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PART – A
Solution:
x a y b z 2 1 - (1)
2 2
1
2 x 2 zp f ' x y z 1 p - (2)
2 y 2 zq f ' x y z 1 q
Divide (2) & (3)
x zp 1 p
y zq 1 q
x qx zp zpq y py zq zpq
z y p x zq y x
Problem 4 Form the partial differential equation by eliminating f from
1
z x 2 2 f log x .
y
Solution:
1
Let z x 2 2 f log x - (1)
y
px qy 2 2 x 2
Problem 5 Obtain the partial differential equation by eliminating the arbitrary constants
a & b from z xy y x a b .
2 2
Solution:
z xy y x 2 a 2 b - (1)
Differentiating (1) partially w.r. t x and y
z 1
p y y 2x
x 2 x a
2 2
yx
p y
x2 a2
p x
1
y x2 a2
2
p x
1 - (2)
y x a2
2
z
q x x2 a2
y
q x x2 a2 - (3)
Multiplying (2) & (3)
p x
1 q x x2 a2
y x a2
2
p
1 q x x
y
p y q x xy
pq xp yq xy xy
px qy pq
z z
Problem 6 Find the complete integral of p q pq where p and q .
x y
Solution:
p q pq - (1)
This is of the form f p, q 0
Let z ax by c - (2) be the complete solution of the partial differential
equation.
z
p a
x
z
q b
y
(1) reduces to a+b=ab
a b a 1
a
b
a 1
a
z ax yc
a 1
Solution:
z px qy p 2 q 2 - (1)
This equation is of the form z px qy f p, q (clairaut’s type)
the complete integral is z ax by a 2 b 2 .
3
Problem 8 Solve p 1 q qz .
Solution:
p 1 q qz - (1)
This equation is of the form f z , p, q 0
z f x ay be the solution
x ay u z f u
dz adz
p q
du du
(1) reduces to
dz dz dz
1 a a z
du du du
dz
1 a az
du
dz
a az 1
du
dz 1
z
du a
dz
du
1
z
a
1
Integrating log z u b
a
1
i.e., log z x ay b is the complete solution.
a
4
cot xdx cot ydy
log sin x log sin y log a
sin x
log log a
sin y
sin x
a
sin y
sin x
i.e., a
sin y
Take,
dy dz
tan y tan z
dy dz
tan y tan z
cot ydy cot zdz
log sin y log sin z log b
sin y
log log b
sin z
sin y
b
sin z
sin x sin y
Hence the general solution is , 0
sin y sin z
Problem 10 Solve D 3DD 2 D Z 0 .
3 2 3
Solution:
Substituting D = m, & D1 = 1
The Auxiliary equation is m3 - 3m + 2 = 0
m = 1, 1, -2
Complimentary function is 1 y x x2 y x 3 y 2 x
i.e., Z 1 y 1 x2 y x 3 y 2 x
2 z 2 z 2 z
Problem 11 Find the general solution of 4 2 12 9 2 0.
x xy y
Solution:
4D 2 12 DD1 9D12 Z 0
The auxiliary equation is 4m 2 12m 9 0
4m2 – 6m – 6m +9 = 0
2m (2m – 3) – 3 (2m – 3) = 0
5
(2m – 3)2 = 0
3
m= (twice)
2
3 3
C.F. = 1 y x x2 y x
2 2
the General solution is Z = C.F. + P.I
3 3
z 1 y x x2 y x
2 2
Problem 12 Solve D DD D D D
3 2 2 3
z 0.
Solution:
The Auxiliary equation is
m3 m 2 m 1 0
m2 m 1 m 1 0
m 2
1 m 1 0
i.e. m 1, i, i
The general solution is Z 1 y x 2 y ix 3 y ix
cos 2 y
ex
D 1 D 1 D D 1 D2 D3
3 2
e 2iy
e x R.P. of
D 1 D 1 D D 1 D2 D3
3 2
e2iy
e x R.P. of
1 2i 4 8i
e x
1 2i
R.P. of cos 2 y i sin 2 y
5 1 2i 1 2i
1 1
e x . cos 2 y 2sin 2 y
5 5
ex
P.I. cos 2 y 2sin 2 y
25
Problem 14 Solve D DD D 1 z 0 .
2
Solution:
6
D 2
DD D 1 0
D 1 D D ' 1 0
This is of the form
D m D 1
1
1 D m2 D1 2 0
m1 0,1 1, m2 1, 2 1
C.F. is Z e1 x f1 y m1 x e 2 x f 2 y m2 x
Z e x f1 y e x f 2 y x
Problem 15 Solve D D 1 D D 2 z e
2 x y
.
Solution:
This is of the form
D m1D C1 D m2 D C2 .... D mn D Cn Z 0
Hence m1 1 c1 1 m2 1 c2 1 c2 2
Hence the C.F. is z e x1 y x e 2 x2 y x
e2 x y
P.I.
D D 1 D D 2
e2 x y
2 1 1 2 1 2
1
e2 x y
2
1
Hence, the complete solution is Z e x1 y x e 2 x2 y x e 2 x y
2
PART – B
Problem 16
a. From the partial differential equation by eliminating f and
from z f y x y z .
Solution:
z f y x y z - (1)
Differentiating partially with respect to x and y, we get
P x y z 1 p - (2)
q f ' y ' x y z 1 q - (3)
r ' x y z .r " x y z 1 p
2
- (4)
s ' x y z .s " x y z 1 p 1 q - (5)
t f " y ' x y z t '' x y z 1 q
2
- (6)
7
From (4) r 1 ' x y z 1 p " x y z
2
- (7)
From (5) s 1 ' x y z 1 p 1 q " x y z - (8)
Dividing (7) & (8) we get
r 1 p
s 1 q
1 q r 1 p s
b. Solve D 2 DD z e
2
2x
x3 y .
Solution:
Auxiliary Equation is given by m 2 2m 0
i.e., m (m – 2) =0
m = 0, m = 2
C.F. = f1 y f 2 y 2 x
1
PI1 e2 x
D 2 DD
2
e2 x
(Replace D by 2 and D by 0)
4
1
PI 2 2 x3 y
D 2DD
1
1 2 D 3
1 x y
D2 D
1 2 D
2 1 ...... x3 y
D D
1 3 2 x3
x y
D2 D
x5 x6
y 2.
20 4.5.6
5 6
x x
y
20 60
The complete solution is
Z C.F . PI1 PI 2
e2 x x5 y x 6
Z f1 y f 2 y 2 x
4 20 20
Problem 17
a. Find the complete integral of p q x y .
Solution:
8
The given equation does not contain z explicitly and is variable separable.
That is the equation can be rewritten as p – x = y – q =a, say - (!)
p a x and q y a
Now dz = pdx + qdy
dz a x dx y a dy (2)
Integrating both sides with respect to he concerned variables, we get
a x y a
2 2
z b - (3)
2 2
when a and b are arbitrary constants.
b. Solve y p xyq x z 2 y .
2
Solution:
This is a Lagrange’s linear equation of the form Pp Qq R
The subsidiary equations are
dx dy dz
P Q R
dx dy dz
y 2
xy x z 2 y
Taking I & II ratios
dx dy
y 2 xy
xdx ydy
Integrating,
x2 y2
C
2 2
x 2 y 2 2c c1
dy dz
Taking II & III ratios
xy x z 2 y
Z 2 y dy ydz
ydz zdy 2 ydy
d yz 2 ydy
Integrating,
yz y 2 c2
yz y 2 c2
the solution is x 2 y 2 , yz y 2 0
Problem 18
a. Find the singular integral of the partial differential equation
z px qy p q . 2 2
9
Solution:
The given equation z px qy p 2 q 2 is a clairaut’s type equation.
Hence the complete solution is z ax by a 2 b 2 -(1)
To get singular Solution :
Differentiate (1) w.r.t. a and b
0 = x + 2a - (2)
0 = y – 2b - (3)
x y
a and b
2 2
Substituting in (1),
x2 y 2 x2 y 2
z
2 2 4
2 x 2 y x 2 y 2
2 2
z
4
4 z y x is the singular solution.
2 2
b. Solve D 4 DD 5 D
2 2
z 3e 2 x y
sin x 2 y .
Solution:
The Auxiliary equation,
m 2 4m 5 0
m 2 5m m 5 0
m m 5 m 5 0
m 1 m 5 0
m 1, 5
C.F. = f y x g y 5 x
1
PI1 3e 2 x y
D 4 DD 5 D2
2
3e 2 x y
4 85
3 2 x y
e
9
1
e2 x y
3
10
1
PI 2 sin x 2 y
D 4 DD 5 D2
2
1
sin x 2 y
1 4 2 5 4
1
sin x 2 y
1 8 20
1
sin x 2 y
27
the complete solution is Z CF PI1 PI 2
1 1
i.e. Z f y x g y 5 x e 2 x y sin x 2 y
3 27
2e 2 y .
2
b. Solve D 2 DD D 3D 3D 2 z e
2 2 3x
Solution:
11
D 2
2 DD D2 3D 3D 2 z D D ' 2 D D ' 1 z
D D ' 2 D D ' 1 z e 6 x 4e3 x 2 y 4e 4 y
m1 1,1 2, m2 1, 2 1
C.F. e2 x f y x e x f y x
1
PI1 e6 x
D D 2 D D 1
1
e6 x
6 0 2 6 0 1
1 6x
e
20
1
PI 2 4e3 x 2 y
D D 2 D D 1
4
e3 x 2 y
3 2 2 3 2 1
4 3 x2 y
e
3 4
1
e3 x 2 y
3
1
PI 3 4e 4 y
D D 2 D D 1
4 e 4 y
0 4 2 0 4 1
4
e 4 y
2 3
2 4 y
e
3
the general solution
1 6 x 1 3 x 2 y 2 4 y
Z e2 x f y x ex f y x e e e
20 3 3
Problem 20
a. Form the differential equation by eliminating the arbitrary function f and
g in z f x y g x y
Solution:
z f x y g x y
12
Let u x y v x y
Z f u .g v - (1)
Differentiating partially with respect to x and y, we get
p f u .g ' v f ' u .g v - (2)
q f u g ' v 1 f ' u g v - (3)
r f u g " v 2 f ' u g ' v f " u .g v - (4)
s f u g " v 1 f " u .g v - (5)
t f u g " v 2 f ' u g ' v f " u g v - (6)
Subtracting (4) from (6) , we get
r t 4 f u .g v - (7)
From (2) & (3), we get
p 2 q 2 4 f u . g v . f ' u .g ' v
= Z (r – t) from (1) & (7)
2
2 z 2 z z z
2
i.e., z 2 2
x y x y
0 x
ab a b b ab b 1
ab a b
2
b2
i.e., 0 x - (3)
ab a b
2
and similarly
a2
0 y - (4)
ab a b
2
a2 y a b
From (3) & (4), we get 2
or k , say
b x y x
a k y and b k x
Using there values in (3) we get
13
x0
2
k 2 x k 2 xy k y k x
k x k xy k y k x x
2 2
i.e., k xy x y 1
1 x y
k
xy
1 x y 1 x y
Hence a and b
x y
Also
ab 1 1
ab a b 1 1 1 y x
1
b a 1 x y 1 x y
1 x y
Using these values in (2), the singular solution of (1) is
z x 1 x y y 1 x y 1 x y
2
z 1 x y
Problem 21
a. Form the partial differential equation by eliminating
f from f x y z , z 2 xy 0 .
2 2 2 2
Solution:
f x 2 y 2 z 2 , z 2 2 xy 0
Let u x 2 y 2 z 2 and v z 2 2 xy then
the given equation is f u , v 0 - (1)
Differentiating (1) partially w.r.t. x and y respectively
f u f v f u f v
we get . 0 and . . 0
u x v x u y v y
f f
2 x 2 zp 2 zp 2 y 0 - (4)
u v
f f
2 y 2 zq + 2zq-2x 0 -(5)
u v
from (4) and (5)
x zp zp y
we get 0
y zq zq x
14
x zp zq x y zq zp y
zqx x 2 z 2 pq xzp zpy y 2 z 2 pq zqy
zp x y zq x y x 2 y 2
zp x y zq x y x y x y
zp zq x y
zp zq y x
z p q y x
du
2
dz
i.e., a az 1 a
2
du
dz
a az 1 a - (3)
du
solving (3), we get
dz
a du
az 1 a
2 az 1 a u b
2 az 1 a x ay b
4 az 1 a x ay b
2
15
which is the complete solution of (1)
Problem 22
a. Solve the equation p q z
2 2 2
x 2
y2 .
Solution:
The given equation dues not belong to any of the standard types.
It can be rewritten as z 1 p z 1q x 2 y 2
2 2
- (1)
As the Equation (1) contains z 1 p and z 1q we make the substitution Z = log z
z -1p=P and z -1q Q
Using there values in (1), it becomes
P2 Q2 x2 y 2 (2)
As Eq. (2) dues not contain Z explicitly, we rewrite it as
P 2 x 2 y 2 Q 2 a 2 , say (3)
From (3)
P 2 a 2 x 2 and Q 2 y 2 a 2
P a 2 x 2 and Q y 2 a 2
dz Pdx Qdy
dz a 2 x 2 dx y 2 a 2 dy
Integrating, we get
x 2 a2 x y a2 y
Z x a 2 sin h 1 y 2 a 2 cos h 1 b
2 2 a 2 2 a
the complete solution of (1) is
x 2 a2 1 x y a2 y
log z x a sin h
2
y a cos h 1 b
2 2
2 2 a a 2 a
where a and b are arbitrary constants.
Singular solution does not exist and the General solution is found out as usual.
b. Solve the equation D D
2 2
z sin 2 x sin 3 y 2sin x y .
2
Solution:
The auxiliary equation is m2 + 1 = 0
i.e., m i
C.F. = f y ix g y ix
16
1
PI1 sin 2 x sin 3 y
D D '2
2
. cos 2 x 3 y cos 2 x 3 y
1 1
2
D D' 2 2
1 1 1
cos 2 x 3 y cos 2 x 3 y
2 4 9 4 9
1 1
. cos 2 x 3 y cos 2 x 3 y
13 2
1
sin 2 x sin 3 y
13
1
PI 2 2 2sin 2 x y
D D '2
2
1
D D '2
1 cos 2 x 2 y
1 1
2
2 1 2 cos 2 x 2 y
D D' D D '2
1 1
2 e0 x cos 2 x 2 y
D D' 2
4 4
x2 1
cos 2 x 2 y
2 8
The complete solution is Z C.F . PI1 PI 2
1 x2 1
i.e., Z f y i x g y i x sin 2 x sin 3 y cos 2 x 2 y
13 2 8
Problem 23
a. Solve p q 1.
Solution:
This is of the form f p, q 0 .
The complete integral is given by z ax by c where
a b 1
b 1 a
2
b 1 a
2
The complete solution is z ax 1 a yc - (1)
Differentiating partially w.r.t. c we get 0 = 1 (absurd)
There is no singular integral
Taking c f a where f is arbitrary,
y f a
2
z ax 1 a - (2)
Differentiating partially w.r.t a, we get
17
1
0 x 2 1 a
2 a
y f ' a - (3)
Eliminating ‘a’ between (2) & (3) we get the general solution.
b. Solve x yz p y zx q z xy .
2
2
2
Solution:
This is a Lagrange’s linear equation of the form Pp Qq R
dx dy dz
The subsidiary equations are 2 2 2 - (1)
x yz y zx z xy
dx dy dy dz dx dz
2 2
x yz y zx y zx z xy x yz z 2 xy
2 2 2
d x y d y z d x z
i.e., 2 2
x 2
y 2
z x y y z x y z x z y 1 z
2 2
d x y d y z d x z
i.e., - (2)
x y x y z y z x y z x z x y z
d x y d y z d x z
i.e., - (3)
x y yz xz
Taking the first two ratios, and integrating log x y log y z log a
x y
a - (4)
yz
Similarly taking the last two ratios of (3) we get,
yz
b - (5)
xz
x y yz x y xz
But and are not independent solutions for 1 gives
yz xz yz yz
which is the reciprocal of the second solution.
Therefore solution given by (4) and (5) are not independent. Hence we have to
search for another independent solution.
xdx ydy zdz
Using multipliers x, y, z in equation (1) each ratio is 3
x y 3 z 3 3 xyz
dx dy dz
Using multipliers 1, 1, 1 each ratio is 2
x y z 2 xy yz zx
2
d x2 y 2 z 2
1
2 d x y z
x y z x 2 y 2 z 2 xy yz zx x y z 2 xy yz zx
2 2
18
d x2 y2 z 2 x y z d x y z
1
Hence
2
x y z k
2
Integrating
2
1 2
x y2 z2
2
x y z x y z 2k
2 2 2 2
x 2 y 2 z 2 x 2 y 2 z 2 2 xy 2 yz 2 zx 2k
i.e., xy yz zx b
x y
the general solution is xy yz zx, 0
yz
Problem 24
a. Solve yp 2 xy log q .
Solution:
yp 2 xy log q
yp 2 xy log q
p 2 x y log q
log q
p 2x a ( say )
y
1
p 2 x a and log q a - (1)
y
p 2 x a, log q ay
q eay
Now dz pdx qdy
dz 2 x a dx e ay dy - (2)
Integrating (2), we get
1
z x 2 ax e ay b - (3)
a
Where a and b are arbitrary constant.
Equation (3) is the complete solution of the given equation.
Differentiating (3) partially w.r.t b we get 0 = 1 (absurd)
There is no singular integral.
Put b a in (3)
e ay
z x 2 ax a - (4)
a
Differentiating partially w.r.t a we get
19
1
0 0 x
a
1 ay
e y e ay 2 ' a
a
y 1
0 x eay 2 eay ' a -(5)
a a
Eliminating ‘a’ between (4) & (5) we obtain the general solution.
b. Solve 2 x p yzq 3 z 0 .
4 2 2
Solution:
2
x 2 p yq
Rewriting this equation, we get 2 3 0
z z
This is an equation of the form f x m z k p, y n z k q 0 may be transformed into
the standard type f P, Q 0 by putting X x1 m , Y y1 n and
Z z k 1 , whereK 1
(or) X log x Y log y Z log z if m 1, n 1 and k 1
Here m 2 n 1
Hence X x 1 Y log y and Z log z
Z Z z x 1 px 2
P p x2
X z x X z z
Z Z z y 1 y
Q q. y q
Y z y Y Z Z
the equation becomes, 2 P 2 Q 3 0
This is of the form f P, Q 0
Hence the complete integral is Z aX bY c
Where
2a 2 b 3 0
b 2a 2 3
the complete solution is Z aX bY c
i.e., log z 2a 2 3 log y c - (1)
a
x
Differentiating equation (1) partially w.r.t to c
We get 0 = 1 (absurd)
Singular integral does not exist.
Taking C = f (a) where f is arbitrary
log z 2a 2 3 log y f a - (2)
a
x
Differentiating partially w.r.t a we get
1
0 4a log y f ' a - (3)
x
Eliminating ‘a’ between (2) & (3) we get the general solution.
20
Problem 25
a. Find the complete solution of x pz y qz 1 .
2 2
Solution:
x pz y qz 1
2 2
- (1)
This equation is of the form f z p, z k q 0
k
If k 1 and Z z k 1
Hence put Z = z2
Z Z z
P . 2 zp
x z x
p
Pz
2
Z Z z
Q . 2 zq
y z y
Q
qz
2
Substituting there results in (1)
2 2
P Q
x y 1
2 2
This is a separable equation
2 2
P Q
x 1 y a
2
2 2
dZ Pdx Qdy
dZ 2 a x dx 2 1 a 2 y dy
Integrating,
y2
Z a x 2 1 a 2 y dy
2
2
Z 2 a x 2 1 a2 y y2 b
2
b. Solve z 2 yz y
2 2
p xy zx q xy zx .
Solution:
This is a Lagrange’s linear equation of the form Pp Qq R
dx dy dz
The subsidiary equations are 2
z 2 yz y 2
xy zx xy zx
xdx ydy zdz
Taking x, y, z as multipliers, we have each fraction
0
xdx ydy zdz 0
21
x2 y2 z 2
Integrating c
2 2 2
i.e., x y z C1
2 2 2
- (1)
dy dz
Again, taking the last two members, we have
x y z x y z
dy dz
i.e.,
yz yz
y z dy y z dz
ydy zdy ydz zdz
ydy zdy ydz zdz 0
ydy d yz zdz 0 z
Integrating we get y 2 2 yz z 2 C2 - (2)
From (1) & (2) the general solution is
x 2 y 2 z 2 , y 2 2 yz z 2 0
Problem 26
a. Solve the equation 9 pqz 4 1 z
4
3
.
Solution:
9 pqz 4 4 1 z 3 - (1)
The given equation is of the form f z , p, q 0
Let z f x ay be the solution of (1)
If x ay u then z f u
dz dz
P and q a
du du
Substituting the values of p & q in (1), we get
2
dz
9a z 4 4 1 z 3
du
dz
3 az 2 2 1 z3
du
a 3z 2 dz
du
2 1 z3
Integrating we get
a 3z 2
2 1 z 3 dz du
Put 1 + z3 = t2
3z 2 dz 2tdt
22
a 2tdt
2 t
du
a dt du
a t u b
i.e, a 1 z 3 x ay b
a 1 z 3 x ay b
2
- (2)
The singular solution is found as usual
Put b a
a 1 z 3 x ay a
2
- (3)
Differential w.r.t. a
1 z 3 2 x ay a y a - (4)
The elimination of ‘a’ between (3) & (4) gives the General solution.
b. Solve D 3DD 2 D
2 2
z 2 4xe x2 y
.
Solution:
The Auxiliary equation is
m2 3m 2 0
m 1 m 2 0
m 1, 2
C.F. 1 y x 2 y 2 x
e x2 y 2 4 x
P.I . 2
D 3DD ' 2 D '2
ex2 y 2 4 x
D 2 D ' D D '
Re placeD D 1, D ' D ' 2
ie., D D a, D ' D ' b
ex2 y
2 4x
D 1 2 D ' 2 D 1 D ' 2
ex2 y
2 4x
D 2 D ' 3 D D ' 1
ex2 y
2 4x
D 2D '
3 1 1 D D '
3
23
1
1 D 2D ' 1
e x 2 y 1
1 D D '
2 4x
3 3
1 D 2D '
e x 2 y 1 ... 1 D D ' ... 2 4 x
3 3
1 4 D 5D ' ...
e x 2 y 1
3 3 2 4 x
1 1
e x 2 y 2 4 x 16
3 3
1 22 2
e x 2 y 4 x e x 2 y 11 6 x
3 3 9
Problem 27
a. Solve p x y zq 2 z .
2 4 2 2
Solution:
This can be written as Px 2 qy 2 z 2 z 2
2
- (1)
Which is of the form f x m p, y n q, z 0
Where m = 2, n= 2
1 1
put X x1 m ; y y1n
x y
Z Z x
P . p x 2 px 2
X x X
Z Z y
Q . q y 2 qy 2
Y y X
Substituting in (1) the given equation reduces to P 2 Qz 2 z 2
This is of the form f p, q, z 0
Let Z f X aY where u = X + aY
dz adz
P ,Q
du du
Equation becomes,
2
dz dz
az 2 z 0
2
du
du
dz
Solving for ,we get
du
24
dz az a 2 z 2 8 z 2
du 2
dz a a 2 8
du
z 2
a a2 8
log z u b
2
a a2 8
log z X ay b
2
a a2 8 1 a
log z b
2 x y
is the complete solution.
The singular and general integrals are found out as usual.
x y z k x y
2
i.e., x y z x y k
2
- (2)
Taking the last two ratios of equation (1),
d x y d y z
x y yz
Integrating, log x y log y z log b
x y
b - (3)
yz
25
2 x y
Hence the general solution is f x y z x y , 0
yz
Problem 28
a. Find the equation of the cone satisfying px qy z and passing through the
circle x y z 4, x y z 2 .
2 2 2
Solution:
dx dy dz
The auxiliary equations are
x y z
Taking the first two ratios,
log x = log y + log a
x
a - (1)
y
Taking the second and third ratios,
log y = log z + log b
y
b - (2)
z
x y
the general solution is , 0 - (3)
y z
We have to find that function satisfying (3) and
also x2+ y2 + z2 = 4 - (4)
and x + y + z = 2 - (5)
Hence, we will eliminate x, y, z from (1),(2),(4),(5)
From (2) y = bz
From (1) x = ay
x =abz
using the value of x & y in (4) & (5)
a 2b 2 z 2 b 2 z 2 z 2 4
z 2 a 2b 2 b 2 1 4 - (6)
Also abz + bz + z = 2
1 b ab z 2 - (7)
Eliminating z between (6) & (7)
Squaring (7)
1 b ab z2 4
2
- (8)
From (6) & (8),
1 b 2 a 2b 2 1 b ab 1 b 2 a 2b 2 2b 2ab 2ab 2
2
Simplifying b + ab2 + ab = 0
1 ab a 0
26
x y
Using a , b in (9)
y z
xy x
1 0
yz y
x x
1 0
z y
i.e., yz xy xz 0 is the required surface.
1 y cos x
D 2 D ' D 3D '
1 a 3 x cos xdx where a 3 x y
D 2 D '
1 a 3 x sin x 3 sin xdx where a 3 x y
D 2 D '
1
y sin x 3cos x
D 2 D '
a 2 x sin x 3cos x dx where a 2 x y
a 2 x cos x 2 sin x 3sin x where a 2 x y
P.I . y cos x sin x
Z 1 y 2 x 2 y 3 x sin x y cos x
Problem 29
a. Solve the equation pz sin x qz cos y 1 .
2 2 2 2
Solution:
The given equation contains (z2p) and (z2q).
Therefore we make the substitution Z = z3
Z
P 3 z 2 p and Q=3z 2 q
x
Using there values in the given equation, it becomes
P 2 Q
sin x cos 2 y 1
3 3
27
Equation 1 does not contain Z explicitly.
P Q
Rewriting (1), we have sin 2 x 1 cos 2 y a , say - (2)
3 3
From (2), P 3a cos ec x and Q 3 1 a sec 2 y
2
b. Solve the equation D 2 DD D
2 2
z x y e 2 2 x y
.
Solution:
The Auxiliary equation is m2 - 2m + 1 = 0
(m – 1)2 = 0
m = 1 twice
C.F . 1 y x x2 y x
e x y x 2 y 2
1
P.I .
D 2DD D
2 2
e x y x2 y 2
1
D D
2
1
ex y x2 y2
D 1 D 1
2
1
ex y x2 y2
D D
2
2
1 D
e x y
1
D2 D
x y
2 2
1 2 D 3D '2 2 2
ex y 1 2 x y
D2 D D
28
2 2 2 2
x y D 2 x y D 2 2 x
1 3
e x y 2
D2
e x y y 2 2 x 2 4 y 3 x 2 6 4 x 2
1 1 1
D D D
1 1 1
P.I . x 4 y 2 x5 y x 6 e x y
12 15 60
Z C.F P.I
1 1 1
1 y x x2 y x x 4 y 2 x 5 y x 6 e x y
12 15 60
Problem 30
a. Solve the equation mz ny p nx lz q ly mx . Hence write down the
solution of the equation 2 z y p x z q 2 x y 0 .
Solution:
The equation mz ny p nx lz q ly mx is a Lagrange’s linear equation of the
form Pp Qq R .
dx dy dz
The Subsidiary equations are - (1)
mz ny nx lz ly mx
ldx mdy ndz
Using l, m, n as a set of multipliers, the ratio in (1)
0
i.e., ldx mdy ndz 0
Integrating we get lx my nz a
xdx ydy zdz
Choosing x, y, z as another set of multipliers, the ratio in (1)
0
Integrating we get x y z b
2 2 2
b. Solve D D 3D 3D z xy 7 .
2 2
Solution: D D 2 3D 3D z xy 7
2
D D D D 3 z xy 7
Here m1 1 c1 0 m2 1 c2 3
C.F y x e3x y x
29
xy 7
P.I
D D D D 3
1 xy 7
D D D D
1 3 1
D 3
1 1
1 D D D
1 1 xy 7
3D D 3
1 D D 2
1 2 ...
3D D D
D D 1
1 3 9 D D ... xy 7
2
D D D 2 2 DD DD 1
1 ... xy 7
3 3 9 9 3D
1 1 1 2 D D D D 4 DD
xy 7
3 D 3 3D 2 3 D 2 27
1 x 2 xy 67 x 2 x x3 y
y 7 x
3 2 3 27 3 3 6 9
1 x 2 y xy x 2 x y x3 67
7x
3 2 3 3 3 9 6 27
Hence the general solution is
1 x 2 y xy x 2 x y x 3 67
z y x e3 x f y x 7x .
3 2 3 3 3 9 6 27
30