Virtual University of Pakistan

Question

A researcher has found that there is a co-relation between the weight tendencies of father and
son. He is now interested in developing regression equation on two variables from the given
data:

Weight of father (in Kg) 69 63 66 64 67 64 70 66 68 67 65 71

Weight of Son (in Kg) 70 65 68 65 69 66 68 65 71 67 64 72

Calculate the regression model using normal equations. Also calculate the standard error of
estimates.

Solution

Weight of father = Y

Weight of Son = X

Y X XY X2 Y2
69 70 4830 4761 4900
63 65 4095 3969 4225
66 68 4488 4356 4624
64 65 4160 4096 4225
67 69 4623 4489 4761
64 66 4224 4096 4356
70 68 4760 4900 4624
66 65 44290 4356 4225
68 71 4323 4624 5041
67 67 4489 4489 4489
65 64 4160 4225 4096
71 72 5112 50421 5184
∑ Y = 800 ∑ X = 810 ∑ XY = 54059 ∑ X2 = 53402 ∑ Y2 = 54750

Regression Model is

Ŷ = a + bx
First we find a & b with the help of “Principles of least Square”. We can find the best fitting
equation for equation Y = a + bx by using normal equation

∑ Y = na + b∑ X …..(1) ∑ YX = a∑ X + b∑ X2 …..(2)
Put the value in eq. 1 Put the value in eq. 2

800 = 12a + b816 54059 = a800 + b53402

Mutliply eq.1 with 2 & eq.3 with 3

By Substracting

162000 = 2400a + b55488

−162177 = 2400a ± b53402

-177 = b(-206)

-177 = -b(206)

177 = b(206)
177
= b
206

0.9 = b

Using the equation we have got by multiplying 2 with eq.1

162000 = 2400a + b160000

Put the value of “b”

162000 = 2400a + (0.9)160000

162000 = 2400a + 144000

162000 - 144000 = 2400a

18000 = 2400a
18000
= a
2400

7.5 = a

a = 7.5

Regression Model is

Ŷ = a + bx

By putting value of “a” & “b” Regression Model

810 = 12a + b800

810 = 12(7.5) + (0.9)800

810 = 90 + 720

810 = 810

Standard error for estimation

∑ F 2 – a ∑ F– b ∑ XF
Syx = J
n–2

54750– 7.5(810)– 0.9(54059)

Syx = J
12–2

54750– 6075 – 48653.1

Syx = J
10

22
Syx = J
10

Syx = 1.48 ≅ 1.5