MODULE 2:

LITERATURE REVIEW &

TOPIC SELECTION

Submitted by:
Ris Ann Frac
Laynie Mariejoy Colelorio
Ma. Czarina Briñosa
Liv Andrea Agupitan

Submitted to:
Mr. Mark Anthony B. Blacano
 ST. ANTHONY COLLEGE OF ROXAS, INC.
San Roque Extension, Roxas City, Capiz, Phillipines 5800
Member, DC-SLMES Philippines

Mark Anthony B. Blacano Ris Ann G. Frac

Instructor Laynie Mariejoy Colelorio
Ma. Czarina Briñosa
Liv Andrea Agupitan
Reporters

Module 2:
Literature Review & Topic Selection

What is Literature Review?

 The other researcher’s written comprehensive classification & evaluation of your
topic.
 Presents contradictory results of previous studies.
 Forms the very significance of your paper.
 It gives justification.

HOW TO PICK A TOPIC

 Consider your:
1.Interest 2.Existing literature

3. Time 4. Availability of variables

 Look at the basic types of sources:

1. General (articles, monographs, 2. Primary (journals)
books, and other documents)

3. Secondary (textbooks)

TIPS TO HELP YOU CHOOSE A PARTICULAR TOPIC:

 Think of an interesting discussions in class and issues you watched.
 Do a library search, research, & narrow it down.
 Give a preliminary title, provide brief description, and plan how to develop it.
 Consider implications in selecting and finalizing your topic.
Writing a Research Title
The Research title is an important part of your paper, as it provides a brief description
of what your study is all about: from the issue, theory, and data analysis.
The following are some of the reminders in writing your Research Title:
1. Set a 10-12 word limit for titles.
2. Summarize the main idea or issue
3. Identify the primary variables and the relationship among them, as well as the
theoretical issue underlying these.
4. Identify the population(s) used.
5. Do not use words such as “study of” or “an experimental research in”, as these
words or phrases are redundant.
6. Only include words that provide important and sufficient information about the
research.
Illustrating and Explaining the Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
Theory is a statement of how facts are related.
 It is a system of ideas intended to explain a specific phenomenon.

 The relationship between and among your variables is presented in the

theoretical or conceptual framework How do you write this section of your
paper then?
 What are its fundamental arguments?

Learning-for-Use (LfU) Edelson (2001) Three stages:

a. Motivate
b. Construct
c. Refine
Six learning processes
 1. Experience demand
 2. Experience curiosity
 3. Observe
 4. Receive communication
 5. Refine
 6. Reflect

Illustrating and Explaining the Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

Theory is a statement of how facts are related.
 It is a system of ideas intended to explain a specific phenomenon.
 The relationship between and among your variables is presented in the
theoretical or conceptual framework
How do you write this section of your paper then?
What are its fundamental arguments?

1. Learning-for-Use (LfU) Edelson (2001)

 Three stages: a. Motivate
b. Construct
c. Refine
Six learning processes
1. Experience demand
2. Experience curiosity
3. Observe
4. Receive communication
5. Refine
6. Reflect

Lavoie (1999) proposed the Predictive/Discussion-based Learning Cycle (HPD-LC).

2. Modified Useful-Learning (MUL)
I. Hypothetico-Predictive Reasoning is incorporated in the motivation
stage.
II. MUL has three learning activities to achieve the three learning
processes while the learning for use approach has six learning activities
(design strategies) to achieve the six learning processes.

Rodrigo (2002) “The Philippines is one of the many developing nations that had
turned to information and Communication Technology (ICT) as a tool to
improve teaching and learning” (Rodrigo, 2002, p 1)

Edelson “However, the as-yet limited ability of a computer to understand the

knowledge needs of a learner means that the computer as a judge of what
information to present and when remains more promise than reality”

3. LfU approach could be one of the most effective approaches provided that the
schools have enough facilities (laboratory equipment, computers, and other
database technology.)
MUL approach may serve as an alternative solution that can be utilized in the
absence and shortage of classroom, laboratory equipment, and computers both
public and private schools.

4. This study hypothesized that the Modified Useful-Learning approach has a

positive effect on students’ achievement, critical thinking skills, and attitude, as
compared with the traditional teaching approach.
Using MUL approach students have direct interaction with one another and with
the teacher.