CEREAL DRYER FROM

WASTE HEAT
Project Guide , Members,
Mr Harikumar P S Jinse Jose
Navin Joseph Mattam
Riddin Chackalackal
Contents

1. Introduction
2. Conventional Sun drying
3. Merits of Sun Drying
4. Electric Crop Dryer
5. Cereal dryer from Waste heat
6. Waste heat from stove
7. Calculations
8. Part Drawings
9. Manufactured parts
10. Testing and Results
11. Conclusion
Introduction
Cereal Drying

 Cereals, especially wheat is dried after washing

 Many other agricultural products like coffee nut,
Nutmeg mace, pepper and chilly are also dried for
preservation and usage
 Conventional Sun drying is used for this.
Conventional Sun drying

 The crop is spread over a platform which well exposed to sunlight

 Due heat by the solar radiation the crop is dried
DISADVANTAGES
 Impossible to dry in rainy and cloudy weather
 Quality of food affected by contamination by dust, insect attack,
enzymatic reactions and infection by micro-organisms
 Non-uniform and insufficient drying also leads to deterioration of
the crop during storage
 This system is labour- and time intensive
 Merits of Sun drying

 No external power source required

 Sun drying is friendly to the environment
 Uniform exposure of grains to sunlight
 No blowers or artificial air movers
required
Electric Crops dryer

Disadvantages

 High initial cost

 Operating cost is high, since electric heating is involved
 Artificial air movement is required, a blower is involved
increases electricity consumptions
 Service cost
Advantages
 A cereal dryer for house hold usage which operate
irrespective of weather conditions
 Operate without electric power
 Air movement without electric blower
 To eliminate operating and maintenance cost
 Avoid contamination by dust and insects etc.
Waste heat from Gas stove

 Large amount heat is waste

through the stove body

 Heat is carried also by flue gas

Why cooking vessel holder?

 ESPECIALLY THE VESSEL HOLDER IS

SO HOT
 DIRECT CONTACT WITH FLAME
Calculations

Dry Weight of the cereal= 2kg

weight of the cereal after washing= 2.350kg
Amount water content in wet grains (m)= 0.350kg
Total Heat required for drying = 𝐒𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐭 + 𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐭
Total heat required for drying=117.236 + 791
=908.236 kJ
Time available for drying = 2 hr (7200s)

𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐇𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅

Heat flow rate required = = 908236/7200
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆
= 126.144 W
Calculations..

 Mass flow rate of Air required

𝒎 𝑪𝒑 ∆𝐓 = 𝐇𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐟𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐓𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐈𝐧𝐥𝐞𝐭 𝐚𝐢𝐫 𝐭𝐨 𝐝𝐫𝐲𝐞𝐫 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝐊
Temperature of outlet air from dryer = 313K T = 20K

𝒎 = (𝐇𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐟𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝)/𝑪𝒑 ∆𝑻

Cp of air = 1000 J/kgK
𝒎 = 𝟏𝟐𝟔. 𝟒𝟒/(𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 × 𝟐𝟎)
𝒎 = 𝟔. 𝟑𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 kg/s
 Volume Flow rate of air required
𝑽 = 𝐦/𝝆
Density of air at 600C = 1.2 Kg/m3
𝑽 = 𝟔. 𝟑𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 /𝟏. 𝟐 = 𝟓. 𝟐𝟔𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝒎𝟑 /𝐬
Exhaust Through Turbo Ventilator

Exhaust in
𝒎𝟑 /𝒔
0.9307
0.979
1.021
Part Drawings
1. Hollow Vessel Holder

 Hollow Channel
 Inlet port at Back side
 Outlet is taken from the other end of
channel
 𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝒎𝒎 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔
Conducting Pipe

 Carries hot air to the dryer

 Thermally insulated to avoid heat loss
 35mm internal diameter
Dryer Box

 The Dryer Box inside which Wet

cereal is placed
 100× 50cm to spread 2kg
cereal
 Have inlet and outlet ports for
hot air from stove and moist air
out
Parts Manufactured
Modified vessel holder and conducting
pipe
Dryer box and Tray

Dyer 1000 * 500 mm

Internal area of Tray 955*410 mm
Turbo Ventilator - Brought

 Medium Sized Turbo ventilator

 Throat diameter 366mm
Total Assembly
Testing and results

 Wheat is washed and the water is drained and spread in the tray
uniformly.
 The door is closed tightly
 After three hours of operation cereal is found dry
Results

 Dry weight of cereal =2 kg

 weight of cereal after washing = 2.350 kg
 Weight of water removed = 0.350kg
 Time required for drying =3hour
10800s
 Heat flow through dryer = 𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐫𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐝𝐫𝐲𝐢𝐧𝐠/ 𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
(6.1)
908236/10800
 = 84.0959W
Costs

ITEM COST (Rupees)

Dryer Manufacturing 15000/-
Turbo Ventilator 5200/-

Vessel Holder manufacturing 2100/-

S.S MESH 1200/-

Thermal insulating tape 540/-

Asbestos based strand reel 300/-

Consumables 1000/-

Total 25,340/-
Work plan

Time span Work done

November- December 2018 Design of dryer and heat trap completed

Jan –Feb ‘19 Modified vessel holder manufactured

March 1-15 Ordering of components

March 15 – April 25 Dryer Manufacturing

April 25 – May 1 Testing and Analysis

Conslusion

 The dryer we have designed is the solution for the difficulties faced in the
conventional solar drying and overcomes the operative costs of
electrically working crop dryer. It is ideal for household users. The risk of
microbial activity on wet grains can be avoided just by utilizing the waste
heat.
 At our houses like the Gas stove many instruments emits or radiates waste
heat. For emerging sustainable engineering and green building concepts
where the slogans Reduce Reuse Recycle are most important, the reuse of
wasted energy should be also dealt with. Our project is directed towards
this concept.
REFERENCES

 Mr. Ganesh K. Jadhav, Dr. P. M. Ghanegaonkar and Mr Sharad Garg

(2015) Analysis of Turbo Ventilator Using CFD, International Journal of
Innovative Technology And Research, 6, 2515 – 2518.
 Werner Weiss and Josef Buchinger Solar drying Institute for Sustainable
Technologies, Austria
THANK YOU