REPORT ON

PRE-FABRICATION

SUBMITTED TO : AR. SUSHMA GARG

AR. GANDHARV SWAMI

SUBMITTED BY : HARSHITA SETHI

4TH YEAR,DTC.
Prefabricated construction is the practice of assembling a variety
of components of a structure at a manufacturing site and
transporting those sub-assemblies to the location of the
construction jobsite. Prefabricated construction is sometimes
thought of as a low-end and mass produced mode of
construction. In reality however, it is quite the opposite.
Prefabricated construction is becoming more common, improving
in quality and has become available in a variety of budgets.
Despite the perception of prefabrication, there are numerous
benefits to this type of construction.

Advantages

The advantages of prefabrication include:

 Time savings due to the ability to progress work as a parallel

operation in a factory and on a construction site.

 Factory tolerances and workmanship is of a

higher quality and consistency to that achieved on site.

 There tends to be less waste.

 Independence from adverse weather and winter working.

 An alternative means of production where there may be

shortages of local skilled labour.

 The factory environment can allow better safety than

the construction site.

Disadvantages

The disadvantages of prefabrication include:

  Road transport need for maximum widths.

 Daytime traffic restrictions in city centres.

 Maximum load capacities of site craneage and temporary

gantries.

 Additional cost of temporary bracing for transportation

and/or lifting or permanent framing to
support prefabricated assemblies.

 Additional cost of pre-assembly in the factory prior

to dismantling for transport and delivery.

 The insitu work abutting prefabricated assemblies requires a

higher degree of accuracy than is normally associated with
on-site building work to avoid interface problems.

 A mistake in the mass production

of prefabricated elements ahead of the
measurable sitework is a serious risk.

 Factory production requires predictable and consistent

demand, whereas construction tends to require large
numbers at the same time, then none.

Limitations of prefabricated structures

 Transportation difficulties
 Waterproofing at joints
 Need for cranes

PREFAB BUILDING COMPONENTS

Some of the prefabricated components are as explained below:

Precast Beams:
There are two main categories of beams:

1. Internal beams – where floor loading is approximately

symmetrical

2. External beams – where floor loading is predominantly non-

symmetrical.

Precast Columns:

For structures of five storeys or less, each column will normally be

continuous to the full height of the building. For structures greater
than five storeys two or more columns are spliced together.

The main types of precast columns are:

1. Edge columns – symmetrical in one direction.

2. Internal columns – symmetrical in all directions.

3. Corner columns – not symmetrical at all.

Precast floor slabs:

The main types of slabs are used in the precast frames are:

1. Hollow cored slab

 1. Double tee slab

Precast walls:

Precast concrete walls serve two functions:

o Stability

o As walls or boxes surrounding staircases and lift shafts.

Walls may be classified as infill or cantilever:

o Infill walls rely on contiguous composite action with the

beam and column frame.

o Cantilever walls or boxes act as deep beams to which the

frame is attached.

Precast staircases:

Three options are available for precast staircases:

o A single precast unit containing all the flights and landings

o Separate precast flights and landings

o Parts of the flights and landings are made in one piece.

Prefab Column to Column Connection
Prefab Column to Beam Connection

Prefabricated Slab To Beam Connection

Difference between Precast & Cast-in-situ Concrete

1.Precast Concrete

 In the precast concrete, elements are manufactured in a

controlled casting environment and hence it is easier to
control mix, placement and curing.
  Elements can be cast in advance and held until the hour you
need them, thereby saves time.

 Weather condition has no effect on casting work.

Cast-in-situ Concrete
 In the cast-in-situ concrete, column, slab etc. elements are casted
on site in the open environment and hence it is difficult to control
mix, placement and curing.
 Elements cannot be casted in advance.
 Weather condition can delay the casting work.

Quality Control

Precast Concrete

 Quality can be controlled and maintained easily.

Cast-in-situ Concrete

 Quality control and maintenance is difficult.

04. Cost

Precast Concrete

 Precast concrete is cheaper form of construction if large

structures are to be constructed.

 Maintenance cost of precast concrete structure is higher.

Cast-in-situ Concrete

 In situ concrete is cheaper form of construction for small

structures.

05. Requirement of Worker & Machinery

Precast Concrete
 Less labours are required.
 Skilled labours are required at construction site.
 Skilled and technical contractor is required for construction of the
precast concrete structure.
 Precast concrete requires heavy machinery and cranes for
handling i.e. lifting and installation of heavy elements

Cast-in-situ Concrete

 More labours are required.

 Skilled labours are required at construction site.

 Local contractors can also build the structure.

 Cast-in-situ concrete does not require such handling

equipment.

06. Strength

Precast Concrete

 Precast concrete construction is quick as it can be installed

immediately and there is no waiting for it to gain strength.

 Increase in strength can be achieved by accelerated

curing.

 On site strength test is not required.

 High strength concrete can be used because it is in

controlled condition.

Cast-in-situ Concrete

 In situ concrete construction is slow as gaining of strength

requires time.

 Increase in strength at situ by accelerated curing is a difficult

task.

 On site strength test is required.

 It will difficult to use high strength concrete as it depends on
site condition and resources available.

07. Time of Construction

Precast Concrete

 Total construction time is less as compared to cast-in-situ.

 Speedy construction is possible.

Cast-in-situ Concrete

 Total construction time is more as compared to precast.

 Speed is less as elements are casted at site.