UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

'PRINTING OFFICE

Style Manual
2000

IS.SUED BY THE PUBLIC PRINTER

UNDER AUTHORITY Ol' ·i,\ U.S.C. 110~

WASHINGTON 2000

For sale by rhc Sup<rinr<nknr of !lo<un><nrt, U.S. GO\~D'™'nr Prinrini; Offit c

• lnrcnrr: bookJro<<.81">-~0V • PllOO<: (202) 'j 12-1800 • F.u:: (202) ~I l-22~0
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ISBN 0-16-{)5DOS3-'I (Duckrvn)
 3. CAPITALIZATION RULES
(See also "Abbreviations and Letter Symbols" and "Capitalization Examples")
3.1. It is impossible to give rules that will cover every conceiv-
able problem in capitalization; but by considering the purpose to be
served and the underlying principles, it is possible to attain · a con-
siderable degree of uniformity. The list of approved forms given in
chapter 4 will serve as a guide. Obviously such a list cannot be
complete. The correct usage with respect to any term not included
can be determined by analogy or by application of the rules.
Proper names
3.2. Proper names are capitalized.
Rome John Macadam Italy
Brussels Macadam family Anglo-Saxon

Derivatives of proper names

3.3. Derivatives of proper names used! with a proper meaning
are capitalized.
Roman (of Rome) Johanncan Italian
3.4. Derivatives of proper names used with acquired independ-
ent common meaning, or no longer identified with such names, are
set lowercased. Since this depends upon general and long-continued
usage, a more definite and all-inclusive rule cannot be formulated
in advance.
roman (type) macadam crushed italicize
brussels sprouts rock) anglicize
venetian blinds watt (electric unit) pasteurize
plaster of paris

Common nouns and adjectives in proper names

3.5. A common noun or adjective forming an essential part of a
proper name is capitalized; the common noun used alone as a sub-
stitute for the name of a place or thing is not capitalized.
Massachusetts Avenue; the avenue
Washington Monument; the monument
Statue of Liberty; the statue
Hoover Dam; the dam
Boston Light; the light
Modoc National Forest; the national forest
Panama Canal; the canal
Soldiers' Home of Ohio; the soldiers' home
Johnson House (hotel); Johnson house (residence)
Crow Reservation; the reservation
23
178 CHAPTER 11
\. I/
11.7. Names of vessels are quoted ·n matter printed m other
than lowercase roman.
Sinking of the "Lusitania" SINKING OF THE "LUSITANIA"
Sinking of the "Lusitania., SINKING OF THE "LUSITANIA"

Names of legal cases

11.8. The names of legal cases are italicized, except for the v. n
When requested, the y.ames of such cases may be set in roman with Ai-L up~
an italic vYJn matte: set in italic, legal cases are set in roman with
the v. being set roman.
"The Horn~t'' and "The Hood, " 124 ( .SMITH v. BROWN ET AL. (heading)
F.2d 45 ( SMITH v. BROWN ET AL.
Smith v. Brown et al. (heading)
Smith Bros. case (172 App. Div. Durham rule
149) Brown decision
Smith Bros. case, supra John Doe v. Richard Roe
Smith Bros. case but John Doe against Richard Roe
As cited in Smith Bros. the Cement case 1I fl 11
Scientific names S6f: Us b.Po S\';J U11,..J Ct-i1.f 11-Cu111~s1?.rJ/I~ t<-reillA
. . " U~ ~ CA ps + 5 1.-i A.-..L-- e~s 1:
11.9. The scientific n ames of genera, subgenera, species, and sub-
species (varieties) are italicized, but are set in roman in italic mat-
ter; the names of groups of higher rank than genera (phyla, classes,
orders, families, tribes, etc.) are printed in roman.
As. perpallidus
Dorothia'? sp. (roman "?")
Tsuga canadensis
Cypripedium parviflorwn var. pubescens
the genera Quercus and Liriodendron
the family Leguminosae; the family Nessiteras rhombopteryx
Measurements of specimens of Cyanoderma erythroptera neocara
11.10. Quotation marks should be used in place of italic for sci-
entific names appearing in lines set in caps, caps and small caps,
or boldface, even if there is italic type available in the series.
Words and letters
11.11. The words Resolved, Resolved further, Provided, Provided,
however, Provided further, And provided further, and ordered, in
bills, acts, resolutions, and formal contracts and agreements are
italicized; also the words To be continued, Continued on p. - , Con-
tinued from p . - , and See and see also (in indexes and tables of
contents only).
Resolved, That (resolution)
Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
States of America in Co11gress a.ssembled, That
(To be continued] (centered; no period)
[Continued from p. 31 (centered; no period)
see also Mechanical data (index entry)
 (_J,:S., ~p()$i1y/. {)MAfl/ , _00 1 J11µt"D

288 [cHAPTER :3J PD F -P. 3 Z, -· o '/J • L , .v F.

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD INDEX
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
Set in 7 point on 8 point, Record measure (168 points, 14 picas).
Cap lines and italic lines are set flush left.
Entries are indented 1 em, with overs 2 ems.
Bill introductions are to be identified as to sponsor or cosponsor.
Bullet following page number in index identifies unspoken mate-
rial.
Pages are identified as S (Senate), H (House), and E (Exten-
sions).
Pages in bound Record index are entered numerically, without S,
H, or E prefixes.
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
(for use on notation of content line)
ABBREVIATIONS:
Streets: St.; Ave.; Ct.; Dr.; Blvd..; Rd.; Sq.; Ter.
Names: Jr.; Sr.; II (etc.)
Businesses: Co.; Corp. (this includes all Federal corporations); Inc.;
Ltd.; Bros.
Dept. of Agriculture .... ,............................. u...... .................................. Sec. of Agriculture.
Dept. of Commerce ........... ... .. ........... .... .............. ........... .... .. ... ........... .. Sec. of Commerce.
Dept. of Defense .................... ,............................................................. Sec. of Defense.
Dept. of Education ...... ........... ......... .... ..... ... .......... .. ............. ............ .. . Sec. of Education.
Dept. of Energy .................................................................................... Sec. of Energy.
Dept. of Health a.nd Human Services ................................................ Sec. of Health and .. .
Dept. of HoUBing and Urban Development ....................................... Sec. of Housing and .. .
Dept.. of the Interior ............................................................................ Sec. of the Interior.
Dept. of Justice .................... ,............................................................... Attorney General.
Dept. of Labor ... ....... ........ .. .... ..... .. .. ...... .. .... .. ... .. .. .......... .... .. ..... ..... ...... Sec. of Labor.
Dept. of State ...................................................................................... Sec. of State.
Dept. of Transportation .. ... .............. .. ...•... . .. ... .... ..................... .......... ... Sec. of Transportation.
Dept. of the Treasury .......................................................................... Sec. of the Treasury.
Dept. of Veterans Affairs ..................................................................... Sec. of Veterans Affairs.

States: See page 149, GPO STYLE MANUAL, rule 9.13

ACRONYMS:
Agency for International Development ................................................. ............. AID
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ........................................................... ···
Aid to families with dependent children ........................................................... ·
AIDS] exii f ., ,
AFDC f/I I.A::;
American Association of Retired Persons ......................................................... . AARP
American Bar Association .............. .............. .................................................. ····· ABA
American Civil Liberties Union .......................................................................... . ACLU
American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations ... .. AFL-CIO
American Medical Association ........................................................................... . AMA
British Broadcasting Corp ............................................................ ····· ········· ........ · BBC
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms ........................................................ . ATF
Bureau of Indian Affairs .................................................................................... .. BIA
Bureau of Land Management ........................................................................... .. BLM
Bureau of Labor Statistics ...................................................... ····· ····· ········ ······· ·· · BLS
Cable News Network .......................................................................................... . CNN
Csi.hle Sat.ellitP. Public Affairs Network .............................................................. G-SPAN
Central lnt.elligence Agency ...... ......................................................................... . CIA
Civil Service Retirement Sys tern ....................................................................... . CSRS
 ABBREVIATIONS AND LETTER SYMBOLS

depot, fort, Indian agency, military camp, national cemetery (also

forest, historic site, memorial, seashore, monument, park), naval
shipyard, proving ground, reservation (forest, Indian, or military),
and reserve or station (military or naval).
Prince George's County, MD Arlington National Cemetery, VA
Mount Rainier National Forest, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD
WA Baltimore-Washinl,'1:on
Stone Mountain, GA International Airport, MD
National Naval Medical Center, Redstone Arsenal, AL
Bethesda, MD
Mark Twain National Wildlife but
Refuge, IL-IA-MO (note use of Leavenworth freight yards,
hyphens here) Kansas
Richmond, VA Altoona sidetrack, Wisconsin
9.13. The Postal Service style of two-letter State, Province, and
Freely Associated State abbreviations is to be used.
UNITED STATES (INCLUDING FREELY ASSOCIATED STATES)
AL Alabama IN Indiana ND North Dakota
AK Alaska IA Iowa OH Ohio
AZ Arizona KS Kansas OK Oklahoma
AR Arkansas KY Kentucky OR Oregon
AS American Samoa LA Louisiana PA Pennsylvania
CA California ME Maine PR Puerto Rico
co Colorado MD Maryland RI Rhode Island
CT Connecticut MA Massachusett.'l SC South Carolina
CZ Canal Zone MI Michigan SD South Dakota
DE Delaware MN Minnesota TN Tennessee
DC District of MS Mississippi TX Texas
Columbia MO Missouri UT Utah
FL Florida MT Montana VT Vermont
FM Federated States NE Nebraska VA Virginia
of Micronesia NV Nevada VI Virgin Islands
GA Georgia NH New Hampshir:e WA Washington
GU Guam NJ New Jersey WV West Virginia
HI Hawaii NM New Mexico WI Wisconsin
ID Idaho NY New York WY Wyoming
IL Illinois NC North Carolina
CANADA
AB Alberta NF Newfoundland PE Prince Edward
BC British Columbia NT Northwest Island
LB Labrador Territories PQ Quebec
MB Manitoba NS Nova Scotia SK Saskatchewan
NB New Brunswick ON Ontario YT Yukon Territory
9.14. The names of other insular possessions, trust territories,
and Long Island, Staten Island, etc., are not abbreviated.
9.15. The names of Canadian Provinces and other foreign politi-
cal subdivisions are not abbreviated except as noted in rule 9.13.
Addresses
9.16. Words such as Street, Avenue, Place, Road, Square, Boule-
vard, Terrace, Drive, Court, and Building, following a name or
number, are abbreviated in footnotes, sidenotes, tables, leaderwork,
and lists.
9.17. In addresses, a single period is used with the abbreviations
NW., SW., NE., SE. (indircating sectional divisions of cities) follow-
 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Q 261
C-i-111f- l-r
In the titles of legal cases copy is followed as to spelling, abbre-
viations, and use of figures.
Use single punctuation in citations of cases and statutes:
United States v. 12 Diamond Rings (124 U.S. 329; R.S. p.
310, sec. 1748).
Indent asterisk 1ines 2 ems on each side. Use five asterisks.
If a title is used as part of the name of an organization, vessel,
etc., spell; thus, General ffiysses S. Grant Post No. 76, Grand
Army of the Republic.
The order of subdivision of the Constitution of the United States
is as follows: article I, section 2, clause 3.
If an exhibit appears at the end of a speech, the head Exhibit is
set in 7-point caps and small caps.
In extracts containing votes the names must be run in, as Mr.
Smith of Texas, Au Coin, and Clay, etc.
In a Senator's or a Representative's remarks, when amendments,
sections, etc., are referred to by number, follow the copy.
In text references to Senate and House reports and in executive
and miscellaneous documents, follow the copy.
In headings and text references to resolutions and memorials,
follow the copy.
IN GROSS OR EN GROS
When a bill comes to final action, in the presentment of amend-
ments collectively for a vote, either the term "in gross" or the
French equivalent "en gros" may be used.
(All the following examples are for sample purposes only]
USE OF CAPS AND SMALL CAPS
[Note the use of parentheses and brackets in But: Several Senators add.ressed
the following examples. Each will be used as sub-
mitted, as long WI they are consistent through- the Chair.
out.] Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. GLENN (and
Mr. LOTT. (Name all caps when others). Let it be read.
visitor addresses Senate or House.) Mr. JACKSON (and otllers). Yes.
On motion by (or of) Mr. LUCAS of Mrs. HAWKINS (and other Mem-
Oklahoma, it was, etc. bers). No.
The VICE PRESIDENT resumed Mr. SMITH of Oregon obje cted.
The ACTING SECRETARY. In line 11,
the chair.
after the word "Provided", it is pro-
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr.
posed, etc.
BURNS in the chair). Shall the bill Mr. SPENCE was recognized, and
pass?
yielded his time to Mr. COBLE.
The SPEAKER called the House to Mrs. BOXER, a Senator from the
order.
State of Ca lifornia, appeared in her
Mr. LARGENT' s amendment w as seat today.
adopted.
Mr. BROWN of Ohio took the floor [When two Members from the same State have
and yielde d to Mr. H OYER. tho s ame s urname, full name is used.}
During t he rollca.11. Mt' . WILLIA M COYNE and Mr.
Mr. HOYER said: If not paired, I JAMES COYNE rose to a point of
would vote " no " on this bill. order.
A MEMBER. And debate it after- The SPEAKER proceeded to pnt
ward . the question on the motion of Mr.
SEVERAL SENATORS. I object. YATES.
148 CH..'\Pl'ER 9

AY. of L.-CIO AFL-CIO but

preferred) - AT&T
A..D., B.C. Texas A&M:
e..s.t. R&D
i_e.., e.g. (but op. cit.
9.8. Except as othenvi...~ designated, points and spaces are omit-
ted after initials used as shortened names of governmental agen-
cies and of other organized bodies. "Other organized bodies" shall
be int.erpreted to mean organized bodies that have become popu-
larly identified with a symbol, such as MIT (Massachusetts Insti-
tute of Technology), GM (General Motors), GMAC (General Motors
Acceptance Corp.), etc. (See "Llst of Abbreviations.") Symbols, when
they appear in copy, may be used for acts of Congress. Example:
ARA (Area Redevelopment Act).
VJ:-""'W TVA ARC
NLRB AFL-CIO ASTM

Geographic terms
9.9. United Stares ust be spelled out when appearing in a sen-
tence containing the name of another country. The abbreviation
U.S. will be used when preceding the word Government or the
name of a Government organization, except in formal writing (trea-
ties, Executive orders, proclamations, etc.); congressional bills~legal
citations and courtwork; and covers and title pages. ~G-t' L=,
U.S. Government OS _,P
Wo D ~ ~ 'r
,_, - ,1_
USC
. . ongress
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services C1 ; Ji"")i u r) ' 1
U .S. disb-ict court
U.S. Supreme Court (but Supreme Court of the United St.ates) I- I 0
U.S. Army (but Army of the United States)
U.S. monitor Nantucket
U .S.-NATO assistance
U .S. Government efforts to control inflation must be successful if the
United States is to have a stable economy.
bu.t British, French. and United States Governments; United States-British
talks
9.10. With the exceptions in the preceding rule, the abbreviation
U.S. is used in the adjective position, but is spelled out when used
as a noun.
U.S. foreign policy United States Steel Corp. (legal
U.S. farm-support program title)
U.S. attorney Foreign policy of the United St.ates
U.S. citi2;en
United States Code (official title) not Temperatures vary in the U.S.
9.11. The names of foreign countries are not abbreviated, with
the exception of the former U.S.S.R., which is abbreviated due to
its length.
9.12. In other than formal usage as defined in ruJe 9.9, all States
of the United States, the Canal Zone, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin
Islands are abbreviated immediately following any capitalized geo-
graphic term, including armory, arsenal, airbase, airport, barracks,