Activity 3.

Inquiry Chart (Tracing How the Filipino Child Grows Up)

After reading Shimizu’s article, ask the students to answer the guide questions in the inquiry chart to check their understanding of
the text.
Inquiry Chart
TOPIC
Filipino Guide Question Guide Question Guide Question Guide Question Guide Question
Children in 1 2 3 4 5
Other
Family and Who are the What does What does Who has the How does a
Important New Questions
Society: members of a magkamag-anak magkapitbahay responsibility for Filipino child
Information
Growing Up in a nuclear family? mean? mean? child rearing? mature?
Many-People
Environment

What I know

According to the
article

Summary
 Process Questions
1. How do magkapitbahay help one another?
 If women are working, how can they easily find someone to take care of their
children?
 What is the family’s typical reaction towards a newborn child of a separated
or unwed member of the family?
 How does long dependency affect Filipino children’s development?
 What is the role of Filipino children in a family?
 How does the view of the child being an investment and security for old age”
affect the size of Filipino family?
 How does the Filipino community affect the development of Filipino children
as members of society?
Guide Question
 How is social indifference conditioned by state, political, and ideological
interests that underpin bureaucratic structures?

Activity 4. Chain Reaction

After reading the material written by Herzfeld, ask the students to answer the chain-
reaction chart to check their comprehension and understanding of the text.

Bureaucracy

State Politics Ideology

Social Indifference

Lesson 2 Conformity and Deviance

Firm Up
Conformity and deviance (Macionis 2012: 194)
Every society is a system of social control, or attempts by society to regulate people’s
thoughts and behavior. Social control encourages conformity to certain norms and
discourages deviance or norm breaking. Deviance range from minor infractions, such
as bad manners, to major infractions, such as serious violence.

Norms that become specified and institutionalized are called laws. Crime refers to the
violation of the law.

There is a lack of consensus in society regarding which behaviors or traits are deviant.
What is considered as deviance will vary across time, places, and social groups. How
a society defines deviance, who is branded as deviant, and what people decide to do
about deviance all have to do with the way society is organized.

The functions of deviance (Macionis 2012: 197).According to Emile Durkheim

(1858–1917), deviance performs the following functions:
 Affirms cultural norms and values. Deviance is needed to define and support
morality. There can be no good without evil and no justice without crime.
 Clarifies moral boundaries. By defining some individuals as deviant, people
draw a boundary between right and wrong.
 Brings people together. People typically react to serious deviance with shared
outrage, and in doing so reaffirm the moral ties that bind them.
 Encourages social change. Deviant people suggest alternatives to the status
quo and encouraging change.

Merton’s strain theory (Macionis 2012: 197–198). Robert Merton (1910–2003)

argued that the extent and type of deviance people engage in depend on whether a
society provides the means (such as schooling and job opportunities) to achieve
cultural goals (such as financial success). Conformity means achieving cultural goals
through approved means. However, the strain between the cultural goal and the lack of
opportunities to achieve these goals using approved means may result in deviance.
Merton identifies four types of deviance: innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and
rebellion. Innovation involves using unconventional means (for example, Steve Jobs,
the founder of the Apple computer company, and his colleagues who, without support
from big corporations, worked in a garage to invent personal computers) rather than
conventional means (working for an established computer company) to achieve a
culturally approved goal (wealth). In ritualism, people do not care much about the goal
(getting rich) but stick to the rules (the conventional means) anyway in order to feel
“respectable.” A third response to the strain between the cultural goal and the approved
means is retreatism, rejecting both cultural goals and conventional means so that a
person in effect “drops out.” The fourth response is rebellion. Like retreatists, rebels
reject both the cultural definition of success and the conventional means of achieving
it, but they provide alternatives to the existing social order.

Lesson 3: Human Dignity, Rights, and the Common Good

Material: Bellamy, Richard. 2008. “What is Citizenship, and Why Does is Matter,”
Citizenship: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp.
 1–26

Activity 5. My Prediction
Let the students read the title, first page, and last page of the article. Make them think
of what they already know about the topic or the article itself.

I think this reading about citizenship would be about

59
 My Prediction

Draw or write a short paragraph on

what you think would be discussed in
the reading.

Processing Questions
1. Why did you come up with these speculations?
2. What ideas, events, and actions can you relate with citizenship?