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Schlumberger Confidential
PATTERN FLOOD MANAGEMENT
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Water flood
FrontSim used as primary / only simulator Oil / water
problems using front tracking
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Results
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Reservoir
Model FrontSim
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Advantage: Streamline
• Advantages:
– Unique streamline flow information.
– Streamline visualization.
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– Reduced grid effects.
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Typical Waterflood Management
“Pattern Balancing” to
improve sweep efficiency
• Define patterns.
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• Allocate production/injection
to patterns.
• Estimate pattern performance,
remaining reserves.
• Determine future
injection/production strategy.
• Minimize oil migration out of
pattern
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Allocation Info in .alloc file
RPTSCHED
ALLOC = 1 or 2 or 3 /
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several producers
• One producer normally supported
by several injectors
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Allocation Info in .alloc file
Allocation fractions at step: 1 1.00 Days
--------------------------------------------------
Wells Rate(RB/D) Fraction PoreVolume(RB)
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PROD2 - INJ1 1058.43 0.515 4.9762e+006
PROD3 2054.75 1.0716e+007
PROD3 - INJ2 2054.75 1.000 1.0716e+007
INJ1 -3082.01 1.6396e+007
INJ1 - PROD1 -1957.24 0.635 1.142e+007
INJ1 - PROD2 -1124.77 0.365 4.9762e+006
INJ2 -3082.00 1.605e+007
INJ2 - PROD2 -1198.44 0.389 5.334e+006
INJ2 - PROD3 -1883.56 0.611 1.0716e+007
I-edge 0.00 0.000 0
P-edge 0.00 0.000 0
Fractions for:
Cells not visited by any streamlines: 4274.9
• 1st well
Total: 3.2451e+007
• Bundle = rate of the sum of streamlines from 1st well to
2nd well / rate of the sum of streamlines for the 1st well
• I-edge = due to aquifer influx or compressibility
Simple .alloc file • P-edge = due to flow out across flux, pressure boundary.
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You have allocation info, now what can you
do?
Oilfield Manager (OFM)
• History matched FrontSim model
provides pattern level allocation.
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FrontSim data source
1. “alloc” file.
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Optimizing Waterflood Simulations
Manual allocation to optimize
waterflood simulations becomes difficult
or impossible when -
• 1000s of wells
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• Complex geology
• Compressible flows
• Well and facility constraints
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Frontsim Pattern Flood Management
(PFM)?
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Pattern Flood Management - PFM
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Introduction – Why Frontsim for Waterflood
Management
Accounts for
detailed reservoir
characterisation
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and zonation
Provides key
Enables accurate
information to
modelling of
manage injection/
moving flood
production
fronts
(bundle) wells
ECLIPSE
Frontsim
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PFM in a Nutshell.. Why is it useful?
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3. Reduce injection loss to aquifer
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Rate Balancing Homogeneous 5-Spot Pattern Flood
Unbalanced Balanced
168 rm3/d 168 rm3/d 168 rm3/d
90 180
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378 rm3/d 378 rm3/d
360
378 rm3/d 378 rm3/d
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9
Angle Open to Flow (AOF) 95 189 95 189 378 189 95 189 95
FrontSim 104 189 102 189 345 189 102 189 104
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Dynamic PFM– Homogeneous Model
5-Spot Pattern Flood Water Cut
Water Cut Analysis Corner wells
Mid-edge wells
Unbalanced Flood
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Central well
Uniform Recovery
Water Cut
Delayed BT
Balanced Flood
Better Economics
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Dynamic PFM – Heterogeneous model
Using AOF Rates FrontSim PFM
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Unrecovered
oil
Reduced Water
Increased recovery
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Recommended Waterflood Operations
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Frontsim Pattern Flood Management:
How to activate it?
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PFM - How?
1. Create dynamic well list – WLIST
2. Triggered by a single keyword – WCONPAT
3. WCONPAT strategies / control criteria:
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• VREP – Voidage Replacement
• RECOV – Recovery Balancing
• INJEFF - Reducing water recycling
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Recommended - WCONPAT Strategies
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VREP RECOV INJEFF
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PFM – In Summary
• Automatic allocation is based on the ranking of injector-
producer streamline bundles.
• Ranking criteria
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– Producer oil cut
– Rate of flooding of remaining recoverable oil
– Voidage created
• Injection lost to aquifer can be accounted for
– Reduce the overall injection
– Re-allocate lost injection
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Thank you
Petrel RE 2010 –
PFM demo using PFM Module
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Weighting
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Frontsim Pattern Flood Management (PFM)
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Dynamic pattern
allocation works! –
Example of Prudhoe Bay
• Reduction in overall
water injection by 50%
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Tracking Flood Fronts Accurately using Frontsim
Prudhoe Bay
SPE 63152 –
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“Streamline Simulation
provided an accurate means
to manage the 3-D
complexity of this mature
multi-zone waterflood.”
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Tracking Flood Fronts Accurately using Frontsim
Syria Field
SPE 10896–
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Forecasted movement of oil-water contact with high degree of accuracy
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