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Power Distribution
Transformer
Connecting
EHT Bus-Bar
Indicator
Bushing
Temperature
Conservator
Tank
Tap-
Changer Pressure Relieve
Valve
Transformer
Yard
KESC TRAINING
Transformer CENTRE
Yard
Power Distribution
Transformer
Connecting
EHT Bus-Bar
Oil Level
Bushing
Indicator
Conservator
Tank
Tap-
Changer Pressure Relieve
Valve
Winding and oil
temperature
indicator Transformer
Yard
KESC TRAINING
Transformer CENTRE
Yard
An ideal transformer is a transformer which has no loses, i.e. it’s
winding has no ohmic resistance, no magnetic leakage, and
therefore no I2 R and core loses.
I1 I2
V1 – Primary Voltage
V1 E1 E2 V2
V2 – Secondary Voltage
E1 – Primary induced Voltage
E2 – secondary induced Voltage
N1:N2 – Transformer winding turns ratio
Transformer Equation
Faraday’s Law states that,
If the flux passes through a coil of wire, a voltage will be
induced in the turns of wire. This voltage is directly
proportional to the rate of change in the flux with respect of
time. d(t )
Vind = Emfind = −
dt
Lenz’s Law
Then:
d m sin t
Therefore: Vind = Emfind = − N
dt
= − N m cost
+ LS +
Vp Vs
- LP -
P = M + LP S = M + LS
Faraday’s law
d d
eind = Since, = eind =N
dt N dt
The losses to be considered in any accurate
model of transformer:
Copper (I2R) losses – resistive heating losses in the
primary and secondary windings.
Eddy current losses – resistive heating losses in the
core.
Hysteresis losses – associated with the
rearrangement of the magnetic domains in core.
Leakage flux – fluxes LP and LS that escape the
core.
Phasor Diagram No load Current
I0 = (Iω )2 +(Iμ ) 2
X1 I1 ’ X2
I1 R1 I2 R2
Io N1: N2
Ic Im
V1 Load V2
RC Xm E1 E2
ii Copper Losses