DRUG CLASSIFICATION MOA INDICATION THERAPEUTIC ADVERSE EFFECT

DOSAGE
Acts on hypothalamus to produce
antipyresis Dizziness
Paracetamol Analgesic Rash
Pain 10-20 mkd
Antipyretic May work peripherally to block pain Hepatotoxicity
Fever
impulse generation; may also inhibit Liver Failure
prostaglandin synthesis in CNS

Binds to H+/K+ exchanging ATPase Headache

in gastric parietal cells, resulting in GERD Abdominal pain
Proton Pump Inhibitor 1 mkd
Omeprazole suppression of basal and stimulated Esophagitis Diarrhea
acid secretion Nausea/Vomiting

Binds to penicillin-binding proteins Diarrhea

Acute Otitis Media
Cefuroxime 2nd generation and inhibits final transpeptidation 20-40 mkD q12 PO Decreased hemoglobin or
Pharyngitis
cephalosphorins step of peptidoglycan synthesis, 75-150 mkD q8 IV, IM hematocrit
Tonsillitis
resulting in cell wall death Eosinophilia

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by Acute Bacterial Otitis

50-100 mkD q12-24 IV Eosinophilia
3rd generation binding to 1 or more penicillin- Media
Typhoid: 75-80mkD x 7 Thrombocytosis
Ceftriaxone cephalosphorins binding proteins; interferes with Meningitis
days Diarrhea
synthesis of peptidoglycan Gonococcal Infection

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by Transient increase in

Ceftazidime 3rd generation binding to 1 or more penicillin- Pulmonary Infections transaminases
90-150 mkD q8 IV
cephalosphorins binding proteins; interferes with Meningitis Eosinophilia
synthesis of peptidoglycan Diarrhea

Interferes with bacterial cell wall Endocarditis Rash

50-100 mkD q6 PO
synthesis during active replication Genitourinary Tract Fever
Ampicillin Penicillin Meningitic dose: 200-
causing bactericidal activity against Infections Nausea
400mkD q4-q6 IV
susceptible organisms Septicemia Vomiting

Renal/ Cardiac:
Interferes with synthesis of cell wall
Meningitis 100,000 U Hypeprsensitivity
Pen G Penicillin mucopeptide during active
Endocarditis Pulmo: 200,000 U Seizure
multiplication resulting in
Meningitis: 300,000 U
bactericidal activity against
susceptible microorganisms
 Histamine H1 receptor antagonist of
Allergic reaction 5 mkD q6 PO, IV Sedation
1st generation effector cells in respiratory tract,
Diphenhydramine Cough Anaphylaxis: 1-2 mkd Confusion
antihistamine blood vessels and GI Smooth
Motion Sickness IM, IV Anticholinergic effects
muscle
Tremor
Salbutamol Beta 2 agonists Beta 2 adrenergic bronchodilator Bronchospasm
Nervousness
Prevents increase in intracellular
calcium concentration that is
Bronchitis
caused by interaction of
Ipratropium Anticholinergics Asthma COPD
acetylcholine with muscarinic
Sinusitis
receptors on bronchial smooth
muscle
Respiratory infection
Anti Inflammatory corticosteroid;
Budesonide Corticosteroids Asthma Rhinitis
has potent glucocorticoid activity
Otitis Media
and weak mineralocorticoid activity
Controls or prevents inflammation
by controlling rate of protein
synthesis, suppressing migration of Inflammation Acne
Hydrocortisone Corticosteroids 4 mkd q8, q6, q4
polymorphonuclear leukocytes and Status Asthmaticus Adrenal suppression
fibroblasts and reversing capillary
permeability
Irreversibly binds to 30s subunit of
bacterial ribosomes; blocks to Aerobic gram Neurotoxixity
Amikacin Aminoglycosides 15-22 mkD q8 IM, IV
recognition step in protein negative infections Ototoxicity
synthesis; causes growth inhibition
Synergistic with beta lactamase
against enterococci; interferes with
Gram negative Neurotoxixity
Gentamicin Aminoglycosides bacterial protein synthesis by 5-8 mkD q8 IM, IV
infections Ototoxicity
binding to 30s and 50s subunit of
bacterial ribosomes
Promotes Na+ efflux or decreases LD: 20-40 mg/kg IV Drowsiness
Seizures
Phenytoin Anticonvulsants Na+ influx from membranes in MD: 5-8 mkD q12 Fatigue
Status Epilepticus
motor cortex neurons Max: 1g Nervousness
Depresses sensory and motor
cortex, cerebellum LD: 10-20 mg/kg IV Respiratory depression
Anticonvulsants, Seizures
Phenobarbital Antiseizure activity occurs primarily MD: 5-8 mlD q12 Dizziness
Barbiturates Status Epilepticus
where GABA mediates Max: 1 -2g Drowsiness
neurotransmission
Sedative 0.2-0.5 mkd IV Somnolence
Modulates post synaptic effects of
Anticonvulsants, Muscle relaxant Max: <5 y/o – 5mg Hypotension
Diazepam GABA-A transmission, resulting in
Benzodiazepines Status Epilepticus >5 y/o – 10mg Muscle weakness
an increase in presynaptic inhibition
 Amoebiasis: 30-50
Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis by Appetite loss
mkD q8 x 10 days
disrupting DNA and causing strand Amebiasis Diarrhea
Metronidazole Anti parasitic Anaerobic Infection:
breakage; amebicidal, bactericidal, Anaerobic Infections Nausea
LD: 15 mk IV
trichomonacidal Vomiting
MD: 7.5 mkd q6 PO, IV
Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and
chloride ions and proximal and Hypertension Hyperuricemia
Furosemide Loop Diuretics 1-2 mkd
distal renal tubules and loop of Edema Hypokalemia
Henle