OF CONTENT

Content Page

0. Executive summary ………………………………………………………………

1. Symbols, Nomenclature, Glossary……………………………………………….

1.1 Symbols……………………………………………………………..
1.2 Nomenclature………………………………………………………..

1.3 Glossary……………………………………………………………

2. Introduction……………………………………………………………………..

2.1 Problem Statement……………………………………………….

2.2 Scope and limitations……………………………………………..

3. Project Design brief …………………………………………………………....

3.1 Structural summary ………………………………………..

4. necessity of obtaining permits and

permissions…………………………………………………………..

5. sketch of ramp ………………………………………….

6. nominal dead and live loads ……………………………………………………………..

7. Design of bridge deck …………………………………..

8. Design of internal
column……………………………………………………………………………

9. Design of foundation………………………………………

Due to increasing pedestrian traffic of students travelling from halls of residence to the
engineering block at one of its many campuses, the University of South Africa (UNISA)
has devised a plan, which includes a new means of crossing a busy road safely and
without causing traffic delay. The main purpose is to safely merge the halls of residence
and the engineering block with the implementation of a pedestrian bridge.

This report shows design procedures for various elements of this proposed building. The
designs in this report are conducted in in accordant to the SABS standard of South Africa
which will be listed in the design brief table. The proposed build consists of three reinforced
concrete floors and the loading conditions on its floor and members of the floor are also given
in the project brief.
 1. SYMBOLS, NOMECLATURE, GLOSSARY

1. Symbols

A Area of tension reinforcement in beams and slabs mm²

A′ Area of compression reinforcement in beams and slabs mm²

A Area of longitudinal reinforcement in columns mm²

B Smaller dimension of rectangular foundation mm

b Width of rectangular beam mm

Smaller dimension of rectangular column mm

C Compression force kN

D Nominal dead load kN/m²

d Distance from compression face to tension reinforcement mm

d′ Distance from compression face to compression reinforcement mm

E Young modulus N/mm²

f Characteristic compressive strength of concrete N/mm²

f Service stress in tension reinforcement N/mm²

f Characteristic tensile strength of reinforcement N/mm²

h Overall depth of beam mm

I Second moment of area mm

K Bending stress ratio

K′ Limit to bending stress ratio

k Stiffness of members

k Passive soil pressure

L Effective span of flat slab panel mm

L Nominal live load kN/m²