Image For Windows: User Manual

Image for Windows
User Manual
TeraByte Unlimited
Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
http://www.terabyteunlimited.com
Copyright © 1996-2011 by TeraByte, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Trademarks
BootIt, BING, TBOS, PHYLock, and TBIView are trademarks of TeraByte, Inc.
Microsoft, MS, MS-DOS and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft

Corporation.
IBM, PC-DOS and OS/2 are registered trademarks of the International Business
Machines Corporation.
All other trademarks and copyrights referred to are the property of their respective
owners.
Technical Support Policy

Technical support is provided online. Software and documentation updates are
available at www.terabyteunlimited.com.
* The Image for Windows home page, with software and documentation update
information, and support resources, can be found at
www.terabyteunlimited.com/image-for-windows.htm.
* A support knowledge base for all TeraByte Unlimited products, including Image
for Windows, can be found at www.terabyteunlimited.com/kb.
Registered users can email their questions to support@terabyteunlimited.com if you

can’t find a suitable resolution via the aforementioned support resources. If we
cannot resolve the issue via email, we may provide telephone support.
Unregistered users will be provided technical support and product information

through email only.
In all cases, TeraByte Unlimited reserves the right to refuse any communication
method that would incur a cost.
Ombudsman Statement
This program is produced by a member of the Association of Software
Professionals (ASP). ASP wants to make sure that the shareware principle works
for you. If you are unable to resolve a shareware-related problem with an ASP
member by contacting the member directly, ASP may be able to help. The ASP
Ombudsman can help you resolve a dispute or problem with an ASP member, but
does not provide technical support for members' products. Please contact the ASP
Ombudsman online at www.asp-software.org/omb.
Image for Windows User Manual Page 2 of 161

Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................ 3
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................. 5
DATA STORAGE SIZE UNIT CONVENTIONS .................................................... 5
HOW IMAGE FOR WINDOWS WORKS .............................................................. 6
WAYS TO USE IMAGE FOR WINDOWS ............................................................. 7
IMAGE FOR WINDOWS QUICK START .............................................................. 8

QUICKSTART: CREATING A RECOVERY BOOT DISC ........................................................ 8
QUICKSTART: MAKING A BACKUP .................................................................................. 9
QUICKSTART: RESTORING AN IMAGE ........................................................................... 10
QUICKSTART: VALIDATING AN IMAGE ........................................................................... 12
OBTAINING IMAGE FOR WINDOWS ................................................................ 12
INSTALLING IMAGE FOR WINDOWS ............................................................... 14
FORMULATING A BACKUP PLAN .................................................................... 23

CONSIDER THE DESTINATION FOR YOUR BACKUP ........................................................ 23
PLAN YOUR BACKUP WITH A RESTORE STRATEGY IN MIND ........................................... 23
STRIKE YOUR OWN BALANCE BETWEEN CONVENIENCE AND RESILIENCY ...................... 24
CREATING BACKUPS WITH IMAGE FOR WINDOWS ..................................... 24
CREATING A FULL BACKUP .......................................................................................... 24
UNDERSTANDING OPTIONS.......................................................................................... 32
Setting Image for Windows Program Options .................................................................. 32
Setting Backup Options .................................................................................................... 37
Additional Backup Options for Removable Media ............................................................ 40
CREATING A DIFFERENTIAL BACKUP ............................................................................ 42
RESTORING AN IMAGE FILE............................................................................ 46
RESTORING A BACKUP WITH IMAGE FOR DOS .............................................................. 47
Creating a Bootable Image for DOS Disc......................................................................... 47
Navigating the Image for DOS Interface .......................................................................... 56
Restoring the Backup ....................................................................................................... 56
Image for DOS Restore Options for an Entire Drive ........................................................ 60
Image for DOS Restore Options for an Individual Partition .............................................. 63
RESTORING A BACKUP WITH IMAGE FOR WINDOWS ...................................................... 65
Using Image for Windows in BartPE ................................................................................ 66
Using Image for Windows to Restore an Image ............................................................... 68
Geometry Settings ............................................................................................................ 75
Image for Windows Restore Options ................................................................................ 77
VALIDATING BACKUPS WITH IMAGE FOR WINDOWS .................................. 80
VALIDATING A BACKUP ................................................................................................ 80

UNDERSTANDING VALIDATION OPTIONS ....................................................................... 84
COPYING PARTITIONS OR DRIVES WITH IMAGE FOR WINDOWS .............. 84
COPYING A PARTITION OR DRIVE ................................................................................. 84
UNDERSTANDING COPY OPTIONS ................................................................................ 89
DEPLOYING YOUR IMAGE ............................................................................... 91
IMAGE FOR WINDOWS ADVANCED CONFIGURATION OPTIONS ................ 94

IMAGE FOR WINDOWS INI FILE .................................................................................... 94
IMAGE FOR WINDOWS ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES ......................................................... 95
IMAGE FOR WINDOWS FILE PATH VARIABLES ............................................................... 95
IMAGE FOR WINDOWS AND WINDOWS SERVICES .......................................................... 96
RUNNING IMAGE FOR WINDOWS FROM THE COMMAND LINE................... 97
IMAGE FOR WINDOWS BACKUP OPTIONS ................................................................... 110
IMAGE FOR WINDOWS RESTORE OPTIONS ................................................................. 118
IMAGE FOR WINDOWS VALIDATE OPTIONS ................................................................. 129
IMAGE FOR WINDOWS COPY OPTIONS ....................................................................... 132
TROUBLESHOOTING ...................................................................................... 140
APPENDIX A: UNDERSTANDING THE TYPES OF BACKUPS ...................... 141

FILE-BASED BACKUP ................................................................................................. 141
SECTOR-BASED BACKUP........................................................................................... 141
APPENDIX B: BACKUP STRATEGIES ............................................................ 142
FULL BACKUPS ......................................................................................................... 142
INCREMENTAL BACKUPS ............................................................................................ 142
DIFFERENTIAL BACKUPS............................................................................................ 143
APPENDIX C: INTRODUCTION TO HARD DRIVE STORAGE ....................... 145
THE PHYSICAL HARD DRIVE ...................................................................................... 145
THE LOGICAL HARD DRIVE—HARD DRIVE DATA ORGANIZATION................................. 145
APPENDIX D: SCHEDULING BACKUPS ......................................................... 148
GLOSSARY ...................................................................................................... 151
WHAT IS SHAREWARE? ................................................................................. 153
TERABYTE UNLIMITED (TRIAL-USE) LICENSE AGREEMENT ..................... 154
TERABYTE UNLIMITED (FULL-USE) LICENSE AGREEMENT ...................... 157
IMAGE FOR WINDOWS – ORDER FORM ...................................................... 161

System Requirements
Any of the following operating systems (including x64** and server versions) are
supported:
• Windows 7 *
• Windows 2008 *
• Windows Vista *
• Windows XP *
• Windows 2003 *
• Windows 2000 *
• Windows NT *
• Windows Millennium
• Windows 98
* These operating systems require Administrator privileges to install and run

Image for Windows.
** x64 versions of Windows are supported (AMD64/EM64T).
Recommended: External hard drive
Note: You can use a writable CD or DVD drive, but an external hard drive is the
preferred method.
If you will be restoring outside of Windows, as most home users will, or you are
running Windows 98/Me, your computer’s BIOS must provide access to the hard
drive. In addition, it must meet the following minimum system requirements of
Image for DOS:
IBM-compatible personal computer (i386 or newer)
32-MB RAM
Data Storage Size Unit Conventions

Since Image for Windows and this document refer to data storage size units, this
section provides clarification on the definitions we use. Storage device
manufacturers typically define gigabytes (GB) in base decimal, where 1 GB = 1,000
MB = 109 bytes = 1,000,000,000 bytes. Microsoft Windows, on the other hand,
defines GB in base binary, where 1 GB = 1,024 MB = 230 bytes = 1,073,741,824
bytes.
Because of the confusion that can result when these different data storage size unit
conventions are each referred to as “gigabytes”, the gibibyte (along with the
kibibyte, mebibyte, etc.) was established in 1998 by the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). A gibibyte (abbreviated GiB) is a base binary
unit, so 1 GiB = 230 bytes = 1,073,741,824 bytes. The IEC retained the term
gigabyte to refer to base decimal, where 1 GB = 109 bytes = 1,000,000,000 bytes.

Image for Windows and this document will follow IEC recommendations, and will
thus use the terms megabyte (MB), gigabyte (GB), etc. to refer to base decimal,
and mebibytes (MiB), gibibytes (GiB), etc. to refer to base binary. So, when you
read about the data storage size convention used by Windows, the units will appear
as mebibytes (MiB) or gibibytes (GiB), even though Windows itself refers to the
units as megabytes (MB) or gigabytes (GB).
How Image for Windows Works

Image for Windows is a backup program that is designed to function in the
Windows operating environment but can back up a hard disk containing any type of
operating system. Image for Windows protects your system by creating a
compressed or uncompressed “snapshot” of all used areas of your FAT, FAT32,
NTFS, Ext2/3/4, or ReiserFS partition or volume. For other file systems, it saves
and restores a compressed or uncompressed snapshot of all sectors in the partition
or volume, both used and unused areas.
The snapshot backup created by Image for Windows is referred to as an image.

You can write the image backup to a set of files that you store in a different partition
of the hard drive you are backing up, on an external hard drive (the recommended
approach), on a network drive, or directly to most USB 2, IEEE 1394, ATAPI CD-
R/RW, or DVD/RW drives. Image for Windows can also work with drives that make
use of ASPI drivers, if you provide the appropriate DOS-based driver.
When you create the image, Image for Windows backs up the file system and files
exactly as they are stored on the sectors of your hard drive at the time you make
the backup, effectively taking a snapshot of your hard drive when you create the
image. Image for Windows does not examine the files on your hard drive to make
decisions about whether they should be backed up.
Note: See Appendix A: Understanding the Types of Backups on Page 141 for a
description of file-based backups vs. sector-based backups. Appendix B: Backup
Strategies on Page 142 describes the types of backup strategies you can use, and
the strategy you choose plays an important role when you need to restore a
backup.
When you create a backup using Image for Windows, you back up not only your
data files but also the operating system, in its entirety. To understand the full impact
of having an image backup, suppose that you install a program to test it and
discover it is not what you expected. You attempt to uninstall it and it misbehaves.
Before you know it, the fully functional, well-behaved computer you fondly
remember from 30 minutes ago is gone, and, in its place, you now have a devil
child that won’t even boot. If you restore an image backup taken before you
installed the errant program, you effectively remove all traces of the program—your
computer returns to the state it was in before you installed the errant program and
life goes on as if the errant program never existed on your hard drive. To
understand the technical details of how Image for Windows creates a sector-based
image, see Appendix C: Introduction to Hard Drive Storage on Page 145.

After backing up with Image for Windows, your computer is protected from crashes,
data loss, hardware problems, and malicious software (i.e. viruses), since you can
restore the snapshot image whenever necessary.
You can view and extract individual files or folders from an image backup by using
the free TBIView or TBIMount add-ons, which are included as part of the Image for
Windows setup.
When you are ready to restore a backup file, you typically don’t use Image for
Windows because you cannot restore a Windows image while you work in that
instance of Windows. So, instead, you can create an Image for DOS or an Image
for Linux boot disc and then use either of those programs to restore your image. In
both cases, when you boot your computer, you don’t boot to Windows, so your
Windows installation is not in use and you can safely restore it.
Note: When you purchase Image for Windows, you automatically receive copies of
Image for DOS and Image for Linux. If you download the trial version of Image for
Windows, you can also download the trial versions of Image for DOS and Image for
Linux.
You can easily create an Image for DOS or Image for Linux boot disc using the
MakeDisk utility that comes with those programs; just follow the steps in the section
“Installing Image for DOS” or “Installing Image for Linux” on page 12 of the
respective manual.
The images you create using Image for Windows are fully compatible with the other
TeraByte Unlimited Version 2 imaging programs, such as Image for DOS and
Image for Linux. For example, you can create an image using Image for Windows
and restore it using Image for DOS or Image for Linux. The reverse is also true:
Images created by other TeraByte Unlimited imaging programs are compatible with
Image for Windows.
Ways to Use Image for Windows

You can use Image for Windows in a variety of ways:
* Local Usage: You can make a backup with Image for Windows and the free
add-on PHYLock that comes with Image for Windows. You can store the
backup on a secondary hard drive partition, on an external hard drive, or on
CD’s or DVD’s. Then, when you need to restore, boot from a CD/DVD, USB
flash drive (UFD), floppy diskette, or other bootable media that has Image for
DOS installed on it, and use Image for DOS to perform the restore operation.
* Across a Network: You can use Image for Windows to create an image file to a
mapped network drive or UNC path. Using Image for DOS (after creating a
network-capable boot media) or Image for Linux, you also can restore an image
file from a mapped or mounted network drive. You can use push technology
(not included) to automatically start the back up or restore across a network.
You also can use Image for Windows from the Windows PE environment as

described in the next bullet and in the section, “Using Image for Windows in
BartPE” on Page 66 to back up and restore from a network path.
* In the Windows PE Environment: Image for Windows includes the “PE Builder
Plugin Installer.” You can use the plugin with the free Bart PE Builder, which
allows you to build a bootable Windows CD or UFD that also contains Image for
Windows. VistaPE and TBWinPE (based on the Windows 7 AIK) builds can also
be created.
When you boot your computer using this boot media, you boot to a Windows
preinstallation environment state, where you can use Image for Windows to
back up or restore your backup.
Image for Windows Quick Start

In this section, you’ll find a general overview of the major processes Image for
Windows can perform: making a recovery boot disk that you can use to boot your
computer and restore a partition or a hard drive, backing up, restoring, and
validating an existing backup image. Each of these processes is described in detail,
including pictures, later in this manual.
QuickStart: Creating a Recovery Boot Disc

Follow the steps in the section, “Installing Image for Windows” on Page 14 to install
the product. While installing Image for Windows, you can also create the Image for
DOS recovery boot media that you can use to boot your computer and restore a
partition or a hard drive. This recovery media plays an important role in your use of
Image for Windows. It is particularly useful if either your hard drive or the partition
you use to boot become unusable. You use the MakeDisk utility to create the
recovery boot media.
Note: If you prefer, you can create BartPE or Image for Linux recovery media. To
create a BartPE recovery disc, see the section, “Using Image for Windows in
BartPE” on Page 66. To create an Image for Linux recovery disk, see the Image for
Linux manual. If your keyboard connects to your computer via a USB port, you
might prefer to create and use an Image for Linux or a BartPE recovery media
because both of those products support USB keyboards that DOS might not
support.
The steps below assume that you have installed MakeDisk, but that you opted not
to create the Image for DOS bootable recovery media at the same time that you
installed Image for Windows. When you create the recovery media while installing
Image for Windows, you skip Step 1 below.
Note: For detailed steps on creating a bootable recovery disc, see the section,
“Creating a Bootable Image for DOS Disc” on Page 47.
1. Choose Start, All Programs, Terabyte Unlimited, Image for Windows, V2,
Image for DOS, Create Recovery Boot Disk. This will trigger a UAC prompt in

Windows Vista and Windows 7 if UAC is enabled. Select to allow the program
to run.
2. Click Next on the MakeDisk welcome screen. The License Agreement screen
appears.
3. Read the Image for DOS license agreement, and if you accept it, select the “I
accept the agreement” button and click Next to display either the “Select
Options” screen or the “Select the optional components” screen.
Note: If you don’t have a copy of Image for DOS and a pre-existing copy of IFD.INI,
the “Select the optional components” screen doesn’t appear. If you do have a copy
of IFD.INI in the folder where MAKEDISK.EXE resides, you can select the “IFD.INI
file from local directory” option on the “Select the optional components” screen to
include that file in the Image for DOS bootable disc or diskette, and then click Next
to display the “Select Options” screen.
4. Enable the desired options on the “Select Options” screen. Click Next, and the
Global Geometry and MBR Options screen appears. See the section,
“Creating a Bootable Image for DOS Disc” on Page 47 for a detailed
description of these options.
5. Click Next, and the Additional IFD.INI Options screen appears. Most of the
options needed to use Image for DOS are set for you by default, but you can
use this screen to set additional options.
6. Click Next, and the License Key screen appears. If you own a licensed copy of
Image for DOS, supply your serial number.
7. Click Next, and the “Select Target” screen appears. Choose the target that
MakeDisk should use to create the bootable Image for DOS media.
You can create a bootable USB flash drive (UFD) with MakeDisk as long as the
UFD is not larger than 64 GB.
8. Click Finish, and respond to subsequent prompts as necessary. MakeDisk will

then create your bootable media or ISO image. When MakeDisk finishes, the
Success screen appears.
9. Click Close on the MakeDisk Success screen.
QuickStart: Making a Backup

To make a full back up of a drive or partition using Image for Windows, follow these
steps:
Note: For detailed steps on creating a full backup, see the section, “Creating
Backups with Image for Windows” on Page 24.

1. Click Start, All Programs, Terabyte Unlimited, Image for Windows, V2, Image
for Windows or you can double-click the Image for Windows Desktop shortcut.
2. Select Backup (Full) and click Next.
3. Select a drive or partition to back up.
4. Select the target location where you want to store the backup image file(s).
5. Provide a name for the backup image file.
6. Set backup options.
* For details on available backup options, see the section, “Setting Backup
Options” on Page 37.
You can make a differential backup using the same steps; you simply select the
Changes Only option on the Image for Windows menu instead of the Full Backup
option. For details on backup strategies—that is, deciding whether to make full
backups or use a combination of full backups and differential backups—see
Appendix B: Backup Strategies on Page 142. For details on creating a differential
backup, see the section, “Creating a Differential Backup” on Page 42.
QuickStart: Restoring an Image

You can restore an Image for Windows backup using these steps:
Note: For detailed steps to restore a backup, see the section, “Using Image for
Windows to Restore an Image” on Page 65
1. Boot your computer using the Image for DOS boot disk you can create using
the steps in the section, QuickStart: Creating a Recovery Boot Disc or using
the BartPE boot disk you can create using the steps in the section, “Using
Image for Windows in BartPE.”
2. On the Image for Windows main menu, select Restore (Normal).
Tip: If you select Restore (Automatic), Image for Windows will try to select for you
the target location and the options you would ordinarily select in Steps 5 and 6.
3. Select the source location that contains the backup image file that you want to
restore.
4. Select the backup image file you want to restore.
5. Select the target location that you want Image for Windows to overwrite with
the information contained in the backup image file.
6. Set restore options.

* For details on available restore options when you are restoring an entire
drive, see the section, “Image for DOS Restore Options for an Entire Drive”
on Page 60.
* For details on available restore options when you are restoring an individual
partition, see the section, “

Image for DOS Restore Options for an Individual Partition” on Page 63.
QuickStart: Validating an Image

You can validate a backup as you create it or, if you don’t have time to validate it
when you create it, you can validate it later. Follow these steps:
Note: For detailed steps to validate a backup, see the section, “Validating Backups
with Image for Windows” on Page 80.
1. Boot your computer using the Image for DOS boot media you can create using
the steps in the section, QuickStart: Creating a Recovery Boot Disc or using
the BartPE boot disk you can create using the steps in the section, “Using
Image for Windows in BartPE.”
2. On the Image for Windows main menu, select Validate.
3. Select the source location that contains the backup image file that you want to
validate.
4. Select the backup image file you want to validate.
5. Set validation options.
* For details on available validation options, see the section, “Understanding

Validation Options” on Page 84.
Obtaining Image for Windows

You can download either the unregistered trial version, or the registered version
of Image for Windows:
* If you have not purchased Image for Windows, click here to download the
unregistered trial version.
* If you have purchased Image for Windows, click here to display a product
download form for obtaining the registered version. You will need to provide
your name, email address, and Image for Windows order number.
Note: If you use the trial version of Image for Windows to make a backup, you will
be able to restore that image for 30 days. After that time, you will only be able to
restore that image using a registered version of Image for DOS, Image for Linux, or
Image for Windows.
If you are currently using an older version of Image for Windows, you do not need
to uninstall it before installing Image for Windows 2.0. In fact, you may want to keep
your older version for awhile. Image for Windows 2.0 can restore only those
backups you create using Image for Windows 2.0; to restore backups you made
using older versions of Image for Windows, you need those versions. You should

update older versions to Image for Windows 1.7c or later so that your older version
will be compatible with the version of PHYLock installed by Version 2.0.

Installing Image for Windows
You install Image for Windows the same way you install most Windows programs.
1. Run the setup program you downloaded from the link provided above by
double-clicking it. (This will trigger a UAC prompt on Windows Vista and
Windows 7 if UAC is enabled. Select to allow the program to run.) The
“Welcome to the Image for Windows (V2) Setup Wizard” screen appears.

2. Click Next. The License Agreement window appears. Read the Image for
Windows license agreement, and if you accept it, select the “I accept the
agreement” option button.

3. Click Next. The Select Destination Location window appears. To change the
default folder where Image for Windows will be installed, click Browse and
navigate to the appropriate folder. Otherwise, continue to Step 4.
4. Click Next. The Select Components window appears. From the drop-down
menu, you can choose Full Installation (as shown in the figure below),
Compact Installation, or Custom Installation. The optional components you can
install include:
• PHYLock: A free add-on that enables Image for Windows to create a

consistent, reliable backup of a partition or volume that is in use—also
called an unlocked partition or volume. We recommend that you install
PHYLock so that you can back up a Windows volume while using it.
• TBIView: A free add-on you can use to view and extract individual files
from image backups you’ve created. Includes TBIMount.
• TBICD2HD: A free command line utility you can use to copy to your hard
drive TeraByte image files that were directly burned to optical discs.
• BINGBURN: A free utility you can use to burn previously-created

TeraByte image files to CD, DVD, or BD discs.
• BurnCDCC: A free utility that provides a quick, easy way to write CD,
DVD, or BD .ISO files to optical discs.

• PE Builder: A free utility you can use to integrate Image for Windows into
BartPE or VistaPE, which are standalone Windows environments. When
booted to a Windows PE build, you can perform maintenance tasks or
create or restore an image of your main Windows partition.
BartPE is a third-party product and is not included with Image for Windows. To
learn more about BartPE or to download it, please visit the BartPE Builder home
page at www.nu2.nu/.
• TeraByte OS Deployment Tool Suite Professional: A collection of

specialized tools for IT professionals and power users. These powerful
tools in the right hands have many uses such as virus and rootkit
removal and repair, installation of software and drivers, and much more.
Note: This option is not available with the trial version of the program.
• Image for DOS Recovery Disk: Image for DOS is a standalone backup
and restore utility that you can use to restore your Windows partition. If
you choose the “Image for DOS Recovery Disk” component, you will be
able to create a bootable CD/DVD disc, USB flash drive, ISO file, or
floppy diskette that you can use to run Image for DOS. Please note that
your purchase of Image for Windows also includes Image for DOS at no
additional charge.
• Image for Linux Recovery Disk: Image for Linux is a standalone

backup and restore utility that you can use to restore your Windows
partition. If you choose the “Image for Linux Recovery Disk” component,
you will be able to create a bootable CD/DVD disc, USB flash drive, ISO
file, or floppy diskette that you can use to run Image for Linux. Please
note that your purchase of Image for Windows also includes Image for
Linux at no additional charge. This option is only available if you’re using
the installer that includes Image for Linux.

5. Click Next, and the Select Start Menu Folder window appears. You can click
Browse to change the Start Menu Folder or you can accept the default.

6. Click Next, and the Select Additional Tasks window appears. Check the
appropriate boxes to create Desktop and/or Quick Launch toolbar icons. The
following optional setup tasks appear:
• Add PHYLock Setup to Program Group: This option simply adds a

shortcut to the Image for Windows menu (under the Start menu) that will
allow you to uninstall/reinstall PHYLock in the future. If you selected the
PHYLock option in Step 4, it will be installed regardless of what you
select here.
• Run TBIView Setup Wizard: If you check this option, the TBIView setup
routine runs interactively, allowing you to select the installation and Start
menu folders, and you see the installation progress. If you don’t check
this option, TBIView setup will run silently in the background instead
(assuming you opted to install TBIView in Step 4).
• Copy TBICD2HD to Windows Folder: When you need to copy image

files from a directly-burned CD/DVD to your hard drive, you must use
TBICD2HD. By selecting this option, the TBICD2HD program is copied
to your Windows folder, which is in the system path by default. Having
TBICD2HD in the Windows folder allows you to run TBICD2HD easily
from a command line regardless of the current directory.
• Add Image for Windows to Context Menus: This option allows you to
right-click on a drive in Explorer and select to create a backup of that
partition. The backup will be saved in the “My Backups” folder in the
user’s “Documents” folder. It is recommended to move the backup
image to another location after it has finished.
• Create Image for DOS Recovery Disk: This option runs the MakeDisk
utility, which helps you create a bootable Image for DOS USB flash
drive, CD/DVD, ISO image, or floppy diskette. If you don’t check this
option, MakeDisk will not run, but the Image for DOS recovery disk files
will still be installed (if you selected the applicable option in Step 4).
• Create Image for Linux Recovery Disk: This option runs the MakeDisk
utility, which helps you create a bootable Image for Linux USB flash
drive, CD/DVD, ISO image, or floppy diskette. If you don’t check this
option, MakeDisk will not run, but the Image for Linux recovery media
files will still be installed (if you selected the applicable option in Step 4).

7. Click Next, and the Ready to Install window appears, summarizing your
choices.

8. Click Install, and the Installing window appears. A progress bar shows
installation progress. When installation completes, the final window of the
Image for Windows Installation Wizard appears.
If you opted to install MakeDisk or to run the TBIView Setup Wizard, the final
window of the Image for Windows Installation wizard won’t appear until you
complete the other tasks you selected. If you opted to install MakeDisk, skip to Step
2 of the section, “Creating a Bootable Image for DOS Disc” for detailed steps on
using MakeDisk to create the Image for DOS bootable media.
9. Since the installation won’t be complete until you restart your computer, we
recommend that you click the “Yes, restart the computer now” option and click
Finish.
If you opt not to install PHYLock, or if you already had the latest version of
PHYLock installed when you started the installation, you don’t need to reboot and
you won’t be prompted to do so.

Formulating a Backup Plan
Before you create your first backup with Image for Windows, we suggest that you
formulate a backup plan. There are very few rules to follow; please consider the
following ideas to help you create a backup that will help you easily recover from a
disaster. For more information on backup strategies, see Appendix B: Backup
Strategies on Page 142.
Consider the Destination for Your Backup
Suppose that you will be backing up around 30 GB of data. In this case, you
probably will not want to store the backup on a set of CD-R/RW discs, since the
resulting backup will likely require 20 discs or more (based on an expected
compression ratio of 40-60%). Better options in this case would be:
* Back up directly to a set of DVD discs.
* Backup to an alternate hard drive partition (and perhaps use the free add-on
utility BINGBURN later to burn the backup to a set of DVD discs).
* Backup to an external hard drive—the recommended alternative.
Plan your Backup with a Restore Strategy in Mind
As obvious as it sounds, we need to say it: Backing up isn’t truly helpful unless you
can restore the backup. So, plan not only your backup strategy but your restore
strategy.
First and foremost, validate your backup to make sure that you can, if necessary,
restore it.
Regardless of whether you store your backup on a set of CD/DVD discs, an

alternate hard drive partition, or an external hard drive, you can restore by booting
your computer using a recovery boot media you create using either Image for DOS
or Image for Linux. That boot media automatically contains a copy of Image for
DOS/Image for Linux that you can use to restore your Image for Windows backup.
If you prefer, you can use the the “PE Builder Plugin Installer” included with Image
for Windows along with free Bart PE to build a bootable Windows CD/DVD that also
contains Image for Windows. When you boot your computer using this CD/DVD,
you boot to a Windows preinstallation environment state, where you can use Image
for Windows to restore your backup. Tutorials for creating a BartPE CD as well as
other types of WinPE-based media (e.g. TBWinPE) can be found on TeraByte’s
website.
Using either approach, your Image product can recognize USB, USB2, IEEE 1394,
eSATA, and ATAPI devices where you have stored backup files without any
interference on your part. Image for Windows and Image for Linux also support
USB3 devices.

Note: Image can also recognize ASPI devices if you provide the ASPI driver.
Strike Your Own Balance between Convenience and Resiliency
Consider these simple ideas:
* Save your backups directly to an alternate hard drive partition or external hard
drive, and then use the free utility BINGBURN to burn a secondary copy of the
backup to a set of CD/DVD discs. Then, if you need to restore, you can quickly
and conveniently use the backup stored on the hard drive. But, if things really
go wrong and the primary copy of the backup isn’t available, you can fall back
on the copy of the backup that you saved on CD/DVD discs.
* Don’t get rid of an existing set of backup discs when you create a new set.
Instead, keep two or more sets of backup discs. That way, you can fall back to
an older backup if something should go wrong with the newest backup.
* If you are using multiple sets of backup CD/DVD discs, keep the newest set
offsite, to guard against physical damage.
* Use multiple external hard drives and rotate between them. Keep at least one
drive offsite.
Creating Backups with Image for Windows

When you create a backup, you can create either a full backup or a differential
backup. A full backup is exactly what it sounds like—Image for Windows backs up
your entire hard disk. A differential backup works in conjunction with a full backup—
you create a full backup the first time and then create differential backups, which
contain only changes, for subsequent backups. A differential backup will, initially, be
smaller than a full backup but, as you make changes on your hard drive, the size of
the differential backup will grow over time. And, because Image for Windows is a
sector-based backup, the smaller file size may not be as small as you expect.
Before you make the decision concerning the type of backup you want to create,
read Appendix B: Backup Strategies for a detailed explanation of full backups and
differential backups.
Creating a Full Backup

You walk through a series of windows to create a full backup. If you are backing up
to CD/DVD discs, be aware that Image for Windows can automatically overwrite
CD-RW, and DVD+RW media. However, if you wish to use DVD-RW media, it must
be fully formatted, fully blanked, or brand new before being used. To fully blank the
DVD-RW media, use your burning software’s “full erase” function. (The “quick
erase” function will not work for this purpose.)
Tip: It’s always a good idea to validate your backup as you create it.
Follow these steps to create a full backup:

1. Double-click the Image for Windows icon on your desktop or launch the
program from its program group on the Start menu. If you downloaded a trial
version, a reminder message appears. You can click OK to continue
evaluating, click Enter Key to record your registration key, or click Buy Now!
to purchase Image for Windows.
2. On the Image for Windows Welcome window, select Backup (Full).

3. You can click the Settings button to display settings you can establish for the
Image for Windows program. In the section “Understanding Options”
immediately following these steps, you’ll find details on the purpose of each
setting. Click OK to redisplay the Image for Windows Welcome window shown
previously.

4. Click Next. In the window that appears, select the hard drive or partition you
want to back up.
Selecting a Drive or a Partition

To back up an entire drive, check the box beside the Drive icon—
HD0, HD1, etc. Remember, you can back up only one drive at a
time. If you want to back up a partition, check the box beside that
partition. When restoring an image of a partition, you might need
to use the Update BOOT.INI, Set Active, and Write Standard MBR
Code (or Restore First Track) options described in the section,
“Image for Windows Restore Options.”
If you individually select all partitions on a drive, Image for

Windows handles the backup as individual partition backups, not
as a full drive backup. You can restore an entire drive in one
restore operation using individual partitions, but you can’t set
sizing or rescaling options or restore to a different location
(sector/LBA).
Image for Windows provides a visual clue as you make your

backup selections. If you select a partition, a check appears in the
Drive box, but the box turns gray. If you select all partitions on a
drive, the Drive box still remains gray and Image for Windows
backs up partitions separately instead of storing the entire backup
for the drive in one backup file.

Note: You can select a drive or partition and click the Information button to view
the number of MiB used, free, and needed to restore.
5. Click Next. Image for Windows searches for available locations to which you
can save a backup file. In the window that appears, select the location where
you want to save the backup file. You can save a backup file to CD/DVD
media, an external hard drive, network share, a virtual drive, etc.
Note: By default, Image for Windows searches your entire network; if the process of
searching takes longer than you’d like, unselect the Show Entire Network option
shown in the settings window in Step 3.
Caution: It’s generally not recommended to save your image to the same partition
you are backing up. If you must do this, move the backup image to another location
after it has completed.
Virtual Drives and Image for Windows

You can use Image for Windows to back up to or restore from a
single file virtual drive. In most cases, you’re likely to use a virtual
drive with Image for Windows if you want to back up a physical
drive and then restore it to the virtual drive of a virtual machine
you’ve created using VirtualPC or VMWare. You can add a virtual

drive while working in Image for Windows. Click the Add Virtual
Drive button to display an Open dialog box. In the File name box,
type the name of the virtual drive you want to add and click Open.
If the virtual drive name you type doesn’t exist, Image for Windows
displays a message asking if you want to create a file for the
virtual drive. Click Yes, and Image for Windows displays this
dialog box, where you can define the type and size of the virtual
drive. You can specify the size in bytes by including no letters. Or,
you can specify the size in Mebibytes by supplying an M or in
Gibibytes by supplying a G.
You can create any of five types of drives:
* RAW - Fixed Size creates a plain (raw) file as the virtual

drive. Its size is fixed and allocated with zeros on creation.
* VHD - Dynamic Expanding creates a VirtualPC Dynamic

Expanding virtual hard drive. These types of virtual drives
append data to the file as you add data to the virtual drive;
the file size starts small and grows as needed.
* VHD - Fixed Size creates a VirtualPC Fixed Size virtual

hard drive. These types of virtual drives allocate data for
the file when its created and the file size does not change.
* VMDK - Monolithic Sparse (IDE) creates a VMWare

Sparse IDE virtual hard drive. These types of virtual drives
append data to the file as you add data to the virtual drive;
the file size starts small and grows as needed.
* VMDK - Monolithic Sparse (SCSI) creates a VMWare

Sparse SCSI virtual hard drive. These types of virtual
drives append data to the file as data is added to the
virtual drive; the file size starts small and grows as needed.
Note that a new virtual drive must be partitioned and formatted

before you can use it. However, you can restore an image or copy

a partition into a new virtual drive without needing to partition or
format it first.
6. Click Next. The window that appears next depends on the target you chose in
Step 5.
* If you selected CD/DVD drive, Image for Windows displays a window that
suggests a filename.
* If you selected a standard drive or network share, the window shown below
appears, also suggesting a filename. At the top of the window, open the list
of drives and select the drive on which Image for Windows should save the
backup file. If you want to store the backup on a drive not displayed by
Image for Windows or a network drive, you can click the Windows/Network
Browse button to navigate to the drive. You can use UNC paths.
Note: The suggested filename includes identifying information. For example, in the
default name shown in the screen below, “w” stands for Windows, “0” represents
the drive being backed up, and “$~YYYY$-$~MM$-$~DD$-$~HHMM$” represent
the date (in 4-digit year, 2-digit month, and 2-digit day format) and time (in 2-digit
hour and minute format) the backup started. If you opt to back up a partition instead
of an entire drive, the partition ID follows the drive number. You can change the file
name; you don’t need to include either the drive letter or the file name extension.

Tip: If you want, you can manually delete existing image files from the window
shown above. Simply select the file(s) you wish to delete, and then press the Delete
key. Please keep in mind that, by default, only .TBI files appear in the window, even
if an image has additional files associated with it (i.e. .1, .2, etc.). To view such files,
enter a file name mask (without quotes) in the Filename text box, and then press
Enter. For example, you can type "backup.*" to view all files with a name of backup
and any extension, including TBI, 1, or 2. Or, you can simply type * to view all files
on the target disk.
7. Click Next. In the window that appears, set the options you want Image for
Windows to use during the backup. See the section, “Setting Backup Options”
on Page 37 for an explanation of each option.
8. If you are backing up to CD/DVD discs, insert a blank disc.
9. On the Summary screen that appears, select Start when you are ready to
begin the backup process. A progress bar appears on-screen. You can
interrupt the backup and validation operations at any time by clicking Cancel
or pressing the Esc key. Image for Windows will ask you to confirm that you
want to cancel before it interrupts the current operation.
When Image for Windows finishes, a window appears to inform you that Image for
Windows created the backup successfully. You can click Close.

Note: If a) Image for Windows reports that it cannot obtain a lock and directs you to
consider using PHYLock and b) PHYLock is already installed, read this article and
follow the instructions in it:
http://www.terabyteunlimited.com/kb/idx.php/0/338/
Understanding Options
You can set program options for Image for Windows as well as options you want in
effect during the backup.
Setting Image for Windows Program Options

The options you can set for Image for Windows and for PHYLock are really one-
time settings. That is, review them and make changes only if necessary. Once you
establish a set of options that works for you, you don’t need to make changes each
time you run Image for Windows.

Use Volume Label – If you enable this option, Image for Windows will use the
volume label instead of the name in the MPT to FAT/FAT32/NTFS/HPFS partition
names, regardless of whether an EMBR exists.
Disable Cancel – Check this box to disable the Cancel button while Image for
Windows backs up, restores, or validates.
No Service Control – Check this box to have Image for Windows ignore the
services.ins file. See the section, “Image for Windows and Windows Services” on
Page 96 for details on using the services.ins file to let Image for Windows control
the services running under Windows.
Retain Failed Backups – If you enable this option and a backup operation fails,
Image for Windows won’t delete the files from the failed backup.
Show Entire Network – This option determines whether the Entire Network item
appears in the window where you select a location to back up or use to save
backup files. When you enable this option, Image for Windows searches the
network for servers, shares, drives, and partitions. If you find that the search takes
longer than you’d like, disable this option.
Use Windows 7 MBR – Windows 7 has tied the MBR code to the kernel loader
such that a normal standard MBR may not allow Windows 7 to boot on certain
machines. Enable this option to have Image for Windows use Windows 7
compatible MBR code as the standard MBR code.
Log File – Enter a path and file name for the log file you want Image for Windows
to maintain. Don’t add quotes. If you leave this blank, Image for Windows creates
the log file, IFW.LOG, in the same folder where you installed imagew.exe; the
default location is “C:\Program Files\TeraByte Unlimited\Image for Windows\V2”.
You can enable or disable logging using the “Log Results to File” option (please
refer to the section below, “Setting Backup Options”).
Partition Selection – These options control how Image for Windows allows
partitions to be selected. The default is Linked Check Boxes.
CD Boot Image – This option allows you to choose which product you want
bootable on any backups directly stored on CD/DVD. It does this by using
variations of the CDBOOT.INS file. See the Image for DOS/Linux manuals for
details on CDBOOT.INS.
PHYLock is an optional software component for Windows NT/2000/XP/2003/Vista

and Windows 7 that enables Image for Windows to create a consistent, reliable
backup of a partition or volume that is in use based on a point in time. To back up a
Windows partition while you are using that partition, you need to use PHYLock.
Note: Image for Windows attempts to pick a “clean” point in time. Like all backup
software packages that back up a partition or volume that is in use, Image for
Windows cannot guarantee that all programs, internal caches, and other processes
are in a clean state.

If you don’t enable any of the options listed below, then Image for Windows will use
PHYLock if you installed it.
Disable Usage – Check this box if you do not want to use PHYLock, even if you
installed it.
Use If Locking Fails – Check this box to have Image for Windows use PHYLock if
Image for Windows cannot obtain a normal lock on the partition you are trying to
back up.
Use and Release Lock – Check this box to have Image for Windows attempt a
normal lock and then use PHYLock even if Image for Windows obtained the lock. If
Image for Windows obtained a normal lock, Image for Windows releases the lock
after enabling PHYLock.
Volume Flush – Check this box to have Image for Windows attempt to force
Windows to clear the volume’s cache buffers. You can’t hurt anything if you check
this box.
Use Disk Storage – Check this box to have PHYLock use hard disk storage in
addition to memory, up to the limit specified in the Disk Cache Size setting. Note
that even if you check this box, PHYLock may sometimes run in RAM mode. It's
recommended that you leave this option checked.
Use VSS When Available – This option will cause Image for Windows to try using
Microsoft's Volume Shadow Copy Services before using PHYLock on Windows
2003 or later. If VSS is unable to be started then PHYLock may be used.
Write Free Time (ms) – In this box, type the amount of time, in milliseconds, that
must pass before PHYLock becomes enabled. During this time, you cannot update
the backup source partition contents. You should try to keep the value above 1250;
the default value is 4250.
Max Wait Time (M) – In this box, type the maximum amount of time, in minutes,
that you want PHYLock to wait for the Write Free Time to occur before forcing the
backup to start. Make sure you type an amount other than zero; if you type 0,
PHYLock waits indefinitely
RAM Cache Size (KB) – In this box, type the size of the internal cache, in
kilobytes, you want PHYLock to use to maintain data consistency. The default value
is 8192 (8192 KB / 1024 = 8 MB). You should not use a value below 2048 for this
setting, even if you enabled the Use Disk Storage setting.
If you back up an NTFS partition and you don’t check the Use Disk Storage box,
then you need to weigh the value of the RAM Cache Size (KB) setting against the
size of the NTFS log. You should keep the value of the RAM Cache Size above the
size of the NTFS log by increasing the RAM Cache Size value, reducing the size of
the NTFS log, or both.
You can check the size of the NTFS log file using the command line:

CHKDSK <drive letter>: /L
The same command line will show you the default NTFS log size for the volume in
question. You can change the size of the NTFS log using:
CHKDSK <drive letter>: /L:<log file size (KB)>
Do not set the size of the NTFS log to a value lower than 4096 KB. If you make the
NTFS log too small, your computer may experience performance degradation or it
may fail to boot. Again, you only need to consider the log file size when you're not
using the Use Disk Storage option.
Disk Cache Size (MB) – In this box, type the amount of hard disk space Image for
Windows should allocate to PHYLock when you also check the Use Disk Storage
box.
Memory – Use this option to control the amount of memory PHYLock allocates to
its internal tracking buffers. The furthest right location on the slider uses the most
memory and covers worse case scenarios. The furthest left location uses the least
amount of memory and covers 1/8 of worse case. The other two positions use 1/4
and 1/2 of worse case scenarios respectively. If you receive an error saying that
PHYLock requires more memory or that it failed to cache changes and you've
already increased the disk cache, try increasing this setting. Note that if PHYLock
won't start do to not enough memory, you may have to decease this setting or the
RAM cache.
The Global Geometry Settings are used to control the geometry options for the
target drive of copy and restore operations. These global options offer a convenient
way to control how the program sets up the target drive. They only apply to
interactive sessions. Command line restores always require specific options on the
command line.
Disabled – Check this box to disable the global geometry settings and revert to
using program defaults or drive specific overrides equivalent to versions prior to
2.52.
Assume Same Target System – Enable this option to prevent problems where
users restore an image from another system to a drive that will be put back in the
other system. For example, the hard drive from PC-A is backed up; PC-B is used
to restore to a new hard; that new drive is placed back in PC-A. Without this option
enabled, Image for Windows would setup the partition to properly boot on the hard
drive for PC-B which can sometimes (not always) be a problem when the hard drive
is going back to PC-A. This option solves that and is equivalent to the individual
Use MBR Geometry override.
Align at 2KiB – This option provides a convent way to enable 2048 sector
alignment for all drives. This is popular with users of SSD type drives. It is the
equivalent to enabling the individual overrides Use 2048 Sector Alignment, Align
MBR Ending HS, Align MBR HS when Truncated, and disabling Align on End.

Align MBR for BIOS Auto Mode – This option is enabled by default to prevent
problems with unaligned partitions on systems with their BIOS using Auto Mode.
Many newer systems use auto mode by default, and some even don't have an
option to turn it off. This is equivalent to enabling the individual overrides Align
MBR Ending HS and Align MBR HS when Truncated.
Use Source Host Geometry – This option is the global equivalent to the individual
Use Original Geometry override.
Validate Geometry Before Use – This option is used to ensure that the geometry
from the MBR on the original system is aligned to known standards before
accepting it for use. It only applies when Assume Same Target System is enabled.

Setting Backup Options
You can set the same options when backing up in Image for Windows whether you
are backing up a partition or an entire drive.
Validate – If you select this option, Image for Windows will perform internal
consistency checks on the backup file(s) after creating them. Enabling this option
increases the overall processing time, but can help ensure that the backup is
reliable.
Validate Byte-for-Byte – If you select this option, Image for Windows will verify
that every byte in the source data was backed up correctly, ensuring 100%
accuracy. This option generally doubles the processing time of the overall backup
operation, but is advisable to use where maximum reliability is required. You can
(but do not need to) select the Validate option if you select the Validate Byte-for-
Byte option.
Encrypt Data – If you select this option, Image for Windows will encrypt the backup
file(s) with 256-bit AES encryption prior to saving them to the target medium. If you
select the Encrypt Data option, you must also supply a password in the Password
text boxes. Enter the password in the first Password text box and retype it in the
second Password text box for verification.

Note: If you create a backup with the Encrypt Data option, you will be required to
supply the password whenever you wish to validate the backup, restore it, or open it
in TBIView or TBIMount. If you lose and/or forget the password, you won’t be able
to open or restore from the backup. TeraByte Unlimited has no way of
recovering data from an encrypted backup with an unknown password.
If the Encrypt Data setting is not enabled, the Password text boxes have no effect
and may be left blank.
The maximum password length is 128 characters. Passwords are case sensitive
and may contain upper-case letters, lower-case letters, numbers, special
characters, spaces, and non-ASCII characters. Note: You may want to avoid using
special language characters in a password if it will be difficult or impossible to enter
those characters in Image for Dos or Image for Linux.
Backup Unused Sectors – By default, if the file system(s) you are backing up are
one of the recognized types (i.e. FAT, FAT32, NTFS, Ext2/3/4, or ReiserFS), Image
for Windows will back up only used sectors. If you select this option, Image for
Windows will include all used and unused sectors in the backup. This option has no
effect on partitions that do not contain a recognized file system; such partitions will
always be backed up in full, regardless of this setting. For entire drive backups this
option causes a raw sector by sector backup (and later restore) of the entire drive
without regard to any partitions or adjustments. NOTE: This option will cause
Validate Byte-for-Byte to fail if VSS or PHYLock is used. This option also causes
Image for Windows to ignore the Omit Page File Data and Omit Hibernation Data
options.
Omit Page File Data – If you select this option and the PAGEFILE.SYS file resides
in the root directory of the source partition, Image for Windows will not back up
PAGEFILE.SYS. If PAGEFILE.SYS resides anywhere else on the source partition
other than the root directory, Image for Windows will back it up, regardless of this
setting.
Omit Hibernation Data – If you select option and the HIBERFIL.SYS file resides
in the root directory of the source partition, Image for Windows will not back up
HIBERFIL.SYS. If HIBERFIL.SYS resides anywhere else on the source partition
other than the root directory, Image for Windows will back it up, regardless of this
setting.
Ignore IO Errors – This option only affects how Image for Windows handles bad
sectors on the source drive, and it applies to both the back up phase and the
validation phase of the backup operation. Normally, if Image for Windows
encounters a bad sector on a source partition during a backup operation, it will
abort with an error. If you select this option, Image for Windows will ignore the error
and continue. Generally, you should select this option only if you need to back up a
source partition on a drive you know contains bad sectors. On some systems, if you
select this setting and Image for Windows encounters bad sectors, there will be a

significant delay as the internal retry/recovery routine of the drive attempts to
handle the bad sector(s).
Log Results to File – Select this option to make Image for Windows log the details
of the operations it performs. Image for Windows saves the log as IFW.LOG in the
IMAGEW.EXE program folder. To be able to save IFW.LOG, Image for Windows
must have permissions to write to the target folder (this is usually not a problem in
Windows).
Reboot When Completed – Select this option to have Image for Windows request
that the computer reboot after completing the operation you selected on the
opening screen of Image for Windows—Backup, Restore, or Copy.
Shutdown when Completed – Select this option to have Image for Windows
request that the computer shut down after completing the operation you selected on
the opening screen of Image for Windows—Backup, Restore, Copy.
Multi-Pass – This option appears when you make a differential backup (Backup,
Change Only) and tells Image for Windows to use a two step process to make the
differential backup. In the first step, Image for Windows looks for what it needs to
back up and then, in the second step, Image for Windows makes the actual backup.
In some situations, using the Multi-Pass option can make the operation go faster.
Compression – Select Standard to compress the backup files that Image for
Windows creates. Typically, if you select Standard, Image for Windows produces
smaller image files but takes longer to back up. If you select None, Image for
Windows creates your backup more quickly but produces larger image file(s). The
attainable compression ratio depends on a number of factors, including the number,
size, and content of the files on the source partition and the level of file
fragmentation on the source partition. Typically, Image for Windows compresses
backup files 40% - 60%. However, if the source partition primarily contains files that
do not compress well, such as media files like MP3, JPG, and AVI, or archive files
like 7Z, RAR, and ZIP, the compression ratio will be much lower.
File Size – This option appears only when saving images to hard drives. Select this
option to choose the maximum size of the image files created by Image for
Windows. The available options are:
* Max – Automatically creates the largest file(s) allowed by the file system in use
on the target medium. For example, the largest files that may reside on FAT,
FAT32, and NTFS partitions are 2 GiB, 4 GiB, and (just under) 16 TiB,
respectively.
* 4 GiB – Useful for FAT32 compatibility.
* 2 GiB – Useful for FAT compatibility.
* 698 MiB – Useful if the image file(s) will later be burned to 700-MiB CD disc(s).
* 648 MiB – Useful if the image file(s) will later be burned to 650-MiB CD disc(s).

Description – You can use this text box to assign descriptive text to individual
backups. The description you enter will be visible in the file list that appears when
you are preparing to restore or validate a backup. You view the description by
selecting the backup and clicking the File Description button in Image for Windows
or pressing F1 in Image for DOS/Linux.
Save Defaults – Click this button to save the settings you establish. In the future,
Image for Windows will display these settings automatically.
Show Command – Click this button to display the information you would type at a
command prompt to start a backup with the options you selected as you displayed
the various windows in Image for Windows. You can use this information to create a
batch file that runs Image for Windows by selecting the Save to File option. For
details on using Image for Windows from a command prompt, see the section,
“Running Image for Windows from the Command Line” on Page 97.
Schedule Backup – Click this button to create a task in the Windows Task
Scheduler, with a command line that corresponds to the current backup operation.
Please refer to Appendix D: Scheduling Backups for more information.
Additional Backup Options for Removable Media

When saving images to removable media such as CD/DVD discs, the following
additional options appear:
No Eject – This option prevents Image for Windows from automatically ejecting the
removable media. If you don’t select this option, Image for Windows will eject the
media whenever new media is needed, and at the completion of the backup
operation.
Validate Disc – If you check this option, Image for Windows will validate each disc
after writing the disc to ensure that the disc is readable. If the disc is not readable,
you can have Image for Windows write the individual disc again without restarting
the entire backup.
Limit Usage – Use this option to instruct Image for Windows to leave the last 10%
of each disc unused to help prevent data errors that occur near the edges of discs.
Drop Down List to Set Maximum CD/DVD Burning Speed: Use this list to specify
the maximum disc writing speed that Image for Windows should use when burning
a CD or DVD disc. You can force a lower writing speed than that automatically used
by the optical drive’s firmware; slower writing speeds may increase reliability.

The maximum writing speed that Image for Windows actually uses is determined by
whichever is lower: the setting you select here or the speed deemed appropriate by
the drive’s firmware, according to the CD/DVD media in use. For example, if you
are using media that is rated at 8X for burning, the maximum writing speed will be
no more than 8X, regardless of the setting you choose here. Similarly, if you supply
a value that is higher than or invalid for the drive’s design limits, the drive will
automatically use the highest speed supported by both the drive and the media in
use.
DVD speeds are approximately 1/8 CD speeds, therefore a maximum burning

speed of 32X for a CD disc corresponds to 4X for a DVD disc, 16X for a CD
corresponds to 2X for a DVD, and so on.

Creating a Differential Backup
When you create a differential backup, Image for Windows compares the condition
of the source partition or hard drive to a full backup you identify to determine what
changes have occurred on the source partition or hard drive since you created the
full backup. A differential backup contains only the changed sectors. For details on
differential backups, see Appendix B: Backup Strategies on Page 142.
The process for creating a differential backup is very similar to the process for
creating a full backup, and you set many of the same options during both
processes. When you analyze the steps you take, you’ll notice the following
differences:
* When you create a full backup, you identify the source drive you want to back
up.
* When you create a differential backup, you identify the full backup Image for
Windows should reference when creating the differential backup.
Tip: It’s always a good idea to validate your backup as you create it.
program from its program group on the Start menu.
2. In the window that appears, select Backup (Changes Only).

3. Click Next. In the window that appears, select the location where you stored
the full backup file. If you stored the backup image on a device that Image for
Windows doesn’t display, just highlight any Windows drive and continue to the
next step.

4. Click Next. Image for Windows displays a window where you can select the
name of the full backup.
If the full backup you want to select doesn’t appear, open the list of drives at
the top right corner of the window and select the drive containing the backup
file. If you stored the backup on a network drive or a drive Image for Windows
does not display, you can click the Windows/Network Browse button to
navigate to the drive. After selecting a drive, select the backup file so that its
name appears in the Filename box at the bottom of the window.
5. Click Next. In the window that appears, select the location to save the
differential backup file. You can select a CD/DVD drive, an external hard drive,
a virtual drive, or a partition other than the one you are backing up. If you want
to store the differential backup on a device that Image for Windows doesn’t
display, just highlight any Windows drive and continue to the next step.
Note: You do not need to store files from a differential backup in the same location
where you store full backup files. When you restore a differential backup, Image for
Windows will prompt you for locations for both the full backup files and the
differential backup files.
6. Click Next and Image for Windows displays a window that closely resembles
the window shown in Step 4.
You can open the list of drives at the top of the window and select the drive

where you want to store the differential backup file. If you want to store the file
on a network drive, you can type in the UNC or click the Windows/Network
Browse button to navigate to the share. If you want to store the backup on a
drive Image for Windows does not display, you can click the
Windows/Network Browse button to navigate to the drive.
Note: Windows Vista & Windows 7 users must select the Desktop item or show the
folders window on the left pane for the network option to appear.
Type a name for the differential backup file or accept the default name Image
for Windows suggests that includes identifying information. The suggested
name includes the following information in the order it appears: “w” (for
Windows), a number representing the drive being backed up, the letters “chg”
which represent the word “changes,” and “$~YYYY$-$~MM$-$~DD$-
$~HHMM$” representing the date (in 4-digit year, 2-digit month, and 2-digit day
format) and time (in 2-digit hour and minute format) the backup starts. If you
selected a backup of a partition instead of an entire drive, the partition ID
follows the drive number.
7. On the Backup Options screen that appears, select the options you want to
use. See the section, “Setting Backup Options” on Page 37 for an explanation
of each option.
8. If you are backing up to CD/DVD discs, insert a blank disc.
begin the backup process. A progress bar appears on-screen. You can
Windows created the backup successfully. You can click Close.

Restoring an Image File
You can’t restore an image to a partition or drive that is in use by your computer.
That is, you cannot boot to a copy of Windows and then restore an image over that
copy of Windows.
You can deal with this situation in one of two ways:
* You can use Image for DOS or Image for Linux to restore an image to a
Windows partition, or
Note: When you purchase Image for Windows, you automatically receive copies of
Image for DOS and Image for Linux.
* You can use the free Bart PE and the “PE Builder Plugin Installer” included with
Image for Windows to build a bootable Windows CD or DVD that also contains
Image for Windows. When you boot your computer using this CD/DVD, you
boot to a Windows pre-installation environment state, where you can use Image
for Windows to restore your backup. Tutorials for creating a BartPE CD as well
as other types of WinPE-based media (e.g. TBWinPE) can be found on
TeraByte’s website.
In the sections that follow, you find information on creating the Image for DOS boot
media and using it to restore a backup. Using Image for Linux is very similar, so, if
you prefer Linux, you can create the Image for Linux boot media and use it to
restore. For more information on either product, see their respective manuals.
The information about using Image for Windows to restore an image follows the
information about using Image for DOS. So, read the section appropriate to your
situation.
Before you dive into restoring an image, consider the size of the target location
where you plan restore the image. The target must be large enough to
accommodate the data from the source partition. The minimum amount of space
Image needs to restore an image in the target location equals the amount of space
encompassed from the beginning of the source partition to the last used area of the
source partition. For example, suppose that the source partition had 2 GB of data
and the last part of that data ended 15 GB from the beginning of the source
partition. In this case, the target area needs to be at least 15 GB in size, regardless
of the overall size of the source partition.
If the target is larger than the source partition, there will be an area of free space
left over unless you use the “Resize After Restore” option or perform the restore via
command line using the /X parameter as explained later in this manual.
Also, please remember the following.
* If your computer contains more than one CD/DVD drive and you are restoring
using Image for DOS from a CD/DVD disc, please make sure that you insert

your Image for DOS bootable disc in one CD/DVD drive and no other CD/DVD
drive contains a bootable disc.
* Since the hard drive order during the boot process may be different than it is
while Windows is running, you may need to press a key when prompted to
access the Image for DOS menu that will allow you to select the appropriate
drive from which to restore.
Restoring a Backup with Image for DOS

You run Image for DOS by creating bootable media (CD/DVD disc, USB flash drive,
floppy diskette) that contains the Image for DOS program. Then, you simply use the
Image for DOS boot media to boot the computer containing the drive that you want
to back up or restore. Once the computer boots, Image for DOS automatically
starts.
Creating a Bootable Image for DOS Disc

In Windows, you can create the Image for DOS boot media using the MakeDisk
utility. MakeDisk is included when you download Image for DOS or Image for
Windows.
Follow these steps to use the MakeDisk utility to create the Image for DOS boot
media:
Note: These steps assume that you installed the optional “Image for DOS Recovery
Disk” component during Image for Windows setup; if you did not, re-run the Image
for Windows setup and select the component on the Additional Components
window. If you also select the Create Image for DOS Recovery Disk option on the
Select Additional Tasks window, skip Step 1 below.
Image for DOS, Create Recovery Boot Disk. (This will trigger a UAC prompt in
Windows Vista and Windows 7 if UAC is enabled. Select to allow the program
to run.) The MakeDisk welcome screen appears.

2. Click Next on the MakeDisk welcome screen. The “License Agreement” screen
appears.
3. Read the Image for DOS license agreement, and if you accept it, select the “I
accept the agreement” button and click Next to display either the “Device and
Checkbox Options” screen shown below or the “Select the optional
components” screen.

Note: If you don’t have a copy of IFD and a pre-existing copy of IFD.INI, the “Select
the optional components” screen doesn’t appear. If you do have a copy of IFD.INI in
the folder where MAKEDISK.EXE resides, you can select the “IFD.INI file from local
directory” option on the “Select the optional components” screen to include that file
in the Image for DOS boot media, and then click Next to display the “Select
Options” screen shown above.
Enable the desired options on the “Device and Checkbox Options” screen:
* ATAPI DMA (PATA) – If your PATA CD/DVD drive supports ATAPI DMA,
enabling this option dramatically speeds up the process of reading from and
writing to the CD/DVD drive. This option will not work with some drives;
therefore, if you enable this option and have problems using your CD/DVD
drive with Image for DOS, recreate the boot media and leave the option
disabled.
* Disable SATA – Image for DOS includes low level support for SATA when
the SATA controller is configured in AHCI mode. If the BIOS doesn’t provide
enough information to allow Image for DOS to identify the SATA drives
when Image for DOS takes control of the SATA drives, Image for DOS may
default to using the BIOS drive; in this case, the system will hang until the
BIOS returns control (if ever). If you experience hangs and/or the inability to
access a hard drive without an error message, recreate the boot media with
the Disable SATA checkbox checked.
* Disable SATA Bias – Because some systems have no support whatsoever

to match BIOS and SATA drives (see paragraph above), Image for DOS
employs a special matching routine to try to identify the BIOS drives that
relate to each SATA drive. In some cases, Image for DOS might
inadvertently match a BIOS drive to a SATA drive incorrectly. If you
experience such an issue, recreate the boot media with the Disable SATA
Bias checkbox checked.
* USB 1.1 (UHCI) – If you need USB 1.1 (UHCI) support for older systems
that don’t support USB 2.0, enable this option. In addition, some new
systems require this option or the USB port will hang and Image for DOS
won’t detect any USB devices. USB 2.0 support is always enabled
regardless of this option.
* Correct USB Hang (1) – If you experience problems with USB devices
hanging, you can enable this option to attempt to correct it. This option can
degrade USB IO performance.
* Correct USB Hang (2) – If you experience problems with USB devices
hanging, you can enable this option to attempt to correct it. This option can
degrade USB IO performance.
* Disable Checkbox Selection – Disables the use of check boxes to select

partitions and makes partition selection function the same as previous
versions.

4. Click Next, and the “Global Geometry and MBR Options” screen appears.
Check boxes to enable the options:
* Disable Global Geometry - Check this box to disable the global geometry
settings and revert to using program defaults or drive specific overrides
equivalent to versions prior to 2.52.
* Disable Align MBR for BIOS Auto Mode - This option is enabled by
default to prevent problems with unaligned partitions on systems with their
BIOS using Auto Mode. Many newer systems use auto mode by default,
and some even don't have an option to turn it off. Check the box if you
want to disable this option. This is equivalent to enabling the individual
overrides Align MBR Ending HS and Align MBR HS when Truncated.
However, you can disable this option by checking the box.
* Align Partitions at 2KiB - This option provides a convenient way to enable

2048 sector alignment for all drives. This is popular with users of SSD type
drives. It is the equivalent to enabling the individual overrides Use 2048
Sector Alignment, Align MBR Ending HS, Align MBR HS when Truncated,
and disabling Align on End.
* Assume Same Target System – Enable this option to prevent problems

where users restore an image from another system to a drive that will be put
back in the other system. For example, the hard drive from PC-A is backed
up; PC-B is used to restore to a new hard; that new drive is placed back in
PC-A. Without this option enabled, Image for Windows would setup the
partition to properly boot on the hard drive for PC-B which can sometimes
(not always) be a problem when the hard drive is going back to PC-A. This
option solves that and is equivalent to the individual Use MBR Geometry
override.

* Use Source Host Geometry - This option is the global equivalent to the
individual Use Original Geometry override.
* Disable Validate Geometry Before Use - This option is enabled by default

and used to ensure that the geometry from the MBR on the original system
is aligned to known standards before accepting it for use. It only applies
when Assume Same Target System is enabled. Check this box to disable
this option.
* Use Windows 7 MBR – Windows 7 has tied the MBR code to the kernel
loader such that a normal standard MBR may not allow Windows 7 to boot
on certain machines. Enable this option to have Image for DOS use
Windows 7 compatible MBR code as the standard MBR code.
5. Click Next, and the “Additional IFD.INI Options” screen appears. Most of the
options needed to use Image for DOS are set for you by default, but you can
use this screen to set additional options. For example, you might want to use
the TimeZone variable to identify your time zone for Image for DOS, as shown
in the figure below. For a complete list of available environment variables, see
the section titled “Image for DOS Environment Variables” in the Image for DOS
manual.
6. Click Next, and the License/Product Key screen appears. If you own a licensed
copy of Image for DOS, supply your serial number.

7. Click Next, and the “Select Target” screen appears. Choose the target that
MakeDisk should use to create the bootable Image for DOS media.
You can create a bootable USB flash drive with MakeDisk as long as the USB flash
drive is not larger than 64 GB.
* If you choose the “ISO File” option, also supply an ISO file name in the box
provided.

* If you choose the “3 ½ Floppy” option, be sure to insert a floppy diskette
before proceeding. The entire contents of this floppy diskette will be
overwritten.
* If you choose the “CD/DVD” option, be sure to insert a writable CD or DVD

disc before proceeding. The entire contents of this disc will be overwritten.
MakeDisk can automatically overwrite CD-RW, and DVD+RW media. However, if

you wish to use DVD-RW media, it must be either brand new or fully blanked before
being processed by MakeDisk. To fully blank the DVD-RW media, use your burning
software’s “full erase” function. (The “quick erase” function will not work for this
purpose.)
* If you select a USB flash drive (UFD), you also must select the USB Mode
to use: Normal, Floppy, Partition, or Partition Ex—whichever works on your
computer; your computer’s BIOS determines which option works.
Normal – Creates a 1.44 MB floppy diskette image on the UFD. Any

additional space on the UFD (beyond the floppy image size) is not
available for use. Think of this option as if MakeDisk were formatting the
UFD to be a 1.44 MB floppy. If you were to view the UFD in Windows,
the drive would appear to be 1.44 MB, even though it might have
originally been a 4 GB drive. The UFD is formatted as FAT.
Floppy – The entire UFD is created as a big floppy. If you were to view
a 4 GB UFD created using this option in Windows, you’d see free space
beyond the amount used by MakeDisk up to the size of the drive. This
free space is available to be used normally. If the UFD is 4GB or
smaller, it's formatted as FAT. Otherwise, it's formatted as FAT32.
Partition – The entire UFD is used as a single bootable partition. The

computer's BIOS will usually detect this type of UFD as a hard drive. Any
unused space on the UFD is available to be used normally. If the UFD is
4GB or smaller, it's formatted as FAT. Otherwise, it's formatted as
FAT32.
Partition Ex – This is the same as the Partition mode except that the
INT 13 Extension is used (this is required for some computers to boot a
UFD).
Note: More information on using UFD boot media can be found in this
TeraByte KB article.
8. Click Finish, and respond to subsequent prompts as necessary. MakeDisk will

then create the boot media or ISO image. When MakeDisk finishes, the
Success screen appears, as shown below.

9. Click Close on the MakeDisk Success screen.
* If you selected the “3½ Floppy”, “CD/DVD”, or “USB/SD” option in Step 7,

you can now use that media to boot and run Image for DOS.
* If you selected the “ISO File” option in Step 7, you will have to use CD/DVD
authoring software to create a bootable disc from the ISO file. (TeraByte’s
BurnCDCC utility can be used for this.)
Tip: Be sure to test your boot media to make sure that it works and you can see
backup images you made previously.

Navigating the Image for DOS Interface
After you boot your computer with your Image for DOS boot media, the main menu
of Image for DOS appears.
To select menu items in Image for DOS, use the arrow keys to select the desired
option and then press Enter to display the next screen. The Restore From and the
Restore Options screens contain sections of options; some of the options on the
Restore Options screen can be toggled on or off. Use the Tab key to move from
section to section. For options that you can toggle on and off, highlight the option
using the arrow keys and then use the space bar to toggle the option on or off, as
desired.
Image for DOS also makes wide use of accelerator keys. An accelerator key is an
individual letter that can be pressed (or pressed in combination with the Alt key) to
select an option or a menu item. In Image for DOS, accelerator keys are highlighted
in yellow.
How you use an accelerator key depends on the current location of the cursor; if it
is in the same section of the screen as the desired accelerator key, simply press the
applicable letter (i.e. the letter highlighted in yellow). If the cursor is in any other
section, press and hold the Alt key, and then press the applicable letter.
You can use the Esc key to move back to the previous menu. If you use the Esc
key in this manner, Image for DOS remembers the selections you have already
made throughout the Image for DOS session, in the event that you return to the
same screen.
Restoring the Backup

Insert your Image for DOS boot media into the appropriate drive or USB port and
boot your computer. Then, follow these steps:

1. On the Image for DOS Main Menu, select Restore.
2. On the Restore/Select screen that appears, select an option to determine how

Image for DOS handles the selection of the target drive and options:
* If you choose Automatic, Image for DOS attempts to choose the target
drive and options automatically using information stored in the backup
files. If Image for DOS cannot identify the target drive and options or you
don't accept the suggested target drive, Image for DOS will use the
Normal option and ask you to select the target drive and options.
* If you choose Normal, Image for DOS will ask you to select the target
drive and options.
Note: If you created a backup in Image for Linux or Image for Windows and restore
using Image for DOS, Image for DOS might not be able to use the Automatic option
because Image for DOS might not be able to match the disk signature in the
backup with the target disk on the machine to which you want to restore. In this
case, Image for DOS uses the Normal option, where you select the target drive and
options.
3. From the Restore From/Select File Access Method screen that appears,
select between the following options, which refer to the location where Image
for DOS should look for the backup file you want to restore:
* File (Direct) – This option allows you to look for image file(s) in a folder on a
hard drive that does not have a drive letter assigned to it by DOS.
* File (CD/DVD) – This option allows you to look for image file(s) on a CD or
DVD disc.
4. On the Restore From/Select Drive Interface screen that appears, select one
of the following options. These options refer to how Image for DOS should
attempt to access the hard drive or CD/DVD drive where your image is stored:
If you chose File (Direct) in Step 3, you can choose one of the following
options:
* BIOS – Locates and accesses drives using the system BIOS. Please note
that any problems or limitations inherent to the system BIOS will apply.
* BIOS (Direct) – Attempts to locate the hard drive using the system BIOS,
but then attempts to access it directly, bypassing the BIOS. This can
sometimes be helpful in cases where performance with the BIOS option is
very poor. In order to get the most out of this option when creating an
image, you should select a File (Direct)—rather than File (OS)—for the File
Access Method of as the target for restoring the image.
Use BIOS (direct) when you are going to be accessing SATA hard drives and
CD/DVD drives at any time during the Restore process.

* USB – Examines the attached USB controller, if any, for available hard
drives.
* IEEE1394 – Examines the attached IEEE 1394 controller, if any, for

available hard drives.
* Virtual Drive – Select this option if the backup resides on a virtual drive.
Use the screens that follow to navigate to and select the virtual drive
containing the backup.
If you chose File (CD/DVD) in Step 3, you can choose one of the following
options:
* ATAPI – Select this option if your CD/DVD drive is an ATAPI device, and
none of the other selections apply. This is the most common option.
* ASPI – Select this option if your CD/DVD drive will be accessed using an
ASPI layer. (You must supply the ASPI driver for this option to work.)
* USB2 – Select this option if your CD/DVD drive is attached to a USB 2

controller.
* IEEE1394 – Select this option if your CD/DVD drive is attached to an IEEE

1394 controller.
If your USB device does not appear at first, please try pressing the Esc key, waiting
a few seconds, and selecting the USB or USB2 option again.
5. Either the Restore From/Select File Drive screen shown in the following
figure or the Restore From/Select Target Drive screen appears, depending
on whether you are restoring from a hard drive or from CD/DVD discs. Select
the target CD/DVD drive or hard drive.
Note: If you select a hard drive, the Restore From/Select File Location on HD
screen appears. You can select a partition on the hard drive if it contains partitions;
otherwise, press Enter.

6. On the Restore From/File Name screen that appears, navigate to and select
the backup file you want to restore. If you select a file stored on a hard drive,
select either the entire drive or a partition to restore. The options you can set in
Step 9 change, depending on your choice here.
Note: If you select a differential backup to restore, you will be prompted to select
the related full backup file and you will have the option to restore in a single pass or
in multiple passes. If you stored your backup on CD/DVD’s, select the Multi Pass
option.
7. On the Restore To/Select Drive Interface screen that appears, select the
access method you wish to use for the source hard drive. The choices on this
screen are the same as the choices described under Step 4 if you chose File
(Direct).
8. On the Restore To/Select Target Drive screen that appears, select the hard
drive onto which you want to restore the image you selected in Step 6. Then,
select the partition on that drive. The partition you select will be deleted before
Image for DOS restores the image.
9. On the Restore Options screen that appears, select the options you want to
use while restoring. For an explanation of each option, see the next two
sections, “Image for DOS Restore Options for an Entire Drive” on Page 60 and
“

Image for DOS Restore Options for an Individual Partition” on Page 63.
10. On the Summary screen that appears, click Start when you are ready to begin
the restore process. During the restore process, a progress bar appears on-
screen. A message appears when Image for DOS finishes.
After you press Enter, the main menu for Image for DOS reappears. Select Exit
and, when prompted, remove the Image for DOS boot media and press Enter to
reboot your computer.
Note: Until you reboot, the operating system reflects the contents of the
drive/partition and file system in the state they were before you restored. Not
rebooting can cause data corruption. You can override the reboot prompt by
restoring using the command line /rb:0 switch, but do this only if you are an
advanced user and understand the potential ramifications of not rebooting.
Image for DOS Restore Options for an Entire Drive

You can set options to restore an image if you choose the Normal option instead of
the Automatic option on the Restore/Select screen. The options you can set while
restoring using Image for DOS depend on whether you restore an entire drive or a
partition. When you restore an entire drive, Image for DOS offers these options that
you can set:
Scale to Target – If you use this option when restoring an image, Image for DOS
restores the image proportionally to the target drive. For example, suppose that you
backed up a 250 GB hard drive and restored the image to a 500 GB hard drive. If
you use this option, you allow Image for DOS to double the size of the restored
image. This option only works for FAT, FAT32, NTFS, and EXT 2/3/4 file systems
and has no effect on images restored to hard drives using other file systems. You

cannot use this option in conjunction with the Scale to Fit option. If you
inadvertently enable both options, Scale to Fit will take precedence.
Scale to Fit – On FAT, FAT32, NTFS, or EXT 2/3/4 file systems, selecting this
option will make Image for DOS assume that the size of the original hard drive is
based on the location of the end of the last partition; Image for DOS then applies
the same scaling to the target hard drive. If any unpartitioned space existed at the
end of the source drive, that unpartitioned space won’t exist on the target drive after
you restore your image. This option has no effect on images restored to hard drives
using other file systems. You cannot use this option in conjunction with the Scale to
Target option. If you inadvertently enable both options, Scale to Fit will take
precedence.
Aligned Restore – If you select this option, Image for DOS will align each restored
partition to the beginning and end of a cylinder boundary. You may want to enable
this option if the target drive has a different geometry than the source drive. Disable
this option if you want the target drive to be configured identically to the source
drive.
Validate Before Restore – If you select this option, Image for DOS will validate the
image file(s) prior to restoring them, will perform internal consistency checks on the
backup file(s). If Image for DOS encounters an error during validation, Image for
DOS will abort the restore operation without overwriting the partition. If you select
this option, the overall processing time Image for DOS takes to restore the image
will increase, but you can restore the image with greater certainty that the restored
image will be reliable.
Validate Byte-for-Byte – If you select this option, Image for DOS will verify that
every byte in the source backup image file was written back to the drive correctly,
ensuring 100% accuracy. This option generally increases the processing time of the
overall backup operation, but is advisable to use where maximum reliability is
required.
Write Standard MBR Code – If you select this option, Image for DOS will install
standard master boot code to the Master Boot Record (MBR) after completing the
restore operation. The other portions of the MBR (i.e. the partition table, disk
signature(s), etc.) will not be affected. Otherwise, Image for DOS will install the
standard master boot code only when it appears that there is no existing boot code.
Update Boot Partition - This option updates any references to the restored
partition in the active boot partition on the target drive. This is useful for situations
where the boot partition differs from the system partition. However, you typically
wouldn't want to use this option if you're creating a copy of an existing partition you
want to keep, unless the target drive will be independent of the original drive. For
this to be useful, the active boot partition should already be on the target drive or
part of the same copy or restore operation.
Change Disk Signature –This option only applies to full drive restores. It allows
you to change the NT Signature restored to the target drive. This can be useful if
you plan on having both the original and restored hard drive in the same computer
at the same time; otherwise Windows may detect the duplicate signature and

modify it which may (depending on the OS) prevent the restored hard drive from
booting properly.
Ignore IO Errors – Under ordinary circumstances, if Image for DOS encounters a

bad sector on the target partition while restoring, Image for DOS will notify you
concerning the write error and give you the option to continue or abort. If you select
the Ignore IO Errors option, Image for DOS will ignore the error and continue.
Generally, you should select this option only if you need to restore to a target drive
that contains known bad sectors. On some systems, if you select this setting and
Image for DOS encounters bad sectors, there will be a significant delay as the
internal retry/recovery routine of the drive attempts to handle the bad sector(s). In
addition, some systems may hang if the BIOS option is used to access the source
drive. In such cases, try using the BIOS (Direct) option instead.
Assume Original HD – If you select this option, Image for DOS will keep
references to the source hard drive number intact within the partitions that have
been restored to the target. If you do not select this option and the target drive
number differs from that of the source drive, applicable drive references residing
within the restored partitions will be updated to reflect the new hard drive number.
This option has no effect if you are restoring to a target drive whose number
matches that of the source drive. If you are restoring to a target drive whose
number differs from that of the source drive, but you plan to subsequently move the
target drive so that its number matches the source drive again, enabling this option
can be beneficial.
Disable Auto Eject – This option prevents Image for DOS from automatically
opening the optical drive tray. If you don’t select this option, Image for DOS will
open the drive tray whenever a disc is needed and at the completion of the restore
operation.
Reboot when Completed – Select this option to reboot your computer after
completing the operation you selected on the opening screen of Image for DOS—
Backup, Restore, or Copy.
Shutdown when Completed – Select this option to shut down your computer after
Log Results to File – Select this option to make Image for DOS log the date and
time it completes the restore operation. Image for DOS saves the log as IFD.LOG
in the IMAGE.EXE program directory. To be able to save IFD.LOG, Image for DOS
must be running from a writable medium such as a non-write-protected floppy
diskette or UFD. You can use the /logfile or LogFile options to specify an alternate
location for IFD.LOG.
First Track Sectors – This text box allows you to specify how many sectors of the
first track of the hard drive should be restored. If you enter AUTO in this box, the
tracks needed for the EMBR will be restored. If you aren’t sure, type AUTO in this
box.

Image for DOS Restore Options for an Individual Partition
When you restore an individual partition, Image for DOS offers these options that
you can set:
Set Active – If you select this option, Image for DOS will make the restored
partition the active partition after completing the restore operation. Otherwise,
Image for DOS will make the restored partition active only if no other partition is
active and the target drive is HD0.
Update BOOT.INI – When you select this option, Image for DOS will update all
partition(w) entries in the boot.ini file found in the restored location to point to itself.
This can be useful when restoring Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, and
Windows 2003 operating systems to a new drive or location.
Write Standard MBR Code – If you select this option, Image for DOS will install
standard master boot code to the Master Boot Record (MBR) after completing the
restore operation. The other portions of the MBR (i.e. the partition table, disk
signature, etc.) will not be affected. Otherwise, Image for DOS will install the
standard master boot code only when it appears that there is no existing boot code.
Restore Disk Signature – This option applies when you restore a partition that had
been assigned a drive letter within Windows prior to being backed up. If you select
this option, Image for DOS will restore the disk signature associated with the source
partition. If you don’t select this option, Image for DOS will use the disk signature
already present in the MBR of the target drive; if none exists, Image for DOS will
create one. If you are restoring a partition that had been assigned a drive letter in
Windows and you wish to keep that drive letter assignment, select this option.
Restore First Track – Whenever you back up any partition, Image for DOS also
backs up the first track of the source hard drive. If you select this option, Image for

DOS will restore the first track, which includes the master boot code and the disk
signature. This enables you to restore the MBR/EMBR.
Validate Before Restore – If you select this option, Image for DOS will validate the
image file(s) prior to restoring them. If Image for DOS encounters an error during
validation, Image for DOS will abort the restore operation without overwriting the
target.
Validate Byte-for-Byte – If you select this option, Image for DOS will verify that
every byte in the source backup image file was written back to the drive correctly,
overall backup operation, but is advisable to use where maximum reliability is
required.
Ignore IO Errors – Under ordinary circumstances, if Image for DOS encounters a

bad sector on the target drive while restoring an image, Image for DOS will notify
you concerning the write error and give you the option to continue or abort. If you
select the Ignore IO Errors option, Image for DOS will ignore the error and continue.
Generally, you should select this option only if you need to restore to a target drive
that contains known bad sectors. On some systems, if you select this setting and
Image for DOS encounters bad sectors, there will be a significant delay as the
internal retry/recovery routine of the drive attempts to handle the bad sector(s). In
addition, some systems may hang if the BIOS option is used to access the source
drive. In such cases, try using the BIOS (Direct) option instead.
Move to Original MBR Entry – If you select this option, Image for DOS will move
the partition table entry of the restored partition to the same location in the master
partition table as it had on the source drive. Image for DOS will also move the
existing partition table entry to another location rather than overwrite it. You may
want to enable this option if you use an environment that tracks master partition
table entries, such as Linux.
Assume Original HD – If you select this option, Image for DOS will keep
can be beneficial.

Disable Auto Eject – This option prevents Image for DOS from automatically
opening the optical drive tray. If you don’t select this option, Image for DOS will
operation.
Reboot when Completed – Select this option to reboot your computer after
Shutdown when Completed – Select this option to shut down your computer after
Log Results to File – Select this option to make Image for DOS log the date and
time it completes the restore operation. Image for DOS saves the log as IFD.LOG
in the IMAGE.EXE program directory. To be able to save IFD.LOG, Image for DOS
must be running from a writable medium such as a non-write-protected floppy
diskette or UFD. You can use the /logfile or LogFile options to specify an alternate
location for IFD.LOG.
First Track Sectors – This text box allows you to specify how many sectors of the
first track of the hard drive should be restored. If you enter AUTO in this box, the
tracks needed for the EMBR will be restored. If you aren’t sure, type AUTO in this
box.
Resize After Restore – Currently available only for FAT, FAT32, NTFS, and EXT
2/3/4 partitions, you can use this text box to specify a new size for the restored
partition, bound by the Minimum and Maximum values specified by Image for DOS.
The units used here are mebibytes, abbreviated MiB. (Please refer to the section
titled Data Storage Size Unit Conventions at the beginning of this manual for
more information.)
Restoring a Backup with Image for Windows

You can use Image for Windows to restore an image as long as you are not trying
to restore the image to the copy of Windows you are currently using. Image for
Windows can restore images to partitions not in use. To use Image for Windows to
restore an image of a Windows installation when you have no other operating
systems available, you can:
* use Image for DOS, as described in the preceding two sections, or
* use Image for Linux, as described in the Image for Linux manual, or
* use the “PE Builder Plugin Installer” and create a Bart PE or other WinPE-based
bootable Windows CD/DVD that also contains Image for Windows. When you
boot your computer using this CD/DVD, you boot to a Windows preinstallation
environment state, where you can use Image for Windows to restore your
backup. Tutorials for creating a BartPE CD as well as other types of WinPE-
based media (e.g. TBWinPE) can be found on TeraByte’s website.

Note: The version of Image for Windows installed in the BartPE and other WinPE-
based media is a fully-functional product and you can use it to both back up and
restore.
Using Image for Windows in BartPE

The Image for Windows plugin for Bart's PE Builder enables you to run Image for
Windows in Bart's Preinstallation Environment (commonly referred to as BartPE).
Essentially, BartPE provides you with a core Windows environment separate from
your main Windows installation, allowing you to perform maintenance tasks you
would not be able to perform from within the primary Windows environment itself.
For example, running Image for Windows from BartPE will allow you to restore your
Windows partition—something you cannot do while your Windows partition is in
use. For more information on BartPE, please visit its home page.
Note: BartPE is a third-party product and is not included with Image for Windows. A
plug-in to install Image for Windows in BartPE is included with Image for Windows,
but, to obtain BartPE or to learn more about BartPE, please visit the BartPE home
page: http://www.nu2.nu/pebuilder/. You’ll also find a tutorial that guides you
through creating a BartPE boot disc that contains Image for Windows at
http://www.terabyteunlimited.com/howto/index.htm.
Before running Image for Windows in BartPE, you must first create the Image for
Windows plugin for BartPE as well as the BartPE CD/DVD itself. Fortunately, this is
a simple process. To create the Image for Windows BartPE plugin, follow these
steps:
PE Builder Plugin Installer. The PE Builder Plug-In installer window will
appear:
If you don’t find this shortcut on your system, run Image for Windows setup again,
being sure to select the component titled “PE Builder – PE plugin builder for
BartPE, VistaPE…”.
2. In the PE Builder Location text box, type in or navigate to the location

where you installed BartPE (i.e. the folder containing PEBUILDER.EXE). Your
path may differ from the one shown in the figure below.

3. If you are a registered user of Image for Windows, use the Product Key
section to supply your registration name and key in the corresponding text
boxes. Please note that the BartPE plugin installer does not validate your
registration information, so be sure to enter it correctly—copying and pasting is
recommended. The registration information you supply here will be copied to a
file named imagew.ini, which is used by the plugin so that you won’t be
prompted to enter your registration information each time you boot to the
BartPE environment and run Image for Windows.
4. By default, Image for Windows will not run when BartPE starts up. Select
the “Run Image for Windows automatically” option to make Image for Windows
run automatically when BartPE loads. You can also select to include the
TBIView, TBIMount, and TeraByte OSD Tool programs, if they are installed.
5. It is recommended to select the “Preserve key for writable media” option if

the PE build will be saved to writable media (such as a flash drive).
6. Click OK. The installer will copy the applicable files to a folder named
“plugin\ifwv2”, which will reside directly under the folder you specified in the
“PE Builder Location” text box. You should see a confirmation dialog when the
installer has finished:

Tip: If you wish, you may create/edit the IFW.INI file that resides in the
“plugin\ifwv2” folder to apply custom settings each time you run Image for Windows
under BartPE. Editing the IFW.INI file to include those settings stores them so that
you don’t have to enter them manually each time you run Image for Windows under
BartPE. Please refer to the section titled “Image for Windows INI File” for more
information.
7. Run Bart’s PE Builder to create the BartPE disc or .ISO file. The Image
for Windows plugin is enabled by default.
If you need a utility to burn an .ISO file to disc, try TeraByte Unlimited's free BurnCDCC
utility. You can install BurnCDCC as an optional component during Image for Windows
setup or you can download it separately and install it.
If you are running Image for Windows in BartPE and an attached USB drive does
not appear, try closing and then restarting Image for Windows.
Using Image for Windows to Restore an Image

To use Image for Windows to restore an image, run Image for Windows in Windows
or run it by booting your computer from the BartPE media. Then, follow these steps:
2. On the Image for Windows Welcome window, select Restore (Automatic) or

Restore (Manual).
* If you choose Automatic, Image for Windows attempts to choose the

target drive and options automatically using information stored in the
backup files. If Image for Windows cannot identify the target drive and
options or you don't accept the suggested target drive, Image for Windows
will use the Normal option and ask you to select the target drive and
options.
* If you choose Normal, Image for Windows will ask you to select the target
drive and options.
Note: If you created a backup in Image for DOS or Image for Linux and restore
using Image for Windows, Image for Windows might not be able to use the

Automatic option because Image for Windows might not be able to match the disk
signature in the backup with the target disk on the machine to which you want to
restore. In this case, Image for Windows uses the Normal option, where you select
the target drive and options.
3. Click Next. In the window that appears, select the drive letter or device that
contains the image you want to restore.
Note: If the device containing the image is a device that Image for Windows doesn’t
display, just highlight any Windows drive and continue to the next step.

4. Click Next. At the top of the window that appears next, if necessary, open the
list of drives and select the external drive containing the image to restore or
click the Windows/Network Browse button to navigate to the drive; you can use
UNC paths. Then, select the name of the image file you want to restore, which
Image for Windows displays in the Filename box at the bottom of the window.
Note: If you select a differential backup to restore, you will be prompted to select
the related full backup file.

5. Click Next. In the window that appears, select the drive or partition to restore.

6. Click Next. In the window that appears, select the drive or partition where you
want to restore the backup file.
You can select a drive, partition or virtual drive and click the Information button to
view the number of MiB used, free, and needed to restore.
You can select a drive and click the Geometry button to set the geometry for the
target drive. Read more about this function in the “Geometry Settings” section
below.
If you select a free space partition, you can click the Create Extended button to
create an extended partition and restore the backup to that partition.
You can use Image for Windows to back up to or restore from a virtual drive used in
conjunction with VirtualPC or VMWare. To add a virtual drive while working in
Image for Windows, click the Add Virtual Drive button to display an Open dialog
box. In the File name box, type the name of the virtual drive you want to add and
click Open. If the virtual drive name you type doesn’t exist, Image for Windows
displays a message asking if you want to create a file for the virtual drive. Click Yes,
and Image for Windows displays a dialog box where you can define the type and
size of the virtual drive. You can specify the size in bytes by including no letters. Or,
you can specify the size in Mebibytes by supplying an M or in Gibibytes by
supplying a G.
You can create one of five types of drives:

* RAW - Fixed Size creates a plain (raw) file as the virtual drive. Its size is fixed
and allocated with zeros on creation.
* VHD - Dynamic Expanding creates a VirtualPC Dynamic Expanding virtual hard

drive. These types of virtual drives append data to the file as you add data to the
* VHD - Fixed Size creates a VirtualPC Fixed Size virtual hard drive. These types
of virtual drives allocate data for the file when its created and the file size does not
change.
* VMDK - Monolithic Sparse (IDE) creates a VMWare Sparse IDE virtual hard
drive. These types of virtual drives append data to the file as you add data to the
* VMDK - Monolithic Sparse (SCSI) creates a VMWare Sparse SCSI virtual hard
drive. These types of virtual drives append data to the file as data is added to the
7. Click Next. A message appears, warning you that Image for Windows will
overwrite the selected partition and all data currently in the selected partition
will be lost.

8. Click Yes. In the window that appears, set the options you want Image for
Windows to use during the restore operation. See the section, “Image for
Windows Restore Options” on Page 77 for an explanation of each option.
If you click No, Image for Windows switches back to a Normal restore operation,
where you select the target drive and partition as well as restore options.
9. If you are restoring from CD/DVD discs, insert the first disc in the backup set.
begin the restore process. A progress bar appears on-screen. You can
Note: If Image for Windows reports that it cannot obtain a lock, you’ll need to
restore using the Image for DOS or Image for Linux recovery boot disk, or using
Image for Windows from a preinstallation environment disc such as Bart PE as
mentioned earlier.

Geometry Settings
When you use the Restore (Normal) option, you can use the Geometry Override
settings to set alignment options as well as a specific Cylinder (C), Head (H), or
Sector (S) to use for a given drive. In addition to manually entering the values, you
can select the Use Original Geometry option to have Image for Windows use the
geometry from the backup image.
You’ll need the CHS option when the geometry assigned by Windows to a given
drive does not match the BIOS geometry for the drive. This situation occurs most
often when you attach a hard drive from another machine to the USB port to restore
the image.
C – Last Cylinder (0 to 1023)
H – Last Head (0 to 254)
S – Sectors per Track (1 to 63)
Use MBR Geometry – Use drive geometry based on the MBR entry of the first
partition in the backup file. This is useful when restoring to a drive on a machine
separate from where the drive will ultimately be booted.
Validate MBR Geometry - This option is used to ensure that the geometry from the
MBR is aligned to known standards before accepting it for use. It only applies when
Use MBR Geometry is enabled.

Use Original Geometry – Use the drive geometry saved in the backup file as
opposed to the drive geometry of the machine where you’re restoring the backup.
Note: Suppose that you move a drive from Machine A to Machine B and then back
up Machine A’s drive using Machine B. If you then restore this backup and select
the Use Original Geometry option, Image for Windows restores the backup using
the geometry from Machine B.
Align on End – Use this option to make Image for Windows align restored
partitions at the end of a cylinder or at the end of a 2048 sector boundary if you also
enable the “Use 2048 Sector Alignment” option.
Align End by Resizing – Use this option to make Image for Windows align both
the beginning and end of a partition by resizing. This option works only on partitions
that Image for Windows can resize.
Use 2048 Sector Alignment – Use this option to make Image for Windows align
restored partitions based on 2048 sectors.
Align MBR Ending HS – Use this option to make Image for Windows force a
restored partition’s ending head and sector values in the MBR to match the current
geometry.
Align MBR HS when Truncated – Use this option to make Image for Windows set
a restored partition’s head and sector values in the MBR to match the current
geometry when it is located outside the range of the current geometry.
Use Global Settings – When enabled the global geometry settings apply.
Save as Default – Select this option to save the current settings to the IFW.INI
file as the defaults.

Image for Windows Restore Options
During the restore process, you can set a variety of options, shown in the figure
below.
Validate Before Restore – If you select this option, Image for Windows will validate
the image file(s) prior to restoring them and perform internal consistency checks on
the backup file(s). If Image for Windows encounters an error during validation,
Image for Windows will abort the restore operation without overwriting the partition.
If you select this option, the overall processing time Image for Windows takes to
restore the image will increase, but you can restore the image with greater certainty
that the restored image will be reliable.
that every byte in the source backup image file was written back to the drive
correctly, ensuring 100% accuracy. This option generally increases the processing
time of the overall backup operation, but we advise you use this option where
maximum reliability is required.
Assume Original HD – If you select this option, Image for Windows will keep

can be beneficial.
of the restore operation. By default, Image for Windows saves the log as IFW.LOG
in the IMAGEW.EXE program folder. You can use program settings or the /logfile or
LogFile options to specify an alternate location for IFW.LOG. Note that Image for
Windows must be able to write to the specified folder to save the log.
Disable Auto Eject – This option prevents Image for Windows from automatically
opening the optical drive tray. If you don’t select this option, Image for Windows will
operation.
Move to Original MBR Entry – If you select this option, Image for Windows will
move the partition table entry of the restored partition to the same location in the
master partition table as it had on the source drive. Image for Windows will also
move the existing partition table entry to another location rather than overwrite it.
You may want to enable this option if you use an environment that tracks master
partition table entries, such as Linux.
Set Active – If you select this option, Image for Windows will make the restored
partition the active partition after completing the restore operation. Otherwise,
Image for Windows will make the restored partition active only if no other partition is
active and the target drive is HD0.
Write Standard MBR Code – If you select this option, Image for Windows will
install standard master boot code to the Master Boot Record (MBR) after
completing the restore operation. The other portions of the MBR (i.e. the partition
table, disk signature, etc.) will not be affected. Otherwise, Image for Windows will
install the standard master boot code only when it appears that there is no existing
boot code.
Ignore IO Errors – Under ordinary circumstances, if Image for Windows

encounters a bad sector on the target drive while restoring an image, Image for
Windows will notify you concerning the write error and give you the option to
continue or abort. If you select the Ignore IO Errors option, Image for Windows will
ignore the error and continue. Generally, you should select this option only if you
need to restore to a target drive that contains known bad sectors. On some
systems, if you select this setting and Image for Windows encounters bad sectors,
there will be a significant delay as the internal retry/recovery routine of the drive
attempts to handle the bad sector(s).
Restore First Track – Whenever you back up any partition, Image for Windows
also backs up the first track of the source hard drive. If you select this option, Image
for Windows will restore the first track, which includes the master boot code and the
disk signature. This enables you to restore the MBR/EMBR.

Restore Disk Signature – This option applies when you restore a partition that had
been assigned a drive letter within Windows prior to being backed up. If you select
this option, Image for Windows will restore the disk signature associated with the
source partition. If you don’t select this option, Image for Windows will use the disk
signature already present in the MBR of the target drive; if none exists, Image for
Windows will create one. If you are restoring a partition that had been assigned a
drive letter in Windows and you wish to keep that drive letter assignment, select this
option.
Change Disk Signature –This option only applies to full drive restores. It allows
you to change the NT Signature restored to the target drive. This can be useful if
you plan on having both the original and restored hard drive in the same computer
at the same time; otherwise Windows may detect the duplicate signature and
modify it which may (depending on the OS) prevent the restored hard drive from
booting properly.
Update BOOT.INI – When you select this option, Image for Windows will update all
partition(w) entries in the boot.ini file found in the restored location to point to itself.
This can be useful when restoring Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, and
Resize After Restore – Currently available only for FAT, FAT32, NTFS, and EXT
2/3/4 partitions, you can use this text box to specify a new size for the restored
partition, bound by the Minimum and Maximum values specified by Image for
Windows. The units used here are mebibytes, abbreviated MiB. (Please refer to the
section titled Data Storage Size Unit Conventions at the beginning of this manual
for more information.)

Validating Backups with Image for Windows
You can use Image for Windows to validate backups at the time you create them
and also before you restore a backup. You also can validate a backup at any time
using the instructions provided below.
When you validate a backup, Image for Windows performs internal consistency
checks on the backup file(s), helping to ensure that the backup will be reliable if you
need to restore from it.
Tip: You should consider validating your backup images using your Image for DOS,
Image for Linux, or BartPE/WinPE recovery media to make sure that you can see
your backups while working in the recovery environment.
Validating a Backup
When you use the steps that follow to validate a backup, Image for Windows
performs a standard validation, not the byte-for-byte validation that provides a more
intense scrutiny of a backup file. You can perform a byte-for-byte validation only as
part of a backup operation. See the section, “Setting Backup Options” on Page 37
for details on a byte-for-byte validation.

2. On the Image for Windows Welcome window, select Validate.

3. Click Next. Image for Windows searches your network for resources that might
contain backup files. In the window that appears, select the hard drive,
partition, or virtual drive containing the image you want to validate.
Note: If you want to validate an image stored on a device that Image for Windows
doesn’t display, just highlight any Windows Drive and continue to the next step.

4. Click Next. In the window that appears, select the file you want to validate. At
the top of the window, open the list of drives and select the drive containing the
image file you want to validate. If you stored the file on a drive Image for
Windows doesn’t display or on network drive, you can click the
Windows/Network Browse button to navigate to the drive. After you select the
file, the name of the file appears in the Filename box at the bottom of the
window.
5. Click Next. In the window that appears, select the drive or partition(s) to
validate. Click Next. Set the options you want Image for Windows to use while
validating. See the next section, “Understanding Validation Options” on Page
84 for an explanation of these options.
6. If you are validating from CD/DVD discs, make sure the first disc is inserted.
begin the validation process. A progress bar appears on-screen. You can
interrupt the operation at any time by clicking Cancel or pressing the Esc key.
Image for Windows will ask you to confirm that you want to cancel before it
interrupts the operation.
Windows successfully validated the selected backup. You can click Close.

Understanding Validation Options
You can set two options when you validate an image:
of the validation operation. Image for Windows saves the log as IFW.LOG in the
directory where you installed Image for Windows. You can use program settings or
the /logfile or LogFile options to specify an alternate location for IFW.LOG. Note that
Image for Windows must be able to write to the specified folder to save the log.
Disable Auto Eject – This option prevents Image for Windows from automatically
opening the optical drive tray. If you don’t select this option, Image for Windows will
open the drive tray whenever a disc is needed and at the completion of the
validation operation.
Copying Partitions or Drives with Image for

Windows
You can use the Copy operation to place an copy of the contents of one partition or
drive on another partition or drive. Suppose, for example, that you have a hard drive
all set up and configured just the way you want it, and you want to clone that setup
so that you can place it in another computer. You can use the Copy operation.
Copying a Partition or Drive

Using the Copy operation, Image for Windows makes a sector-by-sector copy of the
used areas of the partition or drive you select and places that copy on the partition
or drive you designate, overwriting any information stored on the target location. If
the partition or drive you copy is a bootable partition or drive, the copy will also be
bootable.
Note: Unless you copy an entire drive, Image for Windows does not automatically
set the copy as the active boot partition unless you select the Set Active option.
To create a copy of a partition or drive, follow these steps:

2. On the Image for Windows Welcome window, select Copy.

3. Click Next. In the window that appears, select the hard drive, partition, or
virtual drive that you want to copy.

4. Click Next. In the window that appears, select the partition or drive where you
want to save the copy.
5. Click Next. Image for Windows displays a warning that indicates that all data in
the partition or on the drive that you selected in Step 4 will be overwritten and
lost.

6. Click Yes to display the Options window. See “Understanding Copy Options”
for a detailed description of each option.
7. Select any options you want to use and click Next.

8. On the Summary screen that appears, click Start when you are ready to begin
the Copy process. A progress bar appears on-screen. You can interrupt the
operation at any time by clicking Cancel or pressing the Esc key. Image for
Windows will ask you to confirm that you want to cancel before it interrupts the
operation.
Windows created the copy successfully. You can click Close.
Understanding Copy Options

Copy Unused Sectors – By default, Image for Windows copies only sectors in use.
If you select this option, Image for Windows will copy all sectors on a partition or
drive, regardless of whether they contain data. For entire drive copies, this option
causes a raw sector by sector backup (and later restore) of the entire drive without
regard to any partitions or adjustments. NOTE: This option will cause Validate
Byte-for-Byte to fail if PHYLock is used (VSS is not allowed). This option also
causes Image for Windows to ignore the Omit Page File Data and Omit Hibernation
Data options.
Omit Page File Data – Selected by default, this option eliminates page file data
from the copy process.
Omit Hibernation Data – Selected by default, this option eliminates hibernation

data from the copy process.
that every byte in the source location was written to the target location correctly,
overall operation, but we advise you use this option where maximum reliability is
required.
Assume Original HD – If you select this option, Image for Windows will keep
been copied to the target location. If you do not select this option and the target
drive number differs from that of the source drive, applicable drive references
residing within the restored partitions will be updated to reflect the new hard drive
number. This option is useful when copying Linux partitions.
Reboot When Completed – Selecting this option tells Image for Windows to reboot
the computer after completing the Copy operation.
Aligned Copy – If you select this option, Image for Windows will align each copied
partition to the beginning and end of a cylinder boundary. You may want to enable
this option if the target drive has a different geometry than the source drive. Disable
this option if you want the target drive to be configured identically to the source
drive.
Scale to Target – If you use this option when copying a disk or partition, Image for
Windows copies the image proportionally to the target drive. For example, suppose
that you want to copy a 250 GB hard drive to a 500 GB hard drive. If you use this

option, you allow Image for Windows to double the size of the copy. This option
only works for FAT, FAT32, NTFS, and EXT 2/3/4 file systems and has no effect on
copies made to hard drives using other file systems. You cannot use this option in
conjunction with the Scale to Fit option. If you inadvertently enable both options,
Scale to Fit will take precedence.
Scale to Fit – On FAT, FAT32, NTFS, EXT 2/3/4 file systems, selecting this option
will make Image for Windows assume that the size of the original hard drive is
based on the location of the end of the last partition; Image for Windows then
applies the same scaling to the target hard drive. If any unpartitioned space exists
at the end of the source drive, that unpartitioned space won’t exist on the target
drive after you restore your image. This option has no effect on copies made to
hard drives using other file systems. You cannot use this option in conjunction with
the Scale to Target option. If you inadvertently enable both options, Scale to Fit
will take precedence.
Ignore IO Errors – Under ordinary circumstances, if Image for Windows

encounters a bad sector on the target drive while copying, Image for Windows will
notify you concerning the write error and give you the option to continue or abort. If
you select the Ignore IO Errors option, Image for Windows will ignore the error and
continue. Generally, you should select this option only if you need to copy to a
target drive that contains known bad sectors. On some systems, if you select this
setting and Image for Windows encounters bad sectors, there will be a significant
delay as the internal retry/recovery routine of the drive attempts to handle the bad
sector(s).
Shutdown When Completed - Selecting this option tells Image for Windows to
shut down the computer after completing the Copy operation.
Update Boot Partition - This option updates any references to the copied partition
in the active boot partition on the target drive. This is useful for situations where the
boot partition differs from the system partition. However, you typically wouldn't want
to use this option if you're creating a copy of an existing partition you want to keep,
unless the target drive will be independent of the original drive. For this to be
useful, the active boot partition should already be on the target drive or part of the
same copy operation.
of the copy operation. By default, Image for Windows saves the log as IFW.LOG in
the IMAGEW.EXE program folder. You can use program settings or the /logfile or
LogFile options to specify an alternate location for IFW.LOG. Note that Image for
Windows must be able to write to the specified folder to save the log.
Move to Original MBR Entry – If you select this option, Image for Windows will
move the partition table entry of the copied partition to the same location in the
master partition table as it had on the source drive. Image for Windows will also
move the existing partition table entry to another location rather than overwrite it.
You may want to enable this option if you use an environment that tracks master
partition table entries, such as Linux.

Set Active – If you select this option, Image for Windows will make the copied
partition the active partition after completing the copy operation. Otherwise, Image
for Windows will make the copied partition active only if no other partition is active
and the target drive is HD0.
Write Standard MBR Code – If you select this option, Image for Windows will
install standard master boot code to the Master Boot Record (MBR) after
completing the copy operation. The other portions of the MBR (i.e. the partition
table, disk signature, etc.) will not be affected. Otherwise, Image for Windows will
install the standard master boot code only when it appears that there is no existing
boot code.
Copy First Track – If you select this option, Image for Windows will copy the first
track of the source hard drive, which includes the master boot code and the disk
signature. This enables you to restore the MBR/EMBR.
Copy Disk Signature – This option applies when you copy a partition that had
been assigned a drive letter within Windows. If you select this option, Image for
Windows will copy the disk signature associated with the source partition. If you
don’t select this option, Image for Windows will use the disk signature already
present in the MBR of the target drive; if none exists, Image for Windows will create
one. If you are copying a partition that had been assigned a drive letter in Windows
and you wish to keep that drive letter assignment, select this option.
Change Disk Signature – This option only applies to full drive copies. It allows
you to change the NT Signature copied to the target drive. This can be useful if you
plan on having both the original and restored hard drive in the same computer at
the same time; otherwise Windows may detect the duplicate signature and modify it
which may (depending on the OS) prevent the restored hard drive from booting
properly.
Update BOOT.INI – When you select this option, Image for Windows will update all
partition(w) entries in the boot.ini file found in the target location to point to itself.
This can be useful when copying Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, and
Resize After Copy – Currently available only for FAT, FAT32, NTFS, and EXT
2/3/4 partitions, you can use this text box to specify a new size for the copied
partition, bound by the Minimum and Maximum values specified by Image for
Windows. The units used here are mebibytes, abbreviated MiB. (Please refer to the
section titled Data Storage Size Unit Conventions at the beginning of this manual
for more information.)
Deploying Your Image

When you deploy an image, you restore it to a number of computers in an
organization. Therefore, the information in this section does not apply to most home
users.
Image for Windows does not change the SID of Windows NT/2000/XP/2003, Vista,
or Windows 7 systems. If you are using Image for Windows for deployment

purposes and want to change the SID for Windows you should use the MS sysprep
utility or you can download a free utility named NewSID.
You may want to set up the base machine so that the last partition ends at one
track less than the actual end of the hard drive (around 8 MB less) to leave room for
different brands or models of the same size hard drive.
You might also want to read the following information stored on the Terabyte
website:
http://www.terabyteunlimited.com/kb/article.php?id=033
See the following for more information on how to prepare for deployment for
Windows XP:
How to Use the Sysprep Tool to Automate Successful Deployment of Windows XP
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/302577
Windows XP How-to and Technical Article Resources
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb878149.aspx
Download for the Microsoft Windows XP SP1 Deployment Tools
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=7A83123D-507B-
4095-9D9D-0A195F7B5F69&displaylang=en
Download for the Microsoft Windows XP SP2 Deployment Tools
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/info.aspx?na=47&p=1&SrcDisplayLang=
en&SrcCategoryId=&SrcFamilyId=0c4bfb06-2824-4d2b-abc1-
0e2223133afb&u=details.aspx%3ffamilyid%3d3E90DC91-AC56-4665-949B-
BEDA3080E0F6%26displaylang%3den
Windows Vista:
http://technet2.microsoft.com/WindowsVista/en/library/2957d7c4-02c7-4205-
afb5-f03434d8f37d1033.mspx?mfr=true
See the following for an overview of Windows 7 Desktop Deployment:
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd939988(WS.10).aspx
Windows 2003 Server:
What is Sysprep?
http://technet2.microsoft.com/windowsserver/en/library/c03a5469-ef71-4545-
b970-ce2add5e715c1033.mspx?mfr=true

Download for the Microsoft Windows 2003 Server Sysprep Tool:
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=93F20BB1-97AA-
4356-8B43-9584B7E72556&displaylang=en
Windows 2000:
Download for the Microsoft Windows 2000 Sysprep Tool:
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=0C4BFB06-2824-
4D2B-ABC1-0E2223133AFB&displaylang=en
Using Sysprep to Duplicate Disks
http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/windows2000serv/reskit/deploy/
dgcb_ins_izyl.mspx?mfr=true
Windows NT:
Windows NT Workstation Deployment
http://www.microsoft.com/technet/archive/ntwrkstn/deploy/depopt/default.mspx
?mfr=true

Image for Windows Advanced Configuration
Options
Image for Windows offers a number of advanced configuration options. You can set
these options in a user-created IFW.INI file or using environment variables that
you include on the command line or in a batch file. You also can create a
services.ins file to control Windows services while working in Image for
Windows.
The way you run Image for Windows affects the way Image for Windows processes
advanced options. If you run Image for Windows using the menu interface as
described earlier in this manual, Image for Windows sets all options using
IFW.INI, and you can customize IFW.INI. If you also want to set environment
variables, store them in a batch file that you run prior to running Image for
Windows.
If you run Image for Windows from the command line as described in the section,
“Running Image for Windows from the Command Line,” Image for Windows
processes the command line switches and uses IFW.INI to process global default
options (but ignores all other options in IFW.INI) and finally processes any
environment variables you set. So, environment variables take precedence over
IFW.INI. The services.ins file functions independently and Image for
Windows will process it if it exists unless you include a switch to ignore
services.ins.
Image for Windows INI File

To apply settings to Image for Windows, you create a text file named IFW.INI
using a text editor such as Notepad. The default location for this file is the Image for
Windows program folder. For more advanced users, please note that Image for
Windows will search for this file in the following locations until found: the current
path, the system path, the program folder.
Settings you specify in IFW.INI need to be placed under a section name. For
details on the settings available, refer to Tables 1 to 8 in the section, “Running
Image for Windows from the Command Line.” A typical backup IFW.INI file might
look like this:
[Options]
SeqVolID=1
TimeZone=PST8PDT
[BACKUP_DEFAULTS]
PostValidate=2
[HD0]
UseOrgGeo=1

Tip: If you are manually using BartPE/WinPE and the Image for Windows plug-in,
you can use the [License] section of the imagew.ini file to automate entering your
Image for Windows product key using the format shown below. Use the “PE Builder
Plugin Installer” included with Image for Windows, to have this information entered
automatically.
[License]
key=username licensenumber
Image for Windows Environment Variables

You use the SET command to establish Image for Windows environment variables.
The format for Image for Windows environment variables is:
SET IFW=option1:value;option2:value;option3:value
You set all of the environment variables you can use with Image for Windows by
using the same options as you would use from the command line (not the INI
options). The command line options appear in the left column of Tables 1 to 8.
You can display a list of currently set environment variables from the command line
by typing the set command with no parameters. To remove an environment
variable, type the set command, the variable name, and an equal sign (=) followed
by no value. For example, to clear the IFW variable, type the following:
SET IFW=
Image for Windows File Path Variables

You use a set of special variables in the image file name path. The variables are
inserted in the file name path by using a special format of $~variablename$. The
available variable names are:
YYYY (four digit year), YY (two digit year), MM (two digit month), DD (two digit day
of month), DOY (three digit day of year), DOW (three character day of week),
HHMM (four digit hours and minutes), and VER for the program version, or any
variable name created by using the "savename" option..
For Example, the following variables would embed the 4-digit year, 2-digit month,
and 2-digit day in the image file name.
“Backup on $~YYYY$-$~MM$-$~DD$”
The "savename" option is useful when scheduling ongoing differential backups that
need to reference a full backup that is created using date based names as the
example above shows. For example, if you setup the full backup schedule using
the option "/savename:lastfullbackup" then you could reference it in the differential
as shown below:
"/base:$~lastfullbackup$"

Image for Windows and Windows Services
To control Windows services from within Image for Windows after PHYLock starts,
set up a file called services.ins. Place each service’s entry on a separate line
and save the file as a comma-separated values (CSV) file. You can set the
following parameters in the order listed on each line:
* Service name - the name of service to control
* The action to take before backing up - start/stop/pause/continue/none
* The number of milliseconds to wait before backing up – a value in milliseconds

that represents the maximum wait time for action completion
* The action to take after PHYLock starts - start/stop/pause/continue/none
* The number of milliseconds to wait after PHYLock starts - a value in

milliseconds that represents the maximum wait time for action completion
* The action to take after completing the backup - start/stop/pause/continue/none
* The number of milliseconds to wait after completing the backup - a value in

milliseconds that represents the maximum wait time for action completion
For example, suppose that you create a services.ins file that contains the
following string:
my service,stop,30000,none,,start,10000
Using this information, Image for Windows will stop the service named “my service”
before backing up, waiting up to 30000 milliseconds before backing up. In addition,
Image for Windows will take no action after PHYLock starts. After the backup
finishes, Image for Windows will restart “my service,” waiting a maximum of 10000
milliseconds after completing the backup.
Note: Image for Windows will process services.ins if it exists unless you include
the /ignsvc switch on the command line or the IgnoreServices parameter in the
IFW.INI file to ignore services.ins.

Running Image for Windows from the Command Line
You can run Image for Windows (IMAGEW.EXE) from the command line. Be sure to
separate the command line options with spaces or colons (:). When run under
Windows Vista or Windows 7, Image for Windows will trigger a UAC prompt if UAC
is enabled.
When running Image for Windows from the command line, you might need to
include references to hard drive numbers and/or partition IDs. To determine the
correct hard drive number or partition ID, complete Steps 1 through 4 in the section
“Creating a Full Backup,” making sure that you select the hard drive whose number
and/or partition IDs you need to obtain. The hard drive number will then appear in
the format “HD n” (e.g. “HD 0” or “HD 1”). The partition ID appears in parenthesis at
the end of each partition description and consists of either two or four characters. In
the figure, the first hard drive, HD 0, has two partitions, and their numbers, 01 and
02, appear in parentheses at the end of each partition’s description.
Note: Under certain configurations, hard drive numbers may be different under DOS
than they are under Windows or other environments.
The basic format for running Image for Windows from the command line is:
imagew [action] [options]
Valid values for [action] are:

B Backup
R Restore
Copy Copy
V Validate
L List partitions, optical drives, or file contents.
REBOOT Reboot system
When you specify command line options, you precede each option by typing the /
(slash) character.
For example, you might type the following at the command prompt to create a
backup using Image for Windows. The command specifies the source drive and
partition, the target drive and partition, and the backup filename.
imagew /b /d:0@0x01 /f:1@0x01:\mypath\filename
The first parameter, /b, identifies that you want to perform a backup.
The second parameter, /d:0, identifies the drive to back up. This example backs
up Hard Drive 0.
The next part of that parameter, @0x01, identifies the partition to back up on the
selected hard drive; this example backs up the first partition. If you want to back up
the entire drive, simply omit the part of the parameter that identifies the partition.
The third parameter, /f, identifies that you are about to specify where to store the
backup file. 1 identifies the target drive and @0x01 again identifies the partition; in
this example, Image for Windows will store the backup file on Hard Drive 1 in the
partition with ID 0x01. The information after @0x01 represents the path and file
name where you want to store the backup file. In this example, Image for Windows
stores the backup file in \mypath\filename.
To list partitions on a hard drive, you would type:
imagew /l /d:0 > filename.txt
In this example, /d:0 identifies hard drive 0 as the drive for which you want to list
partitions and > filename.txt indicates the file where Image for Windows will write
the list of partitions. You can add the /fs parameter to also list the free space for
each partition.
If you omit the /d parameter, Image for Windows lists all drives and partitions. You
can include /opt to list optical drives or use the /f parameter to list the partitions in a
given image backup file.

In Table 1, you find the global parameters you can set for Image for Windows
regardless of the action you set (backup, restore, validate, or copy).
The table shows you both the command line option and the INI file variable. In
some instances, both forms of the parameter are available; in other cases, only one
is available. When one form of an option isn’t available, N/A appears. To set up an
INI file, place these parameters in the [Options] section except as otherwise noted.
Table 1: Image for Windows Global Parameters

Command Line Option INI Variable
/uvl:0 VolumeLabels=0
Instructs Image for Windows to display the string found in the partition table of the
EMBR, if possible, rather than volume labels.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows will display volume labels, even if identifiers for
applicable partitions exist in the EMBR.
/seq SeqVolID=1
Instructs Image for Windows to assign ID numbers to volumes in sequential order rather
than random order.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows will assign ID numbers to the volumes in random
order.
/cb:n CheckBoxes=n
Determines if check boxes are used for partition selection.
0 = No, only a drive or single partition can be selected.
1 = Use individual checkboxes. Each partition has its own selection.
2 = Use linked checkboxes. Each partition has its own selection, but they are linked and
selection of an extended partition only selects the individual volumes.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows uses linked checkboxes.
/shownet:n ShowNetwork=n
Determines if the Entire Network option is available in the file location tree dialog box.
You'd use this option to disable the Entire Network option if searching the network for
servers and shares takes too much time.
0 = No.
1 = Yes.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows displays the Entire Network option.
/cdbins:n CDBIns=n
Determines which CD Boot Instruction file to use. 0=Image for DOS (cdboot.ifd),
1=Image for Linux (cdboot.ifl), 2=Custom (CDBOOT.INS).
Default if omitted: Image for DOS option is used.

/nocan NoCancel=1
Tells Image for Windows not to permit use of the F12 key to cancel the backup, restore,
validate, or copy operation once it has begun.
Default if omitted: You can use the F12 key to cancel the current operation.
/w7mbr Win7MBR=1
Windows 7 has tied the MBR code to the kernel loader such that a normal standard
MBR may not allow Windows 7 to boot on certain machines. This option tells Image for
Windows to use Windows 7 compatible MBR code as the standard MBR code. Note
that the .ini file value is not used on command-line based operations.
Default if omitted: A normal standard MBR is used.
/vn:filename,cr,type,sizeinmb VN=filename,cr,type,sizeinmb
Makes a virtual drive available for use by Image for Windows. n is a number between 0
and 9 you use to represent any of 10 virtual drives. If you reuse a number, Image for
Windows will replace the prior definition for that virtual drive.
You must define the virtual device before using it with other command line parameters
using one of two formats: a) Just include the file name of an existing virtual drive, or b)
Provide additional parameters after the filename using commas as shown in the sample
above.
For the cr parameter, use the letter C or the letter R. Using C tells Image for Windows to
create a new virtual drive if one doesn’t exist and using R tells Image for Windows to
recreate the virtual drive even if one already exists. Note that Image for Windows gives
no warning before recreating a virtual drive if you use R.
For the type parameter, use either raw, vhdd, vhdf, vmdk, vmdks, where raw is a plain
raw file that is allocated as the virtual drive, vhdd is a VirtualPC Dynamic Expanding file,
vhdf is a VirtualPC Fixed file, vmdk is a VMWare Monolithic Sparse IDE file, and vmdks
is a VMWare Monolithic Sparse SCSI file.
You can use a special form of the command line parameter to remove all references to
any defined virtual drives: “/v0:” (without the quotation marks). This special format is
useful when you want to override any Vn= references that may exist in an .INI file.
Default if omitted: No virtual drives are defined.
/kfb KeepFailedBackups=1
Prevents Image for Windows from deleting the backup created when the backup
operation fails.
Default if omitted: The backup created is deleted if the backup failed.
/logfile:”x:\path to\logfile.txt” LogFile=”x:\path to\logfile.txt”

Use this parameter to specify the path and filename of the log file. x is a drive letter, path
is the desired path, logfile (or log file) is the name of the log file, and txt is the file
extension of the log file name. Image for Windows doesn’t automatically add a file
extension. If you use paths and/or filenames with imbedded spaces, enclose them in

quotation marks.
The folder you specify for the log file must exist prior to performing an applicable
operation in Image for Windows. If the path does not exist, Image for Windows will not
create the specified log file.
Default if omitted: If logging has not been disabled with /log:0, a log named IFW.LOG is
created in the current directory of the operating environment.
/logmax:n LogMaxSize=n
Ensures the log file doesn't grow beyond the size n given. Once n is reached the data
from the top of the file is purged. Because of this, you typically don't want a large n
value.
Default if omitted: There is no size limit on the log file.
/logl:n LogLevel=n
Causes less or more information to be output to the log file. Use level 1 for errors only, 2
for warnings, 3 for status, 4 for information, 10 for debugging.
Default if omitted: Informational level logging is performed.
/ctf CreateTagFiles=1
Use this option to cause a file named #TBTAG# in the root of any copied or restored
partition with information about what program was used and when it was restored or
copied. Note that if this option was enabled during a restore or copy then later backed
up and restored with tagging disabled, the old tag file remains on the partition. In other
words, with this option off, it doesn't delete tag files on restored or copied partitions.
Default if omitted: No tag file is created.
/of:8 OFlags=8
Setting this bit oriented option to 8 will cause single partition and multiple partition
backups created to have the "restore first track" and "write standard mbr code" options
restricted upon restoring with version 2.62 or later. This is not an option for normal use.
Default if omitted: No restrictions are set.
/evlogl:n EventLogLevel=n
This option affects how Image for Windows writes to the Windows event log during
backup, restore, validation, and copy operations. Use one of the following values in
place of n:
0 – Disable all event logging
1 – Log errors only
2 – Log errors and warnings
3 – Log errors, warnings, and start/stop status
4 – Log errors, warnings, start/stop status, and information
Default if omitted: Image for Windows will log errors, warnings, and start/stop status to
the event log (equivalent to /evlogl:3).

/relax:n RelaxedMatching=n
Use this option when performing a differential backup to instruct Image for Windows to
relax some of the criteria it uses to determine the drive you used as the source during
the corresponding full backup. This option has no effect during full backup operations.
Use one of the following values in place of n:
1 – Enable relaxed criteria. Disk signature must match.
2 – Enable relaxed criteria and also ignore the disk signature.
Note: Specifying /relax is equivalent to /relax:1
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not relax the criteria it uses to detect the full
backup source drive.
/quit N/A
Use this option to cancel any operation before it occurs. Anything prior to the operation
beginning still occurs. This is useful for processing a global command line option
without bring up the user interface.
Default if omitted: The operation is not canceled.
/savename:varname N/A
This option is used to save the main file name used on a successful backup, restore or
validate operation to the registry. You can then use the varname given on this option as
a file path variable on the same computer. See "Image for Windows File Path Variables"
section for an example.
Default if omitted: No filename is saved to the registry.
/email:smtphost*from*to*subject*p*u*pw Email=smtphost*from*to*subject*p*u*pw
Use this option to have Image for Windows email the results of an operation. This
causes the email to be sent even if /log:0 is used. If the subject is omitted, Image for
Windows determines text for the subject. For full control of the subject line you need to
include a place holder ~ec~ which is replaced by the error code otherwise Image for
Windows appends the completion code text to the subject. The p, u, and pw values are
optional and relate to the port, user, and password that should be used. Port 25 is the
default SMTP port.
For example:
/email:smtp.mydomain.com*anybody@mydomain.com*it@mydomain.com
Default if omitted: No email is sent.
/po:n PerfOpt=n
This option is used to manually control various file caching options of Image for Windows
and Windows itself. The settings can have an impact on the overall performance and
can be used to fix some driver-based problems as well. The values for n can be as
follows and combined using addition:
0 Disable default cache settings used by Image for Windows

16 Disable Write Cache on Removable Drives (only applies if 257 not used)
32 Use smallest alignment (applies to 2.59 or later)
257 Use Windows Cache on Writes
514 Use Windows Cache on Reads
1028 Use Small Write cache on Backup
2056 Use Small Write cache on Restore
For example, users saving to an iPod may get an error "Unable to write data to file".
This can be fixed by using the /po:0 option (disabling the default option 16). Network
users may find some combination of values work better than what Image for Windows
determines to use itself.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows Disables Write Cache on Removable Drives (16)
and uses the other values as it sees fit.
/min N/A
Use this option to have Image for Windows minimize itself.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not automatically minimize itself.
/priority:n Priority=n
Use this option to have Image for Windows adjust its CPU priority when an operation
begins. The available options for n are: 0=Low, 1=Below Normal, 2=Normal, 3=Above
Normal, 4=High.
In addition, you can enable background mode by adding 8 to the previous values, for
example, 10=Normal CPU run in background mode. However, running in background
mode is VERY slow. For example, something that normally takes 30 seconds may take
10 minutes when Image for Windows is running in background mode.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not change the priority.
/login:\\server\share*user*password LogIn=\\server\share*user*password
Use this option to have Image for Windows attempt to automatically login to a share on a
server. This would typically be needed when Windows cannot automatically login to the
share for the user profile running Image for Windows.
Image for Windows also allows you to cache an encrypted password to the registry so a
clear-text password is not needed. When doing this it's important to use the same user
profile that will attempt to login when running Image for Windows because it can only be
decrypted by the user that created it.
Examples:
Store an encrypted password to the registry: /login:*ntdomain\user*password
Delete a cached encrypted password: /login:*ntdomain\user
Login using encrypted password: /login:\\server\share*ntdomain\user
Login using text password: /login:\\server\share*ntdomain\user*password

Tip: When storing a cached password you may want to use /log:0 to ensure it's not
logged to ifw.log and /quit if you don't need the user interface.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not attempt to manually login to a share.
/plur PHYLockUseReg=1
Use this option to obtain PHYLock settings from the registry instead of using those
stored in the ifw.ini file and/or set using environment variables.
Default if omitted: PHYLock uses INI and/or environment variables.
/ignsvc IgnoreServices=1
Use this option to tell Image for Windows to ignore the services.ins configuration
file.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows uses the services.ins file if it exists.
/usbign:n USBIgnoreMask=n
Use this option to hide certain USB host controllers. For example, if you have a USB
keyboard, Image for Windows might disable the keyboard when it takes control of the
USB2 host controller. Using this option, you can hide the host controller of that USB
keyboard and attach the USB keyboard to a different controller. It usually takes some
experimentation to determine which controller to hide, but the two USB ports next to
each other are usually controlled by the same host controller. To hide the first USB
controller, use /usbign:1, and to hide the second USB controller, use /usbign:2. To hide
the third USB controller, use /usbign:4. To hide both the first and second USB
controllers, use /usbign:3.
Note: Use a basic Bit Mask numbering scheme.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows takes control of all detected USB2 host
controllers.
/cbs:0 ClearBootStatus=0
Use this option to prevent Image for Windows from forcing Windows to assume a clean
shutdown on Windows 2008 R2/Vista/7. This applies to copy and restore only.
Default if omitted: Windows 2008 R2/Vista/7 boot status is cleared.
/phc:n PageHiberClear=n
This option is used to control how the default pagefile and hibernation file are treated
after being restored or copied when they have been omitted from the backup/copy. The
values are bit-based and can be one of the following values or a combination of the
following values added together:
1 – Clear the first 4096 bytes of the page file.
2 – Truncate page file to zero.
4 – Clear the first 8192 bytes of hibernation file.
8 – Truncate hibernation file to zero.

For example, to truncate the page file and clear the first 8192 bytes of the
hibernation file, use 6.
Default if omitted: The first 4096 bytes of the page file are cleared.
/fnts:0 ForceNTSig=0
When Image for Windows notifies Windows of changed partitions (see /noosn option)
during copy or restores, Windows may alter the disk signature if a disk with that
signature already exists. This can cause problems that will prevent the target disk from
booting Windows properly. To prevent this Image for Windows forces the disk signature
to the restored (copied) value even if another disk with the same signature exists.
However, if you disconnect and reconnect or delete/add partitions on the new drive,
Windows will once again alter the disk signature to prevent duplicates.
Setting this option to zero will prevent Image for Windows from ensuring the disk
signature is retained.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows will ensure the disk signature is restored even
when there are duplicates.
/msg:”my message” Message=”my message”

This option applies only to the console version of Image for Windows (IMAGEWC.EXE),
and not to the standard version (IMAGEW.EXE).
Use this option to specify the text Image for Windows displays while backing up,
restoring, validating, or copying. If your message text contains spaces, place the
message text in quotation marks:
/msg:"my message"
Use /n to force a new line; otherwise, text wraps to screen width only:
/msg:"first line\nsecond line"
Default if omitted: No message text is displayed.
/uggs:0 UseGlobalGeoSettings=0
Place under the [HDx] section
Use this parameter to disable the use of the global geometry settings for this individual
drive. This applies to interactive use of global geometry settings.
Default if omitted: Global geometry settings apply to the drive.
/npt NoPartTable=0x10000
Use this parameter to tell Image for Windows to treat the selected drive as a drive that
doesn’t use a partition table. If you use this option on the command line, you must place
it before the /d option. It stays in effect until you disable it using /npt:0. You may want to
disable this option if you use additional options to select a device/partition such as the
/f:0@0x1:\filename option. Note that the .ini file value is not used on command-line
based operations.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows treats the selected drive as a drive that uses a

partition table.
/anpt AssumeNoPartTable=0x40000
Use this parameter to tell Image for Windows to treat the selected drive as a drive that
doesn’t use a partition table only if the first sector on the drive is all zeros. If you use this
option on the command line, you must place it before the device is specified. Note that
the .ini file value is not used on command-line based operations.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows treats the selected drive as a drive that uses a
partition table.
/nptrm NPTOptRemMedOnly=0x80000
Goes under the [HDx] section
Use this parameter to tell Image for Windows to apply the npt or anpt options on
removable media only. If you use this option on the command line, you must place it
before the device is specified. Note that the .ini file value is not used on command-line
based operations.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows applies the npt or anpt option to all drives..
/geodis GlobalGeoDisable=1
Use this to disable the global geometry settings and revert to using program defaults or
drive specific overrides equivalent to versions prior to 2.52. This option only applies to
interactive sessions; it does not apply to command line restores.
Default if omitted: Global geometry options are not disabled.
/geoah GlobalGeoAlignHS=1
When this option is enabled Image for Windows will prevent problems with unaligned
partitions being restored to systems with BIOS Auto Mode enabled. Many newer
systems use auto mode by default, and some even don't have an option to turn it off.
This is equivalent to enabling the individual overrides Align MBR Ending HS and Align
MBR HS when Truncated. This option only applies to interactive sessions; it does not
apply to command line restores. To disable use /geoah:0
Default if omitted: This option is enabled.
/geoa2k GlobalGeoAlign2K=1
This option provides a convenient way to enable 2048 sector alignment for all drives.
This is popular with users of SSD type drives. It is the equivalent to enabling the
individual overrides Use 2048 Sector Alignment, Align MBR Ending HS, Align MBR HS
when Truncated, and disabling Align on End. This option only applies to interactive
sessions; it does not apply to command line restores.
Default if omitted: This option is disabled.
/geombr GlobalGeoMBRGeo=1
This option is used to prevent problems where users restore an image from another

system to a drive that will be put back in the other system. For example, the hard drive
from PC-A is backed up; PC-B is used to restore to a new hard; that new drive is placed
back in PC-A. Without this option enabled, Image for Windows would setup the partition
to properly boot on the hard drive for PC-B which can sometimes (not always) be a
problem when the hard drive is going back to PC-A. This option solves that and is
equivalent to the individual Use MBR Geometry override. This option only applies to
interactive sessions; it does not apply to command line restores.
Default if omitted: This option is Disabled.
/geombrv GlobalGeoMBRGeoValidate=1
This option is used to ensure that the geometry from the MBR on the original system is
aligned to known standards before accepting it for use. It only applies when /gemombr
(GlobalGeoMBRGeo) is enabled. This option only applies to interactive sessions; it
does not apply to command line restores. To disable use /geombrv:0
Default if omitted: This option is enabled.
/geoorg GlobalGeoOrgGeo=1
This option is the global equivalent to the individual Use Original Geometry override.
This option only applies to interactive sessions; it does not apply to command line
restores.
/nos:size NoScale=size
This option offers a way to prevent scaling of small partitions when scaling to a larger
drive. Partitions that are size (in bytes) or smaller will not be scaled. For example:
200m would not scale partitions that are 200MiB or smaller. Note that the .ini file value
is not used on command-line based operations.
Default if omitted: All partitions are scaled when scaling is used.
/chgvid ChgVolID=1
Use this option to change the file system volume id/serial number of restored or copied
FAT/NTFS/HPFS partitions. Note that the .ini file value is not used on command-line
based operations.
Default if omitted: The file system volume ID/serial number is not changed.
/un N/A
Use this parameter to perform an unattended backup and tell Image for Windows to
assume the answer to all Yes/No prompts is No, the answer to all OK/Cancel messages
is Cancel, and the answer to all Abort/Retry/Ignore prompts is Abort. Image for Windows
then terminates the backup process when the first Yes/No prompt appears.
This option should be placed just after the action parameter (/b /r /v) to ensure this
parameter is in effect for prompts that may occur in other command line options.
If desired, you may override the effect of un for Abort/Retry/Ignore prompts by also
supplying the ui parameter. See the description of the ui parameter below for more

information.
This option is disabled when additional media is needed (file not found) and /um is not
specified.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not run an unattended backup.
/uy N/A
Use this parameter to perform an unattended backup and tell Image for Windows to
assume the answer to all Yes/No prompts is Yes, the answer to all OK/Cancel
messages is OK, and the answer to all Abort/Retry/Ignore prompts is Ignore.
This option should be placed just after the action parameter (/b /r /v) to ensure this
parameter is in effect for prompts that may occur in other command line options.
This option is disabled when additional media is needed (file not found) and /um is not
specified.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not run an unattended backup.
/ui N/A
Use this parameter when performing an unattended backup to tell Image for Windows to
assume the answer to all Abort/Retry/Ignore prompts is Ignore. You can use this
parameter alone or in conjunction with un. (Using ui with uy is unnecessary, since uy
alone causes Ignore to be selected.)
Default if omitted: Image for Windows assumes the answer to all Abort/Retry/Ignore
prompts is either Abort or Ignore, depending on whether you set un or uy (respectively).
If un, uy, and ui are all omitted, Image for Windows displays the Abort/Retry/Ignore
prompt.
/um N/A
During an unattended backup using CD/DVD discs, use this parameter to tell Image for
Windows to ignore the first request for media. This option helps you start the backup if
you have already inserted a disc and a prompt appears asking for the disc. This option
works only for the first prompt—you need to respond to other prompts for media unless
you specify /uy or /un. If you combine /uy or /un with this option, then any additional disc
requests will cause the program to end with an error instead of prompting for the media.
For media other than CD/DVD discs or during a restore/validation, using this option
allows the program to end with an error instead of prompting for the media.
Place this option just after the action parameter (/b /r /v) to ensure this parameter is in
effect for prompts that may occur in other command line options.
Default if omitted: Media change requests will disable the /uy or /un options and you will
need to respond to the request.
You also can set options to control the behavior of PHYLock; these options are
described in Table 2. In some instances, both forms of the parameter are available;
in other cases, only one is available. When one form of an option isn’t available,
N/A appears. To set up an INI file, place these parameters in the
[PHYLock_Options] section.

Table 2: PHYLock Parameters
/pldis PHYLockDisable=1
Use this option to disable PHYLock completely.
Default if omitted. Image for Windows uses PHYLock to lock the disk or partition.
/plifnl PHYLockIfNoLock=1
Use this option to instruct Image for Windows to use PHYLock if Image for Windows
can’t obtain a normal lock.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows will report that it cannot perform the selected
operation because it cannot obtain a lock on the selected drive or partition.
/plrell PHYLockReleaseLock=1
Use this option to instruct Image for Windows to attempt a normal lock and then use
PHYLock, even if the lock was obtained. If Image for Windows obtains a normal lock, the
lock is released after enabling PHYLock.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows uses a normal lock if it can obtain one; if not,
Image for Windows uses PHYLock to lock the disk or partition.
/plvolf PHYLockVolFlush=1
Use this option to instruct Image for Windows to attempt to flush the disk cache of the
source drive before attempting to obtain a normal lock or enabling PHYLock.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not try to flush the disk cache.
/pldisk PHYLockUseDisk=1
Use this option to instruct Image for Windows to attempt to use disk-based storage for
the PHYLock cache with a size specified by the /pldcs parameter.
This is the default.
/plmem:n PHYLockMemory=n
Use this option to control how much computer memory PHYLock will allocate for itself.
You only need to increase the allocation size if you receive the error “PHYLock failed to
cache changes” and increasing the PHYLock memory and/or disk cache (i.e. /plcs
and/or /pldcs) has not solved the problem.
Replace n with either 2, 1, or 0. Using a value of 2 instructs PHYLock to use a smaller
memory allocation, while 1 and 0 correspond to a normal and larger allocation,
respectively.
Default if omitted: PHYLock uses a normal memory allocation.
/pldcs:n PHYLockDiskCacheSize=n
Use this option to set the size in MiB of the disk cache Image for Windows should use. n
should be a positive integer (e.g. 100, 1024, etc.) between 1 and 4095. You must also

use /pldisk for /pldcs to have any effect.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows uses 200 MiB for the disk cache size.
/plwft:n PHYLockWaitTime=n
Use this option to set the amount of time, in milliseconds (ms), during which writes to the
source drive will prevent PHYLock from becoming enabled. Setting this parameter helps
ensure that file truncation and/or corruption does not occur. Keep this value above 1250.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows uses 4250 ms.
/plmwt:n PHYLockMaxWaitTime=n
Use this option to set the maximum amount of time, in minutes, that PHYLock will wait
before it enables. You can use this option to prevent frequent disk writes from interfering
with the start of a backup operation. Setting a value of 0 will instruct PHYLock to wait
indefinitely.
Default if omitted: PHYLock will wait indefinitely until the wait time is satisfied or you
cancel the operation.
/plcs:n PHYLockCacheSize=n
Use this option to set the size, in kibibytes, of the memory cache Image for Windows
should use for PHYLock. n should be a positive integer (e.g. 100, 1024, etc.) between 1
and 4095.
Default if omitted: PHYLock uses a 8192-KiB memory cache.
/usevss UseVSS=1
This option will cause Image for Windows to try using Microsoft's Volume Shadow Copy
Services before using PHYLock on Windows 2003 or later. If VSS is unable to be
started then PHYLock may be used
Default if omitted: VSS is not used.
Image for Windows Backup Options

In Table 3, you find the command line options that you must set to use Image for
Windows to make a backup image.
INI file, place these parameters in the [Backup_Defaults] section.
Table 3: Image for Windows Required Backup Parameters

/b N/A
Use this option to indicate that you want to perform a backup.
Also required: Either /d option to specify a full backup or /base option (for differential

backup) and the /f option to specify target image file destination.
/d N/A
Use when performing a full backup to identify the source hard drive and partition. For
most users, the partition ID will be a number from 1 through 4. For partition IDs of 9 or
below, you can use a single digit in place of hexadecimal notation (e.g. 1 is equivalent to
0x1, and 5 is equivalent to 0x5).
The volume ID will be a number formatted as 0xPVV, where P is the extended partition
and VV is the volume number in hexadecimal from 01 to FF.
If you are not sure what the partition or volume ID is, run Image for Windows using the
interface, choose the Backup option, and click Next. The screen that lists the partitions
and volumes also will display the ID in parentheses as a hexadecimal number. You
should prefix that number with a 0x on the command line.
/d:d@p d is the source hard drive number
/d:wd@p
p is the source partition or volume ID (hex
/d:?D:
or decimal notation), depending on
/d:#ntsig
whether you are referring to a partition or
a volume.
D: is the source drive letter.
You can use device modifiers as needed.
When you use them, you must place
them after the /d: and before the source
hard drive number:
w – Windows device.
v – Virtual drive.
? – Drive letter follows.
# – NT Disk Signature Follows
The /d option cannot be used with the
/base option.
/base N/A
Use when performing a differential backup to identify the full backup on which Image for
Windows should base this differential backup.
/base:x:\bkup x:\ is source drive letter
/base:x:\mypath\bkup mypath or my path is path to bkup
/base:"x:\my path\bkup" bkup is name of existing full backup (omit
file extension)
Or:
Or:
/base:d@p:\bkup
Specify source device, partition, path, and
/base:d@p:\mypath\bkup
file name:
/base:"d@p:\my path\bkup"
d is source hard drive number

/base:#ntsig@p:\mypath\bkup p is source partition ID (hex or decimal
notation)
them after the /base: and before the
source hard drive number:
w – Windows Device
o – Optical drive
v – Virtual drive
Whether using drive letter or
device/partition, you may specify any path
desired. Paths and/or file names with
imbedded spaces require the use of
quotes.
The /base option cannot be used with the
/d option.
/f N/A
Use this option to specify the target drive letter, path, and file name for a backup file.
/f:x:\filename x:\ is target drive letter
/f:x:\mypath\filename mypath or my path is path to filename
/f:”x:\my path\file name" filename is target file name for image
Or: Or:
/f:d@p:\filename Specify target device, partition, path, and
file name:
/f:d@p:\mypath\filename
d is target hard drive number
/f:"d@p:\my path\filename”
p is target partition ID (hex or decimal
/f:#ntsig@p:\mypath\filename
notation)
mypath or my path is path to filename
filename is target file name for image
Device modifiers may be used as needed.
When used, they must be placed after the
/f: and before the target hard drive
number:
w – Windows Device
o – Optical drive (when you combine this
option with the option mentioned above,
this option must come last)

v – Virtual drive
quotes.
o can be use with a, u, f, and s
The above options are required when you perform a backup using Image for
Windows from the command line. In Table 4, you find a list of the optional backup
parameters you can use when you run Image for Windows from the command line.
some instances, both forms of the options are available; in other cases, only one is
available. When one form of an option isn’t available, N/A appears. To set up an INI
file, place these parameters in the [Backup_Defaults] section.
Table 4: Image for Windows Optional Backup Parameters

/pw:mypassword or /pw:{#name#} N/A
Use this option to set a password for Image for Windows to use in conjunction with
simple password protection or AES encryption. Your password cannot exceed 128
characters and may contain upper/lowercase letters, numbers, special characters,
spaces, and non-ASCII characters.
You can also specify a password cached by the /login: option by using the following
format (where name is the user for the login):
/pw:{#name#}
If the password or name contains spaces, surround it with quotation marks.
For example:
/pw:"my password" or /pw:"{#john doe#}"
This option must be used if you also specify enc:1 or enc:3, described later in this table.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not assign a password, and the backup will
be neither password protected nor encrypted.
/rb:n N/A
Instructs Image for Windows to reboot the computer after completing the backup
operation. The value n can be 1 to reboot with all prompts, 2 to reboot with completion
message, but without reboot message (error does not cancel reboot), 4 to reboot without
completion message or reboot message (error cancels reboot), 8 to shutdown.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows attempts to determine if the computer needs to be
rebooted after completing the backup and, if so, prompts you to reboot.
/bc BackwardsCompatible=1
Image for Windows version 2.30 and later use a TBI format that is not compatible with

prior versions. Enable this option to have Image for Windows create the TBI file using a
format that is compatible with prior versions.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows uses the new TBI format.
/md MakeDir=1
This option causes Image for Windows to always create the target path if doesn't exist.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows doesn't attempt to create the target path.
/mp MultiPass=1
Use this parameter to tell Image for Windows to use Multi Pass mode when creating a
differential backup. In Multi Pass mode, Image for Windows compares the source
partition against the full backup in one pass and performs the differential backup in a
second pass. This setting is not applicable when performing a full backup. This option
must be used if the applicable full backup resides on removable media.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows uses Single Pass mode, identifying changes and
backing up in one pass.
/cdws:n CDWriteSpeed=n
Use this setting to specify the maximum disc writing speed that Image for Windows will
use when burning a CD or DVD disc and force a lower writing speed than that
automatically used by the optical drive’s firmware. Slower writing speeds may increase
reliability.
n should be a positive integer (e.g. 2, 4, 16, etc.).
The maximum writing speed that Image for Windows actually uses is determined by
whichever is lower: The /cdws:n value you specify or the speed deemed appropriate by
the drive’s firmware, according to the CD/DVD media in use. For example, if you are
using media that is rated at 8X for burning, the maximum writing speed will be no more
than 8X, regardless of the setting you choose here. Similarly, if you supply a value that is
beyond or invalid for the drive’s design limits, the drive will automatically use the next-
highest speed supported by both the drive and the media in use.
DVD speeds are approximately 1/8 CD speeds, so if you are using DVD discs, multiply
the desired speed by 8 to determine the value to use. For example, to obtain a maximum
burning speed of 2X with a DVD, use /cdws:16, since 8 × 2X = 16.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows uses the Optimal speed setting.
/max:nMiB or /max:nGiB MaxFileSize=nMiB or MaxFileSize=nGiB

Use this setting to specify the maximum file size of the image files that Image for
Windows creates.
n should be a positive integer (e.g. 648, 698, 877, 1003, etc.). Image for Windows can
use either mebibytes or gibibytes, so you must specify either MiB or GiB, respectively.
Do not place any spaces between the number and the unit designation.
The maximum file size is ultimately dictated by the file system used on the target drive.
Also, some network redirectors limit file size to 2 GiB, which can be a limiting factor for

backup files stored on a network drive.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows uses the maximum file size supported by the
target file system.
/raw RawMode=1
Set this parameter to force Image for Windows to use raw mode, which backs up all
sectors, rather than just used sectors, even for recognized file systems.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows backs up only used sectors backed up for
recognized file systems and uses raw mode automatically for unrecognized file systems.
/skp:0 SkipPageFile=0
Set this parameter to instruct Image for Windows to include the page file in the backup.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows skips the page file.
/skh:0 SkipHiberFile=0
Set this parameter to instruct Image for Windows to include the hibernation file in the
backup.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows skips the hibernation file.
/v PostValidate=1
Set this parameter to instruct Image for Windows to perform a standard validation of the
image file(s) as part of the backup operation.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not validate the backup image after creating
it.
/vb PostValidate=2
Set this parameter to instruct Image for Windows to perform a byte-for-byte validation of
the image file(s) as part of the backup operation. This also performs a standard
validation.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not validate the backup image after creating
it.
/vpd ValidateDisk=1
You can use this option when saving images to a CD or DVD drive. This option ensures
that the discs containing image files are readable and verifies that the data on the discs
appears to be the same as the data that Image for Windows used to create the discs.
Per-disc validation can detect media errors that may have occurred during the disc
writing process. If Image for Windows detects an error, Image for Windows will prompt
you to recreate the failed disc.
Default if omitted: If you do not enable this option, Image for Windows will notify you of
errors only after the backup process completes, and you will need to recreate all discs in
the backup.

/ldu LimitDiscUsage=1
You can use this option when saving images to a CD or DVD drive. This option leaves
the last 10% of the disc unused which tends to encounter more data errors.
Default if omitted: If you do not enable this option, Image for Windows will use the entire
disc.
/comp:n Compression=n
Specifies how Image for Windows should compress backup files as they are created,
where n is one of the following values:
0 – No Compression
1 – Standard Compression
2 – Enhanced – Less
7 – Enhanced – Normal
10 – Enhanced – Max
Default if omitted: Image for Windows uses standard compression.
/enc:1 or /enc:3 Encryption=1 or Encryption=3

Specifies whether simple password protection without encryption (/enc:1), or 256-bit
AES encryption (/enc:3) is to be used. If either /enc:1 or /enc:3 are specified, /pw is
also required.
Default if omitted: No encryption or password protection is used.
/noej NoEject=1
Use this parameter to tell Image for Windows never to automatically open the optical
drive tray.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows will automatically open the optical drive tray
whenever a new disc is needed and at the completion of the backup operation.
/cdrs:n CDReadSpeed=n
Use this setting to specify the maximum disc reading speed that Image for Windows will
use when reading a CD or DVD disc during the validation phase of a backup operation,
with n being a positive integer (e.g. 2, 4, 16, etc.). This setting may be used to force a
lower reading speed than that automatically used by the optical drive’s firmware. Slower
reading speeds may increase reliability.
This setting is only applicable when you are backing up to CD/DVD media and you have
also included either the /v or /vb option.
The maximum reading speed that is actually used is determined by whichever is lower:
The /cdrs:n value that you specify, or the speed deemed appropriate by the drive’s
firmware, according to the CD/DVD media in use. For example, if you are using media
that is rated at 32X (for reading), the maximum reading speed will be no more than 32X,
regardless of the setting you choose here. Similarly, if you supply a value that is invalid
for or beyond the drive’s design limits, the drive will automatically use the next-highest

speed supported by both the drive and the media in use.
the desired speed by 8 to determine the value to use here. For example, to obtain a
maximum reading speed of 4X with a DVD, use /cdrs:32, since 8 × 4X = 32.
/iobs IOBS=1
Include this option to try to improve I/O performance in cases where network or USB
device performance is poor. This can also help improve end-user performance of saving
data files while imaging is occurring, particularly when the backup target is a slower link.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not use this option.
/err AllowErrors=1
Use this option to tell Image for Windows to ignore read/write errors caused by bad
sectors on the source drive during the backup operation. Image for Windows will also
ignore errors during the validation phase. This parameter does not apply to bad sectors
on the target drive.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows will notify you concerning the error and give you
the option to continue or abort.
/mf N/A
Instructs Image for Windows to use Multiple File Set mode. Select this option to create
a backup that is comprised of one image for every individual partition that you back up.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows uses Single File Set mode and creates a single
image, regardless of the number of individual partitions you back up.
/desc:”my description” N/A

Use this option to specify the descriptive text you want Image for Windows to associate
with the backup, up to 127 characters. If your descriptive text includes spaces, surround
it with quotation marks: /desc:“my description”
Default if omitted: Image for Windows doesn’t add any descriptive text.
/purge:n Purge=n
This option is used to delete image files that are n days old or older. You can think of it
as the number of days to retain images. It’s only used during a command line backup
and only processes the target folder of the current file specified using the /f option. Care
should be taken as the purge occurs prior to the backup. As an option you can have the
purge take place only after a successful backup by providing n as a negative number.
E.g. /purge:-15
Default if omitted: No image files are purged.
/filetpl:"filename" FileTemplate=filename
Sets the default file name offered during interactive use of the program during backup

operations.
Default if omitted: The program uses a name that includes the device, partitions and
date.
/log:0 SaveLog=0
Disables logging.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows logs during a backup operation.
Image for Windows Restore Options

Windows to restore a backup image.
INI file, place these parameters in the [Restore_Defaults] section.
Table 5: Image for Windows Required Restore Parameters

/r N/A
Use this option to indicate that you want to restore an image file.
Also required: Either /d option to restore from a full backup or /base option to restore
from a differential backup and the /f option to specify image file Image for Windows
should use when restoring.
/d N/A
Use when restoring a backup to identify the target hard drive and partition. Image for
Windows will restore the image to the same hard drive number and physical location on
the drive that you backed up unless you override this setting.
If the target partition was a volume and no extended partition now exists at the original
location, Image for Windows will attempt to create the original extended partition. If
Image for Windows cannot create the extended partition, Image for Windows will restore
the image as a primary partition.
If the target partition was originally a primary partition and an extended partition now
exists at that location, Image for Windows will restore the image as a volume.
If an existing partition or volume occupies the same starting location as the partition you
want to restore, Image for Windows will display a warning message before overwriting
the partition or volume. You can suppress this warning message, as described in Table
5.)
/d:d@p d is the target hard drive number
/d:wd@p
p is the target partition or volume ID (hex
/d:?D:
/d:#ntsig

a volume. Use this parameter only if you
are restoring an individual partition.
them after the /d: and before the target
hard drive number:
# – NT Disk Signature Follows (or omit
signature to match on original signature).
/base N/A
When restoring from a differential backup, use this parameter to identify the full backup
Image for Windows should use.
/base:"x:\my path\bkup" bkup is name of the full backup (omit the
file extension)
Or:
Or:
/base:d@p:\bkup
file name:
/base:#ntsig@p:\mypath\bkup
p is source partition ID (hex or decimal
notation)
w – Windows device
option with any of the options mentioned
above, this option must come last).
quotes.
/f N/A

Or: Or:
file name:
/f:#ntsig@p:\mypath\bkup
notation)
number:
this option must come last).
quotes.
Table 5 describes options required to restore a backup using Image for Windows
from the command line. Table 6 lists optional restore parameters for both the
command line option and the INI file variable. In some instances, both forms of the
parameter are available; in other cases, only one is available. When one form of an
option isn’t available, N/A appears. To set up an INI file, place these parameters in
the [Restore_Defaults] section, unless as noted otherwise.

Table 6: Image for Windows Optional Restore Parameters
/o N/A
Use this option to tell Image for Windows to overwrite the target without first prompting
for confirmation.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows prompts before overwriting the target.
/clr N/A
Use this option to have Image for Windows clear the MBR and EMBR prior to restoring
an image file.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not clear the MBR and EMBR.
/rb:n N/A
Use this option to have Image for Windows reboot the system after restoring an image.
The value n can be 1 to reboot with all prompts, 2 to reboot with completion message,
but without reboot message (error does not cancel reboot), 4 to reboot without
completion message or reboot message (error cancels reboot), 8 to shutdown.
rebooted after restoring and, if so, prompts you to reboot.
/fd ForceDismount=1
Use this option to force dismounting a volume (partition) that can't be locked for restore.
Using this option will invalidate all opened handles to the volume, which may result in
lost data. Image for Windows will attempt to lock the volume after forcing the dismount.
Default if omitted: Normal locking without forcing a dismount occurs.
/sp:p N/A
Use this option to specify an individual partition ID to restore from a full backup. p is the
source partition ID (in hex or decimal notation).
Default if omitted: If you supply a backup of an entire hard drive as the source for
restoring, Image for Windows will restore all partitions contained in the backup.
/sig ReplaceNTSig=1
Use this option if you are restoring a partition that Windows had assigned a drive letter
before you backed up the drive. If you use this option, Image for Windows will restore
the disk signature associated with the source partition.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows will use the disk signature already present in the
MBR of the target drive, or, if none exists, Image for Windows will create one.
/csig ChangeNTSig=1
This option only applies to full drive restores. It allows you to change the NT Signature
restored to the target drive. This can be useful if you plan on having both the original
and restored hard drive in the same computer at the same time; otherwise Windows may

detect the duplicate signature and modify it which may (depending on the OS) prevent
the restored hard drive from booting properly.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows will not change the restored disk signature.
/ohd UseOrgHDNum=1
Use this option to tell Image for Windows to keep references to the source hard drive
number intact within the partition after Image for Windows has restored the partition to
the target drive.
Default if omitted: If the target drive number differs from that of the source drive, Image
for Windows will update applicable drive references residing within the restored partition
to reflect the new hard drive number.
/a SetActive=1
Use this parameter to make the partition you restore active.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not make the restored partition active unless
no other partitions are active and the restored partition is HD0.
/t WriteMBR=1
Use this parameter to have Image for Windows install standard MBR code after
completing the restore operation. Standard MBR code is the code that boots the active
partition.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not write standard MBR code unless the
MBR is empty.
/e UseSameMBREntry=1
Use this parameter to have Image for Windows move the partition table entry of the
restored partition to the same location in the master partition table as it appeared on the
source drive. Image for Windows will move the existing partition table entry to another
location rather than overwriting it.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not move the partition table of the restored
partition.
/ms:n N/A
restored partition to a given slot in the MBR. The value n is 0 to 3. This option is only
applicable when restoring a single partition.
partition.
/embrid:n N/A
This parameter is used to set a specific ID value to the restored partition if an EMBR
exists. The ID is only used if not already in use by another partition. To assume the
same ID as a partition being overwritten use, the value zero for n.

Default if omitted: Image for Windows uses the restored partition’s original id.
/gpt N/A
Instruct Image for Windows to create a GPT on the target drive. Note that restoring first
track overrides this option. This is mainly used with the /clr option to ensure the full size
of the drive that is greater than 2TiB is accessible. You can also provide an option
/nomsr if the GPT to be created should not have a Microsoft Reserved Partition created
on it. While Image for Windows supports a GPT, it does not currently officially support
an EFI based system.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not create a GPT on the drive.
/rft RFT=1
Use this parameter to have Image for Windows restore the first track when it restores the
partition.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not restore the first track.
/fts:n RFTS=n
Use this option to specify how many sectors of the first track of the hard drive Image for
Windows should restore. Use 0 to indicate the entire track
Default if omitted: Image for Windows determines the number of tracks needed to
restore.
/stt Scale=1
For NTFS/FAT/FAT32/EXT 2/3/4 partitions, use this parameter to tell Image for Windows
to resize each restored partition proportionally, so that each partition takes up the same
relative amount of space on the target drive as it did on the source drive. Unpartitioned
free space that existed on the source drive at the time of the backup will still exist at the
end of the target drive after Image for Windows completes the restore operation.
This option only applies when you restore an entire hard drive;
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not scale each restored partition.
/x Expand=1
For NTFS/FAT/FAT32/EXT 2/3/4 partitions, when restoring to a target that is larger than
the source partition, use this parameter to have Image for Windows expand the partition
after completing the restore operation.
This option is equivalent to the “Scale to Fit” option for fully restoring drives.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows will not expand the partition, and free space will
remain after Image for Windows completes the restore operation.
/kf=n KeepFree=n
Use this parameter if you also use either /x or /stt to specify the amount of space, in
mebibytes (MiB), that Image for Windows should leave free.

Default if omitted: Image for Windows will fill the entire available area.
/m FirstFit=1
Use this parameter to tell Image for Windows to choose the target area automatically,
based on the first area of available free space large enough to accommodate the
partition you want to restore.
Default if omitted: You must explicitly specify the target area.
/v PreValidate=1
Use this parameter to have Image for Windows perform a standard validation on the
image file(s) prior before restoring them.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not validate the image files before restoring
them.
/vb PostValidate=2
Use this parameter to have Image for Windows check that each byte from the source
image file was restored to the drive properly.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not validate the restored data.
/pw:mypassword or /pw:“my password” N/A

Use this parameter to supply the password needed to decrypt a backup that you
encrypted and/or password protected when you created it. If your password contains
embedded spaces, place quotation marks around it.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not supply a password.
/noej NoEject=1
Use this parameter to tell Image for Windows to never automatically open the optical
drive tray.
whenever a new disc is needed and when Image for Windows finishes restoring.
use when reading a CD or DVD disc while restoring a backup image, with n being a
positive integer (e.g. 2, 4, 16, etc.). This setting may be used to force a lower reading
speed than that automatically used by the optical drive’s firmware. Slower reading
speeds may increase reliability.
This setting is only applicable when you are restoring from CD/DVD media and you have
also included the /v option.

/iobs IOBS=1
device performance is poor.
/err AllowErrors=1
sectors on the target drive during the restore operation. This parameter does not apply
to bad sectors on the source drive.
/noosn:n N/A
This option controls how the OS is notified of partition changes. It's useful for full drive
restores where your source and target drives are the same, but you're sure the restored
partitions won't overlap the source (which will be deleted after the restore).
/noosn:1 - never send notification to OS about partition changes (a reboot must be used
or corruption could occur if existing partitions existed where restored partitions are
located). Most users will NOT want to use this option – it's for very advanced users only.
/noosn:2 – defer the notification until all partitions are restored. This option is safe for all
to use.
Default if omitted: The OS is notified of partition changes as each partition is restored.
/irlm=n N/A
Ignore restore locking mask. For example, to not care / ignore lock failures on drive G:
you'd use: /irlm:64. Likewise A: would be /irlm:1, and G: and A: combined would be
/irlm:65. This is an advanced option and typically used with the /ososn.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not ignore locking on restores.
/nlrm=n N/A
No lock restore mask. For example, to not attempt a lock on drive G: you'd use:
/nlrm:64. Likewise A: would be /nlrm:1, and G: and A: combined would be /nlrm:65.
This is an advanced option and typically used with the /ososn.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows attempts to lock all required drives on restores.

/ubi UpdateBootIni=1
This option only applies if a copy of boot.ini exists in the root directory of the restored
partition. If enabled, this option instructs Image for Windows to update all partition(n)
references in the restored partition's boot.ini file, to accommodate a partition layout that
differs from that of the original drive. Image for Windows will set all partition-based
entries in the applicable boot.ini to point to the restored partition (but will not change file-
based entries). This option has no effect when doing a full drive restore.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not try to update the boot.ini file.
/ubp UpdateBootPart=1
This option updates any references to the restored partition in the active boot partition on
the target drive. This is useful for situations where the boot partition differs from the
system partition. However, you typically wouldn't want to use this option if you're
creating a copy of an existing partition you want to keep, unless the target drive will be
independent of the original drive. For this to be useful, the active boot partition should
already be on the target drive or part of the same copy or restore operation.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not update the active boot partition.
/mp MultiPass=1
Use this parameter to tell Image for Windows to use Multi Pass mode when restoring a
differential backup. In Multi Pass mode, Image for Windows restores the full backup in
one pass and then restores the differential backup in a second pass. This setting is not
applicable when restoring a full backup. You must use this option if the applicable full
backup resides on removable media.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows uses Single Pass mode, restoring the full backup
and the differential backup in one pass.
/cds N/A
Use this parameter to tell Image for Windows to query all available CD/DVD drives when
trying to locate the appropriate source backup.
Default if omitted: You must explicitly specify the CD/DVD drive that contains the source
backup.
/mo N/A
Instructs Image for Windows to display the following message immediately upon
running:
Press the <space bar> for the menu interface or wait for the restore to start...
If you press the space bar while this message appears, Image for Windows will switch to
interactive mode and wait for you to initiate the restore operation via the menu interface.
Default if omitted: The Press the <space bar>… message is not displayed and the
restore operation proceeds using the command line.
/n2ka N/A

By default, Image for Windows automatically uses 2048 alignment when you restore
from the command line and the backup contains 2048 aligned partitions. Use this option
to instruct Image for Windows not to automatically override normal cylinder-based
alignment.
If you don’t enable this option and Image for Windows determines that 2048 alignment is
needed, then Image for Windows enables both the Align2048 and the AlignEndHS
options for the restore.
Default if omitted. Alignment is automatically determined when restoring from the
command line.
/aoe:n AlignOnEnd=n
Use this option to instruct Image for Windows to align restored partitions at the end of a
cylinder, or when the Align2048 option is enabled, end of a 2048 sector boundary.
2 – Align on end by resizing
0 – Disable align on end
Default if omitted: Normal alignment (/aoe:1) is used.
/a2k Align2048=1
Use this option to instruct Image for Windows to align restored partitions based on 2048
sectors.
If this option is enabled then you will normally want to enable the AlignEndHS option and
disable the AlignOnEnd option.
Default if omitted. The alignment is based on cylinders.
/ahs AlignEndHS=1
Use this option to instruct Image for Windows to force a restored partition’s ending head
and sector values in the MBR to match the current geometry.
Default if omitted. The actual ending head and sector values are used.
/ahst AlignHSOnTrunc=1
Use this option to instruct Image for Windows to set a restored partition’s head and
sector values in the MBR to match the current geometry when it is located outside the
range of the current geometry.
/mg UseMBRGeo=1
Set this parameter to tell Image for Windows to use the geometry based on the MBR
entry of the first partition in the backup image when restoring a backup.

Default if omitted: Image for Windows uses the geometry of the target drive or the
UseOrgGeo option.
/mgv UseValidMBRGeoOnly=1
This option is used to ensure that the geometry from the MBR on the original system is
aligned to known standards before accepting it for use. It only applies when /mg
(UseMBRGeo) is used.
/og UseOrgGeo=1
Set this parameter to tell Image for Windows to use, when restoring a backup, the
original geometry of the source drive based on the environment used when the backup
was created.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows uses the geometry of the target drive.
/c=n c=n
Use this parameter in conjunction with /h and /s to manually specify the cylinder, head,
and sector values for the target drive when you restore a backup image. This parameter
specifies the last cylinder, and n is a number you supply.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows uses the BIOS-reported values of the drive.
/h=n h=n
Use this parameter in conjunction with /c and /s to manually specify the cylinder, head,
specifies the last head, and n is a number you supply.
/s=n s=n
Use this parameter in conjunction with /c and /h to manually specify the cylinder, head,
specifies the last sector, and n is a number you supply.
/rs:n N/A
Use this parameter to resize a partition after restoring. n is the size in MiB’s that you
want to establish for the restored partition. If you try to use this parameter in conjunction
with /x, the Expand option, /x overrides /rs.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows restores the partition without resizing.

/log:0 SaveLog=0
Disables logging.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows logs during a restore operation.
Image for Windows Validate Options

Windows to validate an image.
INI file, place these parameters in the [Validate_Defaults] section, unless as noted
otherwise.
Table 7: Image for Windows Required Validate Parameters

/v N/A
Use this option to indicate that you want to validate an image file.
Also required: /CDn or a path name, as described below, to identify the location of the
backup image you want to validate.
/base N/A
Use when validating a differential backup to identify the full backup Image for Windows
should use to validate the differential backup.
/base:"x:\my path\bkup" bkup is name of existing full backup (omit
file extension)
Or:
Or:
/base:d@p:\bkup
file name:
/base:#ntsig@p:\mypath\bkup
p is source partition ID (hex or decimal
notation)

quotes.
/f N/A
Or: Or:
file name:
/f:#ntsig@p:\mypath\bkup
notation)
number:
quotes.
In Table 8, you find the command line parameters that you might want to use with
Image for Windows when validating an image.

INI file, place these parameters in the [Validate_Defaults] section, unless as noted
otherwise.
Table 8: Image for Windows Optional Validation Parameters

/noej NoEject=1
Use this parameter to tell Image for Windows never to automatically open the optical
drive tray.
whenever a new disc is needed and at the completion of the backup operation.
use when reading a CD or DVD disc during validation, with n being a positive integer
(e.g. 2, 4, 16, etc.). This setting may be used to force a lower reading speed than that
automatically used by the optical drive’s firmware. Slower reading speeds may increase
reliability.
This setting is only applicable when you are validating an image stored on CD/DVD
media.
/iobs IOBS=1
device performance is poor.
/mp MultiPass=1
Use this parameter to tell Image for Windows to use Multi Pass mode when validating a
differential backup. In Multi Pass mode, Image for Windows validates the full backup in
one pass and the differential backup in a second pass. This setting is not applicable
when validating a full backup. This option must be used if the applicable full backup
resides on removable media.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows uses Single Pass mode, validating in one pass.

/log:0 SaveLog=0
Disables logging.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows logs during a validate operation.
Image for Windows Copy Options

In Table 9, you find the command line options that you can set to use Image for
Windows to make a copy of a partition or drive.
INI file, place these parameters in the [Copy_Defaults] section.
Table 9: Image for Windows Required Copy Parameters

/copy N/A
Use this option to indicate that you want to perform a copy.
/sd N/A
Use this option to identify the source hard drive and partition. For most users, the
partition ID will be a number from 1 through 4. For partition IDs of 9 or below, you can
use a single digit in place of hexadecimal notation (e.g. 1 is equivalent to 0x1, and 5 is
equivalent to 0x5).
If you are not sure of the partition or volume ID number, run Image for Windows using
the interface, choose the Backup option, and click Next. The screen that lists the
partitions and volumes also will display the ID in parentheses as a hexadecimal number.
You should prefix that number with a 0x on the command line.
/sd:d@p d is the source hard drive number
/sd:wd@p
p is the source partition or volume ID (hex
/sd:?D:
/sd:#ntsig
a volume.
D: is the source drive letter.
them after the /sd: and before the source
hard drive number:

# – NT Disk Signature Follows.
/td N/A
Use this option to identify the target hard drive and partition. For most users, the partition
ID will be a number from 1 through 4. For partition IDs of 9 or below, you can use a
single digit in place of hexadecimal notation (e.g. 1 is equivalent to 0x1, and 5 is
equivalent to 0x5).
If you are not sure of the partition or volume ID number, run Image for Windows using
the interface, choose the Backup option, and click Next. The screen that lists the
partitions and volumes also will display the ID in parentheses as a hexadecimal number.
You should prefix that number with a 0x on the command line.
/td:d@p d is the target hard drive number
/td:wd@p
p is the target partition or volume ID (hex
/td:?D:
/td:#ntsig
a volume.
D: is the target drive letter.
them after the /td: and before the source
hard drive number:
# – NT Disk Signature Follows.
The above options are required when you perform a copy using Image for Windows
from the command line. In Table 10, you find a list of the optional copy parameters
you can use when you run Image for Windows from the command line.
some instances, both forms of the options are available; in other cases, only one is
available. When one form of an option isn’t available, N/A appears. To set up an INI
file, place these parameters in the [Copy_Defaults] section.
Table 10: Image for Windows Optional Copy Parameters

/raw RawMode=1

Set this parameter to force Image for Windows to use raw mode, which copies all
sectors, rather than just used sectors, even for recognized file systems.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows copies only used sectors backed up for
recognized file systems and uses raw mode automatically for unrecognized file systems.
/skp:0 SkipPageFile=0
Set this parameter to instruct Image for Windows to include the page file in the copy.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows skips the page file data.
/skh:0 SkipHiberFile=0
Set this parameter to instruct Image for Windows to include the hibernation file in the
copy.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows skips the hibernation file data.
/o N/A
Use this option to tell Image for Windows to overwrite the target without first prompting
for confirmation.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows prompts before overwriting the target.
/clr N/A
Use this option to have Image for Windows clear the MBR and EMBR prior to copying.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not clear the MBR and EMBR.
/rb:n N/A
Use this option to have Image for Windows reboot the system after copying. The value
n can be 1 to reboot with all prompts, 2 to reboot with completion message, but without
reboot message (error does not cancel reboot), 4 to reboot without completion message
or reboot message (error cancels reboot), 8 to shutdown.
rebooted after copying and, if so, prompts you to reboot.
/fd ForceDismount=1
Use this option to force dismounting a volume (partition) that can't be locked for copy.
Using this option will invalidate all opened handles to the volume, which may result in
lost data. Image for Windows will attempt to lock the volume after forcing the dismount.
Default if omitted: Normal locking without forcing a dismount occurs.
/sig ReplaceNTSig=1
Use this option if you are copying a partition that Windows had assigned a drive letter
before you copied the drive. If you use this option, Image for Windows will copy the disk
signature associated with the source partition.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows will use the disk signature already present in the

MBR of the target drive, or, if none exists, Image for Windows will create one.
/csig ChangeNTSig=1
This option only applies to full drive copies. It allows you to change the NT Signature
copied to the target drive. This can be useful if you plan on having both the original and
restored hard drive in the same computer at the same time; otherwise Windows may
detect the duplicate signature and modify it which may (depending on the OS) prevent
the restored hard drive from booting properly.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows will not change the copied disk signature.
/ohd UseOrgHDNum=1
Use this option to tell Image for Windows to keep references to the source hard drive
number intact within the partition after Image for Windows has restored the partition to
the target drive. This option is primarily used for Linux partitions.
Default if omitted: If the target drive number differs from that of the source drive, Image
for Windows will update applicable drive references residing within the restored partition
to reflect the new hard drive number.
/a SetActive=1
Use this parameter to make the partition you copy active.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not make the copied partition active unless
no other partitions are active and the target partition is on HD0.
/t WriteMBR=1
Use this parameter to have Image for Windows install standard MBR code after
completing the copy operation. Standard MBR code is the code that boots the active
partition.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not write standard MBR code unless the
MBR is empty.
/e UseSameMBREntry=1
copied partition to the same location in the master partition table as it appeared on the
source drive.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not move the partition table of the copied
partition.
/ms:n N/A
restored partition to a given slot in the MBR. The value n is 0 to 3. This option is only
applicable when restoring a single partition.
partition.

/embrid:n N/A
This parameter is used to set a specific ID value to the copied partition if an EMBR
exists. The ID is only used if not already in use by another partition. To assume the
same ID as a partition being overwritten use, the value zero for n.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows uses the copied partitions original id.
/gpt N/A
Instruct Image for Windows to create a GPT on the target drive. Note that restoring first
track overrides this option. This is mainly used with the /clr option to ensure the full size
of the drive that is greater than 2TiB is accessible. You can also provide an option
/nomsr if the GPT to be created should not have a Microsoft Reserved Partition created
on it. While Image for Windows supports a GPT, it does not currently officially support
an EFI based system.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not create a GPT on the drive.
/rft RFT=1
Use this parameter to have Image for Windows copy the first track when it copies the
partition.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not copy the first track.
/fts:n RFTS=n
Use this option to specify how many sectors of the first track of the hard drive Image for
Windows should copy. Use 0 to indicate the entire track
Default if omitted: Image for Windows determines the number of tracks needed to copy.
/stt Scale=1
For NTFS/FAT/FAT32/EXT 2/3/4 partitions, use this parameter to tell Image for Windows
to resize each copied partition proportionally, so that each partition takes up the same
relative amount of space on the target drive as it did on the source drive. Unpartitioned
free space that existed on the source drive at the time of the backup will still exist at the
end of the target drive after Image for Windows completes the copy operation.
This option only applies when you copy an entire hard drive;
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not scale each copied partition.
/x Expand=1
For NTFS/FAT/FAT32/EXT 2/3/4 partitions, when copying to a target that is larger than
the source partition, use this parameter to have Image for Windows expand the partition
after completing the copy operation.
This option is equivalent to the “Scale to Fit” option for fully copying drives.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows will not expand the partition, and free space will
remain after Image for Windows completes the copy operation.

/kf=n KeepFree=n
Use this parameter if you also use either /x or /stt to specify the amount of space, in
mebibytes (MiB), that Image for Windows should leave free.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows will fill the entire available area.
/m FirstFit=1
Use this parameter to tell Image for Windows to choose the target area automatically,
based on the first area of available free space large enough to accommodate the
partition you want to copy.
Default if omitted: You must explicitly specify the target area.
/vb PostValidate=1
Use this parameter to have Image for Windows check that each byte from the source
drive was copied to the target drive properly.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not validate the copied data.
/err AllowErrors=1
sectors on the source or target drive during the copy operation.
/noosn:n N/A
This option controls how the OS is notified of partition changes.
/noosn:1 - never send notification to OS about partition changes (a reboot must be used
or corruption could occur if existing partitions existed where restored partitions are
located). Most users will NOT want to use this option – it's for very advanced users only.
/noosn:2 – defer the notification until all partitions are copied. This option is safe for all
to use.
Default if omitted: The OS is notified of partition changes as each partition is copied.
/ubi UpdateBootIni=1
This option only applies if a copy of boot.ini exists in the root directory of the copied
partition. If enabled, this option instructs Image for Windows to update all partition(n)
references in the restored partition's boot.ini file, to accommodate a partition layout that
differs from that of the original drive. Image for Windows will set all partition-based
entries in the applicable boot.ini to point to the copied partition (but will not change file-
based entries). This option has no effect when doing a full drive copy.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not try to update the boot.ini file.
/n2ka N/A
By default, Image for Windows automatically uses 2048 alignment when you restore
from the command line and the backup contains 2048 aligned partitions. Use this option

to instruct Image for Windows not to automatically override normal cylinder-based
alignment.
If you don’t enable this option and Image for Windows determines that 2048 alignment is
needed, then Image for Windows enables both the Align2048 and the AlignEndHS
options for the restore.
Default if omitted. Alignment is automatically determined when restoring from the
command line.
/aoe:n AlignOnEnd=n
Use this option to instruct Image for Windows to align copied partitions at the end of a
cylinder, or when the Align2048 option is enabled, end of a 2048 sector boundary.
2 – Align on end by resizing
0 – Disable align on end
Default if omitted: Normal alignment (/aoe:1) is used.
/a2k Align2048=1
Use this option to instruct Image for Windows to align copied partitions based on 2048
sectors.
If this option is enabled then you will normally want to enable the AlignEndHS option and
disable the AlignOnEnd option.
Default if omitted. The alignment is based on cylinders.
/ahs AlignEndHS=1
Use this option to instruct Image for Windows to force a copied partition’s ending head
and sector values in the MBR to match the current geometry.
/ahst AlignHSOnTrunc=1
Use this option to instruct Image for Windows to set a copied partition’s head and sector
values in the MBR to match the current geometry when it is located outside the range of
the current geometry.
/mg UseMBRGeo=1
Set this parameter to tell Image for Windows to use the geometry based on the MBR
entry of the first partition on the source drive.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows uses the geometry of the target drive or the

UseOrgGeo option.
/og UseOrgGeo=1
Set this parameter to tell Image for Windows to use the original geometry of the source
drive based on the environment being used to copy.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows uses the geometry of the target drive.
/c=n c=n
Use this parameter in conjunction with /h and /s to manually specify the cylinder, head,
and sector values for the target drive when you copy. This parameter specifies the last
cylinder, and n is a number you supply.
/h=n h=n
Use this parameter in conjunction with /c and /s to manually specify the cylinder, head,
head, and n is a number you supply.
/s=n s=n
Use this parameter in conjunction with /c and /h to manually specify the cylinder, head,
sector, and n is a number you supply.
/rs:n N/A
Use this parameter to resize a partition after copy. n is the size in MiB’s that you want to
establish for the copied partition. If you try to use this parameter in conjunction with /x,
the Expand option, /x overrides /rs.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows copies the partition without resizing.
/log:0 SaveLog=0
Disables logging.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows logs during a copy operation.

Troubleshooting
If you should encounter any problems while running Image for Windows, please
visit our on-line support page at http://www.terabyteunlimited.com/support-image-
for-windows.htm.

Appendix A: Understanding the Types of Backups
Many software packages create file-based backups, while Image for Windows
creates a sector-based backup. This section describes both types of backups and
their differences.
File-Based Backup
When you create a file-based backup, you copy files from one storage location to
another using a third-party software package, the built in Microsoft backup utility or
by dragging-and-dropping files and/or folders using Windows Explorer.
Creating a file-based backup is simple, and you can backup or restore only certain
files or folders. But, a file-based backup it has drawbacks. For example, files that
are in use may not be backed up. And, restoring a file-based backup can be tricky:
Files in use cannot be restored.
If the required operating system environment and software is not installed and
accessible, you will first need to install it before you can restore any data.
Sector-Based Backup
A sector-based backup, also called imaging, differs from file-based backup because
imaging operates on the entire partition, including all files and the operating system
itself. This is the method of backup employed by Image for Windows.
When you create a sector-based image as your backup, you back up not only your
data files but also the operating system, in its entirety. If you restore a sector-based
backup, your computer returns to the state it was in when you created the image.
Image for Windows places all information on the target drive in the exact location
where it appeared when you created the image.
In addition, you can:
* Restore a sector-based backup even if the operating system isn’t accessible—

effectively performing a bare-metal restoration.
* Restore individual files, if you want, using the free TBIView or TBIMount add-
ons.

Appendix B: Backup Strategies
Whether you create file-based backups or sector-based backups, you can choose
between three different backup methods:
* Full Backups
* Incremental Backups
* Differential Backups
In this section, you will find information that explains each of these backup
methods. The backup method you choose actually affects you most when you need
to restore the backup; some backups are easier to restore than others.
In addition to understanding backup methods, it’s also important to store your

backup media in a safe, secure location. We strongly recommend that you store
your backup media in a different physical location than your computer and that you
place your backup media in a fire-proof safe designed for media. By storing your
backup media offsite, you don’t run the risk of losing both your computer and your
backups in the event of fire or theft. By storing your backups in a fire-proof safe
designed for media, your backups will be protected if a fire occurs at the location
where you store your backups.
Note: Be sure to use a fire-proof safe designed for media because, while paper
doesn't burn until 451 degrees Fahrenheit, media will melt. Computer media may be
damaged at temperatures above 125 degrees Fahrenheit and 80% humidity.
Full Backups
A full backup, as the name implies, involves backing up all specified data.
How Often Should I Back Up?
We hear this question a lot, and there is no right answer. Instead, there is the
answer that works best for you. To figure out how often to back up, ask yourself,
“How much data am I willing to re-enter?” because, once you restore your latest
backup, you will need to re-enter all information since you made that backup. Many
people do not want to re-enter any information, so they back up daily. Others feel
their computer usage is such that they are willing to back up once each week and
re-enter up to seven days worth of data. Decide how much data you are willing to
re-enter and set your backup schedule accordingly.
Incremental Backups
Note: Although you cannot make an incremental backup using Image for Windows,
we include information on incremental backups so that you can understand how
they work.

Incremental backups include only data that has changed since the most recent
backup was performed—whether the most recent backup was a full backup or a
previous incremental backup. To use this backup method, you perform a full backup
at an interval of your choice—say every two weeks. In between full backups, you
perform incremental backups. If you need to restore your entire system, you need
to restore the latest full backup followed by each of the incremental backups you
performed since that full backup (unless the backup program being used supports a
complete restore in one restore procedure).
For example, suppose that you are relying on file-based backups, and you perform
a full backup that includes FILE1, FILE2, and FILE3. Then, you change FILE2, and
you perform an incremental backup. This incremental backup will include only the
data of FILE2, since you did not change the other files in the most recent full
backup. Then, if you change FILE3 and add FILE4 and make another incremental
backup, the latest incremental backup will include only data from FILE3 and FILE4.
If you are relying on sector-based backups, you perform a full backup at an interval
of your choice and, in between, you perform incremental backups. But, an
incremental sector-based backup is not based on files that have been added or
changed. Instead, an incremental sector-based backup looks for and includes
newly allocated sectors and changes to the contents of any sector since the last
backup. Suppose that you move a file without changing its contents. In a sector-
based backup, the sector reallocation caused by moving the file is a change that
will be included in the next incremental backup, even though you didn’t change the
file itself.
Note: Although defragmenting the file system does not change file content, it can
lead to many sector-level changes, because defragmenting files moves them from
one disk location to another.
Incremental backups are hard to properly manage and tend to be troublesome

during disaster recovery. It is not uncommon to discover, while trying to recover
from a disaster, that an incremental backup is either lost or damaged, making all
subsequent incremental backups worthless. In addition, if you accidentally restore
incremental backups in the wrong order, the problems you experience may not
manifest themselves until some future date, at which point recovery can become
almost impossible.
Differential Backups
Differential backups include only data that has changed since the most recent full
backup was performed. To use this method, you make a full backup at an interval of
your choice. In between full backups, you perform differential backups, which
include all data that has changed since the last full backup. If you need to restore
your entire system, you need to restore the latest full backup followed by the latest
differential backup (unless the backup program being used supports a complete
restore in one restore procedure). Unlike incremental backups, which rely on every
other incremental backup in the chain, a differential backup relies only on the full
backup.

For example, suppose that you are relying on file-based backups and you perform a
full backup that includes FILE1, FILE2, and FILE3. Then, you change FILE2, and
you perform a differential backup. This differential backup will include only the data
of FILE2, since the other files in the most recent full backup have not changed. If
you then change FILE3 and perform another differential backup, this differential
backup will include data from both FILE2 and FILE3.
A differential sector-based backup includes any sector that has changed or been
allocated since you created the last full backup.
Differential backups are easy to manage during disaster recovery because you
need to restore only the last full backup followed by the last differential backup
(some programs will restore both the full and differential backup in one restore
procedure). You don’t run as much risk of discovering that a backup is damaged or
missing, and since you only need to restore two backups (at most), you are not as
likely to restore them in the wrong order.
By its nature, the size of a differential backup grows over time. If you wait long
enough between full backups, your differential backup could become almost as
large as a full backup, and take almost as much time to create.

Appendix C: Introduction to Hard Drive Storage
All modern (circa 2007) personal computers make use of at least one partitioned
hard drive. Knowing at least the basics of how hard drive partitioning and file
systems work can help you understand how to work with TeraByte Unlimited
imaging products. The information about physical hard drives that follows is
intended to be a broad overview to provide you with a general understanding of the
hard drive.
The Physical Hard Drive

Hard drives contain several round, thin, rigid disks called platters. The rigidity of
these platters serves as the basis for the terms “hard disk” and “hard drive”. In the
center of each platter is a hole by which the platter is mounted to a spindle. The
platters rotate around this spindle at high speed (typically 5,400 to 10,000 rotations
per minute, or RPM).
Internal view of a hard drive in operation. The arm appears blurred due to its rapid movement.
Photo courtesy of Michael Blessenohl
The Logical Hard Drive—Hard Drive Data Organization

Data is organized on the platters of hard drives in the form of tracks and sectors,
which are established during manufacturing. The tracks, which exist on each side of
each platter, are concentric circles. Sectors are defined by radial lines that go from
the center point of the platter to the outer edge.
When you set up a hard drive, you can create logical partitions. A logical partition is
simply a conceptual division on the hard disk. You can use different file systems in
different partitions, and many users partition hard disks so that they can store
different operating systems or segregate data on the same hard drive. If you set up
different partitions so that you can use different operating and file systems, you can

use Terabyte’s BootIT NG to select the operating system in which you want to work
each time you boot your computer.
Formatting is the process that prepares a partition on the hard disk to accept data
by creating an empty file system that is organized into clusters. A cluster, a logical
grouping of contiguous sectors, is the smallest logical unit of storage that you can
allocate to hold a file’s data.
Figures 1 through 3 depict the layout of files within clusters on a hypothetical

partition. In each figure shown, 44 clusters contain data. In Figure 1, the last cluster
in use (that is, the one closest to the bottom/right) is at the very end of the partition.
Figure 1
The location of this last cluster at the time that you create an image determines the
minimum amount of free space that must be available on the hard drive to which
you intend to restore—called the target drive.
Note: If you are restoring a partition with an image created using raw mode, or if the
partition uses an unrecognized file system, the target drive needs to be equal to the
full size of the source partition, regardless of cluster allocation.
Figure 2 shows the same number of clusters in use, but the last cluster in use is
located in the fifth row, rather than at the very end of the partition:
Figure 2

Although Figure 1 and Figure 2 depict the exact same number of used clusters,
the location of the last used cluster in Figure 2 allows you to restore an image of
that partition to a much smaller target because, when an image is restored, each
cluster is placed in a location on the target that is identical, relatively speaking, to its
original location on the drive you imaged—called the source drive.
Figure 3 shows the same number of clusters in use, but the clusters are arranged
optimally, with no unused clusters interspersed.
Figure 3
Although the used cluster arrangement of Figure 3 might be most ideal, you
generally can’t easily arrange clusters in this way.

Appendix D: Scheduling Backups
Image for Windows contains a feature you can use to create tasks to schedule
Image for Windows backups using the Windows Task Scheduler included with
Windows 98, 2000, 2003, XP, Vista, and Windows 7. What follows is a step-by-step
tutorial for using this feature.
1. Run Image for Windows and select Backup (Full). Be sure to select the source
drive, destination drive, and backup options you wish to have applied to the
scheduled task.
Refer to the section titled “Creating Backups with Image for Windows” if you need
more information on how to run a backup.
NOTE: Scheduled tasks that used network mapped drive letters may not run
properly because the mapped drive letter might not exist when the program is
launched or due to permission issues. To prevent this problem, use the UNC
instead of a mapped drive letter.
2. On the Backup Options screen shown below, click the “Schedule Backup”
button.
3. In the Image for Windows – Task 1 window that appears, the command line in
the Run box reflects the source, destination, and backup options that you
selected. The command line also includes the /uy and /um parameters that

allow Image for Windows to run an unattended backup. These parameters,
along with related parameters /un and /ui, are described in “Table 1: Image for
Windows Global Parameters”. Be sure to enter the automation options you
want to have in place (i.e. /uy /um, /un /um, or /un /ui).
Note: If you would like the backup to be password-protected or encrypted when the
scheduled task runs, you must append /pw:"my password" to the command line in
the task window, where “my password” is the password you wish to use. If the /enc
parameter is present without a valid /pw parameter also present, the backup task
will not run successfully.
4. Click the Schedule tab, and then click the New button to create a schedule for
the backup task.
Note: If you close the task window without first setting a schedule for it, the task will
be deleted immediately.

5. Click OK (or Apply). You will be prompted to enter account information.
6. Supply the desired user name and password:
Note: So that Image for Windows can run successfully, the user account used must
be a member of the Administrators group.
7. Click OK. A notice appears, telling you the task has been added to the
Windows Task Scheduler.

Glossary
Hard Drive (HD, HDD)

A high-capacity, non-volatile, data storage device. Hard drives are typically installed
inside a computer. In addition, they are used in many external devices, connected
via USB, eSATA, etc.
Partition
A unique area of a hard drive that is allocated for use by a file system. A hard drive
can contain many partitions.
File System
An organized structure that allows data to be stored and accessed by a filename.
You can basically think of it as the filing system used by the operating system to
store and retrieve your data. On a hard drive, the file system almost always resides
in a partition.
Volume
Generally, a volume is considered to be any file system or device that is used to
hold data, but, when using Image for Windows, it also represents a specific partition
that resides in an extended partition.
Extended Partition
A special type of partition that is divided in to one or more partitions called volumes.
Drive Letter
A single letter that represents a file system in Microsoft operating systems. Since a
file system on a hard drive is almost always in a partition or volume, it also
represents a partition or volume.
Logical Drive
A term used in Microsoft operating systems to describe the specific drive letters that
point to volumes. In practical terms, it is the same thing as a drive letter.
Source

When backing up, “source” refers to the hard drive that you want to back up. When
restoring, “source” refers to the location on a storage medium that contains a
backup you want to restore.
Target
When backing up, “target” refers to the location on a storage medium (usually
CD/DVD discs, a hard drive partition, or an external hard drive) where you want to
store a backup. When restoring, “target” refers to the location on a hard drive where
you want to restore a backup you previously created. A restore target can either be
an area of free space or a partition. In the latter case, the partition—and any
information it contains—will be deleted immediately prior to the restore.

What is Shareware?
Shareware distribution provides users with the opportunity to try software before
buying it. If you try a Shareware program and continue using it, you are expected to
register it. Individual programs differ on details; some request registration, others
require it, and some specify a maximum trial period. When you register the
software, you may receive anything from the right to continue using the software to
an updated program with printed manual.
Shareware is a distribution method, not a type of software. Because you can try
shareware before you buy, you can easily determine if a particular piece of software
will fill your needs. Also, because the overhead is low, prices are low. Shareware
has the ultimate money-back guarantee—if you don't use the product, you don't pay
for it.

TeraByte Unlimited (Trial-Use) License Agreement
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(Revised April 1, 2011)
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exclusively for personal non-commercial use only, then each licensed copy may be installed on two
additional Computer Systems owned or controlled by you, or a member of your immediate family.
“Control”: For purposes of this Agreement, a person or entity “controls” a Computer System when he, she or it
has actual control over the day-to-day use of that Computer System.
(d) RESERVATION OF RIGHTS. All rights and licenses not expressly granted by TeraByte in this Agreement are
entirely and exclusively reserved to TeraByte.
(e) IMAGE LICENSES. If the Software’s functionality, as licensed, includes the ability to create one or more disk
partition images or otherwise copy one or more partitions (“Images") then the use of each Image is subject to all
of the conditions and restrictions of this Agreement.
Your rights to create and distribute Images are based on the Software licensed and the type of license you
purchased (as may be indicated on your sales receipt or comparable sales documentation received by you from
TeraByte):
(i) "PER COMPUTER" IMAGE LICENSE: Each licensed copy of the Software includes, without extra charge, a
"per computer" license to create and keep Images for the same Computer System(s) on which you are licensed
to use the Software itself; those Images may not be distributed to, or used in any manner with, any other
computers (except for direct replacements for such systems as provided in subsection 1(a)(iii) above), nor may
you create or retain images for additional Computer Systems unless the previously created images are
destroyed, or you purchased additional licenses to cover such Computer Systems. You may create and keep
an unlimited number of Images for each licensed Computer System. For example, if you purchased a license
for five (5) copies of the Software, then you may create and keep an unlimited number of Images for up to five
Computer Systems with which you properly use those 5 Software copies as described in 1(a)(i) and 1(a)(ii)
above, but you may not distribute those Images to, or use them with, any other Computer System.
(ii) ”IMAGE DEPLOYMENT” LICENSE. If, in addition to the standard Software license, you purchased an
“Image Deployment" license (as indicated on your sales receipt from TeraByte), then: (A) you may make an
unlimited number of Images on any Computer System on which you may use the Software under this license,

and (B) you may deploy each Image to other Computer Systems, referred to as “deployment computers,” each
such deployment computer having been provided an Image Deployment license. Image Deployment licenses
remain allocated to such deployment computers until and unless such deployment computer is taken out of
service and replaced. In such case, said Image Deployment license may be transferred to such replacement
system subject to limitations as provided in subsection 1(a)(iii) above. For the right to distribute Images to
additional computers, you will need to purchase additional Image Deployment License rights from TeraByte.
Images deployed as described herein may only be restored or referenced on Computer Systems having been
licensed with at least an Image Deployment license, and once restored, may not be moved to any Computer
System not so licensed without prior authorization from TeraByte.
(f) PARTITION MANAGEMENT LICENSING. If the Software’s functionality, as licensed, includes the ability to
create, resize, slide or otherwise manage partitions on a hard drive, or otherwise to control or repair system
boot parameters, then the use of each such reparation or partition management change is likewise subject to all
of the conditions and restrictions of this Agreement, including without limitation, restriction of use of such
reparation or partition management change to Computer Systems licensed hereunder.
2. TERM AND TERMINATION: This Agreement, and your license rights hereunder, remain effective until this
Agreement is terminated.
(a) Termination by You. You may terminate it at any time by destroying the distribution media together with all of
your copies of the Software in any form.
(b) Termination for Breach. This Agreement may be terminated by TeraByte upon notice, at its sole discretion, if
you fail to completely remedy any breach by you of any term or condition herein within ten (10) days after notice
of such breach is delivered by TeraByte to you,
(c) Automatic Termination. This Agreement will automatically terminate without notice if your normal business
operations are disrupted or discontinued for more than thirty days by reason of insolvency, bankruptcy,
receivership, or business termination. Upon termination of this Agreement, you must destroy all copies of the
Software in any form.
3. OWNERSHIP AND CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION: TeraByte or its licensors own the Software under copyright,
trade secret and all other laws that may apply. All product names, designs, and logos associated with the Software
are trademarks of TeraByte. The source code of the Software and all information regarding the design, structure or
internal operation of the Software are valuable trade secrets of TeraByte or third parties with which TeraByte has
licensing arrangements ("Confidential Information"), provided however, that "Confidential Information" shall not
include information which otherwise would be Confidential Information to the extent that such information was
publicly known or otherwise known to you previously to the time of disclosure, which subsequently became known
through no act or omission by you, or which otherwise became known to you other than through disclosure by
TeraByte without violation of any party's obligations to TeraByte. You shall not sell, transfer, publish, disclose,
display or otherwise permit access to any Confidential Information by any third party, nor may you use any of the
Confidential Information, except strictly as part of the Software in the form originally distributed by TeraByte.
4. LIMITED WARRANTY: TeraByte Unlimited warrants that for a period of thirty (30) days from the date of purchase,
the Software will perform in conformity with the user documentation supplied by TeraByte, provided that your
EXCLUSIVE REMEDY under this warranty shall be to return the Software to TeraByte in exchange for repair,
replacement, or a full refund of your purchase price (at TeraByte's option) within forty-five (45) days after the date of
purchase. In addition, the above warranty does not apply to the extent that any failure of the Software to perform as
warranted is caused by the Software being (a) not used in accordance with the user documentation, or (b) modified
by any person other than authorized TeraByte personnel. EXCEPT FOR THE EXPRESS WARRANTY GRANTED
IMMEDIATELY ABOVE, TERABYTE MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO
THE SOFTWARE, ITS MERCHANTABILITY, OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. YOU
ACKNOWLEDGE AND AGREE THAT YOU HAD FULL OPPORTUNITY TO USE AND TEST THE SOFTWARE
BEFORE PURCHASE. TERABYTE DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THE SOFTWARE WILL MEET YOUR
REQUIREMENTS OR THAT THE OPERATION OF THE SOFTWARE WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED OR ERROR
FREE. YOU ASSUME FULL RESPONSIBILITY FOR SELECTING AND USING THE SOFTWARE, AND THAT IF
YOU USE THE SOFTWARE IMPROPERLY OR AGAINST INSTRUCTIONS, YOU CAN CAUSE DAMAGE TO
YOUR FILES, SOFTWARE, DATA OR BUSINESS. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND
PERFORMANCE OF THE SOFTWARE IS BORNE BY YOU. THIS DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY CONSTITUTES
AN ESSENTIAL PART OF THE AGREEMENT. Some jurisdictions do not allow exclusions of an implied warranty, so
this disclaimer may not apply to you and you may have other legal rights that vary by jurisdiction.
5. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY. ANY LIABILITY OF TERABYTE WILL BE LIMITED EXCLUSIVELY TO PRODUCT
REPLACEMENT OR REFUND OF PURCHASE PRICE. IN ADDITION, IN NO EVENT WILL TERABYTE, NOR ANY
OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY INVOLVED IN THE CREATION, PRODUCTION, OR DELIVERY OF THE
SOFTWARE, BE LIABLE FOR INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES
WHATSOEVER, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION LOSS OF INCOME, USE OR INFORMATION, RELATING
EITHER TO THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE, OR YOUR RELATIONSHIP WITH TERABYTE, EVEN IF TERABYTE

HAS BEEN ADVISED IN ADVANCE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES OR CLAIMS. Any suit or other
legal action relating in any way to this Agreement or to the Software must be filed or commenced no later than one
(1) year after it accrues. You may also have other rights which vary from state to state.
6. HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES. The Software is not fault-tolerant and is not designed, manufactured or intended for use on
equipment or software running in hazardous environments requiring fail-safe performance, including but not limited
to the operation of nuclear facilities, aircraft navigation or communication systems, air traffic control, direct life
support machines, or weapons systems, in which the failure of the Software could contribute to death, personal
injury, or severe physical or environmental damage ("High Risk Activities"). TERABYTE AND ITS SUPPLIERS
SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF FITNESS OF THE SOFTWARE FOR
HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES. TERABYTE DOES NOT AUTHORIZE USE OF THE SOFTWARE FOR ANY HIGH RISK
ACTIVITY. YOU AGREE TO DEFEND AND INDEMNIFY TERABYTE, AND HOLD TERABYTE HARMLESS, FROM
AND AGAINST ANY AND ALL CLAIMS, ACTIONS, LOSSES, COSTS JUDGMENTS AND DAMAGES OF ANY
KIND IN CONNECTION WITH USE IN RELATION TO ANY HIGH RISK ACTIVITY OF ANY COPY OF THE
SOFTWARE RELATING TO THIS LICENSE.
7. RESTRICTED RIGHTS - COMMERCIAL COMPUTER SOFTWARE. The parties acknowledge and agree that: (a)
any and all products covered by this Agreement are, and shall be, deemed "commercial computer software" for all
purposes in relation to U.S. government acquisition laws, rules and regulations, and (b) all use, duplication and
disclosure by, for, or on behalf of the U.S. Government is subject to all conditions, limitations and restrictions
applicable to "commercial computer software" as set forth in FAR section 12.212 and in DFAR sections 227.7202-1,
227.7202-3, and 227.7202-4.
8. GENERAL.
(a) ENTIRE AGREEMENT. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between you and TeraByte in regard
to the subject matter herein, and supersedes all previous and contemporaneous agreements, proposals and
communications, written or oral between you and TeraByte. No amendment of this Agreement shall be effective
unless it is in writing and signed by duly authorized representatives of both parties.
(b) NON-WAIVER. Waiver by TeraByte of any violation of any provision of this License shall not be deemed to
waive any further or future violation of the same or any other provision.
(c) LAW AND JURISDICTION. This License and any dispute relating to the Software or to this License shall be
governed by the laws of the United States and the laws of the State of Nevada, without regard to U.S. or
Nevada choice of law rules. You agree and consent that jurisdiction and proper venue for all claims, actions
and proceedings of any kind relating to TeraByte or the matters in this License shall be exclusively in courts
located in Las Vegas, Nevada. If a court with the necessary subject matter jurisdiction over a given matter
cannot be found in Las Vegas, then jurisdiction for that matter shall be exclusively in a court with the proper
jurisdiction as close to Las Vegas as possible, and within Nevada if possible.
(d) SEVERABILITY. If any part or provision of this License is held to be unenforceable for any purpose, including
but not limited to public policy grounds, then you agree that the remainder of the License shall be fully
enforceable as if the unenforceable part or provision never existed.
(e) NON-ASSIGNMENT. You may not assign this License without the prior written consent of TeraByte, except as
part of a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of your business.
(f) NO THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARIES. There are no third party beneficiaries of any promises, obligations or
representations made by TeraByte herein.
(g) HEIRS AND ASSIGNS. This Agreement shall be binding on and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs,
executors, administrators, successors and assigns of the parties hereto, but nothing in this paragraph shall be
construed as a consent by TeraByte to any assignment of this agreement except as provided hereinabove.
(h) SURVIVAL. The provisions of paragraphs 1(b)(iv), 1(b)(vii), 1(b)(ix), 2, 3 and 6 of this Agreement shall survive
any termination or expiration of this Agreement.

Image for Windows – Order Form
Text version in file ORDER.TXT (see web site for additional pricing information)
Send to:
TeraByte Unlimited
10220 Lazy Bear Street
Las Vegas, NV 89131
Registration Name: Date:
Mailing Address: Phone #:
Phone #:
Fax #:
E-mail Address: PC Brand/CPU Type:
Shipping Address:
Primary OS:
How did you learn about Image for Windows?
Description Unit Price Qty Extended Price

Image for Windows $38.94 $
$
$
$
$
Sub-Total $
Shipping and Handling Fees for orders not sent TO YOU via e- $
mail add $9.95
Nevada Residents add applicable sales tax $
TOTAL CHECK OR MONEY ORDER ENCLOSED* $
Check or Money Order must be drawn on a U.S. bank in U.S. Dollars.

If you do not have a US Checking account, you can send an international postal money
order or have your bank issue a check on a U.S. bank in U.S. Dollars. Be sure to send
this order form whichever method you choose.
Check mailed separately. (Please ask your bank to include your name on the memo
line of the check.)

Image For Windows: User Manual

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Image for Windows

Microsoft, MS, MS-DOS and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft

Technical Support Policy

Registered users can email their questions to support@terabyteunlimited.com if you

Unregistered users will be provided technical support and product information

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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................. 5

DATA STORAGE SIZE UNIT CONVENTIONS .................................................... 5

HOW IMAGE FOR WINDOWS WORKS .............................................................. 6

WAYS TO USE IMAGE FOR WINDOWS ............................................................. 7

IMAGE FOR WINDOWS QUICK START .............................................................. 8

INSTALLING IMAGE FOR WINDOWS ............................................................... 14

FORMULATING A BACKUP PLAN .................................................................... 23

Image for Windows User Manual Page 3 of 161

IMAGE FOR WINDOWS ADVANCED CONFIGURATION OPTIONS ................ 94

APPENDIX A: UNDERSTANDING THE TYPES OF BACKUPS ...................... 141

GLOSSARY ...................................................................................................... 151

WHAT IS SHAREWARE? ................................................................................. 153

TERABYTE UNLIMITED (TRIAL-USE) LICENSE AGREEMENT ..................... 154

TERABYTE UNLIMITED (FULL-USE) LICENSE AGREEMENT ...................... 157

IMAGE FOR WINDOWS – ORDER FORM ...................................................... 161

Image for Windows User Manual Page 4 of 161

* These operating systems require Administrator privileges to install and run

** x64 versions of Windows are supported (AMD64/EM64T).

Recommended: External hard drive

IBM-compatible personal computer (i386 or newer)

Data Storage Size Unit Conventions

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How Image for Windows Works

The snapshot backup created by Image for Windows is referred to as an image.

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Ways to Use Image for Windows

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Image for Windows Quick Start

QuickStart: Creating a Recovery Boot Disc

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8. Click Finish, and respond to subsequent prompts as necessary. MakeDisk will

9. Click Close on the MakeDisk Success screen.

QuickStart: Making a Backup

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2. Select Backup (Full) and click Next.

3. Select a drive or partition to back up.

5. Provide a name for the backup image file.

6. Set backup options.

QuickStart: Restoring an Image

2. On the Image for Windows main menu, select Restore (Normal).

4. Select the backup image file you want to restore.

6. Set restore options.

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QuickStart: Validating an Image

2. On the Image for Windows main menu, select Validate.

4. Select the backup image file you want to validate.

5. Set validation options.

* For details on available validation options, see the section, “Understanding

Obtaining Image for Windows

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• PHYLock: A free add-on that enables Image for Windows to create a

• BINGBURN: A free utility you can use to burn previously-created

Image for Windows User Manual Page 16 of 161