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Planificación en Educativa
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Nothing affects a school district more than it’s ability to create and execute a strategic plan.
A good strategic plan can improve student outcomes, keep great teachers and enhance the
reputation of district leadership. Failure in strategic planning can be disastrous. Here’s what
we know about strategic planning in education including a brief history, what works now and
where it’s heading in the future.
School districts of all sizes use strategic planning to achieve the broad goals of improving
student outcomes and responding to changing demographics while staying within the funding
box they are given. The nature of these goals and restrictions suggest that strategic planning
in education is, and must be, different than the process used in the business sector. In the
business sector the goal is to get more customers or make more money. Recognizing these
differences, educators became early adopters of blending strategic planning with community
engagement activities.
The strategoi provided “strategic” advice to political rulers and war councils about managing
battles to win wars as opposed to providing tactical advice about managing troops to win
wars. That distinction has haunted the strategic planning process for close to 2000 years.
Even the language of military strategy remains entrenched in the work place. “Front line”
workers and being “in the trenches” are an accurate description of the reality of those on a
battlefield, not those in an office or classroom.
We know that it can “feel” like there are enemies to rail against. The collaborative
leaders we work with recognize and acknowledge the reality of the public
education system while using language that builds relationships and reframes
enemies to potential allies.
The adoption of strategic planning in the business world began somewhere between the
1950′s and 60′s. The exact date has yet to be agreed upon but most scholars and business
historians agree that the practice along with the philosophy emerged over a few decades and
that strategic planning continues to evolve today. Strategic planning in the education sector
initially flowed out of business practices as a result of people moving from the business sector
into positions in education leadership and bringing with them a set of planning tools and
paradigms.
Mintzberg also found and shared many examples of organizations that had been successful
in strategic planning. He notes that these organizations approach strategic planning in a less
structured and rigid way. Much like we have observed within school districts.
The descriptions of strategic planning in education are so different from its use
in the private sector as to raise the issue of whether the educational model has
diverged so far that it deserves some new name ~ Conely
Some critics suggest that the education sector emphasizes the political dimensions of the
strategic planning process as a way of increasing the number of school community
stakeholders. We don’t think that’s something to be critical of. Rather, it should be lauded.
The education sector has shifted the process of strategic planning from a boardroom activity
to a community-involved process. As Anderson aptly points out:
More recently school districts have proactively shifted their strategic planning process to
genuinely include and involve parents and other constituents. At the school district level
strategic planning requires community engagement and support both functionally and
legislatively. Collaborative leaders in education know that without community support and
the insight that comes with community engagement their strategic plans are likely to fail.
1. Get everyone on the same page. Differing understandings of what strategy entails,
how it should be created and who should be involved, can stymie even the best plans.
The first step in creating a successful strategic plan is getting everyone involved to
agree on one model of strategic planning. A terms of reference document can get
everyone on the same page.
2. Engaging community early in the process. Gain insights and gauge community
preferences as early as possible. School districts that engage early in the planning
process have a much greater chance at building a successful and community
supported plan. Engage early and engage often is the mantra of successful
collaborative leaders.
3. Be a collaborative leader. Collaborative leaders in education have long recognized
the benefits of early and frequent engagement with their constituents. They know, as
we do, that much like early reading programs, every minute and every dime invested
in gaining community support, pays off exponentially.
Without a connected and accessible “environment” like the Internet, genuine and affordable
community engagement in strategic planning would not be feasible. Our connected
environment, the ubiquity of email and user-friendly technology has changed, and will
continue to change, the strategic planning process.
Nada afecta más a un distrito escolar que su capacidad para crear y ejecutar un plan
estratégico. Un buen plan estratégico puede mejorar los resultados de los estudiantes,
mantener excelentes maestros y mejorar la reputación del liderazgo del distrito. El fracaso en
la planificación estratégica puede ser desastroso. Esto es lo que sabemos sobre la
planificación estratégica en educación, incluida una breve historia, lo que funciona ahora y
hacia dónde se dirige en el futuro.
Los distritos escolares de todos los tamaños usan la planificación estratégica para lograr los
objetivos generales de mejorar los resultados de los estudiantes y responder a los cambios
demográficos mientras se mantienen dentro del recuadro de financiamiento que reciben. La
naturaleza de estos objetivos y restricciones sugieren que la planificación estratégica en
educación es, y debe ser, diferente del proceso utilizado en el sector empresarial. En el sector
empresarial, el objetivo es conseguir más clientes o ganar más dinero. Al reconocer estas
diferencias, los educadores se convirtieron en los primeros en adoptar la combinación de
planificación estratégica con actividades de participación comunitaria.
Sabemos que se puede "sentir" como si hubiera enemigos contra los que luchar.
Los líderes de colaboración con los que trabajamos reconocen y reconocen la
realidad del sistema de educación pública mientras usan un lenguaje que
construye relaciones y vuelve a encuadrar a los enemigos en posibles aliados.
Algunos críticos sugieren que el sector educativo enfatiza las dimensiones políticas del
proceso de planificación estratégica como una forma de aumentar el número de partes
interesadas de la comunidad escolar. No creemos que eso sea algo de lo que hay que criticar.
Más bien, debe ser alabado. El sector educativo ha cambiado el proceso de planificación
estratégica de una actividad de la sala de juntas a un proceso que involucra a la comunidad.
Como Anderson acertadamente señala:
Ideas Secundarias
para alcanzar esas metas y movilizar los recursos necesarios para tomar esas acciones.
estrategia militar.
las ideas presentadas por Peter Drucker, Edward Deming y Peter Senge.
Los educadores, al darse cuenta del valor de las diversas perspectivas y el apoyo de
Resumen
Los distritos escolares de todos los tamaños usan la planificación estratégica para
lograr los objetivos generales de mejorar los resultados de los estudiantes y responder a los
reciben.
La naturaleza de estos objetivos y restricciones sugieren que la planificación
estratégica en educación es, y debe ser, diferente del proceso utilizado en el sector
empresarial.
algún lugar entre los años cincuenta y sesenta. La fecha exacta aún no se ha acordado, pero
junto con la filosofía surgió durante algunas décadas y que la planificación estratégica
prácticas comerciales como resultado de que las personas pasaron del sector empresarial a
Tom Peters describió la planificación estratégica como "muerte por mil iniciativas" y
Henry Mintzberg sugiere que la evidencia muestra claramente que las "botas de plomo" y las
en educación son tan diferentes de su uso, en el sector privado como para plantear la cuestión
de si el modelo educativo ha divergido tanto que merece un nuevo nombre. Algunos críticos
sugieren que el sector educativo enfatiza las dimensiones políticas del proceso de
comunidad escolar.
obtiene con el compromiso de la comunidad, es probable que sus planes estratégicos fracasen.
tienen una oportunidad mucho mayor de construir un plan exitoso y apoyado por la
comunidad. Los educadores, al darse cuenta del valor de las diversas perspectivas y el apoyo