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TECHNIQUES
A.J. Mehta K.L. Mokariya
Professor, Electrical Engg, G H Patel College of P.G. Student. Department of Electrical
Engg&Tech Vallabh Vidhyanagar. Engineering, ISTAR, V.V.Nagar, India
draxaymehta@gmail Kashyapmokariya2000@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
In this paper, various harmonic sources, their effects on power system and its mitigation techniques is
presented comprehensively. Firstly the The measurement of harmonics by Digital storage Oscilloscope
(DSO) is briefly discussed and than the various techniques of Passive filter and Active filter are
discussed. Further the Mat lab simulations for passive and active filters are presented..
Keywords: Harmonics, Nonlinear load, Active and Passive Filtering and Tuning of controller
100
80 I2R component are due to conductor heating and
60 %Fund
the skin effect. It is found that, losses from the
40
winding eddy-current increase with the square of
20
the frequency.
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2. TECHNIQUE OF HARMONIC EFFECT
harmonic number MINIMIZATION
(A) Passive Filtering
(B) Active Filtering
Figure 4 Measurement of harmonics by DSO
Active filtering
An active power filter compensates for harmonics
and corrects the power factor by supplying the
harmonic currents drawn by non-linear loads.
Generally, the active filter is connected in parallel
Figure 7 supply current waveform without passive with the harmonic-inducing load. The APF is
filter. standard voltage source inverter having an energy
storage capacitor on the dc side. The PWM (Pulse
width modulation) is employed to generate gating
pulse to the switches of the Active Filter. The dc
based load fed from the bridge with a capacitor is
nonlinear load on AC mains Circuit diagram
showing this scheme is given in Figure 11. In this
active filter subtraction of fundamental from the
total current by means of notch filter will give the
harmonic current. Here PI control Technique is
used for providing control signal. Sensed dc
voltage of the APF is compared with its set
reference value in the error detector, voltage error
is processed in the proportional-Integral (PI)
controller according to that gating pulse are
generated with pulse width modulation technique.
Tuning of PI controller is obtained for KP=0.1 and
KI=0.8. The fast switching IBGT in APF
application causes switching frequency noise to
appear which requires additional filtering. Design
Parameters for active filter are shown as under.
Design Parameters of Active Filter Figure.13 Voltage waveform with filter.
R1=0.25 ohm
L1=2.5mh 4. CONCLUSIONS
RG=1ohm In this paper with Passive filter the total harmonic
LG=2.5mh distortion in current is 2.46% and with active filter
RL=20ohm total harmonic distortion is 1.06% which is less
CL=100micro farad than 5% as per IEEE519.
KP=0.1
KI=0.8 5. REFRENCES
Cf1=11000 microfarad
1 Zainal Salam, Tan perang and Awang Jusoh
“Harmonics Mitigatation Using Active Filter a
Technological Review “vol8,no2,2006,17-26.
2 IEEE Recommended Practise for monitoring
electric power quality approved june14,1995.
3 A Mansoor,W M Grady,A.H Choudhary,M.J
Samotyi,1995.”An Investigtion of Harmonics
attenuation and diversity among distrubted single
phase power electronics loads”,IEEE Transctions
on power delivery vol10,1,1995.
4 W.M Grady and S Santaso,”Understanding
power system Harmonics.” IEEE power Engg
Review,vol 21,no11,pp 8-11,2001.
5 J.C Das “Passive filter Potentialities and
Figure 11 Active Harmonic Filter. limitation.” IEEE Trans on Industry
applications,vol 40,n0 1,2004.
6 Power system harmonics by J
Arrilaga,Newyork,Wiley 1985.
7 “Steady state performance of a controlled
current active filter” Richard M Duke Published
in IEEE Transcations on power Electronics vol
8,no 3 1993.
8” Active power filter for non linear AC
loads”Janko Nastran IEEE Transcations on power
electronics vol9,no1,1994.