PHYSICS I B Diagonal line (/) Moving at a

constant speed(+)
Precision- is the closeness of the gathered data. C Diagonal line (⧵) Moving at a
constant speed (-)
Accuracy- is the closeness of the gathered data to D Parabolic upwards Accelerating
the true value. E Parabolic Decelerating
downwards
Types of Error *Steeper slopes means higher velocity or speed

1. Systematic Error- is an error due to Velocity vs. Time

malfunctioning of the devices used to Graph Feature Description
obtain the data. A Horizontal above Constant speed(+)
2. Random Error- is an error that may occur x-axis
from the researchers. B Horizontal below Constant speed(-)
x-axis
Uncertainties- is the difference between the C Diagonal line (/) Increasing speed
D Diagonal line (⧵) Decreasing speed
highest and lowest value in the collected data
E Overlapping in x- At rest or not
divided by two.
axis moving
Percent Error- is computed by subtracting the
actual value from the true value and then divides Acceleration vs. Time
it to the true value.⧍ Graph Feature Description
A Horizontal above Positive
Linear Regression- using the “Eyeball Method” we the x-axis acceleration
can determine if the “x” and “y” variables in a B Horizontal below Negative
graph have relationships. The relationships can be the x-axis acceleration
direct (as x get higher y also get higher and vice C Overlapping the x- Constant or no
versa) or inverse (as x goes higher the y goes axis acceleration
lower and vice versa)

Scalar- it is magnitude (measure) 2D MOTION (x-y)

Vectors- is magnitude with directions Category Description/s

Free-fall Only affected by air resistance and
Resultant Vectors- is the sum of all vectors or the gravity
displacement itself. Thrown After reaching a certain height, the
Upward ball will lose its kinetic energy and
Kinematics is the study of motion. It can be linear fall due to the force of gravity
Projectile I There is only one of each x motion
(1d), projectile (2d), or 3d such as quantum,
and y motion such as throwing a
forces and vectors. stone from a top of the building
Projectile II There are two y motions and an x
General Formulas
motion such as bombarding a
castle from a cannon positioned on
- Speed(s)/Velocity(v)= d/t or ⧍d/⧍t
ground level
- Acceleration(a)= (vf-vi)/t or ⧍v/⧍t *In projectiles, x motions and y motions are
independent from one another
Graph analysis
Uniform Circular Motion- means having the same
Distance/Displacement vs. Time
or constant speed all through-out a period of time.
Graph Feature Description
A Horizontal line The object is not (The direction can be changed.)
moving
Constant Velocity- tangent to the path Friction=Msmg; Friction=Mkmg

Constant Force- towards the center *The energy needed to move an object from rest is
larger than the energy needed to push/pull an
Centripetal force= is the force towards the center object that is already moving

Centrifugal force= outward force in a circular *The friction varies on the surfaces that are sliding
motion. It is associated by the third law of motion past each other
(For every action there is an equal and opposite
reaction) *As the Ms Increases the Optimum Banking Angle
(the angle needed for an object/surface to slide in
Centripetal acceleration Ac= v2/R another object/surface) will also increase
Force F= ma or F=mv2/R WORK=Force x Distance =Force x Cos (Distance)
=mass x gravity x height (*the measure used in
Other equations under the circular motion
Work is called Joules which is N x m)
Formula
There are two graphs to consider in work; both
Optimum tanӨ= v2/r
Banking Angle are Force (N) vs. Displacement (m)
Tension of T= mv2/r –mg
vertical circle 1. A triangular graph’s Total Work is the
at the top same as area of the triangle; T=1/2mN
Tension of T= mv2/r +mg 2. A rectangular graph’s Total work is the
vertical circle same as the area of the rectangle; T=mN
at the bottom
Friction V=(MsgR)1/2 Work-Energy Theorem- refers to the capacity to
Conical V=(gr tanӨ)1/2 do work
Pendulum
Mechanical Energy (ME) is divided into Potential
Energy (PE) and Kinetic Energy (KE)
Circular Motion
PE=mgh; KE=1/2 mv2
1. Period (T)= time to complete one rotation
or revolution Conservation of Mechanical Energy states that the
2. Frequency (f)= number of rotation or ME will not be decreased instead it will transform
revolution in a unit time; it uses hertz is to other kinds/forms of energy; PE-KE-WE-SE
(hz)as unit of measure
- T=1/f Energy Diagram
- F=1/T
1. Unstable Equilibria- highest PE
- v=(2ԉR/T)m/s
2. Stable Equilibria- lowest PE
Types of Force 3. Neutral Equilibria- unchanged PE

a. Non-contact: this includes gravity, Momentum- only applies in collision of objects,

magnetism and intermolecular forces either one or both is moving
b. Contact: this includes friction which
Momentum Ṕ= mv = kg x m/s
produces heat and opposes motion
1. Static Friction- during at rest or; Impulse is the change in momentum; I= ⧍Ṕ
greater force/value
2. Kinetic Friction- in motion; lesser Net Force F= (Ṕ2-Ṕ1)/ ⧍T
force/value
Conservation of Momentum

a. Elastic- there is no loss in kinetic energy;

either the object retains its KE or all have
been passed to the other object. To know
if the COM is elastic, you may use the
formula: (Ṕ2-Ṕ1) (before the collision)=
(Ṕ2-Ṕ1)’ (after the collision)
b. Inelastic- the KE is changed or greater the
original value
- Perfectly or Completely Inelastic- is the
term used if the momentum of two
different objects become one