.S.Swain1* and P.Padhi2

Department of Bioinformatics, BJB (A) College, Bhubaneswar-751014,
KIST, Techno Park, Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Pin-752050

Abstract:
Global warming and the continued depletion of nonrenewable fuel resources are two
major problems that entangle our planet today and demand immediate solutions. Algae
have many reasons consider as one of the most perfect choices for biofuel production
and presented themselves as a strong candidate to replace diminishing oil reservesy.
Increasing oil content could be a straight-forward method to lower the high cost of
biodiesel production, and it depends on lipid biosynthetic pathways of Microalgae.
Lipid biosynthesis may be controlled by the availability of fatty acids, and that the
production of fatty acids is regulated by Acyl carrier protein (ACP). So ACP plays an
important role in Carrier of the growing fatty acid chain in fatty acid biosynthesis and
lipid metabolism and to understand the operational mechanism of Acyl carrier protein
(ACP), it is imperative to understand the structural model of Acyl carrier protein.
Here we describe the complete structural analysis and 3-D modelling of Acyl carrier
protein of Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liui (Red alga). It is an 82 amino acid length
polypeptide (Uniprot KB- Q6B8U3) with a molecular weight of 8,953 kDa. Structural
and functional characterization and secondary structure were predicted using different
tools. Acyl carrier protein three-dimensional model was generated using SWISS
MODEL serve. The modeled Acyl carrier protein was further optimization and validation
using Rampage, VERIFY-3D, ERRAT and PROCHECK graph, which show with
acceptable scores and the reliability of final refined model. Ramachandran plot shown
that, Acyl carrier protein have 100.0% fully allowed region, 0.0%additionally allowed
region, 0.0%generously allowed region and 0.0%disallowed region. Calculated for the
modelled structure and compared with the template (2EHS_A).This study paves the
way for generating computer molecular models for proteins whose crystal structures
are not available and more benefit for production of biofuel from Microalgae.

Keywords: ACP, Lipid, fatty acid, SWISS MODEL, Rampage, VERIFY-3D, ERRAT
 In-silico Biomodeling and application of Laccases for Environment
Shasank Sekhar Swain
R & D Center Hi-Tech Medical College & Hospital, Bhubaneswar-751010

Abstract:
Laccases be an interesting group of multi copper enzymes widely circulated in fungi,
higher plants and bacteria, which have acknowledged much attention of researchers in
last decades due to their capability to oxidize both phenolic and non-phenolic lignin
related compounds as well as highly intractable environmental pollutants. Hence, fungal
laccases are considered as ideal green catalysts of great biotechnological impact due
to their few and their broad substrate specificity, including direct bioelectrocatalysis.
Thus, laccases and/or laccase-mediator systems find potential applications in
bioremediation, paper pulp bleaching, finishing of textiles, bio-fuel cells and more.
Biological functions attributed to laccases include spore resistance and pigmentation
lignification of plant cell walls, lignin biodegradation and the catalysis of key steps in
the synthesis of complex natural products. Organic synthesis of chemicals suffers
from several drawbacks, including the high cost of chemicals, cumbersome multi-step
reactions and toxicity of reagents. Laccases might prove to be very useful in synthetic
chemistry, where they have been proposed to be applicable for production of complex
polymers and medical agents. Enzymatic polymerization using laccases has drawn
considerable attention recently since laccase or LMS are capable of generating
straightforwardly polymers that are impossible to produce through conventional
chemical synthesis.
The utilize of laccases in organic synthesis does show as a promising green alternative
to the classical chemical oxidation with a wide range of substrates. In the near future,
the practical use of fungal laccases for troublesome transformations (digestion of
lignocellulose to use as a carbon source; modifications of lignosulfonates for production
of emulsifiers, surfactants and adhesives; synthesis of polymers with properties as
redox films for bioelectronic devices; synthesis of antibiotics and much more) will
expand the need for this biocatalyst. Meanwhile, the development of more vigorous
fungal laccases tailored by protein engineering and the search for environment-friendly
mediators along with further research on heterologous expression are significant hurdles
that must be overcome. In this present study, the structural (3D modeling and validation)
and functional application of fungal laccases-1of Agaricus bisporus and their engineering
by rational design and directed evolution for organic synthesis purposes are discussed.
Key words: Laccases, fungal, polymers, rational design
 Biological approaches for Polymer or Plastic Degradation

B.N.Sahooa, S.Kar, S.S.Swaina*, S.Satapathya, D. Pandab

a
B.J.B (A) College, Bhubaneswar
b
R& D center, Hi-Tech medical college & Hospital
Abstract:
Plastics are originally product of the 20th Century, Originally plastics were mimicking
& replacing natural product (lacquer, Shellac, amber, horn, tusks, tortoise shell), but
today, largely synthetic materials made from an extremely inexpensive but non-renewable
resource, crude oil. Synthetic polymers or plastics are important in many branches of
industry, for example in the packaging industry. However, they have an undesirable
influence on the environment and cause problems with waste deposition and utilization.
Thus, there is a tendency to substitute such polymers with polymers that undergo
biodegradable processes (any physical or chemical change in polymer as result of
environmental factors, such as light, heat, moister, chemical condition or biological
activity).This bioinformatics review describes biodegradation processes of plastics
or polymer like PVA, polyesters, polyethylene, nylon, Starch/Polyethylene, Starch/
Polyester, and Starch/PVA. Moreover, this review includes information about enzyme
involves in the process of degradation substances that are easy digestible by
microorganisms (chemically modified starch, starch-polymer composites, thermoplastic
starch, and biodegradable packing materials), synthetic materials with groups
susceptible to hydrolytic microbial attack (polycaprolactone), and biopolyesters (poly-
â-hydroxyalkanoates) as well as the Phylogenetic tree, enzyme pathways, functional
and structural analysis of biodegradable enzyme by bioinformatics views. The use of
degradable enzyme and awareness may result in decreasing the volume of waste
dumps.

Keywords: biodegradation, biodegradable polymers, Phylogenetic tree

 Reduction of Emissions of Domestic Wood Stoves -Possible Trading
1.Payodhar Padhi.
2.C.V.Krishna
1.Department of Mechanical Engineering, KIST, Bhubaneswar, India.
2. PhD Scholar, SOA University, Bhubaneswar, India.

Abstract:

Since three decades and more, efforts in countries using Biomass as cooking fuel for
minimizing Emissions have scored some satisfactory results. This paper describes in
succinct the chronological steps, evaluation reports, reasons for such slow success.
GACC(Global Alliance for Clean Stoves, an initiative led by United nations Foundation
has been in its efforts in encouraging Clean Cook Stove Designers, Promoters and
Implementers. Goal is to foster the adoption of clean cookstoves and fuels in
100 million households by 2020. The Alliance is encouraging through fiscal assistance
as well the adapted Stoves could earn Carbon Credits. The results, as per the authors,
is not encouraging as found in India, some countries of Asia and Africa.Research
work on simulation through CFD simulation as a design tool for biomass stoves is on
from various researchers; however, acceptance and adaptation by users is still to gain
momentum.This paper probes the reasons for low acceptance by users; pin points a
vital factor stating ´Why Wood Stove Designs cannot be Rationalized for Universal
Adaptation’; suggests redesigning the existing traditional stoves through CFD
simulation on reduction of Emissions, indirectly implying a near – perfect Combustion
of the wood stove used in each of the geographical areas for acceptance by users and
adaptation. It is a Top down Methodology suggestion on Combustion of any Wood
Stove. Such reduction of Emissions will possibly have Carbon Credits trading
benefitting and encouraging users the sustainability of the redesigned stoves.
 Application of Carbon Nanotubes to Transparent
Conductive Plastic Sheets and Optical Filters
Er. Lalit kumar B ehera , Dr. Payodhar Padhi
Konark Institute of Science & Technology, Bhubaneswar
Abstract:
Due to their combined superior chemical and physical properties, carbon nanotubes
(CNTs) are recognized to have a huge potential in many fields of applications (Ajayan,
1999; Rao et al., 2001; Dai, 2002; Van Noorden, 2011). These molecular-scale tubes
of graphitic carbon are one of the stiffest and strongest fibers known. Besides, they
have remarkable electronic, optical, thermal and chemical properties. For these reasons
their interest in both academic and industrial areas is unique. Nevertheless, the as-
produced material is extremely difficult to process. Development of CNT-based devices
or composites of interest for new applications has been consequently hindered. CNTs
are hydrophobic and incompatible with a majority of solvents, including monomers
and polymers; they indeed have a high tendency to agglomerate. Moreover, CNTs and
especially single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are assembled in bundles of
generally several tens of tubes. Development of efficient processes and chemical
treatments that are able to control the quality of the CNT samples and to induce both
their dispersion and partial or complete debundling remains highly challenging.

This study focuses on radiation-heated CVD (RHCVD), which enables us to selectively

synthesize SWCNT, DWCNT and TWCNT films on substrate followed by the
synthesis of vertically aligned SWCNT, DWCNT and TWCNT films on substrates
and the essence of synthesizing long CNTs on substrates. The optical performance of
CNT forests is also considered.
 Carbon Dioxide Sequestration by Algae in the Plant - An Overview
Suresh Sahoo, Quality Control Department , NINL, Jajpur, Odissa

Abstract:
Algae live on a high concentration of carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. These
pollutants are released by automobiles, cement plants, breweries, fertilizer plants, steel
plants. These pollutants can serve as nutrients for the algae. Using algae for reducing
the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is known as algae-based Carbon Capture
technology. The algae production facilities can thus be fed with the exhaust gases
from these plants to significantly increase the algal productivity and clean up the air.
An additional benefit from this technology is that the oil found in algae can be processed
into a biodiesel. Remaining components of the algae can be used to make other
products, including Ethanol and livestock feed.
This technology offers a safe and sustainable solution to the problems associated with
global warming.
 Study of Gasification Characteristics of Cooking Stove for Community
Kitchen
1
Payodhar Padhi & 2C.V.Krishna
1
Department Mechanical Engineering
Konark Institute Science & Technology, Bhubaneswar, India-
2
Institute of Technical Research, Bhubneswar, India
Abstract:
The technology was applied in households, institutions (such as schools) and industries
where it can be used for heating. Biomass gasification household stoves work by a
high temperature conversion of biomass in a restricted oxygen environment to a mixture
of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and methane. The hydrogen and methane
are then burned without emitting pollutants. For larger applications pure oxygen may
be used which gives a higher calorific value gas without the nitrogen.
Gasification is the process of converting a solid fuel to a combustible gas. To this
process usually a restricted amount of oxygen is added, either pure or from air. A
carbonaceous solid material can also be gasified to produce a hydrogen-rich gas by
bringing it in contact with steam at a high temperature. Air gasification of biomass
produces a low calorific value gas, the producer gas containing about 50% nitrogen,
and can fuel engines and furnaces. Gasification of biomass with pure oxygen results in
a medium calorific value gas free of nitrogen.
According to Practical Action (2007), 2.4 billion people use traditional biomass for
cooking, wood, crop residues, charcoal, or animal waste. IEA (2006) [kk]states that
an extra 200 million people worldwide will rely on biomass for their cooking and
heating needs by 2030. Switching to cleaner fuels and having access to those fuels is
one strategy for dealing with the problems of the health effects caused by the smoke
and other pollutants released in enclosed cooking areas. The UN millennium
project aims to half the number of households using traditional biomass. 
Improved biomass cookstoves can aim for 30% efficiency and reduces the amount of
wood fuel used and thus decreases pollutant emissions. In small-scale gasifiers, solid
fuels are gasified in a fixed bed; these can be of three types: updraft, downdraft, and
cross-draft reactor. With the escalating costs of fossil fuels and gas as a preferred
cooking fuel (than fuelwood, residues, kerosene and others), biomass gasifiers are
attracting renewed interest. The possibilities for biomass gasification technology for
cooking applications are leading to a number of initiatives to demonstrate the potential
benefits of introducing them in developing countries. Gasification based cooking
systems can be classified in to two broad types: gasifier stoves and central gas
production with pipe network for producer gas supply for cooking. Gasifier stoves,
which are basically compact gasifier-gas burner devices, have been tried since mid-
nineties for cooking applications. Several hundred biomass gasifier cookstoves
are already in operation in countries such as China and India.
 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DUE TO SURFACE TRANSPORT AND
ITS SOLUTION
SUSHANKAR MOHANTY
Sr.Env.Engineer
BRAHMANI RIVER PELLETS LTD,
KALINGA NAGAR INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX, JAJPUR, ODISHA

Abstract
Pollution due to mineral transport by rail and road is a serious issue in recent days. All
the materials are generally transported through surface transport i.e. railways and
roadways. The cost incurred in fuel is not the only factor; emissions from road transport
vehicles are a major contributor to greenhouse gases and are suspected to be closely
linked to respiratory problems and diseases such as cancer. The water used for power
generation (Thermal Power) is very high. Thus the impact of surface transportation on
the environment has a far reaching effect on Climate change, Air quality, Noise, water
quality, Soil quality and Biodiversity.
An alternative eco-friendly route is available for this serious issue is through belowground
Pipelines Transportation. Pipelines form an unique mode of transportation. They can
move large quantities of certain types of commodities, mainly fluids, over long distance
at significantly less damage to environment and reduction in energy. The operations
are environmentally friendly, dependable and continuous. The pipelines can be laid on
a wide variety of terrains without much difficulty. Compared to normal surface mode
like railways and road vehicles, the following advantages are particularly attractive:
i) CO2 emission is much lower compared to surface transport. E.g. Through
slurry pipeline CO2 emissioncan be reduced 90% of that of surface transport.
ii) More efficient use of energy. Transportation through pipelines will reduce 95 %
energy consumption comparison to surface transport.
iii) Generally requires less water for transportation which has highest reuse & recycle
value.
iv) Environmentally desirable: No Noise, Dust, Smell & Invisible (absolutely pollution
free).
v) They do not require the return of ‘empties’ to the starting point and as such are
ideal for uni-directional traffic.
vi) They are insensitive to surface conditions such as storms, inclement weather.
vii) No traffic related hazards compared to alternative modes of transportation.
viii) The life of pipelines generally above 30 years and after pipelines laid, the land
will be restored to original state and can be put to normal use.
The pipeline transport is becoming very popular as latest way of transportation for
bulk items. Initially it was used for gas and water and now it is extensively used for
crude oils and minerals like bauxite, coal, copper, and iron ore. In developed countries
like USA, Canada, Indonesia, Peru, china, Australia, Brazil, Mexico etc have been
using pipeline transportation since long for reducing carbon footprints/ greenhouse
gases. In India Kuduremukh (a Iron & Steel Company) &Essar Steel ltd have started
pipeline transportation several years ago.

Key words: Surface transport, Pollution, CO2

Algal farming for Carbon sequestration, Biofuel production and sustainable
Climate Development
Prof (Dr)Sailabala Padhi,DSc
Director, CES,
Ministry Of Forest &Environment, Govt.of Odisha

Abstract:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most important anthropogenic green house gas (GHG)
responsible for global warming. Atmospheric increases of CO2 are positively correlated
with amount of fossil fuels being burnt for electricity generation and other industrial
applications. Selecting the most appropriate technology to limit the amount of CO2
entering the atmosphere has been the major focus of global research.
Bio-fixation of CO2 from flue gas through micro algal process is one of
the important approaches for CO2 mitigation. CO2 is converted into bio-fuel and other
useful products without risk of CO2 leakage as may be in carbon capture and storage
(CCS). The ultimate objective of micro-algae bio-fixation is to be able to operate on
large scale, so as to convert a significant fraction of the CO2 in flue gas to bio-fuels.
Alternative fuels which are renewable in nature, grabbed the attention of the
entire world community as the demand for fossil fuels is increasing day by day while
the oil reserves are continuously exhausted. Much emphasis is given worldwide on
developing second and third generation fuels which are eco-friendly. Among these
algal based bio-fuels and lignocelluloses ethanol show great promise for the future.
Biomass, bio fuels and bio energy production potential of domestic and industrial
waste water using algae is considered promising. Presently algae have received
considerable attention as an important source of third generation bio-fuel as yield
from them are much higher than Jatropha or Soyabean. Due to increasing demand for
algal biomass by various industries, algae(as opposed to plants) are a natural choice
for maximum yield bio-fuels, because they exhibit photosynthesis under a wide range
of tolerance to changes (flux) in the environment similar to land plants; yet as algal
cells, their metabolic machinery and genes involved are less in number and less complex.
Additionally, they exhibit fast reproductive cycle and their oil ranging from 15-35% is
similar to vegetative oils.
CO2 sequestration technology expects to address two most critical problems
of 21st century namely energy security and climate change. The direct manifestation of
the green house effect is warming up the earth surface and melting of the snow cap at
the North Pole. It is foreseen that the fossil fuels still continue to be the major source
of energy in the coming decades and CO2 capture and fixation or utilization becomes
desirable for producing clean energy and thus energy security of coal dominations.
The situation can be saved by reducing the production of CO2 and harnessing the
carbon utilization attribute of chlorophyll bearing members of the biosphere, specially
the microalgae and marine macroalgae (Sea weeds). CO2 sequestration can provide
increase in biomass, enhanced fertilization and value addition of fuels. Increase in the
forest cover and primary productivities of the oceans were suggested as efficient
tools to combact the menace of increasing CO2 level. The technical, economical and
environmental aspects of using marine algae as sinker of CO2 have been extensively
explored. Raising of large algal farms is being considered for CI sequestering for
food, fertilizer and biofuels. Enhanced algal biomass could potentially make a significant
contribution to the annual biological drawdown of CO2 and the global C cycle. Our
research findings on algal strain selection, photobioreactor and designed of algal
cultivation on a large scale cultivation techniques for efficient CO2 capture will be
highlighted.
 Development of CO2 recycling process to reduce global warming
Payodhar Padhi, Sanjay Kumar Rout and Debasis Panda
Advanced Material Research Center,
Konark Institute of Science & Technology, Bhubaneswar

Abstract:
The problem with CO2 is that the gas is not only created naturally but also produced
by virtually. The fuels that power modern life are chiefly molecules made of hydrogen
and carbon atoms. Combustion splits up those molecules, causing them to recombine
with the oxygen in the air, producing large amounts of CO2. As a gas, CO2 is invisible,
but in the environment it acts like a glass enclosure. Its heat-trapping ability contributes
to the “greenhouse” effect. Until now there had been two leading strategies for
controlling CO2: conservation and sequestration. Conservation, like other forms of
abstinence, has never caught on. Sequestration involves pumping CO2 into the ocean
where it eventually becomes incorporated into plants and rocks. Thus far this has
proved too expensive to be practical. Two new ideas for dealing with excessive CO2
were recently introduced. One, from Japan, essentially reverses combustion, turning
CO2 into hydrocarbon gases. The second plan is to use a certain type of marine life
that feeds on CO2 and burps natural gas. Both plans seem tobe hypothetical. A pioneering
study, funded under the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme, has
uncovered a way to turn waste carbon dioxide (CO2) into useful fuel.

The Specific Targeted Research Project (STREP), ELCAT, is a joint venture between
the Max Planck Institute in Germany, the Louis Pasteur University in France and the
University of Patras in Greece, coordinated by researchers from the University of
Messina in Italy. The conversion of CO2 to fuel is not a dream, but an effective
possibility which requires further research,’ according to Professor Gabriele Centi
One problem with CO2 is that it is a highly stable gas. Once produced, the chemical
bonds in CO2 are extremely difficult to break. The new technique enables special
catalysts to break those chemical bonds and create long-chain carbon molecules,
which can be easily converted into fuels. Traditionally, the energy needed to break
those chemical bonds, even with catalysts, is very high. The researchers used a two-
stage approach. First, sunlight was used with a titanium catalyst to split water molecules,
releasing free ‘protons’ (hydrogen ions), electrons and oxygen gas. In the second
stage, those free electrons are used to reduce the CO2 and bind the carbon atoms
together using platinum and palladium used in carbon nano tubes. An electrolysis
apparatus, comprising a cathode material including nanocrystalline particles; and an
insulator disposed between said anode and said cathode material to prevent contact
between said anode and said cathode material.
Some patents on electrode material for sea water electrolysis are cited below.
The electrolysis apparatus as used as nanocystalline particles are formed from a single
element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni, Cu, Mo, Cr, Co, Mg, Ag, and
W. In a method for generating hydrogen through the electrolysis of water or aqueous
solutions, the improvement comprising utilizing as the cathode a material which either
binds hydrogen at the surface thereof in a potential range which is more positive than
the reversible hydrogen potential or incorporates hydrogen into its lattice and thereafter
liberating the bound hydrogen from said material by the application of thermal energy
thereto, said cathode material being selected from the group consisting of tantalum,
vanadium-niobium alloy, nickel-titanium alloy, platinum, nickel, Mg, Ti, V, Nb, U, Mg2
Ni, TiFe, LaNi5 and PrCo5. The anode, cathode and catalyst made in the above process
is either by mechanical alloying or sputtering. However, the above cited materials,
though energy efficient, are very costly. Hence the need arises to prepare alloys with
appropriate compositions of some material which may possibly be Ni, Co, Mo, Al
etc. The literatures surveyed in this contest are listed below.
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 Missing Link of CCS Research
Dr. P. Nanda*
VSUT,BURLA
pnanda18@gmailcom

Abstract:-
The world is currently struggling hard to maintain the quality of the environment to
make it remain habitable for our future generation. Issues related to climate change ha
become the top of the day. Industrial development in different part of the world has
created an unacceptable demand on energy. It is unacceptable because the byproduct
of energy demand is CO2, which is the main green house gas, the cause of all kinds of
environmental instability. To mitigate this challenge the options are;

· Efficient energy production Technique

· To shift the attention towards renewable clean energy production

To cope up with the demand-supply situation in the energy market and due to lack of
low cost renewable energy generation technique, one has to think radically to solve the
issues related to CO2 . In this transient period when the demand of coal or gas paced
energy production are still the dominant modes. We can’t avoid by means the production
of CO2 . In this scenario CO2 capture and storage (CCS) could be thought as an
alternate technical solution for this problem. Many researchers are working in this
field. The essential steps in a CCS system are,

· Capture
· Concentration
· Transportation
· Storage and
· Monitoring

Issues related to each of the steps are matter of serious concern of the researching
fraternity. But one important thing which gets less mention is that in the process of
CCS we indirectly create more CO2. This is CO2 CCS system itself is sometime
highly energy intensive. More than that it is currently more focused on capture from
coal base power plant, for which a large retrofit is needed and manufacturing this
retrofit a large quantity of CO2 may be generate in the blast furnace. So it is just like
while solving a problem we are aggravating it. In this aspect of CCS a strong optimization
tool is still in wanting.
 Role of minerals and materials on carbon dioxide sequestration –
A perspective
Bankim Ch. Tripathy,
CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, India

Abstract:
The carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere are rising day by day which is
posing a serious threat to human life. Although, numerous technologies for carbon
dioxide sequestration have been proposed, search for an economical and energy efficient
process is still an important research area in the domain of carbon dioxide sequestration
with an effort to mitigate the contribution of fossil fuel emissions to global warming.
The present discussion has been focused on the importance of minerals and materials
on carbon dioxide sequestration. Use of minerals and materials for carbon dioxide
sequestration might evolve as an alternative way to have an industrially viable process;
however research focuses on developing suitable materials for this purpose warrants
considerable attention.
Development of micro-algal based open raceway pond for utilization of CO2
from power plant flue gas
Director Centre for Environmental Studies, Forest & Environment Department,
Government of Odisha
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most important anthropogenic green house gas (GHG)
responsible for global warming. Atmospheric increases of CO2 are positively correlated
with amount of fossil fuels being burnt for electricity generation and other industrial
applications. Selecting the most appropriate technology to limit the amount of CO2
entering the atmosphere has been the major focus of global research.

Bio-fixation of CO2 from flue gas through micro algal process is one of the important
approaches for CO2 mitigation. CO2 is converted into bio-fuel and other useful products
without risk of CO2 leakage as may be in carbon capture and storage (CCS). The
ultimate objective of micro-algae bio-fixation is to be able to operate on large scale, so
as to convert a significant fraction of the CO2 in flue gas to bio-fuels.

Alternative fuels which are renewable in nature, grabbed the attention of the entire
world community as the demand for fossil fuels is increasing day by day while the oil
reserves are continuously exhausted. Much emphasis is given worldwide on developing
second and third generation fuels which are eco-friendly. Among these algal based
bio-fuels and lignocellulosic ethanol show great promise for the future. Biomass, bio
fuels and bio energy production potential of domestic and industrial waste water using
algae is considered promising. Presently algae have received considerable attention as
an important source of third generation bio-fuel as yield from them are much higher
than jatropha or soyabean. Due to increasing demand for algal biomass by various
industries, microalgae(as opposed to plants) are a natural choice for maximum yield
bio-fuels, because they exhibit photosynthesis under a wide range of tolerance to
changes (flux) in the environment similar to land plants; yet as algal cells, their metabolic
machinery and genes involved are less in number and less complex. Additionally, they
exhibit fast reproductive cycle and their oil ranging from 15-35% is similar to vegetative
oils. Our objective in the use of microalgae for biodiesel is to identify suitable indigenous
strains near the industrial sites with high lipid content and growth rate and optimise the
condition for enhanced lipid productivity, in an economically viable manner.
Co2 capture Efforts using algae for bio fuel and other products:
Algae based CO2 capture offers a cost effective carbon capture system and
also saves another major problem for many countries. Algae based CO2 mitigation
strategy as the potential to obtain valuable products at the end of the process, one of
which is bio fuels.
OBJECTIVE: To grow algae using CO2 from power plant emission, cement plant
emission and distilleries emissions. All these efforts face a number of challenges such
as cost, technical feasibility etc. Another major challenge is the land availability for
algae based CO2 capture system near a power plant. A 300 MW power plant could
require as much as 8000 acres of cultivation area to capture the CO2 emitted. These
are other significant challenges as well. Our attempt will be to decipher ways to grow
more algae in less space, at a much lower cost. We will try a number of efforts for
efficiently carbon capture technology using algae. Large companies such as Duke
Energy, the third largest electric power holding company in the United States are
working on this carbon capture technology.
 Study the Effect of Concentration of Activated Carbon on MMM for
Separation of CO2
Payodhar Padhi, Sanjay Kumar Rout & Debasis Panda
Advanced Material Research Center,
Konark Institute of Science & Technology, Bhubaneswar

Abstract:
The present study was carried out primarily to investigate the effect of concentration
of activated carbon (AC) on CO2 separation performance of Linear Low Density
Polythene (LLDPE-AC) mixed matrix membrane. In this study LLDPE-AC mixed
matrix membrane were synthesised for CO2 separation. The fabricated flat sheet
membranes were characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope
(FESEM) analysis. Two types of matrix materials (Film & Roto grades) were used for
preparation of membrane out of which Roto grade is unsuitable for gas separation
membrane since it shows high agglomerations. The permeability as well as selectivity
of CO2/CH4 are varied as per AC concentration.

Keywords: LLDPE, Activated carbon, gas separation, CO2, Mixed matrix

membrane
 Nano Cellulose Reinforced Polylactic Acid Composites: Preparation and
Characterization

Atul P Johari, S Mohanty, S K Nayak

Laboratory of Advance Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM),
Bhubaneswar.
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Bhubaneswar.
Email: larpmcipet@gmail.com

Abstract:
The fibrils of cellulose have been extracted and characterized through transmission
electron microscopy technique and X-ray Diffractometer analysis, in order to evaluate
the particle size. Further sisal micro-fibrils (MFC) reinforced PLA composites have
been prepared with various fibre content up to 15%, through solvent casting followed
by drying and melt blending. The tensile modulus of neat PLA was improved with an
increase of MFC content. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) measurements
exhibit that the addition of MFC accelerates the crystallization of PLA. Addition of
15wt % of MFC in PLA improved the storage modulus of crystallized PLA up to
100oC. Morphological study has been done by SEM for characterizing dispersion of
cellulose fibrils in PLA matrix.

Key words: DSC, TEM, XRD, Cellulose, SEM.

 NCO terminated Polyurethane-Prepolymer Blend with Polylactic acid:
Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of properties
Gurunathan T, S Mohanty, S K Nayak
Laboratory of Advance Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM),
Bhubaneswar.
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Bhubaneswar.

Abstract:
Effect of bio-based NCO terminated polyurethane (PU) on PLA copolymers,
synthesized by a systematic two-step process has been investigated in the present
work. NCO terminated PU prepolymers were prepared in the first step by reacting
soft segments such as CO based Epoxidized polyols with hard segments like methylene
diisocyanate (MDI) with NCO/OH ratio 2:1. The chemical structure of the prepolymer
were identified and confirmed by FTIR, 1H, and 13C. Good thermal stability has been
obtained through TGA analysis. Micro phase separation between the different hard
and soft segments has been obtained from DMTA analysis. Further, a structure to
property correlation was drawn based on the structure of the soft, hard, and chain
extender and the observed properties are useful for understanding and design of
composites.

Key words: NCO, DMTA, micro-phase, composites

 Heat Transfer using nano fluid

Srichandan swain, Subhashek acharya, Dilip kumar maharana,Janmejaya sahoo

Konark Institute of Science & Technology

Abstract

Nano fluid is a fluid having nanosize particles, normally particle size less than
100 nm dispersed in the conventional base fluids such as water, engine oil, ethylene
glycol, transformer oil which tremendously enhances the heat transfer characteristics
of original fluid. Because of solid nanoparticles these fluids have thermal conductivities
several hundred times higher than that of conventional fluids. Nanofluid show better
stability, higher thermal conductivity, and no penalty in pressure drop.

This paper summarizes some of our recent work on the heat transfer of
nanofluids (dilute liquid suspensions of nanoparticles). It covers heat conduction,
convective heat transfer under both natural and forced flow conditions, and boiling
heat transfer in the nucleate regime. The results show that, the presence of nanoparticles
enhances thermal conduction under macroscopically static conditions mainly due to
nanoparticles structuring / networking. The natural convective heat transfer coefficient
is observed to decrease systematically with increasing nanoparticles concentration,
and the deterioration is partially attributed to the high viscosity of nanofluids. However,
either enhancement or deterioration of convective heat transfer is observed under the
forced flow conditions and particle migration is suggested to be an important
mechanism. The results also show that the boiling heat transfer is enhanced in the
nucleate regime for both alumina and titania nanofluids, and the enhancement is more
sensitive to the concentration change for TiO2nanofluids. It is concluded that there is
still some way to go before we can tailor-make nanofluids for any targeted applications.