What is Swimming?

Swimming is an individual or team sport that requires

the use of one's arms and legs to move the body
through water. The sport takes place in pools or open
water (e.g., in a sea or lake). Competitive swimming is
one of the most popular Olympic sports, with varied
distance events in butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke,
freestyle, and individual medley. In addition to these
individual events, four swimmers can take part in
either a freestyle or medley relay. A medley relay consists of four swimmers who will each swim
a different stroke. The order for a medley relay is: backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly, and
freestyle. Swimming each stroke requires a set of specific techniques; in competition, there are
distinct regulations concerning the acceptable form for each individual stroke. There are also
regulations on what types of swimsuits, caps, jewelry and injury tape that are allowed at
competitions.Although it is possible for competitive swimmers to incur several injuries from the
sport, such as tendinitis in the shoulders or knees, there are also multiple health benefits
associated with the sport. [1]

History of Swimming

Ancient times

Rock paintings from the Cave of Swimmers

10,000-year-old rock paintings of people

swimming were found in the Cave of
Swimmers near Wadi Sura in southwestern
Egypt. These pictures seem to show
breaststroke or doggy paddle, although it is
also possible that the movements have a ritual
meaning unrelated to swimming. An Egyptian clay seal dated between 9000 BC and 4000 BC
shows four people who are believed to be swimming a variant of the front crawl.

More references to swimming are found in the Babylonian and Assyrian wall drawings,
depicting a variant of the breaststroke. The most famous drawings were found in the Kebir
desert and are estimated to be from around 4000 BC. The Nagoda bas-relief also shows
swimmers inside of men dating back from 3000 BC. The Indian palace Mohenjo Daro from
2800 BC contains a swimming pool sized 12 m by 7 m. The Minoan palace of Knossos in
Crete also featured baths. An Egyptian tomb from 2000 BC shows a variant of front crawl.
Depictions of swimmers have also been found from the Hittites, Minoans and other Middle
Eastern civilizations, in the Tepantitla compound at Teotihuacan, and in mosaics in Pompeii.

Written references date back to ancient times, with the earliest as early as 2000 BC. Such
references occur in works like Gilgamesh, the Iliad, the Odyssey, the Bible (Ezekiel 47:5, Acts
27:42, Isaiah 25:11), Beowulf, and other sagas, although the style is never described. There are
also many mentions of swimmers in the Vatican, Borgian and Bourbon codices. A series of
reliefs from 850 BC in the Nimrud Gallery of the British Museum shows swimmers, mostly in
military context, often using swimming aids. The Germanic folklore describes swimming, which
was used successfully in wars against the Romans.

Early modern era

Lifebelt sketch by Leonardo da Vinci (circa 1488–90).

The book "A short introduction for to learne to swimme" -

British Library

Since swimming was done in a state of undress, it became

less popular as society became more conservative in the
early Modern period. Leonardo da Vinci made early
sketches of lifebelts. In 1539, Nikolaus Wynmann, a German
professor of languages, wrote the first swimming book
Colymbetes. His purpose was to reduce the dangers of
drowning. The book contained a good methodical approach
to learning breaststroke, and mentioned swimming aids
such as air filled cow bladders, reed bundles, and cork
belts.

In 1587, Everard Digby also wrote a swimming book, claiming that humans could swim better
than fish.Digby was a Senior Fellow at St. John's College, Cambridge and was interested in
the scientific method. His short treatise, De arte natandi, was written in Latin and contained
over 40 woodcut illustrations depicting various methods of swimming, including the
breaststroke, backstroke and crawl. Digby regarded the breaststroke as the most useful form of
swimming. In 1603, Emperor Go-Yozei of Japan declared that schoolchildren should swim.

In 1595, Christopher Middleton wrote "A short introduction for to learne to swimme", that
was the first published guide recording drawings and examples of different swimming styles.

In 1696, the French author Melchisédech Thévenot wrote The Art of Swimming, describing a
breaststroke very similar to the modern breaststroke. This book was translated into English and
became the standard reference of swimming for many years to come. In 1793, GutsMuths
from Schnepfenthal, Germany, wrote Gymnastik für die Jugend (Exercise for youth), including
a significant portion about swimming. In 1794, Kanonikus Oronzio de Bernardi of Italy wrote a
two volume book about swimming, including floating practice as a prerequisite for swimming
studies.

In 1798, GutsMuths wrote another book Kleines Lehrbuch der Schwimmkunst zum
Selbstunterricht (Small study book of the art of swimming for self-study), recommending the use
of a "fishing rod" device to aid in the learning of swimming. His books describe a three-step
approach to learning to swim that is still used today. First, get the student used to the water;
second, practice the swimming movements out of the water; and third, practice the swimming
movements in the water. He believed that swimming is an essential part of every education.The
Haloren, a group of salt makers in Halle, Germany, greatly advanced swimming through setting
a good example to others by teaching their children to swim at a very early age.

Leander swimming across the Hellespont. Detail from a

painting by Bernard Picart.

Evidence of recreational swimming in prehistoric times has

been found, with the earliest evidence dating to Stone
Age paintings from around 10,000 years ago. Written
references date from 2000 BC, with some of the earliest
references to swimming including the Iliad, the Odyssey,
the Bible, Beowulf, the Quran and others. In 1538, Nikolaus Wynmann, a Swiss professor of
languages, wrote the first book about swimming, The Swimmer or A Dialogue on the Art of
Swimming (Der Schwimmer oder ein Zweigespräch über die Schwimmkunst).

Swimming emerged as a competitive recreational activity in the 1830s in England. In 1828, the
first indoor swimming pool, St George's Baths was opened to the public. By 1837, the National
Swimming Society was holding regular swimming competitions in six artificial swimming
pools, built around London. The recreational activity grew in popularity and by 1880, when the
first national governing body, the Amateur Swimming Association was formed, there were
already over 300 regional clubs in operation across the country.

In 1844 two Native American participants at a swimming competition in London introduced

the front crawl to a European audience. Sir John Arthur Trudgen picked up the hand-over
stroke from some South American natives and successfully debuted the new stroke in 1873,
winning a local competition in England. His stroke is still regarded as the most powerful to use
today.
Captain Matthew Webb was the first man to swim the English Channel (between England
and France), in 1875. Using the breaststroke technique, he swam the channel 21.26 miles
(34.21 km) in 21 hours and 45 minutes. His feat was not replicated or surpassed for the next 36
years, until T.W. Burgess made the crossing in 1911.

Other European countries also established swimming federations; Germany in 1882, France in
1890 and Hungary in 1896. The first European amateur swimming competitions were in 1889
in Vienna. The world's first women's swimming championship was held in Scotland in 1892.

Men's swimming became part of the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 in Athens. In
1902, the Australian Richmond Cavill introduced freestyle to the Western world. In 1908, the
world swimming association, Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA), was formed.
Women's swimming was introduced into the Olympics in 1912; the first international swim
meet for women outside the Olympics was the 1922 Women's Olympiad. Butterfly was
developed in the 1930s and was at first a variant of breaststroke, until it was accepted as a
separate style in 1952. [2]

What is treading?

Treading water or water treading is what a swimmer can do while in a vertical position to keep
their head above the surface of the water, while not providing sufficient directional thrust to
overcome inertia and propel the swimmer in any specific direction. As it expends less energy
than traditional strokes, it is often used by swimmers to rest between periods of exertion
without having to leave the water.

As such, the phrase "treading water" has become a euphemism for an effort expected to
create motion, but which actually results in merely staying in one, possibly barely sustainable,
place. [3]

What’s the most important thing to stop

yourself from drowning?

Getting OUT of the water…but treading

water is a close second!
Treading water is the first thing
everyone should learn before swimming, but
sadly many people learn the wrong
techniques and it ends up costing a lot of
energy to keep up. There is a correct way to
tread water. It’s the most energy efficient and
could make it easier on you, or even save your life later if you practice it now.
 Body Position

When treading water, your body stays upright, head

above the surface. If you aren’t vertical, you’re
technically swimming, not treading!
Your arms and legs move to keep you afloat, although
you can tread temporarily with just arms or just legs.
It is important to stay calm and slow your
breathing, since this will increase your energy
efficiency and slow exhaustion.
You know you’re doing it right if your body is barely bobbing up and down. Your torso
should remain motionless as your arms and legs work to keep you afloat.

Arms

Move your arms horizontally in the water, back and

forth. Moving them up and down will make you bob
around, which wastes energy!
Your palms should face the direction that your arms
are moving. This is called “sculling”.
PUSH the water out of your way! Use those muscles!

Legs

There are lots of different ways to kick your legs

when treading water.You can try using a flutter
kick (freestyle), frog kick (breaststroke), or even just
moving your legs in circles really fast. All of these will
work to propel your body upward, counteracting
gravity. But they waste a lot of energy!
The right technique is the rotary kick, moving your
legs like an eggbeater, with each leg rotating a different direction.
Timing is everything! When one leg kicks out, the other should be coming in.
This motion is the hardest to master, but once you do, I promise you can go for hours without
feeling a thing! [4]
Four types of floats

Survival Float

The survival float uses very little energy,

making it ideal for situations when you don't
know how long you'll need to stay afloat. Lie
on your stomach with your face underwater
and your arms and legs dangling. When you
need to breathe, bring your head back up and
out of the water while pushing down with
your arms and legs. After you take in a breath,
hold it and relax completely for a few seconds
to drop back into the water. When you need
to breathe again, exhale as you bring you r face back up out of the water.[5]

Vertical Survival Float

The vertical survival float is also used for survival

situations, and is typically used by swimmers with
lower body fat who are not buoyant enough to
stay near the water's surface using the horizontal
survival float. Imagine you are standing in the
water with your head near the surface. Keep your
elbows bent, with your arms out to your side and
slightly in front of you. Cross your feet at the
ankles to keep them from moving. With a full
breath of air, you will only sink a few inches below
the surface of the water. Gently thrust your hips forward, then backward, to propel yourself up
to where your mouth just breaks the water's surface. Exhale sharply and quickly take a full
breath. You will sink below the surface again. Other than the hip thrusts, there is no movement
in this floating technique.[5]
 Back Float

The back float is commonly used by recreational

swimmers for short periods of rest. With a slightly
arched back, lie on the surface of the water as if you
were lying on a firm mattress. Keep your arms to
your side and move them back and forth in small
circles to keep your upper body on the surface. If
you find your legs sinking, use small kicking
movements to keep them near the surface.[5]

Treading Water

Treading water has the swimmer in an up-and-

down position like the vertical survival float, but
the arms and legs are used to keep the head
above the surface of the water at all times. To
stay afloat, move the hands in a figure-eight
pattern just under the water's surface and move
the legs as if you were pedaling a bicycle.
Treading water uses the most energy, and is
used when the swimmer needs a better view of
the surroundings.[5]
4 major strokes in swimming

Front Crawl/Freestyle Stroke

The front crawl (also often called the freestyle stroke) is the fastest of the competitive
swimming strokes.

Swimming Technique

Front Crawl is swum in a prone horizontal position (face down).

The arms move continuously and alternately.

While one arm pulls underwater from an
extended forward position toward the hip, the
other arm recovers above water from the hip to
the forward extended position.

The legs do quick, compact alternate up and

down movements, with the feet pointed (flutter
kick).

To breathe, the swimmer turns his head sideways during the arm recovery, until the
mouth is above the water surface. The swimmer inhales quickly, then turns his head down
again.

Uses

Front crawl is the fastest and most efficient of all swimming strokes for the following reasons:

There’s always one arm pulling underwater, ideally positioned to deliver powerful propulsion.

The arm recovery above water minimizes drag.

The continuous flutter kick also provides its fair share of propulsion.

Because front crawl is fast and efficient, it dominates swimming competitions where the choice
of stroke is free, such as freestyle races or triathlons.
For the same reasons, it often is the preferred swimming stroke of fitness swimmers.

Breaststroke

Breaststroke is the most popular swimming

stroke of all.

If you go to a public swimming pool, you will most

likely see that the majority of patrons are
swimming breaststroke.

Swimming Technique

Breaststroke is swum in a prone position. The body goes from a horizontal position during a
short, streamlined glide phase to a more inclined position during arm recovery phase.

The arms movements are

simultaneous and symmetrical.
During the backward underwater arm
pull, the hands describe an arc,
moving from an extended forward
position to below the chest.

During the arm recovery, the hands

move from below the chest to the
extended forward position in a
straight line.

The legs do a symmetrical whip kick. First, the legs are fully extended at the end of the glide
phase.

The feet then move toward the buttocks during the leg recovery.

Finally, during the propulsive phase of the kick, the feet move outward and backward from the
buttocks and then inward and backward back to the fully outstretched leg position again.

Breathing occurs at the end of the underwater arm pull, when the hands move below the
chest and the head and chest move above the water surface.

Uses

Breaststroke is the slowest one of the competitive swimming strokes.

Breaststroke is often the first stroke taught to beginners because you can swim breaststroke
while keeping your head above water all the time.

This allows beginners to learn to swim without having to use swim goggles or to deal with
breathing issues.

Butterfly Stroke

The butterfly stroke is the second fastest

swimming stroke, and is also quite
exhausting to swim.

Swimming Technique

The butterfly is swum in a prone

position. The body executes a wave-
like undulation, where the chest and the
hips take turns in moving up and down in
the water.

The undulation is initiated at the head,

and the chest, hips, and legs successively
follow along.

The arm stroke is symmetrical, where

the hands trace an hourglass pattern
underwater, moving from an extended
forward position to below the chest and
then toward the hips.

The hands leave the water at the hips,

and the arms circle forward sideways above the water until they are extended forward again.

The legs do a dolphin kick. They are kept together and move up and down in a symmetrical
fashion with feet pointed.

Breathing occurs during the arm recovery of a breathing stroke cycle, where the head and
chest are lifted above the water to permit breathing.

Most swimmers alternate breathing stroke cycles with non-breathing stroke cycles, as
breathing stroke cycles require more energy to lift the upper body above the water surface.

Uses
The butterfly stroke is one of the more difficult strokes to learn. You need to master the
unusual movements of the body undulation, as well as the dolphin kick and the not-so-obvious
arm stroke.

Because the butterfly stroke is quite tiring and allows you to only to swim a few lengths in a
row, it is mostly used by competitive swimmers.

Recreational and fitness swimmers most often prefer to swim front crawl or breaststroke.

Nevertheless, the butterfly stroke is a spectacular swim stroke that is quite fun to swim once in
a while when you have mastered it.

Backstroke

Backstroke is the only one of the four competitive strokes swum on the back.

Swimming Technique

Backstroke is swum in a horizontal position

on the back. The body rolls from side to side
toward the arm currently pulling underwater.
The head stays in a neutral position, face
turned up.

The arms alternate pulling in the water and

recovering above water.

The pulling arm sweeps underwater from an

extended forward position to outside the
shoulder and then toward the hip.

The arm recovery occurs with a straight arm

above water. The hand traces half a circle in the
air, moving from the hip to pointing upward at
the ceiling to being extended forward again.

The legs do a flutter kick, where they alternate

kicking up and down in quick, compact
movements with the feet pointed.

Because the face is turned upward, breathing is not restricted. However, most backstroke
swimmers synchronize their breathing with their arm movements.
Uses

In competitions, backstroke is the third-fastest swimming stroke, being faster than breaststroke
but slower than butterfly.

Recreational and fitness swimmers should consider doing a bit of backstroke during each swim
session, as it uses different muscles than front crawl, contributing to a more balanced
musculature.

Equally, in open water competitions, it can be useful to switch from front crawl to backstroke
from time to time to catch your breath and to rest a bit.

Doctors frequently advise patients suffering from back problems to swim backstroke, because it
allows to relax and strengthen the back muscles.

Sidestroke

The sidestroke is an older swimming stroke

swum on the side. It uses a scissor kick and
asymmetrical underwater arm movements.

Sidestroke

Swimming Technique

Sidestroke is swum in a horizontal

position on the side. The swimmer stays on
the same side over the whole stroke cycle.

The head is turned sideways and upward,

with the face being above water all the
time.

The arms do different movements but move

in accord.

In a first phase, the lower arm moves

underwater from an extended forward
position to the chest, providing propulsion.

At the same time, the upper arm, which was resting on the side, bends at the elbow and
recovers toward the chest.

The hands meet in front of the chest.

In a second phase, the lower arm recovers underwater to the extended forward position.

At the same time, the upper arm pulls backward in the water, straightening and moving back to
the side of the body.

The legs do a scissor kick. Initially, both legs are straight.

During the recovery, the upper leg bends forward at the hip, while the lower leg bends
backward at the hip. Both legs bend at the knee.

During the propulsive phase, both legs straighten and move back to their initial position.

The upper leg pushes against the water with the back side of the leg, while the lower leg pushes
against the water with the front side of the leg.

Uses

Sidestroke is not used in swimming competitions and is therefore swum less often nowadays.

Nevertheless, it is easy to learn and can be a welcome alternative to the more popular strokes.

Sidestroke is also one of the swimming strokes used by lifeguards to rescue victims.[6]
Famous Swimmer’s Biography

Jenny Thompson

Jennifer Beth Thompson M.D (born February 26, 1973) is an American former
competition swimmer. She is one of the most decorated Olympians in history: twelve medals,
including eight gold medals, in the 1992, 1996, 2000, and 2004 Summer Olympics.

Thompson, a Massachusetts native who calls Dover, New Hampshire her hometown,
began swimming at age 7 at a summer country club called Cedardale in Groveland,
Massachusetts. During the indoor season, she swam at the Danvers YMCA from ages 8 to 10,
and then at the Andover-North Andover YMCA from the ages of 10 to 12. At age 12 she began
swimming for Seacoast Swimming Association under coaches Amy and Mike Parratto, and
moved to Dover at age 13.

She first appeared on the international scene as a 14-year-old in 1987, when she won
the 50-meter freestyle and placed third in the 100-meter freestyle at the Pan American
Games. She won her first world championship in 1991, as part of the USA's winning 4×100-
meter freestyle relay team, and held the world record in the 50-meter and 100-meter freestyle
when she participated in the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona, Spain.

Thompson attended Stanford University, and swam for the Stanford Cardinal
swimming and diving team in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and Pacific-10
Conference competition. She was the recipient of the 1994–95 Honda Sports Award for
Swimming and Diving, recognizing her as the outstanding college female swimmer of the
year.[2]

In 2006, Thompson received a medical degree from the Columbia University College
of Physicians and Surgeons, completed a residency in anesthesiology at the Brigham and
Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, and then a fellowship in pediatric
anesthesiology at Children's Hospital of Boston.[3]

World competitions and records

1992 Olympics
 Thought to be at the height of her competitive career at the time, Thompson was
expected to win up to five gold medals at those Olympics. However, she failed to qualify for the
final in the 200-meter freestyle, finished a disappointing fifth in the 50-meter, and finished
second in the 100-meter, where she was beaten by Zhuang Yong of China. Thompson won
two gold medals as part of the 4×100-meter freestyle and 4×100-meter medley teams.
Considerable controversy was raised after the 100-meter freestyle when the U.S. team
speculated on the loose doping policy standards in Barcelona—at that time the event winner
did not have a mandatory doping test—only the second and fourth-place finishers were tested,
based on a random draw. Thompson and her teammates believed that the Olympic champion
should be tested and that rule was changed a few months later when nine members of the
Chinese swimming team tested positive for steroid use.

University years

Thompson continued her career as a member of the U.S. national team and a member of the
Stanford University swimming team, and continued to rank among the world's best swimmers
for the next four years. During Thompson's four years at Stanford, she was a member of four
NCAA championship teams, considered to be some of the most dominant collegiate teams in
NCAA history. During that time, Thompson amassed nineteen individual and relay NCAA titles.
However, a poor performance at the 1996 Olympic Trials kept her from competing in any
individual event at that year's Games in Atlanta. Despite this, she competed in three gold-
medal winning relay teams at the Olympics; the 4×100-meter freestyle, 4×100-meter medley,
and 4×200-meter freestyle. She competed as a member of the USA Finswimming Team at the
8th World Championship held in Hungary during August 1996.[4]

Between 1997 and 1999, Thompson won eight more world championship titles, including three
in a row in the 100-meter freestyle. At the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia she
won a bronze in the 100-meter freestyle and was fifth in the 100-meter butterfly. But in the
relay events, she swam the anchor leg in helping the USA defend its titles in the 4×100-meter
freestyle and the 4×200-meter freestyle relays. She also swam the butterfly leg in the winning
4×100-meter relays. The 4×100-meter freestyle and medley teams set new world records in the
process.

At the World Championships that year, she broke the world record in the 100-meter butterfly
for the fourth time, winning a qualifying heat in a time of 56.56 en route to a gold medal in the
event.

2000 through 2004

Thompson seemingly retired from competition after the 2000 season with 10 Olympic medals,
eight gold, one silver and one bronze, and 12 gold medals at World Championships. In 2001,
Thompson moved to New York City to begin studying at the Columbia University College of
Physicians and Surgeons. However, while attending medical school, she made a return to
competition at the 2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships in Yokohama, Japan. Thompson
won five medals in two days, setting a career-best time in winning the 50-meter freestyle. At
the 2003 World Championships, she would win five medals, including two gold medals.

At age 31, Thompson was the oldest member of the 2004 U.S. Swimming and Diving team,
competing in her fourth Olympics in Athens, Greece. She was the anchor member of the 400-
meter freestyle relay, where she contributed to a national record of 3:36.39 and a silver medal.
She earned another silver medal as a member of the 4×100-meter medley relay. During her
Olympic career, Thompson won twelve medals, eight of which were relay gold; the most for any
female Olympic swimmer in history.[5]

In 2006, Thompson received a medical degree from the Columbia University College of
Physicians and Surgeons. She did her internship at the New York City Memorial Sloan-
Kettering Cancer Center, and residency anesthesiologist at the Brigham and Women's
Hospital in Boston.[3] In June 2010 she was assaulted when two men attempted to steal her
scooter, however she was able to fight off both of her attackers.[6][7]

Thompson married Daniel Richard Cumpelik on September 5, 2010.[8] She currently works as an
anesthesiologist for the Spectrum medical group at Maine Medical Center in Portland, Maine.

Thompson has volunteered as a celebrity swimmer for Swim Across America, a charitable
organization that raises money for cancer research, since 1995.

Accolades and other recognition

She was the 1993 and 1998 USA Swimming Swimmer of the Year, and ranked as the 62nd
greatest female athlete of all time in a 1999 poll conducted by Sports Illustrated. She was
named by Swimming World Magazine as the Female World Swimmer of the Year in 1998,
and as Female American Swimmer of the Year in 1993, 1998 and 1999. She was the Women's
Sports Foundation's Athlete of the Year in 2000.

Her adopted hometown of Dover, New Hampshire has a public swimming pool named in her
honor. [3]
My Reflection to Jenny Thompson’s biography

Practice makes perfect indeed. At a young age, she trained herself to became a good
swimmer although she did not ranked first in her first appearance as a swimmer, it didn’t
stopped her to do better and pursue her passion in swimming. She practice harder and harder,
set some goals and even push herself to the limit. She had a discipline in herself that’s why she
excel in the field of swimming. This shows that if you want to prove something, practice harder
and set some goals.

One thing that I admire from her the most is that her life is not all about swimming. She
became a doctor. She didn’t depend on her swimming career as her living even though she is a
famous swimmer. It proves that you can be whatever you want to be if you truly believe in
yourself. Don’t make something your life when you know you can’t stay there forever. There’s a
time in your life that you’re at rock bottom so you should be prepare when that time comes.

Even though the start of her swimming career isn’t as backbreaking or tragic as others,
but it doesn’t mean that she is not born to become a great swimmer. She made me realize that
you don’t need to have a tragic experience to hold on to something but your determination is
enough to strive for it. Simple as it may sound, everyone’s life has its own difficulty, it is up to
you have you manage it. This just proves that when you want something, you got to do your
best without expecting something in return.

Her biography isn’t the thing that I read, I read other swimmer’s biography and the
common thing that these successful swimmers have to shine is patience,perseverance,
endurance and determination. These traits is what makes an ordinary person extraordinary.
Everyone can become one of them so don’t limit your dreams.
References:

[1]Swimming sport- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_(sport)

[2]History of Swimming- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_swimming

[3] Treading Water- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treading_water

[4] Walk on Water: The Secret to Treading Water Effortlessly -

https://www.underwateraudio.com/blogs/swimming-and-fitness-blog/walk-water-secret-
treading-water-effortlessly

[5] Different Floating Positions in Swimming - https://healthyliving.azcentral.com/different-

floating-positions-swimming-2418.html

[6] Overview of Common Swimming Strokes - https://www.enjoy-swimming.com/swimming-

strokes.html

[6] Jenny Thompson - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenny_Thompson

SWIMMING