3/10/2016 Theories of Motivation

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INDEX OF LEARNING THEORY / MODEL SUMMARIES BY CATEGORY RECOMMENDATIONS ABOUT

ARCS Model of Motivational

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Design Theories (Keller)
 DESIGN THEORIES & MODELS, MOTIVATION THEORIES

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Summary: According to John Keller’s ARCS Model of Motivational
Learning Theories In Plain
Design Theories, there are four steps for promoting and sustaining
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motivation in the learning process: Attention, Relevance, Confidence,
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Key terms: Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction (ARCS)

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ARCS Model of Motivational Design (Keller)
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1. Attention Buy safely and securely with

Paypal or credit card! For the
Keller attention can be gained in two ways: (1) Perceptual price of a Starbucks coffee,
arousal – uses surprise or uncertainly to gain interest. Uses your purchase helps support
novel, surprising, incongruous, and uncertain events; or (2) our costs! Click here for
Inquiry arousal – stimulates curiosity by posing challenging more details.
questions or problems to be solved.
Methods for grabbing the learners’ attention include the use of: More details

Active participation -Adopt strategies such as games, Also, check out our new
roleplay or other hands-on methods to get learners printable study flashcards!
involved with the material or subject matter.
Variability – To better reinforce materials and account for
individual differences in learning styles, use a variety of
methods in presenting material (e.g. use of videos, short
lectures, mini-discussion groups).
Humor -Maintain interest by use a small amount of
humor (but not too much to be distracting)
Incongruity and Conflict – A devil’s advocate approach in
which statements are posed that go against a learner’s
past experiences.
Specific examples – Use a visual stimuli, story, or
biography.
Inquiry – Pose questions or problems for the learners to
solve, e.g. brainstorming activities.

2. Relevance

Establish relevance in order to increase a learner’s motivation. To

do this, use concrete language and examples with which the RECENT UPDATES (MARCH 4)
learners are familiar. Six major strategies described by Keller
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Experience – Tell the learners how the new learning will
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use their existing skills. We best learn by building upon
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3/10/2016 Theories of Motivation

Modeling – First of all, “be what you want them to do!” now.
Other strategies include guest speakers, videos, and
having the learners who finish their work first to serve as Read eBooks or PDFs on any
tutors. device with the free Kindle eBook
Choice – Allow the learners to use different methods to Reading app. .
pursue their work or allowing s choice in how they
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Need Games, Icebreakers and

Activities for the Classroom?
Find Party Games, How Do You
Play and Icebreakers for free guides

Help students understand their likelihood for success. If they and ideas.

feel they cannot meet the objectives or that the cost (time or
effort) is too high, their motivation will decrease. Interested in how to use virtual

Provide objectives and prerequisites – Help students estimate reality for education?

the probability of success by presenting performance

requirements and evaluation criteria. Ensure the learners are
aware of performance requirements and evaluative criteria. RECOMMENDED BOOKS
Allow for success that is meaningful.
Grow the Learners – Allow for small steps of growth during the
learning process. LEADERBOARD
Feedback – Provide feedback and support internal attributions Earn points by reading and sharing
for success. articles! Here are the top scorers:
Learner Control – Learners should feel some degree of control
over their learning and assessment. They should believe that #1. Davey K. : 346.00 points
their success is a direct result of the amount of effort they have #2. krist2366 : 38.00 points
put forth. #3. Ismul : 33.00 points
#4. Susan : 23.00 points
4. Satisfaction
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3/10/2016 Theories of Motivation

Learning must be rewarding or satisfying in some way, whether #5. Astrid : 23.00 points
it is from a sense of achievement, praise from a higher-up, or
mere entertainment. Your score:
Make the learner feel as though the skill is useful or beneficial by
providing opportunities to use newly acquired knowledge in a
real setting.
Provide feedback and reinforcement. When learners appreciate
the results, they will be motivated to learn. Satisfaction is based
upon motivation, which can be intrinsic or extrinsic.
Do not patronize the learner by over-rewarding easy tasks.

For more information, we recommend:

John Keller’s book: Motivational Design for Learning and

Performance: The ARCS Model Approach. Keller’s book explains
in detail the ARCS model. Separate chapters cover each
component of the model and offer strategies for promoting
each one in learners. Plenty of real-world examples and ready-
to-use worksheets. The methods are applied to both traditional
and alternative settings, including gifted classes, K12, self-
directed learning, and corporate training.

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3/10/2016 Theories of Motivation

You are welcome to share or cite this summary article. Citation: ARCS
Model of Motivational Design Theories (Keller). (2016, March 10).
Retrieved from: http://www.learning-theories.com/kellers-arcs-model-
of-motivational-design.html

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