Creative writing

Is any writing that is original, artistic, and self-expressive. Its purpose is to entertain and share human
experiences, and it does so by expressing feelings or thoughts that are borne out of the imagination as
you can see in poetry, fiction, and plays.

CREATIVE WRITING

• FICTIONAL AND IMAGINATIVE

• ENTERTAINING AND PROVOCATIVE

• ARTISTIC, SYMBOLIC, VAGUE

• SUBJECTIVE

• GENERALIZED VOCABULARY

Technical writing

• FACTUAL

• INFORMATIVE AND PERSUASIVE

• CLEAR, PRECISE, STRAIGHTFORWARD

• OBJECTIVE

• SPECIALIZED VOCABULARY

ACADEMIC WRITING

• CONVEY KNOWLEDGE

• STRUCTURED AND BASED ON GUIDELINES

• AIMS TO EXPLORE IDEAS , CONCEPT, AND ARGUMENT

TYPES OR GENRES OF CREATIVE WRITING

• Poetry

• Plays

• Movie and television scripts

• Fiction (novels, novellas, and short stories)

 • Songs

• Memoir

LANGUAGES USED IN CREATIVE WRITING

A. IMAGERY

B. DICTION

C. FIGURES OF SPEECH

• A. IMAGERY IS LANGUAGE USED BY POETS, NOVELISTS AND OTHER WRITERS TO CREATE

IMAGES IN THE MIND OF THE READER.

• IMAGERY INCLUDES FIGURATIVE AND METAPHORICAL LANGUAGE TO IMPROVE THE READER’S

EXPERIENCE THROUGH THEIR SENSES.

• SENSORY EXPERIENCE INCLUDES SIGHT, SOUND, TOUCH, SMELL, AND TASTE. WRITERS EMPLOY
THE FIVE SENSES TO ENGAGE A READER'S INTEREST.

• WRITING WITH THE SENSES IS AN IMPORTANT PART OF WRITING WELL.

• ADJECTIVES BRING WRITING TO LIFE AND PULL THE READER INTO THE TEXT AND HELP
ACTIVATE HIS OR HER IMAGINATION.

VISUAL IMAGERY DESCRIBES WHAT WE SEE. VISUAL IMAGERY MAY INCLUDE:

• COLOR, SUCH AS: BURNT RED, BRIGHT ORANGE, DULL YELLOW, VERDANT GREEN, AND
ROBIN’S EGG BLUE.

• SHAPES, SUCH AS: SQUARE, CIRCULAR, TUBULAR, RECTANGULAR, AND CONICAL.

• SIZE, SUCH AS: MINISCULE, TINY, SMALL, MEDIUM-SIZED, LARGE, AND GIGANTIC.

• PATTERN, SUCH AS: POLKA-DOTTED, STRIPED, ZIG-ZAGGED, JAGGED, AND STRAIGHT

AUDITORY IMAGERY DESCRIBES WHAT WE HEAR, FROM MUSIC TO NOISE TO PURE SILENCE. AUDITORY
IMAGERY MAY INCLUDE:

• ENJOYABLE SOUNDS, SUCH AS: BEAUTIFUL MUSIC, BIRDSONG, AND THE VOICES OF A CHORUS.

• NOISES, SUCH AS: THE BANG OF A GUN, THE SOUND OF A BROOM MOVING ACROSS
THEFLOOR, AND THE SOUND OF BROKEN GLASS SHATTERING ON THE HARD FLOOR.

• THE LACK OF NOISE, DESCRIBING A PEACEFUL CALM OR EERIE SILENCE.

OLFACTORY IMAGERY DESCRIBES WHAT WE SMELL. OLFACTORY IMAGERY MAY INCLUDE:

• FRAGRANCES SUCH AS PERFUMES, ENTICING FOOD AND DRINK, AND BLOOMING FLOWERS.

• ODORS, SUCH AS ROTTING TRASH, BODY ODORS, OR A STINKY WET DOG.

GUSTATORY IMAGERY DESCRIBES WHAT WE TASTE. GUSTATORY IMAGERY CAN INCLUDE:

• SWEETNESS, SUCH AS CANDIES, COOKIES, AND DESSERTS.

• SOURNESS, BITTERNESS, AND TARTNESS, SUCH AS LEMONS AND LIMES.

• SALTINESS, SUCH AS PRETZELS, FRENCH FRIES, AND PEPPERONIS.

• SPICINESS, SUCH AS SALSAS AND CURRIES.

• SAVORINESS, SUCH AS A STEAK DINNER OR THICK SOUP.

TACTILE IMAGERY DESCRIBES WHAT WE FEEL OR TOUCH. TACTILE IMAGERY INCLUDES:

• TEMPERATURE, SUCH AS BITTER COLD, HUMIDITY, MILDNESS, AND STIFLING HEAT.

• TEXTURE, SUCH AS ROUGH, RAGGED, SEAMLESS, AND SMOOTH.

• TOUCH, SUCH AS HAND-HOLDING, ONE’S IN THE GRASS, OR THE FEELING OF STARCHED

FABRIC ON ONE’S SKIN.

• MOVEMENT, SUCH AS BURNING MUSCLES FROM EXERTION, SWIMMING IN COLDWATER, OR

KICKING A SOCCER BALL

B. DICTION

CHOICE OF WORDS ESPECIALLY WITH REGARD TO CORRECTNESS, CLEARNESS, OR EFFECTIVENESS. IT

SHOWS THE LEVEL OF FORMALITY OF A TEXT WHICH HELPS IN SHAPING THE PERCEPTION AND VIEW
OF THE READERS.

THERE ARE THREE LEVELS OF DICTION

1. FORMAL
2. INFORMAL
3. COLLOQUIAL

FIGURES OF SPEECH

SIMILE

Comparison of two things by using the words “like” and “as.”

1. MY STUDENTS ARE NOISY AS A BEE.

2. LOVE IS LIKE A ROSARY – FULL OF MYSTERY.

METAPHOR

A DIRECT COMPARISON OF TWO UNLIKE THINGS OR IDEAS.

1. SHE IS A PHANTOM OF DELIGHT.

 2. HIS TEETH IS A SNOW.

PERSONIFICATION

GIVES HUMAN-like qualities TO INANIMATE OBJECTS OR IDEAS.

1. THE CITY SHIVERED IN COLD

2. THE FLOWERS ARE DANCING GRACEFULLY.

SYNECDOCHE

USING A PART FOR THE WHOLE.

1. OUR DOOR IS OPEN FOR EVERYONE.

2. HEY BOYS! CHECK OUT MY NEW WHEELS.

METONYMY

USING ANOTHER WORD WHICH IS CLEARLY IDENTIFIABLE OR ASSOCIATED WITH THE IDEA REFERRED
TO.

1. IT SEEMS LIKE PEOPLE WILL DO WHATEVER HOLLYWOOD SAYS IT’S COOL.

2. TELL ME ABOUT YOR FIRST DATE! I’M ALL EARS.

HYPERBOLE

EXAGGERATION

1. I HAVE A TON OF HOMEWORK.

2. I’M SO HUNGRY I COULD EAT A HORSE.

OXYMORON

USING CONTRADICTORY TERMS

1. VIRTUAL REALITY

2. Dark days.

UNDERSTATEMENT
MAKING THE SITUATION SEEM LESS IMPORTANT OR SERIOUS THAN IT REALLY IS.

1. UPON INJECTING, THE NURSE SAID, “IT WILL STING A BIT.”

2. I HAVE A LITTLE BIT OF TEMPER.

PARADOX

A PHRASE OR STATEMENT THAT SEEMS CONTRADICTORY BUT MAKES SOME KIND OF SENSE.

1. YOU HAVE TO DIE TO LIVE.

2. DEEP DOWN, YOU ARE REALLY SHALLOW.

IRONY

CONTRADICTORY OF WHAT IS SAID AND WHAT IS REALLY MEANT. SARCASM.

1. THE EXPLANATION IS AS CLEAR AS A MUD.

2. WHAT A GREAT IDEA. I LEARNED SOMETHING NEW!

READING AND WRITING POETRY

• literary work in which special intensity is given to the expression of feelings and ideas by the
use of distinctive style and rhythm; poems collectively, or as a genre of literature.

• literature that evokes a concentrated imaginative awareness of experience or a specific

emotional response through language chosen and arranged for its meaning, sound, and
rhythm.

• The language of imagination expressed in verse.

• It can be defined as “literature in metrical form” or a “composition forming rhythmic lines.”

ELEMENTS OF POETRY

Elements of poetry can be defined as a set of instruments used to create a poem. They help bring
imagery and emotion to poetry

1. STANZA
• A unit of lines grouped together.
• Similar to a paragraph IN A SHORT STORY.

TYPES OF STANZA

1. Couplets- stanzas of only two lines which usually rhyme.

Then share thy pain, allow that sad relief;

Ah, more than share it, give me all thy grief.

(Alexander Pope, “Eloisa to Abelard”)

2. Tercets - stanzas of three lines. The three lines may or may not have the same end rhyme. If all three
lines rhyme, this type of tercet is called a triplet.

Tercet:

An old silent pond…

A frog jumps into the pond,
splash! Silence again

Triplet:

Oh, Galuppi, Baldassaro, this is very sad to find!

I can hardly misconceive you; it would prove me deaf and blind;
But although I give you credit, 'tis with such a heavy mind!

Quatrain- stanzas of four lines which can be written in a SPECIFIC rhyme scheme.

Rhyme Scheme:

The pattern in which end rhyme occurs.

Rhymes are types of poems which have the repetition of the same or similar sounds at the end
of two or more words most at the ends of lines.

QUATRAIN: 4 lines per stanza

Alternating –

a four line stanza rhyming "abab.“

The sense of danger must not disappear

The way is certainly both short and steep

However gradual it looks from here;

Look if you like, but you will have to leap.

ENVELOPE STANZA- a quatrain with the rhyme scheme "abba.”

The worried efforts of the busy heap,

The dirt, the imprecision, and the beer

Produce a few smart wisecracks every year;

Laugh if you can, but you will have to leap.

BALLAD STANZA- a quatrain with the rhyme scheme "abCB.”

Who knows how long I’ve loved you

You know I love you still
Will I wait a lonely lifetime
If you want me to, I will

2. TONE/MOOD

refers to the writer's attitude towards the subject of a literary work as indicated in the work itself.

3. IMAGERY

Representation of the five senses: sight, taste, touch, sound, and smell.

• Creates mental images about a poem’s subject.

4. THEME

Talks about the central idea, the thought behind what the poet wants to convey.

5. SOUND DEVICES

5.1. Onomatopoeia:

The use of words that imitate the sound of the idea it denotes.

ex. Hiss, swosh, bang, buzz

5.2. alliteration:

the repetition of consonant sounds, especially in the initial position of the words.

Ex. Peter Piper pick a peck of pickled peppers.

5.3. assonance: the repetition vowel sounds.

Ex.

• Hear the mellow wedding bells.

It beats . . . as it sweeps . . . as it cleans

5.4. consonance: the identity of consonant sounds of in words without the identity of vowel sounds.

Ex.

• Black-block

• Slip-slop

• Creak-croak

• 5.5. anaphora: the repetition of word or words at the beginning of two or more successive
verses.

• Ex.

Lay me an anvil, oh god!

Beat me and hammer me into a crowbar.

• Lay me an anvil, oh god!

• Beat me and hammer me into a STEEL SPIKE!

Tired with all these, for restful death I cry,

As to behold desert a beggar born,

And needy nothing trimm'd in jollity,

And purest faith unhappily forsworn,

And gilded honour shamefully misplac'd,

And maiden virtue rudely strumpeted,

6. SYMBOLISM

A poem often conveys feelings, thoughts and ideas using symbols, this technique is known as
symbolism. certain symbolS SUCH as colors, places, times, and animals Have BEEN attached
themselves to GIVE LIFE TO POETRY.

Sleep: death.
Seasons: age

spring--youth,

Summer prime of life,

autumn--middle age,

winter--old age or death.

COLORS:

RED – ANGER

BLACK – DEATH

white – purity