Alternative

Fuel
 INTRODUCTION
Conventional fuels
 Fossil fuels (petroleum), coal, and nuclear materials
such as uranium.

Alternative fuels
 also known as non-conventional fuels,
 any materials or substances that can be used as
fuels, other than conventional fuels.
 which is consumed to provide energy to power an
engine.
ETHANOL
 Mainly produced by the sugar fermentation process.

 Can also be manufactured by the chemical process of

reacting ethylene with steam.

 A clear colorless liquid, it is biodegradable, low in toxicity

and causes little environmental pollution if spilt.

 Ethanol is a high octane fuel and has replaced lead as an

octane enhancer in petrol.

 Widely sold in the United States.

 Advantages Disadvantages
Much cleaner, it burns Destroyed habitats
more cleanly (more including rainforests.
complete combustion)
Will increase food prices
Can reduce the net around the world.
emissions of greenhouse
gases Pure ethanol is also
The fuel spills are more difficult to vaporise
easily biodegraded or Not as efficient as
diluted to non toxic petroleum
concentrations.
Can use any plant for
production.
PROPANE
 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). Not RPG

 Clean-burning fossil fuel that can be used to power

internal combustion engines.

 Lower amounts of some harmful emissions and the

greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2)

 Most LPG used in U.S

 Transportation fuel since 1912

How Propane Vehicles Work?
 Propane is stored as a liquid in a relatively low-pressure
tank

 The supply of propane to the engine is controlled by a

regulator or vaporizer, which converts the liquid propane
to a vapor

 The vapor is fed to a mixer located near the intake

manifold, where it is metered and mixed with filtered air
before being drawn into the combustion chamber where
it is burned to produce power
 Advantages
 90% of propane used in U.S. comes from domestic
sources

 Less expensive than gasoline

 Potentially lower toxic, carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon

monoxide (CO), and nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC)

 Propane is clean, cost effective, safe and a reliable

alternative fuel
 Disadvantages
 Limited availability

 A few large trucks and vans can be special ordered from

manufacturers; other vehicles can be converted by
certified installers

 Less readily available than gasoline & diesel

 Fewer miles on a tank of fuel

BIODIESEL
 Biodiesel contains no petroleum, but it can be blended at
any level with petroleum diesel

 To create a biodiesel blend in different concentrations of

B100, B20, B5, B2.

 It can be used in compression-ignition (diesel) engines

with little or no modifications.

 Biodiesel is a form of diesel fuel manufactured from

 vegetable oils,
 animal fats,
 recycled restaurant greases.
Biodiesel Compared to
Petroleum Diesel
Advantages Disadvantages
• Can be used in most diesel • Use of blends above B5
engines, especially newer not yet approved by many
ones auto makers
• Less air pollutants (other • B100 generally not
than nitrogen oxides) suitable for use in low
• Less greenhouse gas temperatures
emissions (e.g., B20 • Concerns about B100's
reduces CO2 by 15%) impact on engine
• Non-toxic durability
HYDROGEN
 A potentially emissions-free alternative fuel produced
from domestic resources.

 Not widely used today as a transportation fuel

 Not occur free in nature in useful quantities, but it is

manufactured in a number of ways.
Advantages
 Emits only water vapour, assuming there is no leakage
of hydrogen gas
 It can store up to 3x as much energy as conventional
natural gas.
 Produced domestically.
 Environmentally friendly.

Disadvantages
 It still costs a considerable amount of money to run a
hydrogen vehicle
 Dangerous
COMPRESSED
NATURAL GAS
 a fossil fuel substitute for gasoline (petrol), Diesel fuel and
propane/LPG
 a more environmentally "clean" alternative to conventional
fuels.
 It is much safer than other fuels in the event of a
spill, because natural gas is lighter than air and disperses
quickly when released
 made by compressing natural gas (which is mainly composed
of methane, CH4), to less than 1 percent of the volume it
occupies at standard atmospheric pressure
 Advantages Disadvantages
 it can be efficiently and  still does create greenhouse
safely stored. gas emissions.
 more environmentally  highly volatile and can be
friendly due to its low dangerous is handled or
emissions after burning.
transported carelessly.
 most of the natural
reserves of natural gas  they aren't as roomy as
field are underutilized. gasoline cars.
 Improve lubrication  higher overall costs of a
because the cylinders are natural-gas vehicle
not washed by petrol compared to a gasoline-
excess powered car.
THANK YOU