WELDED JOINTS

Lecture Outcomes
At the end of this lecture, student will be able to

• identify different types of welded joints.

• suggest appropriate edge preparation for the given

parts.

• indicate and interpret welding symbols on drawings.

 Welding - Introduction
• Effective method of making permanent joints

• Possible to produce leak proof joints that can withstand high

pressures and temperatures.

• Welding is fast replacing casting and forging wherever

possible.

• When compared to riveting, welding is cheaper, stronger and

simpler to execute at site with considerable freedom in design.

• Hence, it is widely used in ship building and structural

fabrication in place of riveting.
Welding Terminology

(a) Butt weld (b) Fillet weld

Types of Joints
WELD JOINT DESIGN
Edge Preparation - Need
Poor penetration
Poor strength

Good penetration
Good strength
(100% joint
efficiency)
 Edge Preparation
Factors influencing choice of edge preparation
- Thickness
- Material
- Welding process
- Extent of penetration required
- Welding distortion
- Cost
 Basic Weld Types
Groove welds

Fillet weld
Plug / slot weld

Spot / seam weld

 Applicable Welds for Butt Joint
Square Groove weld V Groove weld Double V Groove weld

Bevel Groove weld Double Bevel Groove weld

U Groove weld Double U Groove weld

J Groove weld Double J Groove weld

Edge Preparation
Applicable Welds for Lap joint

Fillet weld

Plug / slot weld

Spot / seam weld
 Butt Joint –V groove
Double V groove Less weld metal
Less distortion
Higher edge preparation cost
Better for thickness > 20 mm
Single V groove
More weld metal
More distortion
Lower edge preparation cost
Better for thickness < 20 mm12
 Butt Joint – U groove
Groove angle Root radius

Root face
Root gap

Good access at the root

Less weld metal
Higher edge preparation cost
Better for thickness > 40 mm 13
 Lap Joint

overlap

AWS D 1.1 recommendation

Overlap = 5 x thickness (1 inch minimum)
Gap between mating faces = 1.6 mm max

14
 Welding Position – Groove

1G

3G

2G
4G
 Welding Positions – Groove
Position Inclination of axis Rotation of face
Flat 0° to 15° 150° to
210°
Horizontal 0° to 15° 80° to
150°to 210°
to 280°
Overhead 0° to 80° 0° to 80°
280° to 360°
Vertical 15° to 80° 80° to 280°
80° to 90° 0° to 360°
Weld Symbols
Elementary Welding Symbols
Elementary Welding Symbols …
Supplementary Welding Symbols
Shape of wel d sur face Symbol

(a) Flat (usually finished flush)

(b) Convex

(c) Concave
 Combination of Elementary &
Supplementary Symbols
Desi gnati on I l l ustr ati on Symbol

Flat (flush) single-V but t weld

Convex double-V but t weld

Concave fillet weld

Flat (flush) single-V but t weld wit h flat

(flush) backing r un
 Position of Weld Symbols on
Drawings

• An arrow line (1) per joint,

• A dual reference line, consisting of two parallel lines; one continuous (2a)
and another dashed (2b)
• A certain number of dimensions (4) and conventional signs (3)

NOTE The dashed line may be drawn either above or below the continuous line.
For symmetrical welds, the dashed line is omitted.
 EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
Welding on the Arrow Welding on the Other Side
Side

Arrow Side Arrow Side

Other Side Other Side

 EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
Welding on the Arrow Side Welding on the Other Side
Arrow Arrow
Side Side
Other Other
Side Side
Arrow Side & Other Side

25
Arrow Side & Other Side
EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
Which is the Other Side in this case?

Side B Side A

Side C Side D
EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
Welding on both Sides

Arrow Side

Other Side
EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
Symmetric Welding on both Sides

For Butt weld For Fillet weld

EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
Pointing of Arrows for Bevel and J Joints

OR
CONVENTIONAL SIGNS

32
 Surface Finish
Finishing of welds shall be
indicated by suitable contour and
finish symbols

Examples:

Chipping C
Machining M
Grinding G

33
WELDING PROCESS
DESIGNATIONS

34
DIMENSIONING OF WELDS
DIMENSIONING OF WELDS
Butt Joints

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DIMENSIONING OF WELDS
Fillet Welds

5
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5

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5
DIMENSIONING OF WELDS
Fillet Welds

a a a
DIMENSIONING OF WELDS
Intermittent Fillet Welds

z n x l (e)
z n x l (e)

l (e) l (e)
DIMENSIONING OF WELDS
Spot Weld

d n (e)

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Thank You