Members: Jey Anne M.

Dinopol
Riegelle Mae T. Pasaje
Judy Ann S. Altubar
Alyn E. Pramio
Kate J. Simbajon
Grade 11- HUMSS 2
1.)SPEAKER
Source of information or message.
2.)MESSAGE
The information, ideas, thoughts conveyed by the speaker in words or in
actions.
3.)ENCODING
The process of converting message into words, actions, or other forms
that the speaker understands.
4.)CHANNEL
The medium or the means such as; personal or non-personal , verbal or
non-verbal in which the encoded message is conveyed.
5.)DECODING
The process of interpreting the encoded message of the speaker by the
receiver.
6.)RECEIVER
The recepient of the message or someone who decodes the message.
7.)FEEDBACK
The reactions responses or information provided by the receiver.
8.)CONTEXT
Which the environment where communication takes place.
9.)BARRIERS
The factors that affects the flow of communication.
 VERBAL NON-VERBAL
-SPOKEN WORDS- -WORDLESS CUES-

1.) Speech

2.) Spoken Poetry Present *Body Language Movement

*Facial Expressions
3.) Oral Recitation *Tone/Pitch/Volume
*Gestures
4.) Face to face
1.) Sign Language
5.) Interview / Meeting
2.) Raised eyebrow
6.) Phone Conversation 3.) Nod
4.) Rolling Eyes
5.) Waving
6.) Smiling
7.) Hugging
8.) Shaking of hands
9.) Jumps

M, I, C, E, S
1. MOTIVATION
2. INFORMATION DISSEMINATION
3. CONTROL
4. EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION
5. SOCIAL INTERACTION
 WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?
 WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?

Communication expressed through written or spoken.

Process of sharing
and
conveying

CONTEXTS
- Faceto face; phone conversation ; meeting; interview; a letter
correspondence a class recitation.

Communication can ways of expressions

*Written * Spoken *Actions

FEAUTURES OF AN EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

1.) COMPLETENESS
Complete communication is essential to the communication process in general.
Hence communication should include everything that the receiver, needs to hear for
him/ her to respond, react, or evaluate properly.
2.) CONCISENESS
Conciseness does not mean keeping the message short but making it direct or
straight to the point. Insignificant or redundant information should be eliminated
from the communication that will be sent to the recipient.
3.) CONSIDERATION
To be effective, the speaker should always consider relevant information about
his/her receiver such as mood, background, race, preference, education, status and
needs, among others.
 LESSON 2: INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

Happened when individuals interact, negotiate, create meanings while bringing in

their varied cultural background.

Inter-between/ among/ across

Culture-beliefs, knowledge, language, religion, ethics, trans norms.

(Scholars)
-Pertains to communication among people from different nationalities.

-Communication that is influenced by different ethnics, religions, and sexual

orientations.

-Bargained understanding of human experiences across diverse societies.

-Sending and receiving messages across languages and cultures.

DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL OF CULTURAL SENSITIVITY

1. Denial 4.Acceptance
2. Defense 5.Adaptation
3. Minimization 6.Integration
4.) CONCRETENESS
Effective communication happens when the messages is concrete and supported by
facts figures, and real- life examples and situations. In this race the receiver is more
connected to the message conveyed.
-Sending and receiving messages across languages and cultures.
5.) COURTESY
The speaker shows courtesy in communication by respecting the culture, values and
beliefs of his/ her receivers. Being courteous at all times creates a positive impact on
the audience.
6.) CLEARNESS
Clearness in communication implies the use of simple and specific words to express
BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION

1.EMOTIONAL BARRIER
2.USE OF JARGON
3. LACK OF CONFIDENCE
4. NOISY ENVIRONMENT
 CHARAC TERISTICS OF COMPOTENT COMMUNICATOR

1. Flexibility
2. Mindfulness
3. Sensitivity
4. Adaptability
5. Thinking creatively
6. Politeness

7. Open minded

SOME TIPS
1. Avoid stereotypes
2. Mindful of gender equality
3. Do not underestimate
4. Be sensitive
5. Be polite
 1. Intrapersonal - This refers to communication that centers on one person where the speakers

acts both as the sender and the receiver off the message.
Example: You spent the night thinking and analyzing, why a student from the other class talked
to you on the way home and you decided it probably meant nothing.

2. Interpersonal- This refers to communication between and among people and establishes

personal relationship between and among them. Solomon and Theus (2013) state that
interpersonal communication connects people when you engaged in interpersonal
communications. You and other person become linked together. The personal part means that
your unique qualities as a person matter during interpersonal communication.

Dyad Communication- Communication that occurs between two people.

Example: You offered feedback on the speech performance of your classmates.

Small group- This refers to communication that involves at least three but not more than twelve

people engaging in a face-to-face interaction to achieved a desired goal in the type of communication. All
participants can free share ideas in a close and open discussion.
 GUIDELINES TO REPAIR OR TERMINATE

1. Recognize the violations- “I appreciate your comment. I will respond to that

after I have discussed a few more slides.”

2. SHIEFT BACK TO THE MAIN TOPIC-“ Anyway” “as I what saying” “going back”
3. Ask leading questions- Yes or No

4. After disregarding unnecessary topics, speakers, may choose to end or

terminate the conversation by taking o reschedule a conversation.
 UNIT 2; LESSON 2
Speech act –. utterance that the speaker makes to achieve an intended effect

FUNCTION OF SPEECH ACT

1.OFFERING AN APOLOGY

2.GREETING

3.REQUEST

4.COMPLAINT

5.INVITATION

6.COMPLIMENT

7.REFUSED

A speech act might contain just one words or sentences

Exampale:

1. “Thanks”
2. “thank you for always being there for me. I really appreciate it”

THREE TYPES OF SPEECH ACT

(J.L. AUSTIN, 1962)

1.LOCUTIONARY- actual act of offering

Example; “please do the dishes”

2.ILLOVUTIONARY-social function act of what is said intended meaning

 INDIRECT SPEECH ACT
-Occurs when there is no direct connection between the form of the
utterance and the intended meaning they are different force(i.e intention)
from the inferred speech act

Example: “Can you pass the Rice?”

ANALYSIS:

1.INFERRED SPEECH ACT- Do you have the ability to hand over the rice?
2.INDIRECT SPEECH ACT- “ Please pass the rice”

PERFORMATIVES (PERFORMATIVE UTTERANCES)

-Statements which enable the speaker `

-Statements which enable the speaker to perform something just by stating it.

Example: “I pronounce you husband and wife” uttered by an authorized person

such as judge/priest/pastor will have actual affect of binding a couple in marriage.

SEARLE’S CLASSIFICATION OF SPEECH ACT

As a response to Austin theory on speech act (1962)

John Searle (Professor from university of California,Berkely) classified speech act

into.

5 DISTINCT CATEGORIES
1. ASSERTIVE- the speaker expresses belief about the truth of a prosposition

EXAMPLE:
1. SUGGESTING
2. PUTTING FORWARD
 3. SWEARING
4. BOASTING
5. CONDUCTING

Statement: “No one makes better pancakes than I do”.

2.DIRECTIVE -the speaker tries to make the address perform an action.

EXAMPLE:
1. Promising
2. Planning
3. Vowing
4. Betting

Statement: “ from now on I will participate in our group activity”

3.EXPRWSSIVE- the speaker expresses his/her feelings or emotional reactions.

EXAMPLE:

1.thanking

2. apologizing

3. welcoming

4. deploring

STATEMENT: “ I am sorry for not helping out in our group project s and letting you
do all.

5.DECLARATION- bring a change in the external situation it simply bring in the

existence or cause the state of affairs which they refer to.

EXAMPLES:
1.blessing

2.firing

3. baptizing
4. bidding

5.pausing a sentence

6.excommunicating

STATEMENT: “ you are fired”

PERFOEMANCE BELONG TO DECLARATION

TYPES OF COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGY

1.NOMINATION

- a speaker carries out nomination to collaboratively and productively

establish a topic.

When beginning a topic in a conversation, especially if it does not arise from a

previous topic, you may start off with news inquiries and news announcements as
they promise extended talk.

2.RESTRICTION

Restriction in communication refers to any limitation you may have as a

speaker.

For example, In your class, you might be asked by your teacher to brainstorm on
peer pressure or deliver a speech on digital natives.

NOMINATION & RESTRICTION VARRIES ON THE SOCIAL STATUS OF THE PERSON

3.TURN –TALKING

- turn-talking pertains to the process by which people decide who takes the conversational
floor.

-communication should appropriate timing in conversations- when to speak and when to listen .

The opportunity gives to a speaker to talk.

-a process which a participant stops talking and yields the floor to another participant so she/he couls
begin to speak.
 3 TURN-TALKING ACTS

1.KEEP-TURN- must not stop until she/he fulfills his/her purpose in

communication.

2.RELEASE-TURN-

3.TAKE –TURN- another participant can take the role of the speaker.

SIGNAL / CUES
Rising
1.Intonation
falling
2.Verbal cues

3. Non verbal cues/gesture

4.TOPIC CONTROL
- topic control covers how procedural formality affects the development of
topic in conversations.

For example, in meetings, you may only have a turn to speak after the
chairperson directs you do so.

TWO TYPES OF TOPIC

SENTENCE TOPIC- something called sentimental topic.

- Specific.

DISCORSE TOPIC- topic of conversation as a whole.

-general in nature.

5. TOPIC SHIFTING

-topic shifting , as the name suggest ,involves moving from one topic to another
- it is where are part of a conversation ends and where another begins.

When shifting from one topic to another , you may have to be vewyintuitive.

TWO WAYS TO SHIFT ( a topic)

1.Speaking typically- occurs when the listener focus/concentrate on some phrase

From the last statement mentioned.

2.Speaking on the topic-when the listener concentrate on a word but the newly
introduced idea may not be related to the context of the topic.

6.REPAIR
- repair refers to have speakers address the problems in speaking, listening,
and comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation.

For example, if everybody in the conversation in any social interaction

[Shegioff 1977)

7.TERMINATION

-termination refers to the conversation participant’s close-initiating

expressions that end a topic in a conversation.

EXSPRESSIONS FOR DISCUSSION AND DEBATE

1.GIVING CLARIFICATION/REITERATION THROUGH REFERENCE TO

SUBJECT

A.) “I’M TALKING ABOUT..

B.) “I’M SAYING THAT…

C.) “ WHAT I’M DAYING IS THAT…

D.) “THE WHOLE POINT OF THIS DISCUSSION ABOUT…

E.) “ THAT’S WHAT THIS DISCUSSION ABOUT…

F.) “I’M TALKING ABOUT…

INTERRUPTING
POLITE INTERTUPTION

a.) Sorry , but…

b.) May I say something?
c.) May I ass something?
d.) May I ask a question?
e.) I’d like to say something about that…

Holding the floor- HOGGING

a.) Hold on…
b.) Hold on a second …
c.) Yes, I was about to mention that…
d.) Yes, I was about to come to that…
e.) Sorry, I haven’t finished yet …
f.) … I haven’t made my point yet
g.) … I’m about to make my point
h.) …I’m almost done
i.) … if you could just give me a second
j.) …if you let me finish. I’ll tell you!
k.) Please let me finish
l.) Could you wait until I’m done?
 m. I’m talking here !

n.) Would you let me finish?

o.) Would you hold on a second?

OVERLAPPING- when two people /parties start speaking at the same

a.) Please
b.) Go ahead
c.) You first
d.) Please, I can wait
e.) It wasn’t important
f.) Never mind…

Specific case
a.) In that case
b.) In that respect
c.) If you are talking about…
d.) As far as that goes…
e.) On that point…

LOGICAL ARGUMENT

QUESTION OR CONCLUSIONS BASED ON CONDITIONS WITH “IF”

a.) If…, why don’t they just …?

b.) What if…?
c.) And what happens if…?
d.) If that is so…(then)…
e.) That would be true if…
f.) You would be right if…
 g.) That would make sense if…
h.) I’d be OK. If…

QUESTIONS BASED ON CONDITION WITH SENTENCE ADVERBIALS

“THEM”

a.) But if you… Then how do you get about it …?

b.) Then you can tell me what’s wrong with…?
3. Consultative- Standard form/ style. Professionals/ mutually acceptable language is a must. (e.g
teacher, students judge and lawyer , doctor and patient, president and his constitution.)

4. Formal- Formal setting and one way style. (e.g sermons by the priest or ministers, SONA, formal

speech, pronouncement by judge)

5. Frozen- frozen in time and remains unchanged. (e.g preamble to the constitution, lords pray,
egiance to the flag ceremony.

REPAIR AND TERMINATION

COMMON VIOLATIONS IN ANY COMMUNICATION

1. Grabbing the floor or interruptions

2. Overlapping

3. Hogging the floor

4. Dead air or being silent
Example: You are participating in an organizational meeting which aims to address the concerns of your

fellow students.

1. Public- This type refers to communication that requires you to deliver or send the message

before or in front of the group.

Example: You deliver a graduation speech to your batch.

2. Mass Communication- This refers to communication that takes place through

television, radio, newspaper, magazines, books, billboard, internet, and other types of media.

Example: You are a student journalist articulating your stand on current issues through the
schools newspaper.

Dictates what appropriate language or vocabulary you should use or observe.

1.Intimate- Private style occurs between or among close family member or individuals.

Language used may not be shared in the public.

2. Casual- For common peers and friends. Jargons slang or vernacular language is used.